Starwood Property Trust 10Q 2020 Q3 Quarterly report

0001465128us-gaap:CommercialPortfolioSegmentMemberstwd:LoansHeldForInvestmentMember2020-09-30

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2020

☐

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number 001-34436

Starwood Property Trust, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Maryland		27-0247747
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

591 West Putnam Avenue
Greenwich, Connecticut		06830
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)		(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:

(203) 422-7700

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share	STWD	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ⌧ No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ⌧ No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer ⌧		Accelerated filer ◻
Non-accelerated filer ◻		Smaller reporting company ☐
		Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ⌧

The number of shares of the issuer’s common stock, $0.01 par value, outstanding as of October 30, 2020 was 284,687,634.

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Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains certain forward-looking statements, including without limitation, statements concerning our operations, economic performance and financial condition. These forward-looking statements are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are developed by combining currently available information with our beliefs and assumptions and are generally identified by the words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate” and other similar expressions. Forward-looking statements do not guarantee future performance, which may be materially different from that expressed in, or implied by, any such statements. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of their respective dates.

These forward-looking statements are based largely on our current beliefs, assumptions and expectations of our future performance taking into account all information currently available to us. These beliefs, assumptions and expectations can change as a result of many possible events or factors, not all of which are known to us or within our control, and which could materially affect actual results, performance or achievements. Factors that may cause actual results to vary from our forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

●

factors described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2020 and this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including those set forth under the captions “Risk Factors”, “Business” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”;

●

the severity and duration of the pandemic of the novel strain of coronavirus (“COVID-19”), actions that may be taken by governmental authorities to contain the COVID-19 outbreak or to treat its impact and the adverse impacts that the COVID-19 pandemic has had, and will likely continue to have, on the global economy, on the borrowers underlying our real estate-related assets and infrastructure loans and tenants of our owned properties, including their ability to make payments on their loans or to pay rent, as the case may be, and on our operations and financial performance;

●

defaults by borrowers in paying debt service on outstanding indebtedness;

●

impairment in the value of real estate property securing our loans or in which we invest;

●

availability of mortgage origination and acquisition opportunities acceptable to us;

●

potential mismatches in the timing of asset repayments and the maturity of the associated financing agreements;

●

our ability to integrate our prior acquisition of the project finance origination, underwriting and capital markets business of GE Capital Global Holdings, LLC into our business and to achieve the benefits that we anticipate from the acquisition;

●

national and local economic and business conditions, including continued disruption from the COVID-19 pandemic;

●

general and local commercial and residential real estate property conditions;

●

changes in federal government policies;

●

changes in federal, state and local governmental laws and regulations;

●

increased competition from entities engaged in mortgage lending and securities investing activities;

●

changes in interest rates; and

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●

the availability of, and costs associated with, sources of liquidity.

In light of these risks and uncertainties, there can be no assurances that the results referred to in the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q will in fact occur. Except to the extent required by applicable law or regulation, we undertake no obligation to, and expressly disclaim any such obligation to, update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect changed assumptions, the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events, changes to future results over time or otherwise.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS


		Page
Part I	Financial Information
Item 1.	Financial Statements	5
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	7
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity	8
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	10
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	12
	Note 1 Business and Organization	12
	Note 2 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	13
	Note 3 Acquisitions and Divestitures	19
	Note 4 Loans	20
	Note 5 Investment Securities	25
	Note 6 Properties	28
	Note 7 Investment in Unconsolidated Entities	30
	Note 8 Goodwill and Intangibles	31
	Note 9 Secured Borrowings	33
	Note 10 Unsecured Senior Notes	36
	Note 11 Loan Securitization/Sale Activities	37
	Note 12 Derivatives and Hedging Activity	38
	Note 13 Offsetting Assets and Liabilities	40
	Note 14 Variable Interest Entities	40
	Note 15 Related-Party Transactions	42
	Note 16 Stockholders’ Equity and Non-Controlling Interests	44
	Note 17 Earnings per Share	46
	Note 18 Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income	47
	Note 19 Fair Value	48
	Note 20 Income Taxes	55
	Note 21 Commitments and Contingencies	56
	Note 22 Segment Data	57
	Note 23 Subsequent Events	63
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	64
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	106
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	110
Part II	Other Information
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	111
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	111
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	114
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	114
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	114
Item 5.	Other Information	114
Item 6.	Exhibits	115

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PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

Starwood Property Trust, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited, amounts in thousands, except share data)


	As of		As of
	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	379,870	$	478,388
Restricted cash		131,336		95,643
Loans held-for-investment, net of credit loss allowances of $109,747 and $33,415 ($256,407 and $671,572 held at fair value)		10,918,652		10,586,074
Loans held-for-sale ($1,012,673 and $764,622 held at fair value)		1,012,673		884,150
Investment securities, net of credit loss allowances of $6,425 and $0 ($203,817 and $239,600 held at fair value)		745,113		810,238
Properties, net		2,207,822		2,266,440
Intangible assets ($14,589 and $16,917 held at fair value)		74,139		85,700
Investment in unconsolidated entities		104,384		84,329
Goodwill		259,846		259,846
Derivative assets		64,825		28,943
Accrued interest receivable		78,030		64,087
Other assets		163,474		211,323
Variable interest entity (“VIE”) assets, at fair value		64,477,475		62,187,175
Total Assets	$	80,617,639	$	78,042,336
Liabilities and Equity
Liabilities:
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	$	201,491	$	212,006
Related-party payable		22,096		40,925
Dividends payable		138,264		137,427
Derivative liabilities		13,452		8,740
Secured financing agreements, net		9,615,892		8,906,048
Collateralized loan obligations, net		929,931		928,060
Unsecured senior notes, net		1,934,555		1,928,622
VIE liabilities, at fair value		62,876,265		60,743,494
Total Liabilities		75,731,946		72,905,322
Commitments and contingencies (Note 21)
Equity:
Starwood Property Trust, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 per share, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 0 shares issued and outstanding		—		—
Common stock, $0.01 per share, 500,000,000 shares authorized, 291,787,327 issued and 284,681,766 outstanding as of September 30, 2020 and 287,380,891 issued and 282,200,751 outstanding as of December 31, 2019		2,918		2,874
Additional paid-in capital		5,200,716		5,132,532
Treasury stock (7,105,561 shares and 5,180,140 shares)		(133,024)		(104,194)
Accumulated other comprehensive income		42,285		50,932
Accumulated deficit		(599,014)		(381,719)
Total Starwood Property Trust, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity		4,513,881		4,700,425
Non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiaries		371,812		436,589
Total Equity		4,885,693		5,137,014
Total Liabilities and Equity	$	80,617,639	$	78,042,336

Note: In addition to the VIE assets and liabilities which are separately presented, our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 include assets of $1.1 billion and liabilities of $0.9 billion related to a consolidated collateralized loan obligation (“CLO”), which is considered to be a VIE. The CLO’s assets can only be used to settle obligations of the CLO, and the CLO’s liabilities do not have recourse to Starwood Property Trust, Inc. Refer to Note 14 for additional discussion of VIEs.

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Starwood Property Trust, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Unaudited, amounts in thousands, except per share data)


	For the Three Months Ended				For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Revenues:
Interest income from loans	$	169,404	$	172,030	$	557,934	$	546,912
Interest income from investment securities		12,186		16,676		42,070		56,853
Servicing fees		9,548		14,333		20,999		47,774
Rental income		75,978		84,654		222,834		255,784
Other revenues		311		637		1,756		2,668
Total revenues		267,427		288,330		845,593		909,991
Costs and expenses:
Management fees		23,127		30,238		86,970		76,227
Interest expense		95,981		123,156		317,499		387,954
General and administrative		39,478		39,766		110,857		112,274
Acquisition and investment pursuit costs		884		163		3,383		579
Costs of rental operations		29,522		31,568		87,368		91,874
Depreciation and amortization		23,581		28,269		70,982		86,075
Credit loss (reversal) provision, net		(3,587)		(39)		55,284		3,242
Other expense		172		123		662		1,777
Total costs and expenses		209,158		253,244		733,005		760,002
Other income (loss):
Change in net assets related to consolidated VIEs		58,585		61,767		64,353		164,761
Change in fair value of servicing rights		634		(625)		(2,328)		(2,308)
Change in fair value of investment securities, net		(199)		266		3,132		995
Change in fair value of mortgage loans, net		61,384		32,521		79,700		65,678
Earnings (loss) from unconsolidated entities		3,192		2,747		32,065		(31,636)
Gain on sale of investments and other assets, net		—		21,157		6,768		28,157
(Loss) gain on derivative financial instruments, net		(28,097)		21,933		(34,485)		19,694
Foreign currency gain (loss), net		25,452		(15,664)		(1,861)		(17,134)
Loss on extinguishment of debt		—		(4,624)		(2,377)		(10,738)
Other income (loss), net		357		(50)		687		(123)
Total other income		121,308		119,428		145,654		217,346
Income before income taxes		179,577		154,514		258,242		367,335
Income tax provision		(14,843)		(4,513)		(6,816)		(8,380)
Net income		164,734		150,001		251,426		358,955
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests		(12,900)		(9,605)		(26,705)		(21,160)
Net income attributable to Starwood Property Trust, Inc.	$	151,834	$	140,396	$	224,721	$	337,795

Earnings per share data attributable to Starwood Property Trust, Inc.:
Basic	$	0.53	$	0.50	$	0.79	$	1.20
Diluted	$	0.52	$	0.49	$	0.79	$	1.19

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Starwood Property Trust, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(Unaudited, amounts in thousands)


	For the Three Months Ended				For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Net income	$	164,734	$	150,001	$	251,426	$	358,955
Other comprehensive loss (net change by component):
Available-for-sale securities		(581)		(579)		(8,647)		(1,045)
Foreign currency translation		—		(4,168)		—		(5,238)
Other comprehensive loss		(581)		(4,747)		(8,647)		(6,283)
Comprehensive income		164,153		145,254		242,779		352,672
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests		(12,900)		(9,605)		(26,705)		(21,160)
Comprehensive income attributable to Starwood Property Trust, Inc.	$	151,253	$	135,649	$	216,074	$	331,512

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Starwood Property Trust, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity

For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019

(Unaudited, amounts in thousands, except share data)


													Total
													Starwood
											Accumulated		Property
	Common stock			Additional							Other		Trust, Inc.		Non-
		Par		Paid-in		Treasury Stock			Accumulated		Comprehensive		Stockholders’		Controlling		Total
	Shares	Value		Capital		Shares	Amount		Deficit		Income		Equity		Interests		Equity
Balance, June 30, 2020	291,573,083	$	2,916	$	5,193,572	7,105,561	$	(133,024)	$	(614,093)	$	42,866	$	4,492,237	$	372,559	$	4,864,796
Proceeds from DRIP Plan	34,309		1		520	—		—		—		—		521		—		521
Redemption of Class A Units	—		—		418	—		—		—		—		418		(1,703)		(1,285)
Equity offering costs	—		—		(54)	—		—		—		—		(54)		—		(54)
Share-based compensation	179,935		1		6,260	—		—		—		—		6,261		—		6,261
Net income	—		—		—	—		—		151,834		—		151,834		12,900		164,734
Dividends declared, $0.48 per share	—		—		—	—		—		(136,755)		—		(136,755)		—		(136,755)
Other comprehensive loss, net	—		—		—	—		—		—		(581)		(581)		—		(581)
VIE non-controlling interests	—		—		—	—		—		—		—		—		12		12
Contributions from non-controlling interests	—		—		—	—		—		—		—		—		251		251
Distributions to non-controlling interests	—		—		—	—		—		—		—		—		(12,207)		(12,207)
Balance, September 30, 2020	291,787,327	$	2,918	$	5,200,716	7,105,561	$	(133,024)	$	(599,014)	$	42,285	$	4,513,881	$	371,812	$	4,885,693

Balance, June 30, 2019	286,451,361	$	2,864	$	5,103,771	5,180,140	$	(104,194)	$	(421,858)	$	57,124	$	4,637,707	$	265,544	$	4,903,251
Proceeds from DRIP Plan	10,751		—		253	—		—		—		—		253		—		253
Redemption of Class A Units for common stock	219,831		2		4,695	—		—		—		—		4,697		(4,697)		—
Equity offering costs	—		—		(19)	—		—		—		—		(19)		—		(19)
Share-based compensation	435,216		5		12,971	—		—		—		—		12,976		—		12,976
Net income	—		—		—	—		—		140,396		—		140,396		9,605		150,001
Dividends declared, $0.48 per share	—		—		—	—		—		(136,067)		—		(136,067)		—		(136,067)
Other comprehensive loss, net	—		—		—	—		—		—		(4,747)		(4,747)		—		(4,747)
VIE non-controlling interests	—		—		—	—		—		—		—		—		(2,615)		(2,615)
Contributions from non-controlling interests	—		—		—	—		—		—		—		—		658		658
Distributions to non-controlling interests	—		—		—	—		—		—		—		—		(10,677)		(10,677)
Balance, September 30, 2019	287,117,159	$	2,871	$	5,121,671	5,180,140	$	(104,194)	$	(417,529)	$	52,377	$	4,655,196	$	257,818	$	4,913,014

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Starwood Property Trust, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity (Continued)

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019

(Unaudited, amounts in thousands, except share data)


													Total
													Starwood
											Accumulated		Property
	Common stock			Additional							Other		Trust, Inc.		Non-
		Par		Paid-in		Treasury Stock			Accumulated		Comprehensive		Stockholders’		Controlling		Total
	Shares	Value		Capital		Shares	Amount		Deficit		Income		Equity		Interests		Equity
Balance, December 31, 2019	287,380,891	$	2,874	$	5,132,532	5,180,140	$	(104,194)	$	(381,719)	$	50,932	$	4,700,425	$	436,589	$	5,137,014
Cumulative effect of credit loss accounting standard effective January 1, 2020	—		—		—	—		—		(32,286)		—		(32,286)		—		(32,286)
Proceeds from DRIP Plan	59,340		1		889	—		—		—		—		890		—		890
Redemption of Class A Units	409,712		4		8,952	—		—		—		—		8,956		(10,241)		(1,285)
Equity offering costs	—		—		(69)	—		—		—		—		(69)		—		(69)
Common stock repurchased	—		—		—	1,925,421		(28,830)		—		—		(28,830)		—		(28,830)
Share-based compensation	1,516,152		15		22,390	—		—		—		—		22,405		—		22,405
Manager fees paid in stock	2,421,232		24		36,022	—		—		—		—		36,046		—		36,046
Net income	—		—		—	—		—		224,721		—		224,721		26,705		251,426
Dividends declared, $1.44 per share	—		—		—	—		—		(409,730)		—		(409,730)		—		(409,730)
Other comprehensive loss, net	—		—		—	—		—		—		(8,647)		(8,647)		—		(8,647)
VIE non-controlling interests	—		—		—	—		—		—		—		—		(2,177)		(2,177)
Contributions from non-controlling interests	—		—		—	—		—		—		—		—		9,657		9,657
Distributions to non-controlling interests	—		—		—	—		—		—		—		—		(88,721)		(88,721)
Balance, September 30, 2020	291,787,327	$	2,918	$	5,200,716	7,105,561	$	(133,024)	$	(599,014)	$	42,285	$	4,513,881	$	371,812	$	4,885,693

Balance, December 31, 2018	280,839,692	$	2,808	$	4,995,156	5,180,140	$	(104,194)	$	(348,998)	$	58,660	$	4,603,432	$	296,757	$	4,900,189
Proceeds from DRIP Plan	27,887		—		632	—		—		—		—		632		—		632
Redemption of Class A Units	974,176		10		21,060	—		—		—		—		21,070		(21,070)		—
Equity offering costs	—		—		(27)	—		—		—		—		(27)		—		(27)
Conversion of 2019 Convertible Notes	3,611,918		36		67,526	—		—		—		—		67,562		—		67,562
Share-based compensation	1,168,123		12		26,352	—		—		—		—		26,364		—		26,364
Manager fees paid in stock	495,363		5		10,972	—		—		—		—		10,977		—		10,977
Net income	—		—		—	—		—		337,795		—		337,795		21,160		358,955
Dividends declared, $1.44 per share	—		—		—	—		—		(406,326)		—		(406,326)		—		(406,326)
Other comprehensive loss, net	—		—		—	—		—		—		(6,283)		(6,283)		—		(6,283)
VIE non-controlling interests	—		—		—	—		—		—		—		—		(2,792)		(2,792)
Contributions from non-controlling interests	—		—		—	—		—		—		—		—		5,294		5,294
Distributions to non-controlling interests	—		—		—	—		—		—		—		—		(41,531)		(41,531)
Balance, September 30, 2019	287,117,159	$	2,871	$	5,121,671	5,180,140	$	(104,194)	$	(417,529)	$	52,377	$	4,655,196	$	257,818	$	4,913,014

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Starwood Property Trust, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited, amounts in thousands)


	For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2020		2019
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net income	$	251,426	$	358,955
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Amortization of deferred financing costs, premiums and discounts on secured borrowings		29,996		25,942
Amortization of discounts and deferred financing costs on unsecured senior notes		5,933		5,830
Accretion of net discount on investment securities		(9,362)		(10,338)
Accretion of net deferred loan fees and discounts		(30,468)		(24,193)
Share-based compensation		22,405		26,364
Manager fees paid in stock		36,046		10,977
Change in fair value of investment securities		(3,132)		(995)
Change in fair value of consolidated VIEs		41,008		(32,984)
Change in fair value of servicing rights		2,328		2,308
Change in fair value of loans		(79,700)		(65,678)
Change in fair value of derivatives		41,146		(16,043)
Foreign currency loss, net		1,861		17,134
Gain on sale of investments and other assets		(6,768)		(28,157)
Impairment charges on properties and related intangibles		—		1,392
Credit loss provision, net		55,284		3,242
Depreciation and amortization		70,626		86,172
(Earnings) loss from unconsolidated entities		(32,065)		31,636
Distributions of earnings from unconsolidated entities		2,334		9,730
Loss on extinguishment of debt		2,377		10,738
Origination and purchase of loans held-for-sale, net of principal collections		(1,725,341)		(2,549,697)
Proceeds from sale of loans held-for-sale		1,997,651		1,774,794
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Related-party payable, net		(18,829)		(19,557)
Accrued and capitalized interest receivable, less purchased interest		(121,923)		(71,906)
Other assets		3,007		(112,723)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities		(9,691)		(2,734)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		526,149		(569,791)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Origination and purchase of loans held-for-investment		(2,368,931)		(2,987,685)
Proceeds from principal collections on loans		1,357,445		2,312,992
Proceeds from loans sold		435,097		945,066
Purchase and funding of investment securities		(22,408)		(5,165)
Proceeds from sales of investment securities		7,940		3,978
Proceeds from principal collections on investment securities		67,957		118,892
Proceeds from sales of real estate		23,805		52,336
Purchases and additions to properties and other assets		(17,923)		(22,977)
Investment in unconsolidated entities		(3,133)		(8,365)
Proceeds from sale of interest in unconsolidated entities		10,313		—
Distribution of capital from unconsolidated entities		2,485		12,455
Payments for purchase or termination of derivatives		(76,270)		(36,360)
Proceeds from termination of derivatives		13,667		12,979
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities		(569,956)		398,146

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Starwood Property Trust, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Continued)

(Unaudited, amounts in thousands)


	For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2020		2019
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Proceeds from borrowings	$	4,935,556	$	6,084,209
Principal repayments on and repurchases of borrowings		(4,221,999)		(5,549,756)
Payment of deferred financing costs		(17,978)		(45,403)
Proceeds from common stock issuances		511		632
Payment of equity offering costs		(69)		(27)
Payment of dividends		(408,893)		(402,519)
Contributions from non-controlling interests		9,657		5,294
Distributions to non-controlling interests		(90,006)		(41,531)
Purchase of treasury stock		(28,830)		—
Issuance of debt of consolidated VIEs		24,376		149,949
Repayment of debt of consolidated VIEs		(279,419)		(158,315)
Distributions of cash from consolidated VIEs		57,174		38,607
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities		(19,920)		81,140
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(63,727)		(90,505)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period		574,031		487,865
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash		902		(2,702)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	511,206	$	394,658
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	$	284,855	$	367,291
Income taxes paid		2,261		8,848
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Dividends declared, but not yet paid	$	138,737	$	136,533
Consolidation of VIEs (VIE asset/liability additions)		3,589,657		6,103,915
Deconsolidation of VIEs (VIE asset/liability reductions)		7,652		341,186
Reclassification of loans held-for-investment to held-for-sale		449,025		—
Reclassification of loans held-for-sale to held-for-investment		104,327		340,948
Loan principal collections temporarily held at master servicer		9,911		—
Redemption of Class A Units for common stock		8,538		21,070
Unsettled common stock issuances		379		—
Settlement of 2019 Convertible Notes in shares		—		75,525
Settlement of loans transferred as secured borrowings		—		74,692
Net assets acquired through foreclosure		—		27,416
Lease liabilities arising from obtaining right-of-use assets		—		9,626
Net assets acquired from consolidated VIEs		—		8,613

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Starwood Property Trust, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

As of September 30, 2020

(Unaudited)

1. Business and Organization

Starwood Property Trust, Inc. (“STWD” and, together with its subsidiaries, “we” or the “Company”) is a Maryland corporation that commenced operations in August 2009, upon the completion of our initial public offering. We are focused primarily on originating, acquiring, financing and managing mortgage loans and other real estate investments in both the United States (“U.S.”) and Europe. As market conditions change over time, we may adjust our strategy to take advantage of changes in interest rates and credit spreads as well as economic and credit conditions.

We have 4 reportable business segments as of September 30, 2020 and we refer to the investments within these segments as our target assets:

●

Real estate commercial and residential lending (the “Commercial and Residential Lending Segment”)—engages primarily in originating, acquiring, financing and managing commercial first mortgages, non-agency residential mortgages (“residential loans”), subordinated mortgages, mezzanine loans, preferred equity, commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”), residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”) and other real estate and real estate-related debt investments in both the U.S. and Europe (including distressed or non-performing loans). Our residential mortgage loans are secured by a first mortgage lien on residential property and consist of non-agency residential mortgage loans that are not guaranteed by any U.S. Government agency or federally chartered corporation.

●

Infrastructure lending (the “Infrastructure Lending Segment”)—engages primarily in originating, acquiring, financing and managing infrastructure debt investments.

●

Real estate property (the “Property Segment”)—engages primarily in acquiring and managing equity interests in stabilized commercial real estate properties, including multifamily properties and commercial properties subject to net leases, that are held for investment.

●

Real estate investing and servicing (the “Investing and Servicing Segment”)—includes (i) a servicing business in the U.S. that manages and works out problem assets, (ii) an investment business that selectively acquires and manages unrated, investment grade and non-investment grade rated CMBS, including subordinated interests of securitization and resecuritization transactions, (iii) a mortgage loan business which originates conduit loans for the primary purpose of selling these loans into securitization transactions and (iv) an investment business that selectively acquires commercial real estate assets, including properties acquired from CMBS trusts.

Our segments exclude the consolidation of securitization variable interest entities (“VIEs”).

We are organized and conduct our operations to qualify as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). As such, we will generally not be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax on that portion of our net income that is distributed to stockholders if we distribute at least 90% of our taxable income to our stockholders by prescribed dates and comply with various other requirements.

We are organized as a holding company and conduct our business primarily through our various wholly-owned subsidiaries. We are externally managed and advised by SPT Management, LLC (our “Manager”) pursuant to the terms of a management agreement. Our Manager is controlled by Barry Sternlicht, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. Our Manager is an affiliate of Starwood Capital Group, a privately-held private equity firm founded by Mr. Sternlicht.

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2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Balance Sheet Presentation of Securitization Variable Interest Entities

We operate investment businesses that acquire unrated, investment grade and non-investment grade rated CMBS and RMBS. These securities represent interests in securitization structures (commonly referred to as special purpose entities, or “SPEs”). These SPEs are structured as pass through entities that receive principal and interest on the underlying collateral and distribute those payments to the certificate holders. Under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), SPEs typically qualify as VIEs. These are entities that, by design, either (1) lack sufficient equity to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties, or (2) have equity investors that do not have the ability to make significant decisions relating to the entity’s operations through voting rights, or do not have the obligation to absorb the expected losses, or do not have the right to receive the residual returns of the entity.

Because we often serve as the special servicer or servicing administrator of the trusts in which we invest, or we have the ability to remove and replace the special servicer without cause, consolidation of these structures is required pursuant to GAAP as outlined in detail below. This results in a consolidated balance sheet which presents the gross assets and liabilities of the VIEs. The assets and other instruments held by these VIEs are restricted and can only be used to fulfill the obligations of the entity. Additionally, the obligations of the VIEs do not have any recourse to the general credit of any other consolidated entities, nor to us as the consolidator of these VIEs.

The VIE liabilities initially represent investment securities on our balance sheet (pre-consolidation). Upon consolidation of these VIEs, our associated investment securities are eliminated, as is the interest income related to those securities. Similarly, the fees we earn in our roles as special servicer of the bonds issued by the consolidated VIEs or as collateral administrator of the consolidated VIEs are also eliminated. Finally, an allocable portion of the identified servicing intangible associated with the eliminated fee streams is eliminated in consolidation.

Refer to the segment data in Note 22 for a presentation of our business segments without consolidation of these VIEs.

Basis of Accounting and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include our accounts and those of our consolidated subsidiaries and VIEs. Intercompany amounts have been eliminated in consolidation. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (which include only normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows have been included.

These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 (our “Form 10-K”), as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full year.

Refer to our Form 10-K for a description of our recurring accounting policies. We have included disclosure in this Note 2 regarding principles of consolidation and other accounting policies that (i) are required to be disclosed quarterly, (ii) we view as critical, (iii) became significant since December 31, 2019 due to a corporate action or increase in the significance of the underlying business activity or (iv) changed upon adoption of an Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”).

Variable Interest Entities

In addition to the securitization VIEs, we have financed a pool of our loans through a collateralized loan obligation (“CLO”) which is considered a VIE. We also hold interests in certain other entities which are considered VIEs as the limited partners of those entities with equity at risk do not collectively possess (i) the right to remove the general partner or dissolve the partnership without cause or (ii) the right to participate in significant decisions made by the partnership.

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We evaluate all of our interests in VIEs for consolidation. When our interests are determined to be variable interests, we assess whether we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary of the VIE. The primary beneficiary of a VIE is required to consolidate the VIE. Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810, Consolidation, defines the primary beneficiary as the party that has both (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance, and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses and the right to receive benefits from the VIE which could be potentially significant. We consider our variable interests as well as any variable interests of our related parties in making this determination. Where both of these factors are present, we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary and we consolidate the VIE. Where either one of these factors is not present, we are not the primary beneficiary and do not consolidate the VIE.

To assess whether we have the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance, we consider all facts and circumstances, including our role in establishing the VIE and our ongoing rights and responsibilities. This assessment includes: (i) identifying the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance; and (ii) identifying which party, if any, has power over those activities. In general, the parties that make the most significant decisions affecting the VIE or have the right to unilaterally remove those decision makers are deemed to have the power to direct the activities of a VIE. The right to remove the decision maker in a VIE must be exercisable without cause for the decision maker to not be deemed the party that has the power to direct the activities of a VIE.

To assess whether we have the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE, we consider all of our economic interests, including debt and equity investments, servicing fees and other arrangements deemed to be variable interests in the VIE. This assessment requires that we apply judgment in determining whether these interests, in the aggregate, are considered potentially significant to the VIE. Factors considered in assessing significance include: the design of the VIE, including its capitalization structure; subordination of interests; payment priority; relative share of interests held across various classes within the VIE’s capital structure; and the reasons why the interests are held by us.

Our purchased investment securities include unrated and non-investment grade rated securities issued by securitization trusts. In certain cases, we may contract to provide special servicing activities for these trusts, or, as holder of the controlling class, we may have the right to name and remove the special servicer for these trusts. In our role as special servicer, we provide services on defaulted loans within the trusts, such as foreclosure or work-out procedures, as permitted by the underlying contractual agreements. In exchange for these services, we receive a fee. These rights give us the ability to direct activities that could significantly impact the trust’s economic performance. However, in those instances where an unrelated third party has the right to unilaterally remove us as special servicer without cause, we do not have the power to direct activities that most significantly impact the trust’s economic performance. We evaluated all of our positions in such investments for consolidation.

For securitization VIEs in which we are determined to be the primary beneficiary, all of the underlying assets, liabilities and equity of the structures are recorded on our books, and the initial investment, along with any associated unrealized holding gains and losses, are eliminated in consolidation. Similarly, the interest income earned from these structures, as well as the fees paid by these trusts to us in our capacity as special servicer, are eliminated in consolidation. Further, an allocable portion of the identified servicing intangible asset associated with the servicing fee streams, and the corresponding allocable amortization or change in fair value of the servicing intangible asset, are also eliminated in consolidation.

We perform ongoing reassessments of: (i) whether any entities previously evaluated under the majority voting interest framework have become VIEs, based on certain events, and therefore subject to the VIE consolidation framework, and (ii) whether changes in the facts and circumstances regarding our involvement with a VIE causes our consolidation conclusion regarding the VIE to change.

We elect the fair value option for initial and subsequent recognition of the assets and liabilities of our consolidated securitization VIEs. Interest income and interest expense associated with these VIEs are no longer relevant on a standalone basis because these amounts are already reflected in the fair value changes. We have elected to present these items in a single line on our condensed consolidated statements of operations. The residual difference shown on our condensed consolidated statements of operations in the line item “Change in net assets related to consolidated VIEs” represents our beneficial interest in the VIEs.

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We separately present the assets and liabilities of our consolidated securitization VIEs as individual line items on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. The liabilities of our consolidated securitization VIEs consist solely of obligations to the bondholders of the related trusts, and are thus presented as a single line item entitled “VIE liabilities.” The assets of our consolidated securitization VIEs consist principally of loans, but at times, also include foreclosed loans which have been temporarily converted into real estate owned (“REO”). These assets in the aggregate are likewise presented as a single line item entitled “VIE assets.”

Loans comprise the vast majority of our securitization VIE assets and are carried at fair value due to the election of the fair value option. When an asset becomes REO, it is due to non-performance of the loan. Because the loan is already at fair value, the carrying value of an REO asset is also initially at fair value. Furthermore, when we consolidate a trust, any existing REO would be consolidated at fair value. Once an asset becomes REO, its disposition time is relatively short. As a result, the carrying value of an REO generally approximates fair value under GAAP.

In addition to sharing a similar measurement method as the loans in a trust, the securitization VIE assets as a whole can only be used to settle the obligations of the consolidated VIE. The assets of our securitization VIEs are not individually accessible by the bondholders, which creates inherent limitations from a valuation perspective. Also creating limitations from a valuation perspective is our role as special servicer, which provides us very limited visibility, if any, into the performing loans of a trust.

REO assets generally represent a very small percentage of the overall asset pool of a trust. In new issue trusts there are no REO assets. We estimate that REO assets constitute approximately 1% of our consolidated securitization VIE assets, with the remaining 99% representing loans. However, it is important to note that the fair value of our securitization VIE assets is determined by reference to our securitization VIE liabilities as permitted under ASU 2014-13, Consolidation (Topic 810): Measuring the Financial Assets and the Financial Liabilities of a Consolidated Collateralized Financing Entity. In other words, our VIE liabilities are more reliably measurable than the VIE assets, resulting in our current measurement methodology which utilizes this value to determine the fair value of our securitization VIE assets as a whole. As a result, these percentages are not necessarily indicative of the relative fair values of each of these asset categories if the assets were to be valued individually.

Due to our accounting policy election under ASU 2014-13, separately presenting two different asset categories would result in an arbitrary assignment of value to each, with one asset category representing a residual amount, as opposed to its fair value. However, as a pool, the fair value of the assets in total is equal to the fair value of the liabilities.

For these reasons, the assets of our securitization VIEs are presented in the aggregate.

Fair Value Option

The guidance in ASC 825, Financial Instruments, provides a fair value option election that allows entities to make an irrevocable election of fair value as the initial and subsequent measurement attribute for certain eligible financial assets and liabilities. Unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected are reported in earnings. The decision to elect the fair value option is determined on an instrument by instrument basis and must be applied to an entire instrument and is irrevocable once elected. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value pursuant to this guidance are required to be reported separately in our consolidated balance sheets from those instruments using another accounting method.

We have elected the fair value option for certain eligible financial assets and liabilities of our consolidated securitization VIEs, residential loans held-for-investment, loans held-for-sale originated or acquired for future securitization and purchased CMBS issued by VIEs we could consolidate in the future. The fair value elections for VIE and securitization related items were made in order to mitigate accounting mismatches between the carrying value of the instruments and the related assets and liabilities that we consolidate at fair value. The fair value elections for residential mortgage loans held-for-investment were made in order to maintain consistency across all our residential mortgage loans. The fair value elections for mortgage loans held-for-sale were made due to the expected short-term holding period of these instruments.

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Fair Value Measurements

We measure our mortgage-backed securities, derivative assets and liabilities, domestic servicing rights intangible asset and any assets or liabilities where we have elected the fair value option at fair value. When actively quoted observable prices are not available, we either use implied pricing from similar assets and liabilities or valuation models based on net present values of estimated future cash flows, adjusted as appropriate for liquidity, credit, market and/or other risk factors.

As discussed above, we measure the assets and liabilities of consolidated securitization VIEs at fair value pursuant to our election of the fair value option. The securitization VIEs in which we invest are “static”; that is, 0 reinvestment is permitted, and there is no active management of the underlying assets. In determining the fair value of the assets and liabilities of the securitization VIEs, we maximize the use of observable inputs over unobservable inputs. Refer to Note 19 for further discussion regarding our fair value measurements.

Loans Held-for-Investment

Loans that are held for investment are carried at cost, net of unamortized acquisition premiums or discounts, loan fees, and origination costs as applicable, unless the loans are credit deteriorated or we have elected to apply the fair value option at purchase.

Loans Held-For-Sale

Our loans that we intend to sell or liquidate in the short-term are classified as held-for-sale and are carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value, unless we have elected to apply the fair value option at origination or purchase.

Credit Losses

Loans and Debt Securities Measured at Amortized Cost

ASC 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, became effective for the Company on January 1, 2020. ASC 326 mandates the use of a current expected credit loss model (“CECL”) for estimating future credit losses of certain financial instruments measured at amortized cost, instead of the “incurred loss” credit model previously required under GAAP. The CECL model requires the consideration of possible credit losses over the life of an instrument as opposed to only estimating credit losses upon the occurrence of a discrete loss event under the previous “incurred loss” methodology. The CECL model applies to our loans held-for-investment (“HFI”) and our held-to-maturity (“HTM”) debt securities which are carried at amortized cost, including future funding commitments and accrued interest receivable related to those loans and securities. However, as permitted by ASC 326, we have elected not to measure an allowance for credit losses on accrued interest receivable (which is classified separately on our condensed consolidated balance sheet), but rather write off in a timely manner by reversing interest income and/or cease accruing interest that would likely be uncollectible. Our adoption of the CECL model resulted in a $32.3 million increase to our total allowance for credit losses, which was recognized as a cumulative-effect adjustment to accumulated deficit as of January 1, 2020.

We also evaluate each loan and security measured at amortized cost for credit deterioration at least quarterly. Credit deterioration occurs when it is deemed probable that we will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan or security. If a loan or security is considered to be credit deteriorated, we depart from the industry loss rate approach described above and determine the credit loss allowance as any excess of the amortized cost basis of the loan or security over (i) the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the contractual effective interest rate or (ii) the fair value of the collateral, if repayment is expected solely from the collateral.

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Available-for-Sale Debt Securities

Separate provisions of ASC 326 apply to our available-for-sale (“AFS”) debt securities, which are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”). We are required to establish an initial credit loss allowance for those securities that are purchased with credit deterioration (“PCD”) by grossing up the amortized cost basis of each security and providing an offsetting credit loss allowance for the difference between expected cash flows and contractual cash flows, both on a present value basis. As of the January 1, 2020 effective date, no such credit loss allowance gross-up was required on our AFS debt securities with PCD due to their individual unrealized gain positions as of that date.

Subsequently, cumulative adverse changes in expected cash flows on our AFS debt securities are recognized currently as an increase to the allowance for credit losses. However, the allowance is limited to the amount by which the AFS debt security’s amortized cost exceeds its fair value. Favorable changes in expected cash flows are first recognized as a decrease to the allowance for credit losses (recognized currently in earnings). Such changes would be recognized as a prospective yield adjustment only when the allowance for credit losses is reduced to zero. A change in expected cash flows that is attributable solely to a change in a variable interest reference rate does not result in a credit loss and is accounted for as a prospective yield adjustment.

Goodwill

ASU 2017-04, Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) – Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, became effective for the Company on January 1, 2020. This ASU specifies that goodwill impairment be measured as the excess of the reporting unit’s carrying value (inclusive of goodwill) over its fair value, eliminating the requirement that all assets and liabilities of the reporting unit be remeasured individually in connection with measurement of goodwill impairment.

Revenue Recognition

Interest Income

Interest income on performing loans and financial instruments is accrued based on the outstanding principal amount and contractual terms of the instrument. For loans where we do not elect the fair value option, origination fees and direct loan origination costs are also recognized in interest income over the loan term as a yield adjustment using the effective interest method. When we elect the fair value option, origination fees and direct loan costs are recorded directly in income and are not deferred. Discounts or premiums associated with the purchase of non-performing loans and investment securities are amortized or accreted into interest income as a yield adjustment on the effective interest method, based on expected cash flows through the expected maturity date of the investment. On at least a quarterly basis, we review and, if appropriate, make adjustments to our cash flow projections.

We cease accruing interest on non-performing loans at the earlier of (i) the loan becoming significantly past due or (ii) management concluding that a full recovery of all interest and principal is doubtful. Interest income on non-accrual loans in which management expects a full recovery of the loan’s outstanding principal balance is only recognized when received in cash. If a full recovery of principal is doubtful, the cost recovery method is applied whereby any cash received is applied to the outstanding principal balance of the loan. A non-accrual loan is returned to accrual status at such time as the loan becomes contractually current and management believes all future principal and interest will be received according to the contractual loan terms.

For loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality, interest income is only recognized to the extent that our estimate of undiscounted expected principal and interest exceeds our investment in the loan. Such excess, if any, is recognized as interest income on a level-yield basis over the life of the loan.

Upon the sale of loans or securities which are not accounted for pursuant to the fair value option, the excess (or deficiency) of net proceeds over the net carrying value of such loans or securities is recognized as a realized gain (loss).

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Servicing Fees

We typically seek to be the special servicer on CMBS transactions in which we invest. When we are appointed to serve in this capacity, we earn special servicing fees from the related activities performed, which consist primarily of overseeing the workout of under-performing and non-performing loans underlying the CMBS transactions. These fees are recognized in income in the period in which the services are performed and the revenue recognition criteria have been met.

Rental Income

Rental income is recognized when earned from tenants. For leases that provide rent concessions or fixed escalations over the lease term, rental income is recognized on a straight-line basis over the noncancelable term of the lease. In net lease arrangements, costs reimbursable from tenants are recognized in rental income in the period in which the related expenses are incurred as we are generally the primary obligor with respect to purchasing goods and services for property operations. In instances where the tenant is responsible for property maintenance and repairs and contracts and settles such costs directly with third party service providers, we do not reflect those expenses in our consolidated statement of operations as the tenant is the primary obligor.

Earnings Per Share

We present both basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) amounts in our financial statements. Basic EPS excludes dilution and is computed by dividing income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the maximum potential dilution that could occur from (i) our share-based compensation, consisting of unvested restricted stock (“RSAs”) and restricted stock units (“RSUs”), (ii) shares contingently issuable to our Manager, (iii) the conversion options associated with our outstanding convertible senior notes (the “Convertible Notes”) (see Notes 10 and 17) and (iv) non-controlling interests that are redeemable with our common stock (see Note 16). Potential dilutive shares are excluded from the calculation if they have an anti-dilutive effect in the period.

Nearly all of the Company’s unvested RSUs and RSAs contain rights to receive non-forfeitable dividends and thus are participating securities. In addition, the non-controlling interests that are redeemable with our common stock are considered participating securities because they earn a preferred return indexed to the dividend rate on our common stock (see Note 16). Due to the existence of these participating securities, the two-class method of computing EPS is required, unless another method is determined to be more dilutive. Under the two-class method, undistributed earnings are reallocated between shares of common stock and participating securities. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the two-class method resulted in the most dilutive EPS calculation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. The most significant and subjective estimate that we make is the projection of cash flows we expect to receive on our investments, which has a significant impact on the amount of income that we record and/or disclose. In addition, the fair value of financial assets and liabilities that are estimated using a discounted cash flows method is significantly impacted by the rates at which we estimate market participants would discount the expected cash flows.

In December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus (“COVID-19”) was reported to have surfaced in Wuhan, China. COVID-19 has since spread to over 200 countries and territories, including every state in the U.S and in cities and regions where our corporate headquarters and/or properties that secure our investments, or properties that we own, are located, and is continuing to spread. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic, and since then, numerous countries, including the U.S., have declared national emergencies with respect to COVID-19 and have instituted “stay-at-home” guidelines or orders to help prevent its spread. Such actions are creating disruption in global supply chains, increasing rates of unemployment and adversely impacting many industries. The outbreak could have a continued adverse impact on economic and market conditions and trigger a period of global economic slowdown. The rapid development and fluidity of this situation precludes any prediction as to the ultimate adverse impact of COVID-19 on economic and market conditions. We believe the estimates and assumptions underlying

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our consolidated financial statements are reasonable and supportable based on the information available as of September 30, 2020. However, uncertainty over the ultimate impact COVID-19 will have on the global economy generally, and our business in particular, makes any estimates and assumptions as of September 30, 2020 inherently less certain than they would be absent the current and potential impacts of COVID-19. Actual results may ultimately differ from those estimates.

Recent Accounting Developments

On March 12, 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) – Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, which provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions that reference LIBOR or other reference rates expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform. This ASU is effective as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. The Company has not adopted any of the optional expedients or exceptions through September 30, 2020, but will continue to evaluate the possible adoption of any such expedients or exceptions during the effective period as circumstances evolve.

On August 5, 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging— Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40), which removes certain separation models for convertible debt instruments and convertible preferred stock that require the separation into a debt component and an equity or derivative component. Consequently, a convertible debt instrument will be accounted for as a single liability measured at its amortized cost and a convertible preferred stock will be accounted for as a single equity instrument measured at its historical cost, as long as no other features require bifurcation and recognition as derivatives and the convertible instruments are not issued with substantial premiums accounted for as paid-in capital. By removing those separation models, the interest rate of convertible debt instruments typically will be closer to the coupon interest rate. ASU 2020-06 also revises the derivative scope exception for contracts in an entity’s own equity and improves the consistency of EPS calculations. This ASU is effective for larger public business entities’ annual periods, and interim periods therein, beginning after December 15, 2021. Early application is permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. We expect to early adopt this ASU effective January 1, 2021 through the modified retrospective method of transition, resulting in a cumulative adjustment to our beginning accumulated deficit as of that date related to our outstanding Convertible Notes. We do not expect the application of this ASU, including the cumulative adjustment upon adoption, to materially impact our consolidated financial statements.

3. Acquisitions and Divestitures

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we had no significant acquisitions of properties or businesses.

Investing and Servicing Segment Property Portfolio

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we sold a property within the Investing and Servicing Segment for $24.1 million. In connection with this sale, we recognized a gain of $7.4 million within gain on sale of investments and other assets in our condensed consolidated statement of operations. There were no significant sales of properties during the three months ended September 30, 2020.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, we sold a property within the Investing and Servicing Segment for $51.5 million. In connection with this sale, we recognized a gain of $20.7 million within gain on sale of investments and other assets in our condensed consolidated statements of operations, of which $4.0 million was attributable to non-controlling interests.

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4. Loans

Our loans held-for-investment are accounted for at amortized cost and our loans held-for-sale are accounted for at the lower of cost or fair value, unless we have elected the fair value option for either. The following tables summarize our investments in mortgages and loans as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands):


							Weighted
					Weighted		Average Life
	Carrying		Face		Average		(“WAL”)
September 30, 2020	Value		Amount		Coupon (1)		(years)(2)
Loans held-for-investment:
Commercial loans:
First mortgages (3)	$	8,525,273	$	8,548,916	5.3	%	1.6
Subordinated mortgages (4)		69,835		70,979	8.8	%	3.0
Mezzanine loans (3)		588,116		587,223	10.3	%	1.6
Other		30,548		34,043	8.9	%	2.0
Total commercial loans		9,213,772		9,241,161
Infrastructure first priority loans (6)		1,558,220		1,578,030	4.2	%	4.3
Residential mortgage loans, fair value option (5)		256,407		249,323	6.2	%	3.4
Total loans held-for-investment		11,028,399		11,068,514
Loans held-for-sale:
Residential, fair value option (5)		747,654		742,106	6.0	%	3.4
Commercial, fair value option		265,019		266,370	4.1	%	10.0
Total loans held-for-sale		1,012,673		1,008,476
Total gross loans		12,041,072	$	12,076,990
Credit loss allowances:
Commercial loans held-for-investment		(95,595)
Infrastructure loans held-for-investment		(14,152)
Total allowances		(109,747)
Total net loans	$	11,931,325

December 31, 2019
Loans held-for-investment:
Commercial loans:
First mortgages (3)	$	7,928,026	$	7,962,788	5.8	%	2.0
Subordinated mortgages (4)		75,724		77,055	8.8	%	3.4
Mezzanine loans (3)		484,164		484,408	11.0	%	1.9
Other		62,555		66,525	8.2	%	1.6
Total commercial loans		8,550,469		8,590,776
Infrastructure first priority loans		1,397,448		1,416,164	5.6	%	4.9
Residential mortgage loans, fair value option		671,572		654,925	6.1	%	3.8
Total loans held-for-investment		10,619,489		10,661,865
Loans held-for-sale:
Residential, fair value option		605,384		587,144	6.2	%	3.9
Commercial, fair value option		159,238		160,635	3.9	%	10.0
Infrastructure, lower of cost or fair value		119,724		121,271	3.3	%	2.1
Total loans held-for-sale		884,346		869,050
Total gross loans		11,503,835	$	11,530,915
Credit loss allowances:
Commercial loans held-for-investment		(33,415)
Infrastructure loans held-for-investment		—
Total held-for-investment allowances		(33,415)
Infrastructure loans held-for-sale with a fair value allowance		(196)
Total allowances		(33,611)
Total net loans	$	11,470,224

(1)	Calculated using LIBOR or other applicable index rates as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 for variable rate loans.

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(2)	Represents the WAL of each respective group of loans as of the respective balance sheet date. The WAL of each individual loan is calculated using amounts and timing of future principal payments, as projected at origination or acquisition.

(3)

First mortgages include first mortgage loans and any contiguous mezzanine loan components because as a whole, the expected credit quality of these loans is more similar to that of a first mortgage loan. The application of this methodology resulted in mezzanine loans with carrying values of $896.8 million and $967.0 million being classified as first mortgages as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

(4)	Subordinated mortgages include B-Notes and junior participation in first mortgages where we do not own the senior A-Note or senior participation. If we own both the A-Note and B-Note, we categorize the loan as a first mortgage loan.

(5)	During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, $422.7 million of residential loans held-for-investment were reclassified into loans held-for-sale.

(6)	During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, $104.3 million of infrastructure loans held-for-sale were reclassified into loans held-for-investment and $26.3 million of infrastructure loans held-for-investment were reclassified into loans held-for-sale.

As of September 30, 2020, our variable rate loans held-for-investment were as follows (dollars in thousands):


	Carrying		Weighted-average
September 30, 2020	Value		Spread Above Index
Commercial loans	$	8,568,112	4.2	%
Infrastructure loans		1,558,220	3.8	%
Total variable rate loans held-for-investment	$	10,126,332	4.1	%

Credit Loss Allowances

As discussed in Note 2, we do not have a history of realized credit losses on our HFI loans and HTM securities, so we have subscribed to third party database services to provide us with industry losses for both commercial real estate and infrastructure loans. Using these losses as a benchmark, we determine expected credit losses for our loans and securities on a collective basis within our commercial real estate and infrastructure portfolios.

For our commercial loans, we utilize a loan loss model that is widely used among banks and commercial mortgage REITs and is marketed by a leading CMBS data analytics provider. It employs logistic regression to forecast expected losses at the loan level based on a commercial real estate loan securitization database that contains activity dating back to 1998. We provide specific loan-level inputs which include loan-to-stabilized-value (LTV) and debt service coverage ratio (DSCR) metrics, as well as principal balances, property type, location, coupon, origination year, term, subordination, expected repayment dates and future fundings. We also select from a group of independent five-year macroeconomic forecasts included in the model that are updated regularly based on current economic trends. We categorize the results by LTV range, which we consider the most significant indicator of credit quality for our commercial loans, as set forth in the credit quality indicator table below. A lower LTV ratio typically indicates a lower credit loss risk.

During the three months ended September 30, 2020, each of the macroeconomic forecasts in our model indicated a substantial macroeconomic recovery from the three months ended June 30, 2020, with growth expected to continue into the next five years. These macroeconomic forecasts do not differentiate among property types or asset classes. Instead, these forecasts reference general macroeconomic growth factors which apply broadly across all assets. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a more negative impact on certain property types, principally retail and hospitality, which have withstood extended government mandated closures, and more recently office, which is experiencing lower demand due to remote working arrangements. The broad macroeconomic forecasts do not account

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for such differentiation. Accordingly, we have selected a more adverse macroeconomic recovery forecast related to these property types in determining our credit loss allowance.

For our infrastructure loans, we utilize a database of historical infrastructure loan performance that is shared among a consortium of banks and other lenders and compiled by a major bond credit rating agency. The database is representative of industry-wide project finance activity dating back to 1983. We derive historical loss rates from the database filtered by industry, sub-industry, term and construction status for each of our infrastructure loans. Those historical loss rates reflect global economic cycles over a long period of time as well as average recovery rates. However, due to limited information in the first 20 years covered by the database, we have further applied a recessionary multiplier to those historical loss rates as of September 30, 2020. For the first six months of 2020, the multiplier was determined with reference to the 2008 financial crisis, where the magnitude of economic distress within infrastructure lending seemed to correlate to the economic deterioration caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. During the three months ended September 30, 2020, the stronger market liquidity and deal flow experienced within infrastructure lending seemed to correlate to 2011, when this market began emerging from the 2008 crisis. As such, the multiplier for this period was determined with reference to 2011. We categorize the results between the power and oil and gas industries, which we consider the most significant indicator of credit quality for our infrastructure loans, as set forth in the credit quality indicator table below.

As discussed in Note 2, we use a discounted cash flow or collateral value approach, rather than the industry loan loss approach described above, to determine credit loss allowances for any credit deteriorated loans.

We regularly evaluate the extent and impact of any credit deterioration associated with the performance and/or value of the underlying collateral, as well as the financial and operating capability of the borrower. Specifically, the collateral’s operating results and any cash reserves are analyzed and used to assess (i) whether cash flow from operations is sufficient to cover the debt service requirements currently and into the future, (ii) the ability of the borrower to refinance the loan and/or (iii) the collateral’s liquidation value. We also evaluate the financial wherewithal of any loan guarantors as well as the borrower’s competency in managing and operating the collateral. In addition, we consider the overall economic environment, real estate or industry sector, and geographic sub-market in which the borrower operates. Such analyses are completed and reviewed by asset management and finance personnel who utilize various data sources, including (i) periodic financial data such as property operating statements, occupancy, tenant profile, rental rates, operating expenses, the borrower’s exit plan, and capitalization and discount rates, (ii) site inspections and (iii) current credit spreads and discussions with market participants.

The significant credit quality indicators for our loans measured at amortized cost, which excludes loans held-for-sale, were as follows as of September 30, 2020 (dollars in thousands):


	Term Loans												Revolving Loans		Total		Credit
	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year												Amortized Cost		Amortized		Loss
As of September 30, 2020	2020		2019		2018		2017		2016		Prior		Total		Cost Basis		Allowance
Commercial loans:
Credit quality indicator:
LTV < 60%	$	618,232	$	1,084,103	$	977,021	$	1,031,872	$	154,198	$	215,747	$	—	$	4,081,173	$	11,751
LTV 60% - 70%		138,058		1,469,532		1,653,299		35,931		53,450		191,211		—		3,541,481		35,691
LTV > 70%		384,045		582,334		243,452		140,914		—		75,250		—		1,425,995		18,300
Credit deteriorated		—		—		28,986		7,755		—		105,589		—		142,330		29,853
Defeased and other		—		—		—		—		—		22,793		—		22,793		—
Total commercial	$	1,140,335	$	3,135,969	$	2,902,758	$	1,216,472	$	207,648	$	610,590	$	—	$	9,213,772	$	95,595
Infrastructure loans:
Credit quality indicator:
Power	$	—	$	246,675	$	300,909	$	148,159	$	188,331	$	312,176	$	23,413	$	1,219,663	$	7,692
Oil and gas		—		234,119		102,822		—		—		—		1,616		338,557		6,460
Total infrastructure	$	—	$	480,794	$	403,731	$	148,159	$	188,331	$	312,176	$	25,029	$	1,558,220	$	14,152
Residential loans held-for-investment, fair value option																256,407		—
Loans held-for-sale																1,012,673		—
Total gross loans															$	12,041,072	$	109,747

As of September 30, 2020, we had credit deteriorated commercial loans with an amortized cost basis of $142.3 million. These loans were on nonaccrual status, with the cost recovery method of interest income recognition applied. In

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addition to $113.4 million of these loans, we had a $173.3 million commercial loan and $13.4 million of residential loans that were 90 days or greater past due at September 30, 2020. Any loans which are modified to provide for the deferral of interest are not considered past due and are accounted for in accordance with our revenue recognition policy on interest income.

The following tables present the activity in our credit loss allowance for funded loans and unfunded commitments (amounts in thousands):


	Funded Commitments Credit Loss Allowance
					Loans
	Loans Held-for-Investment				Held-for-Sale		Total
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020	Commercial		Infrastructure		Infrastructure		Funded Loans
Credit loss allowance at December 31, 2019	$	33,415	$	—	$	196	$	33,611
Cumulative effect of ASC 326 effective January 1, 2020		10,112		10,328		—		20,440
Credit loss provision (reversal), net		53,110		3,824		(125)		56,809
Charge-offs		(1,042)		—		(71)		(1,113)
Recoveries		—		—		—		—
Credit loss allowance at September 30, 2020	$	95,595	$	14,152	$	—	$	109,747


	Unfunded Commitments Credit Loss Allowance (1)
	Loans Held-for-Investment				HTM Preferred
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020	Commercial		Infrastructure		Interests (2)		Total
Credit loss allowance at December 31, 2019	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Cumulative effect of ASC 326 effective January 1, 2020		8,348		2,205		—		10,553
Credit loss reversal, net		(3,156)		(664)		—		(3,820)
Credit loss allowance at September 30, 2020	$	5,192	$	1,541	$	—	$	6,733
Memo: Unfunded commitments as of September 30, 2020 (3)	$	1,630,823	$	95,421	$	—	$	1,726,244

(1)	Included in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheet.

(2)	See Note 5 for further details.

(3)	Represents amounts expected to be funded (see Note 21).

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Loan Portfolio Activity

The activity in our loan portfolio was as follows (amounts in thousands):


	Held-for-Investment Loans
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020	Commercial		Infrastructure		Residential		Held-for-Sale Loans		Total Loans
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	8,517,054	$	1,397,448	$	671,572	$	884,150	$	11,470,224
Cumulative effect of ASC 326 effective January 1, 2020		(10,112)		(10,328)		—		—		(20,440)
Acquisitions/originations/additional funding		2,090,964		177,247		100,720		1,800,018		4,168,949
Capitalized interest (1)		105,329		48		��		—		105,377
Basis of loans sold (2)		(397,038)		—		(604)		(2,035,770)		(2,433,412)
Loan maturities/principal repayments		(1,148,317)		(96,150)		(76,025)		(75,632)		(1,396,124)
Discount accretion/premium amortization		28,686		1,672		—		110		30,468
Changes in fair value		—		—		(16,565)		96,265		79,700
Unrealized foreign currency translation loss		(15,279)		(38)		—		(1,291)		(16,608)
Credit loss (provision) reversal, net		(53,110)		(3,824)		—		125		(56,809)
Transfer to/from other asset classifications		—		77,993		(422,691)		344,698		—
Balance at September 30, 2020	$	9,118,177	$	1,544,068	$	256,407	$	1,012,673	$	11,931,325


							Loans
							Transferred
	Held-for-Investment Loans						As Secured
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019	Commercial		Infrastructure		Held-for-Sale Loans		Borrowings		Total Loans
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	7,075,577	$	1,456,779	$	1,187,552	$	74,346	$	9,794,254
Acquisitions/originations/additional funding		2,489,120		387,599		2,731,110		—		5,607,829
Capitalized interest (1)		79,869		—		—		—		79,869
Basis of loans sold (2)		(548,329)		—		(2,164,908)		—		(2,713,237)
Loan maturities/principal repayments		(1,695,388)		(563,736)		(95,262)		(74,692)		(2,429,078)
Discount accretion/premium amortization		22,674		1,173		—		346		24,193
Changes in fair value		1,496		—		64,182		—		65,678
Unrealized foreign currency translation (loss) gain		(37,473)		—		282		—		(37,191)
Credit loss provision, net		(2,046)		—		(1,196)		—		(3,242)
Loan foreclosures		(27,303)		—		—		—		(27,303)
Transfer to/from other asset classifications		279,641		—		(279,641)		—		—
Balance at September 30, 2019	$	7,637,838	$	1,281,815	$	1,442,119	$	—	$	10,361,772

(1) Represents accrued interest income on loans whose terms do not require current payment of interest.

(2) See Note 11 for additional disclosure on these transactions.

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5. Investment Securities

Investment securities were comprised of the following as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (amounts in thousands):


	Carrying Value as of
	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
RMBS, available-for-sale	$	170,270	$	189,576
RMBS, fair value option (1)		373,682		147,034
CMBS, fair value option (1), (2)		1,194,191		1,295,363
HTM debt securities, amortized cost net of credit loss allowance of $6,425 and $0		541,296		570,638
Equity security, fair value		10,058		12,664
Subtotal—Investment securities		2,289,497		2,215,275
VIE eliminations (1)		(1,544,384)		(1,405,037)
Total investment securities	$	745,113	$	810,238

(1)	Certain fair value option CMBS and RMBS are eliminated in consolidation against VIE liabilities pursuant to ASC 810.

(2)	Includes $178.6 million and $186.6 million of non-controlling interests in the consolidated entities which hold certain of these CMBS as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

Purchases, sales and principal collections for all investment securities were as follows (amounts in thousands):


	RMBS,		RMBS, fair		CMBS, fair		HTM		Securitization
	available-for-sale		value option		value option		Securities		VIEs (1)		Total
Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
Purchases/fundings	$	—	$	43,083	$	—	$	6,288	$	(43,083)	$	6,288
Principal collections		6,063		12,132		8,265		11,203		(20,185)		17,478
Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
Purchases	$	—	$	52,845	$	10,214	$	—	$	(57,894)	$	5,165
Sales		—		—		49,725		—		(49,725)		—
Principal collections		7,445		4,680		15,859		35,069		(17,196)		45,857


	RMBS,		RMBS, fair		CMBS, fair		HTM		Securitization
	available-for-sale		value option		value option		Securities		VIEs (1)		Total
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
Purchases/fundings	$	—	$	257,808	$	7,661	$	22,408	$	(265,469)	$	22,408
Sales		—		—		32,316		—		(24,376)		7,940
Principal collections		18,626		32,236		25,715		48,554		(57,174)		67,957
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Purchases	$	—	$	79,117	$	62,427	$	—	$	(136,379)	$	5,165
Sales		—		41,501		112,426		—		(149,949)		3,978
Principal collections		20,222		9,772		37,768		89,737		(38,607)		118,892

(1)	Represents RMBS and CMBS, fair value option amounts eliminated due to our consolidation of securitization VIEs. These amounts are reflected as issuance or repayment of debt of, or distributions from, consolidated VIEs in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

RMBS, Available-for-Sale

The Company classified all of its RMBS not eliminated in consolidation as available-for-sale as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. These RMBS are reported at fair value in the balance sheet with changes in fair value recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”).

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The tables below summarize various attributes of our investments in available-for-sale RMBS as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (amounts in thousands):


							Unrealized Gains or (Losses)
							Recognized in AOCI
			Credit				Gross		Gross		Net
	Amortized		Loss		Net		Unrealized		Unrealized		Fair Value
	Cost		Allowance		Basis		Gains		Losses		Adjustment		Fair Value
September 30, 2020
RMBS	$	127,921	$	—	$	127,921	$	42,523	$	(174)	$	42,349	$	170,270
December 31, 2019
RMBS	$	138,580		N/A	$	138,580	$	51,310	$	(314)	$	50,996	$	189,576


	Weighted Average Coupon (1)		Weighted Average Rating	WAL (Years) (2)
September 30, 2020
RMBS	1.5	%	B+	5.7
December 31, 2019
RMBS	3.1	%	BB-	5.6

(1)	Calculated using the September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 one-month LIBOR rate of 0.1483% and 1.763%, respectively, for floating rate securities.

(2)	Represents the remaining WAL of each respective group of securities as of the respective balance sheet date. The WAL of each individual security is calculated using projected amounts and projected timing of future principal payments.

As of September 30, 2020, approximately $144.5 million, or 84.9%, of RMBS were variable rate and paid interest at LIBOR plus a weighted average spread of 1.26%. As of December 31, 2019, approximately $160.9 million, or 84.9%, of RMBS were variable rate and paid interest at LIBOR plus a weighted average spread of 1.24%. We purchased all of the RMBS at a discount, a portion of which is accreted into income over the expected remaining life of the security. The majority of the income from this strategy is earned from the accretion of this accretable discount.

We have engaged a third party manager who specializes in RMBS to execute the trading of RMBS, the cost of which was $0.3 million for both the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $1.0 million and $1.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, recorded as management fees in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The following table presents the gross unrealized losses and estimated fair value of any available-for-sale securities that were in an unrealized loss position as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded (amounts in thousands):


	Estimated Fair Value				Unrealized Losses
	Securities with a		Securities with a		Securities with a		Securities with a
	loss less than		loss greater than		loss less than		loss greater than
	12 months		12 months		12 months		12 months
As of September 30, 2020
RMBS	$	412	$	1,194	$	(45)	$	(129)
As of December 31, 2019
RMBS	$	—	$	1,380	$	—	$	(314)

As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were 2 securities and 1 security, respectively, with unrealized losses reflected in the table above. After evaluating the securities and recording adjustments for credit losses, we concluded that the remaining unrealized losses reflected above were noncredit-related and would be recovered from the securities’ estimated future cash flows. We considered a number of factors in reaching this conclusion, including that we did not intend to sell the securities, it was not considered more likely than not that we would be forced to sell the securities prior to recovering our amortized cost, and there were no material credit events that would have caused us to otherwise conclude that we would not recover our cost. Credit losses are calculated by comparing (i) the estimated future cash flows of each security discounted at the yield determined as of the initial acquisition date or, if

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since revised, as of the last date previously revised, to (ii) our net amortized cost basis. Significant judgment is used in projecting cash flows for our non-agency RMBS. As a result, actual income and/or credit losses could be materially different from what is currently projected and/or reported.

CMBS and RMBS, Fair Value Option

As discussed in the “Fair Value Option” section of Note 2 herein, we elect the fair value option for certain CMBS and RMBS in an effort to eliminate accounting mismatches resulting from the current or potential consolidation of securitization VIEs. As of September 30, 2020, the fair value and unpaid principal balance of CMBS where we have elected the fair value option, excluding the notional value of interest-only securities and before consolidation of securitization VIEs, were $1.2 billion and $2.7 billion, respectively. As of September 30, 2020, the fair value and unpaid principal balance of RMBS where we have elected the fair value option, excluding the notional value of interest-only securities and before consolidation of securitization VIEs, were $373.7 million and $275.8 million, respectively. The $1.6 billion total fair value balance of CMBS and RMBS represents our economic interests in these assets. However, as a result of our consolidation of securitization VIEs, the vast majority of this fair value (all except $23.5 million at September 30, 2020) is eliminated against VIE liabilities before arriving at our GAAP balance for fair value option investment securities.

As of September 30, 2020, $96.9 million of our CMBS were variable rate and NaN of our RMBS were variable rate.

HTM Debt Securities, Amortized Cost

The table below summarizes our investments in HTM debt securities as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (amounts in thousands):


	Amortized		Credit Loss		Net Carrying		Gross Unrealized		Gross Unrealized
	Cost Basis		Allowance		Amount		Holding Gains		Holding Losses		Fair Value
September 30, 2020
CMBS	$	338,984	$	—	$	338,984	$	—	$	(23,277)	$	315,707
Preferred interests		165,952		(3,453)		162,499		—		(5,550)		156,949
Infrastructure bonds		42,785		(2,972)		39,813		352		(13)		40,152
Total	$	547,721	$	(6,425)	$	541,296	$	352	$	(28,840)	$	512,808

December 31, 2019
CMBS	$	383,473	$	—	$	383,473	$	946	$	(3,001)	$	381,418
Preferred interests		142,012		—		142,012		1,148		(353)		142,807
Infrastructure bonds		45,153		—		45,153		—		(651)		44,502
Total	$	570,638	$	—	$	570,638	$	2,094	$	(4,005)	$	568,727

The following table presents the activity in our credit loss allowance for HTM debt securities (amounts in thousands):


					Total HTM
	Preferred		Infrastructure		Credit Loss
	Interests		Bonds		Allowance
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
Credit loss allowance at December 31, 2019	$	—	$	—	$	—
Cumulative effect of ASC 326 effective January 1, 2020:
Beginning accumulated deficit charge		1,114		179		1,293
Gross-up of PCD bond amortized cost basis		—		2,837		2,837
Credit loss provision, net		2,339		(44)		2,295
Credit loss allowance at September 30, 2020	$	3,453	$	2,972	$	6,425

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The table below summarizes the maturities of our HTM debt securities by type as of September 30, 2020 (amounts in thousands):


			Preferred		Infrastructure
	CMBS		Interests		Bonds		Total
Less than one year	$	268,084	$	—	$	2,632	$	270,716
One to three years		70,900		141,000		—		211,900
Three to five years		—		21,499		—		21,499
Thereafter		—		—		37,181		37,181
Total	$	338,984	$	162,499	$	39,813	$	541,296

Equity Security, Fair Value Option

During 2012, we acquired 9,140,000 ordinary shares from a related-party in Starwood European Real Estate Finance Limited (“SEREF”), a debt fund that is externally managed by an affiliate of our Manager and is listed on the London Stock Exchange. The fair value of the investment remeasured in USD was $10.1 million and $12.7 million as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. As of September 30, 2020, our shares represent an approximate 2% interest in SEREF.

6. Properties

Our properties are held within the following portfolios:

Woodstar I Portfolio

The Woodstar I Portfolio is comprised of 32 affordable housing communities with 8,948 units concentrated primarily in the Tampa, Orlando and West Palm Beach metropolitan areas. During the year ended December 31, 2015, we acquired 18 of the 32 affordable housing communities of the Woodstar I Portfolio with the final 14 communities acquired during the year ended December 31, 2016. The Woodstar I Portfolio includes total gross properties and lease intangibles of $634.0 million and debt of $572.2 million as of September 30, 2020.

Woodstar II Portfolio

The Woodstar II Portfolio is comprised of 27 affordable housing communities with 6,109 units concentrated primarily in Central and South Florida. We acquired 8 of the 27 affordable housing communities in December 2017, with the final 19 communities acquired during the year ended December 31, 2018. The Woodstar II Portfolio includes total gross properties and lease intangibles of $607.7 million and debt of $437.0 million as of September 30, 2020.

Medical Office Portfolio

The Medical Office Portfolio is comprised of 34 medical office buildings acquired during the year ended December 31, 2016. These properties, which collectively comprise 1.9 million square feet, are geographically dispersed throughout the U.S. and primarily affiliated with major hospitals or located on or adjacent to major hospital campuses. The Medical Office Portfolio includes total gross properties and lease intangibles of $760.1 million and debt of $591.9 million as of September 30, 2020.

Master Lease Portfolio

The Master Lease Portfolio is comprised of 16 retail properties geographically dispersed throughout the U.S., with more than 50% of the portfolio, by carrying value, located in Florida, Texas and Minnesota. These properties, which we acquired in September 2017, collectively comprise 1.9 million square feet and were leased back to the seller under corporate guaranteed master net lease agreements with initial terms of 24.6 years and periodic rent escalations. The Master Lease Portfolio includes total gross properties of $343.8 million and debt of $192.6 million as of September 30, 2020.

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Investing and Servicing Segment Property Portfolio

The Investing and Servicing Segment Property Portfolio (“REIS Equity Portfolio”) is comprised of 15 commercial real estate properties and 1 equity interest in an unconsolidated commercial real estate property which were acquired from CMBS trusts during the previous five years. The REIS Equity Portfolio includes total gross properties and lease intangibles of $266.5 million and debt of $169.2 million as of September 30, 2020.

The table below summarizes our properties held as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands):


	Depreciable Life	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Property Segment
Land and land improvements	0 – 15 years	$	484,722	$	484,397
Buildings and building improvements	5 – 45 years		1,689,004		1,687,756
Furniture & fixtures	3 – 7 years		57,894		52,567
Investing and Servicing Segment
Land and land improvements	0 – 15 years		50,789		54,052
Buildings and building improvements	3 – 40 years		175,676		182,048
Furniture & fixtures	2 – 5 years		2,513		2,139
Commercial and Residential Lending Segment (1)
Land and land improvements	0 – 10 years		11,416		11,386
Buildings and building improvements	10 – 23 years		17,424		16,285
Properties, cost			2,489,438		2,490,630
Less: accumulated depreciation			(281,616)		(224,190)
Properties, net		$	2,207,822	$	2,266,440

(1)	Represents properties acquired through loan foreclosure.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we sold an operating property within the REIS Equity Portfolio for $24.1 million. In connection with this sale, we recognized a gain of $7.4 million within gain on sale of investments and other assets in our condensed consolidated statement of operations. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, we sold 1 operating property for $51.5 million. In connection with this sale, we recognized a gain of $20.7 million within gain on sale of investments and other assets in our condensed consolidated statements of operations, of which $4.0 million was attributable to non-controlling interests.

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7. Investment in Unconsolidated Entities

The table below summarizes our investments in unconsolidated entities as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands):


	Participation /	Carrying value as of
	Ownership % (1)	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Equity method:
Retail Fund	33%	$	—	$	—
Equity interest in a natural gas power plant	10%		24,664		25,862
Investor entity which owns equity in an online real estate company	50%		9,382		9,473
Equity interests in commercial real estate	50%		1,742		1,907
Equity interest in and advances to a residential mortgage originator (2)	N/A		14,139		12,002
Various	25% - 50%		8,595		8,339
			58,522		57,583
Other:
Equity interest in a servicing and advisory business (3)	2%		17,584		—
Investment funds which own equity in a loan servicer and other real estate assets	4% - 6%		7,659		9,225
Various	0% - 2%		20,619		17,521
			45,862		26,746
		$	104,384	$	84,329

(1)	NaN of these investments are publicly traded and therefore quoted market prices are not available.

(2)	Includes a $4.5 million subordinated loan as of both September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

(3)

During the year ended December 31, 2019, we received a capital distribution of $8.4 million and our equity interest was reduced to 4% and the carrying value was reduced to 0. During April 2020, we sold 37% of our equity interest for $10.3 million in cash, reducing our interest to 2%. In connection with the sale, we recognized a gain of $10.3 million. Because the sale represented an observable price change in an orderly transaction, we also increased the value of our remaining investment to reflect its implied fair value. In doing so, we recognized a gain of $17.6 million. These amounts were recognized within earnings (loss) from unconsolidated entities in our condensed consolidated statement of operations during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

We own a 33% equity interest in a fund that owns 4 regional shopping malls (the “Retail Fund”). The fund is an investment company which measures its assets at fair value on a recurring basis. We report our interest in the Retail Fund on a three-month lag basis at its liquidation value. As of December 31, 2019, we impaired the remainder of our investment based on our estimate of unrealized decreases in the fair value of the underlying real estate properties. Such decreases were recognized by the Retail Fund during the period included in the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

As of September 30, 2020, the carrying value of our equity investment in a residential mortgage originator exceeded the underlying equity in net assets of such investee by $1.6 million. This difference is the result of the Company recording its investment in the investee at its acquisition date fair value, which included certain non-amortizing intangible assets not recognized by the investee. Should the Company determine these intangible assets held by the investee are impaired, the Company will recognize such impairment loss through earnings from unconsolidated entities in our consolidated statement of operations, otherwise, such difference between the carrying value of our equity investment in the residential mortgage originator and the underlying equity in the net assets of the residential mortgage originator will continue to exist.

Other than our equity interest in the residential mortgage originator, there were 0 differences between the carrying value of our equity method investments and the underlying equity in the net assets of the investees as of September 30, 2020.

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During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, we did not become aware of (i) any observable price changes in our other investments accounted for under the fair value practicability exception, except as described above with respect to the servicing and advisory business, or (ii) any indicators of impairment.

8. Goodwill and Intangibles

Goodwill

Goodwill is tested for impairment annually in the fourth quarter, or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. Management considered the general economic decline and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, but did not identify any such event or circumstances. However, future changes in the expectations of the impact of COVID-19 on our operations, financial performance and cash flows could cause our goodwill to be impaired.

Infrastructure Lending Segment

The Infrastructure Lending Segment’s goodwill of $119.4 million at both September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 represents the excess of consideration transferred over the fair value of net assets acquired on September 19, 2018 and October 15, 2018. The goodwill recognized is attributable to value embedded in the acquired Infrastructure Lending Segment’s lending platform.

LNR Property LLC (“LNR”)

The Investing and Servicing Segment’s goodwill of $140.4 million at both September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 represents the excess of consideration transferred over the fair value of net assets of LNR acquired on April 19, 2013. The goodwill recognized is attributable to value embedded in LNR’s existing platform, which includes a network of commercial real estate asset managers, work-out specialists, underwriters and administrative support professionals as well as proprietary historical performance data on commercial real estate assets.

Intangible Assets

Servicing Rights Intangibles

In connection with the LNR acquisition, we identified domestic servicing rights that existed at the purchase date, based upon the expected future cash flows of the associated servicing contracts. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the balance of the domestic servicing intangible was net of $38.2 million and $26.2 million, respectively, which was eliminated in consolidation pursuant to ASC 810 against VIE assets in connection with our consolidation of securitization VIEs. Before VIE consolidation, as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the domestic servicing intangible had a balance of $52.8 million and $43.2 million, respectively, which represents our economic interest in this asset.

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Lease Intangibles

In connection with our acquisitions of commercial real estate, we recognized in-place lease intangible assets and favorable lease intangible assets associated with certain non-cancelable operating leases of the acquired properties.

The following table summarizes our intangible assets, which are comprised of servicing rights intangibles and lease intangibles, as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (amounts in thousands):


	As of September 30, 2020						As of December 31, 2019
	Gross Carrying		Accumulated		Net Carrying		Gross Carrying		Accumulated		Net Carrying
	Value		Amortization		Value		Value		Amortization		Value
Domestic servicing rights, at fair value	$	14,589	$	—	$	14,589	$	16,917	$	—	$	16,917
In-place lease intangible assets		133,244		(90,318)		42,926		135,293		(84,383)		50,910
Favorable lease intangible assets		24,188		(7,564)		16,624		24,218		(6,345)		17,873
Total net intangible assets	$	172,021	$	(97,882)	$	74,139	$	176,428	$	(90,728)	$	85,700

The following table summarizes the activity within intangible assets for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 (amounts in thousands):


	Domestic		In-place Lease		Favorable Lease
	Servicing		Intangible		Intangible
	Rights		Assets		Assets		Total
Balance as of January 1, 2020	$	16,917	$	50,910	$	17,873	$	85,700
Amortization		—		(7,814)		(1,249)		(9,063)
Sales		—		(170)		—		(170)
Changes in fair value due to changes in inputs and assumptions		(2,328)		—		—		(2,328)
Balance as of September 30, 2020	$	14,589	$	42,926	$	16,624	$	74,139

The following table sets forth the estimated aggregate amortization of our in-place lease intangible assets and favorable lease intangible assets for the next five years and thereafter (amounts in thousands):


2020 (remainder of)	$	2,636
2021		9,644
2022		7,862
2023		6,115
2024		4,722
Thereafter		28,571
Total	$	59,550

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9. Secured Borrowings

Secured Financing Agreements

The following table is a summary of our secured financing agreements in place as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands):


													Outstanding Balance at
	Current		Extended		Weighted Average		Pledged Asset			Maximum			September 30,			December 31,
	Maturity		Maturity (a)		Pricing		Carrying Value			Facility Size			2020			2019
Repurchase Agreements:
Commercial Loans	May 2021 to Aug 2025	(b)	May 2023 to Mar 2029	(b)	(c)		$	6,643,722		$	8,747,538	(d)	$	4,556,665		$	3,640,620
Residential Loans	Jun 2022		N/A		LIBOR + 2.64%			37,046			400,000			23,866			11,835
Infrastructure Loans	Feb 2022		N/A		LIBOR + 2.00%			244,862			500,000			206,288			188,198
Conduit Loans	Feb 2021 to Jun 2023		Feb 2022 to Jun 2024		LIBOR + 1.93%			171,497			350,000			127,162			86,575
CMBS/RMBS	Oct 2020 to Dec 2029	(e)	Aug 2021 to Jun 2030	(e)	(f)			1,155,313			750,544			634,791	(g)		682,229
Total Repurchase Agreements								8,252,440			10,748,082			5,548,772			4,609,457
Other Secured Financing:
Borrowing Base Facility	Apr 2022		Apr 2024		LIBOR + 2.25%			50,194			650,000	(h)		37,594			198,955
Commercial Financing Facility	Mar 2022		Mar 2029		GBP LIBOR + 1.75%	��		95,077			76,721			76,721			—
Residential Financing Facility	Sep 2022		Sep 2025		3.50%			—			250,000			—			—
Infrastructure Acquisition Facility	Sep 2021		Sep 2022		(i)			710,572			701,370			572,382			603,642
Infrastructure Financing Facilities	Jul 2022 to Oct 2022		Oct 2024 to Jul 2027		LIBOR + 2.11%			583,319			1,250,000			464,487			428,206
Property Mortgages - Fixed rate	Nov 2024 to Aug 2052	(j)	N/A		4.00%			1,288,513			1,077,800			1,077,800			1,196,492
Property Mortgages - Variable rate	Nov 2021 to Jul 2030		N/A		(k)			926,495			927,300			908,906			696,503
Term Loan and Revolver	(l)		N/A		(l)			N/A	(l)		516,000			396,000			399,000
FHLB	Feb 2021		N/A		1.99%			948,409			1,600,000			619,500			867,870
Total Other Secured Financing								4,602,579			7,049,191			4,153,390			4,390,668
							$	12,855,019		$	17,797,273			9,702,162			9,000,125
Unamortized net discount														(9,908)			(8,347)
Unamortized deferred financing costs														(76,362)			(85,730)
													$	9,615,892		$	8,906,048

(a)

Subject to certain conditions as defined in the respective facility agreement.

(b)

For certain facilities, borrowings collateralized by loans existing at maturity may remain outstanding until such loan collateral matures, subject to certain specified conditions.

(c)

Certain facilities with an outstanding balance of $1.3 billion as of September 30, 2020 are indexed to GBP LIBOR and EURIBOR. The remainder have a weighted average rate of LIBOR + 2.02%.

(d)

The aggregate initial maximum facility size of $8.7 billion may be increased at our option, subject to certain conditions. This amount includes such upsizes.

(e)

Certain facilities with an outstanding balance of $285.9 million as of September 30, 2020 carry a rolling 11-month or 12-month term which may reset monthly or quarterly with the lender's consent. These facilities carry no maximum facility size.

(f)

A facility with an outstanding balance of $184.2 million as of September 30, 2020 has a fixed annual interest rate of 3.50%. All other facilities are variable rate with a weighted average rate of LIBOR + 1.57%.

(g)

Includes: (i) $184.2 million outstanding on a repurchase facility that is not subject to margin calls; and (ii) $41.3 million outstanding on one of our repurchase facilities that represents the 49% pro rata share owed by a non-controlling partner in a consolidated joint venture (see Note 14).

(h)

The initial maximum facility size of $300.0 million may be increased to $650.0 million, subject to certain conditions.

(i)

Consists of an annual interest rate of the applicable currency benchmark index + 2.00%.

(j)

The weighted average maturity is 7.0 years as of September 30, 2020.

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(k)

Includes a $600.0 million first mortgage and mezzanine loan secured by our Medical Office Portfolio. This debt has a weighted average interest rate of LIBOR + 2.07% that we swapped to a fixed rate of 3.34%. The remainder have a weighted average rate of LIBOR + 2.63%.

(l)

Consists of: (i) a $396.0 million term loan facility that matures in July 2026 with an annual interest rate of LIBOR + 2.50%; and (ii) a $120.0 million revolving credit facility that matures in July 2024 with an annual interest rate of LIBOR + 3.00%. These facilities are secured by the equity interests in certain of our subsidiaries which totaled $3.7 billion as of September 30, 2020.

In the normal course of business, the Company is in discussions with its lenders to extend or amend any financing facilities which contain near term expirations.

In January 2020, we entered into a CMBS/RMBS repurchase facility to finance certain CMBS investments within a consolidated joint venture in which we hold a 51% ownership interest. The facility carries a rolling 12-month term which may reset quarterly with the lender’s consent and an annual interest rate of three-month LIBOR + 1.35% to 1.85%. The facility’s maximum facility size is at the discretion of the lender. This facility does not permit valuation adjustments based on capital markets activity.

In February 2020, we amended a Commercial Loans repurchase facility to increase available borrowings by $200.0 million to $1.8 billion.

In March 2020, we amended an Infrastructure Financing Facility to increase available borrowings by $250.0 million to $750.0 million.

In March 2020, we entered into a Commercial Financing Facility to finance non-U.S. commercial loans held-for-investment. The facility carries a two-year initial term with 3 one-year extension options and includes an option to extend the maturity for each underlying asset for up to four additional years. The facility has an annual interest rate of GBP LIBOR + 1.75%. This facility shares up to $500.0 million of $2.0 billion of maximum borrowings with a Commercial Loans repurchase facility.

In June 2020, we amended a Residential Loans repurchase facility with a maximum facility size of $400.0 million to extend the current maturity from February 2021 to June 2022.

In June 2020, we amended a Commercial Loans repurchase facility and a Conduit Loans repurchase facility with an aggregate maximum facility size of $950.0 million to extend the current maturity from June 2022 to June 2023.

During the three months ended June 30, 2020, we entered into mortgage loans with total borrowings of $217.1 million to refinance our Woodstar I Portfolio. The loans carry ten-year terms and weighted average annual interest rates of LIBOR + 2.71%. A portion of the net proceeds from the mortgage loans was used to repay $117.0 million of outstanding government sponsored mortgage loans. We recognized a loss on extinguishment of debt of $2.2 million in our condensed consolidated statement of operations in connection with the repayment of the government sponsored mortgage loans.

During the three months ended September 30, 2020, we extended maturities by a period of one to two years on 7 facilities with an aggregate maximum facility size of $5.1 billion, including $4.6 billion related to commercial lending facilities and $500.0 million related to infrastructure lending facilities.

In September 2020, we entered into a Residential Loan Financing facility to finance residential loans held-for-sale. The facility carries a two-year initial term with the option to subsequently convert the loan to a three-year term loan. The facility has a maximum facility size of $250.0 million and an annual interest rate of the greater of 3.50% or one-month LIBOR + 2.75%. This facility does not permit valuation adjustments based on capital markets activity.

Our secured financing agreements contain certain financial tests and covenants. As of September 30, 2020, we were in compliance with all such covenants.

We seek to mitigate risks associated with our repurchase agreements by managing risk related to the credit quality of our assets, interest rates, liquidity, prepayment speeds and market value. The margin call provisions under the majority of our repurchase facilities, consisting of 75% of these agreements, do not permit valuation adjustments based

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on capital markets activity. Instead, margin calls on these facilities are limited to collateral-specific credit marks. To monitor credit risk associated with the performance and value of our loans and investments, our asset management team regularly reviews our investment portfolios and is in regular contact with our borrowers, monitoring performance of the collateral and enforcing our rights as necessary. For the 25% of repurchase agreements containing margin call provisions for general capital markets activity, approximately 17% of these pertain to our loans held-for-sale, for which we manage credit risk through the purchase of credit index instruments. We further seek to manage risks associated with our repurchase agreements by matching the maturities and interest rate characteristics of our loans with the related repurchase agreement.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, approximately $9.5 million and $27.3 million, respectively, of amortization of deferred financing costs from secured financing agreements was included in interest expense on our condensed consolidated statements of operations. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, approximately $8.1 million and $24.9 million, respectively, of amortization of deferred financing costs from secured financing agreements was included in interest expense on our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Collateralized Loan Obligations

In August 2019, we refinanced a pool of our commercial loans held-for-investment through a CLO, STWD 2019-FL1. On the closing date, the CLO issued $1.1 billion principal amount of notes, of which $936.4 million was purchased by third party investors. We retained $86.6 million of notes, along with preferred shares with a liquidation preference of $77.0 million. The CLO contains a reinvestment feature that, subject to certain eligibility criteria, allows us to contribute new loans or participation interests in loans to the CLO in exchange for cash. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we utilized the reinvestment feature, contributing $88.1 million of additional interests into the CLO.

The following table is a summary of our CLO as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (amounts in thousands):

Face

Carrying

Weighted

September 30, 2020

Count

Amount

Value

Average Spread

Maturity

Collateral assets

1,099,672

1,099,558

LIBOR + 3.83%

(a)

Feb 2024

(b)

Financing

936,375

929,931

LIBOR + 1.64%

(c)

July 2038

(d)

December 31, 2019

Collateral assets

1,073,504

LIBOR + 3.34%

(a)

Nov 2023

(b)

Financing

936,375

928,060

LIBOR + 1.65%

(c)

July 2038

(d)

(a)	Represents the weighted-average coupon earned on variable rate loans during the respective year-to-date period. Of the loans financed by the CLO as of September 30, 2020, 9% earned fixed-rate weighted average interest of 6.84%.

(b)	Represents the weighted-average maturity, assuming the extended contractual maturity of the collateral assets.

(c)	Represents the weighted-average cost of financing incurred during the respective year-to-date period, inclusive of deferred issuance costs.

(d)	Repayments of the CLO are tied to timing of the related collateral asset repayments. The term of the CLO financing obligation represents the legal final maturity date.

We incurred $9.2 million of issuance costs in connection with the CLO, which are amortized on an effective yield basis over the estimated life of the CLO. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, approximately $0.7 million and $1.9 million, respectively, of amortization of deferred financing costs was included in interest expense on our condensed consolidated statements of operations. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, our unamortized issuance costs were $6.4 million and $8.3 million, respectively.

The CLO is considered a VIE, for which we are deemed the primary beneficiary. We therefore consolidate the CLO. Refer to Note 14 for further discussion.

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Maturities

Our credit facilities generally require principal to be paid down prior to the facilities’ respective maturities if and when we receive principal payments on, or sell, the investment collateral that we have pledged. The following table sets forth our principal repayments schedule for secured financings based on the earlier of (i) the extended contractual maturity of each credit facility or (ii) the extended contractual maturity of each of the investments that have been pledged as collateral under the respective credit facility (amounts in thousands):


	Repurchase		Other Secured
	Agreements		Financing		CLO			Total
2020 (remainder of)	$	80,429	$	311,142	$	—		$	391,571
2021		764,290		782,007		—			1,546,297
2022		1,364,073		547,960		—			1,912,033
2023		1,108,155		706,658		—			1,814,813
2024		843,591		235,852		—			1,079,443
Thereafter		1,388,234		1,569,771		936,375	(a)		3,894,380
Total	$	5,548,772	$	4,153,390	$	936,375		$	10,638,537

(a)	Assumes utilization of the reinvestment feature.

10. Unsecured Senior Notes

The following table is a summary of our unsecured senior notes outstanding as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands):


							Remaining
	Coupon			Effective		Maturity	Period of		Carrying Value at
	Rate			Rate (1)		Date	Amortization		September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
2021 Senior Notes (February)	3.63	%	(2)	3.89	%	2/1/2021	0.3	years	$	500,000	$	500,000
2021 Senior Notes (December)	5.00	%		5.32	%	12/15/2021	1.2	years		700,000		700,000
2023 Convertible Notes	4.38	%		4.86	%	4/1/2023	2.5	years		250,000		250,000
2025 Senior Notes	4.75	%	(3)	5.04	%	3/15/2025	4.5	years		500,000		500,000
Total principal amount										1,950,000		1,950,000
Unamortized discount—Convertible Notes										(2,826)		(3,610)
Unamortized discount—Senior Notes										(8,790)		(12,144)
Unamortized deferred financing costs										(3,829)		(5,624)
Carrying amount of debt components									$	1,934,555	$	1,928,622
Carrying amount of conversion option equity components recorded in additional paid-in capital for outstanding convertible notes									$	3,755	$	3,755

(1)	Effective rate includes the effects of underwriter purchase discount and the adjustment for the conversion option on our Convertible Notes, the value of which reduced the initial liability and was recorded in additional paid-in-capital.

(2)	The coupon on the February 2021 Senior Notes is 3.63%. At closing, we swapped the notes to a floating rate of LIBOR + 1.28%.

(3)	The coupon on the 2025 Senior Notes is 4.75%. At closing, we swapped $470.0 million of the notes to a floating rate of LIBOR + 2.53%.

Our unsecured senior notes contain certain financial tests and covenants. As of September 30, 2020, we were in compliance with all such covenants.

Convertible Senior Notes

We recognized interest expense of $3.1 million and $9.2 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, from our unsecured Convertible Notes. We recognized interest expense of $3.1

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million and $9.3 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, from our unsecured Convertible Notes.

The following table details the conversion attributes of our Convertible Notes outstanding as of September 30, 2020:


	September 30, 2020
	Conversion	Conversion
	Rate (1)	Price (2)
2023 Convertible Notes	38.5959	$	25.91

(1)	The conversion rate represents the number of shares of common stock issuable per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes converted, as adjusted in accordance with the indentures governing the Convertible Notes (including the applicable supplemental indentures).

(2)	As of September 30, 2020, the market price of the Company’s common stock was $15.09 per share.

The if-converted value of the 2023 Convertible Notes was less than their principal amount by $104.4 million at September 30, 2020 as the closing market price of the Company’s common stock of $15.09 was less than the implicit conversion price of $25.91 per share. The if-converted value of the principal amount of the 2023 Convertible Notes was $145.6 million as of September 30, 2020.

11. Loan Securitization/Sale Activities

As described below, we regularly sell loans and notes under various strategies. We evaluate such sales as to whether they meet the criteria for treatment as a sale—legal isolation, ability of transferee to pledge or exchange the transferred assets without constraint and transfer of control.

Loan Securitizations

Within the Investing and Servicing Segment, we originate commercial mortgage loans with the intent to sell these mortgage loans to VIEs for the purposes of securitization. These VIEs then issue CMBS that are collateralized in part by these assets, as well as other assets transferred to the VIE by third parties. Within the Commercial and Residential Lending Segment, we acquire residential mortgage loans with the intent to sell these mortgage loans to VIEs for the purpose of securitization. These VIEs then issue RMBS that are collateralized by these assets. In certain instances, we retain an interest in the CMBS or RMBS VIE and/or serve as special servicer or servicing administrator for the VIE. In these circumstances, we generally consolidate the VIE into which the loans were sold. The following summarizes the face amount and proceeds of commercial and residential loans securitized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (amounts in thousands):


	Commercial Loans				Residential Loans
	Face Amount		Proceeds		Face Amount		Proceeds
For the Three Months Ended September 30,
2020	$	151,295	$	157,497	$	478,911	$	499,321
2019		262,528		274,714		545,976		569,590
For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
2020	$	487,130	$	509,890	$	1,443,691	$	1,487,761
2019		787,160		826,932		886,187		921,602

The securitization of these commercial and residential loans does not result in a discrete gain or loss since they are carried under the fair value option.

Our securitizations have each been structured as bankruptcy-remote entities whose assets are not intended to be available to the creditors of any other party.

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Commercial and Residential Loan Sales

Within the Commercial and Residential Lending Segment, we originate or acquire commercial mortgage loans, subsequently selling all or a portion thereof. Typically, our motivation for entering into these transactions is to effectively create leverage on the subordinated position that we will retain and hold for investment. We also may sell certain of our previously-acquired residential loans to third parties outside a securitization. The following table summarizes our loans sold by the Commercial and Residential Lending Segment, net of expenses (amounts in thousands):



	Loan Transfers Accounted for as Sales
	Commercial				Residential
	Face Amount (1)		Proceeds (1)		Face Amount		Proceeds
For the Three Months Ended September 30,
2020	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
2019		53,288		53,249		1,684		1,743
For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
2020	$	399,132	$	396,078	$	550	$	604
2019		554,710		551,700		25,526		26,260

(1)

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we sold $230.9 million and $168.2 million of senior interests in first mortgage loans and whole loan interests, respectively, for proceeds of $224.1 million and $172.0 million, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, all sales were of senior interests in first mortgage loans.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, losses recognized by the Commercial and Residential Lending Segment on sales of commercial loans were $1.0 million. There were 0 sales of commercial loans during the three months ended September 30, 2020. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, gains recognized by the Commercial and Residential Lending Segment on sales of commercial loans were $0.5 million and $3.5 million, respectively. The sale of residential loans does not result in a discrete gain or loss since they are carried under the fair value option.

Infrastructure Loan Sales

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Infrastructure Lending Segment sold loans held-for-sale with an aggregate face amount of $38.7 million for proceeds of $38.4 million, recognizing gains of $0.3 million. There were 0 sales of loans by the Infrastructure Lending Segment during the three months ended September 30, 2020. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Infrastructure Lending Segment sold loans held-for-sale with an aggregate face amount of $47.3 million and $404.1 million, respectively, for proceeds of $47.0 million and $393.3 million. A gain of $3.1 million was recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. There was no gain recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2019. In connection with these sales, we sold an interest rate swap guarantee for cash payment of $3.1 million and recognized a decrease in fair value of $2.7 million within (loss) gain on derivative financial instruments, net in our condensed consolidated statement of operations during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Refer to Note 12 for further discussion of our interest rate swap guarantees.

12. Derivatives and Hedging Activity

Risk Management Objective of Using Derivatives

We are exposed to certain risks arising from both our business operations and economic conditions. Refer to Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements included in our Form 10-K for further discussion of our risk management objectives and policies.

Designated Hedges

The Company does not generally elect to apply the hedge accounting designation to its hedging instruments. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company did not have any designated hedges.

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Non-designated Hedges and Derivatives

We have entered into the following types of non-designated hedges and derivatives:

●

Foreign exchange (“Fx”) forwards whereby we agree to buy or sell a specified amount of foreign currency for a specified amount of USD at a future date, economically fixing the USD amounts of foreign denominated cash flows we expect to receive or pay related to certain foreign denominated loan investments and properties;

●

Interest rate contracts which hedge a portion of our exposure to changes in interest rates;

●

Credit index instruments which hedge a portion of our exposure to the credit risk of our commercial loans held-for-sale; and

●

Interest rate swap guarantees whereby we guarantee the interest rate swap obligations of certain Infrastructure Lending borrowers. Our interest rate swap guarantees were assumed in connection with the acquisition of the Infrastructure Lending Segment.

The following table summarizes our non-designated derivatives as of September 30, 2020 (notional amounts in thousands):


Type of Derivative	Number of Contracts	Aggregate Notional Amount	Notional Currency	Maturity
Fx contracts – Buy Euros ("EUR")	1	1,915	EUR	November 2022
Fx contracts – Sell EUR	289	250,530	EUR	October 2020 – November 2025
Fx contracts – Sell Pounds Sterling ("GBP")	120	373,948	GBP	October 2020 – May 2024
Fx contracts – Sell Australian dollar ("AUD")	13	126,546	AUD	August 2021 – November 2021
Interest rate swaps – Paying fixed rates	56	1,755,593	USD	March 2023 – September 2030
Interest rate swaps – Receiving fixed rates	2	970,000	USD	January 2021 - March 2025
Interest rate caps	22	951,462	USD	October 2020 – April 2025
Credit index instruments	4	69,000	USD	September 2058 – August 2061
Interest rate swap guarantees	6	383,080	USD	March 2022 – June 2025
Total	513

The table below presents the fair value of our derivative financial instruments as well as their classification on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (amounts in thousands):


	Fair Value of Derivatives				Fair Value of Derivatives
	in an Asset Position (1) as of				in a Liability Position (2) as of
	September 30,		December 31,		September 30,		December 31,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Interest rate contracts	$	38,479	$	14,385	$	3,097	$	—
Interest rate swap guarantees		—		—		958		614
Foreign exchange contracts		25,805		14,558		9,397		7,834
Credit index instruments		541		—		—		292
Total derivatives	$	64,825	$	28,943	$	13,452	$	8,740

(1)	Classified as derivative assets in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(2)	Classified as derivative liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

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The tables below present the effect of our derivative financial instruments on the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (amounts in thousands):


		Amount of Gain (Loss)				Amount of Gain (Loss)
		Recognized in Income for the				Recognized in Income for the
Derivatives Not Designated	Location of Gain (Loss)	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
as Hedging Instruments	Recognized in Income	2020		2019		2020		2019
Interest rate contracts	(Loss) gain on derivative financial instruments	$	259	$	(7,898)	$	(52,129)	$	(21,733)
Interest rate swap guarantees	(Loss) gain on derivative financial instruments		260		(468)		(345)		(3,640)
Foreign exchange contracts	(Loss) gain on derivative financial instruments		(28,514)		30,426		17,644		46,116
Credit index instruments	(Loss) gain on derivative financial instruments		(102)		(127)		345		(1,049)
		$	(28,097)	$	21,933	$	(34,485)	$	19,694

13. Offsetting Assets and Liabilities

The following tables present the potential effects of netting arrangements on our financial position for financial assets and liabilities within the scope of ASC 210-20, Balance Sheet—Offsetting, which for us are derivative assets and liabilities as well as repurchase agreement liabilities (amounts in thousands):


							(iv)
							Gross Amounts Not
							Offset in the Statement
			(ii)		(iii) = (i) - (ii)		of Financial Position
			Gross Amounts		Net Amounts				Cash
	(i)		Offset in the		Presented in				Collateral
	Gross Amounts		Statement of		the Statement of		Financial		Received /		(v) = (iii) - (iv)
	Recognized		Financial Position		Financial Position		Instruments		Pledged		Net Amount
As of September 30, 2020
Derivative assets	$	64,825	$	—	$	64,825	$	9,397	$	39,842	$	15,586
Derivative liabilities	$	13,452	$	—	$	13,452	$	9,397	$	3,097	$	958
Repurchase agreements		5,548,772		—		5,548,772		5,548,772		—		—
	$	5,562,224	$	—	$	5,562,224	$	5,558,169	$	3,097	$	958
As of December 31, 2019
Derivative assets	$	28,943	$	—	$	28,943	$	5,312	$	14,208	$	9,423
Derivative liabilities	$	8,740	$	—	$	8,740	$	5,312	$	292	$	3,136
Repurchase agreements		4,609,457		—		4,609,457		4,609,457		—		—
	$	4,618,197	$	—	$	4,618,197	$	4,614,769	$	292	$	3,136

14. Variable Interest Entities

Investment Securities

As discussed in Note 2, we evaluate all of our investments and other interests in entities for consolidation, including our investments in CMBS, RMBS and our retained interests in securitization transactions we initiated, all of which are generally considered to be variable interests in VIEs.

Securitization VIEs consolidated in accordance with ASC 810 are structured as pass through entities that receive principal and interest on the underlying collateral and distribute those payments to the certificate holders. The assets and other instruments held by these securitization entities are restricted and can only be used to fulfill the obligations of the entity. Additionally, the obligations of the securitization entities do not have any recourse to the general credit of any other consolidated entities, nor to us as the primary beneficiary. The VIE liabilities initially represent investment securities on our balance sheet (pre-consolidation). Upon consolidation of these VIEs, our associated investment securities are eliminated, as is the interest income related to those securities. Similarly, the fees we earn in our roles as special servicer of the bonds issued by the consolidated VIEs or as collateral administrator of the consolidated VIEs are also eliminated. Finally, an allocable portion of the identified servicing intangible associated with the eliminated fee streams is eliminated in consolidation.

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VIEs in which we are the Primary Beneficiary

The inclusion of the assets and liabilities of securitization VIEs in which we are deemed the primary beneficiary has no economic effect on us. Our exposure to the obligations of securitization VIEs is generally limited to our investment in these entities. We are not obligated to provide, nor have we provided, any financial support for any of these consolidated structures.

During the year ended December 31, 2019, we refinanced a pool of our commercial loans held-for-investment through a CLO, which is considered to be a VIE. We are the primary beneficiary of, and therefore consolidate, the CLO in our financial statements as we have both (i) the power to direct the activities in our role as collateral manager that most significantly impact the CLO’s economic performance, and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses and the right to receive benefits from the CLO that could be potentially significant through the subordinate interests we own.

The following table details the assets and liabilities of our consolidated CLO as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (amounts in thousands):


	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Assets:
Loans held-for-investment	$	1,099,558		1,073,504
Accrued interest receivable		3,082		3,129
Other assets		328		26,496
Total Assets	$	1,102,968	$	1,103,129
Liabilities
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	$	621	$	1,362
Collateralized loan obligations, net		929,931		928,060
Total Liabilities	$	930,552	$	929,422

Assets held by this CLO are restricted and can be used only to settle obligations of the CLO, including the subordinate interests owned by us. The liabilities of this CLO are non-recourse to us and can only be satisfied from the assets of the CLO.

We also hold controlling interests in other non-securitization entities that are considered VIEs. SPT Dolphin Intermediate LLC (“SPT Dolphin”), the entity which holds the Woodstar II Portfolio, is a VIE because the third party interest holders do not carry kick-out rights or substantive participating rights. We were deemed to be the primary beneficiary of the VIE because we possess both the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance and a significant economic interest in the entity. This VIE had total assets of $676.5 million and liabilities of $446.8 million as of September 30, 2020.

In December 2019, we entered into a newly-formed joint venture (the “CMBS JV”) within our Investing and Servicing Segment, which is considered a VIE because the third party interest holder does not carry kick-out rights or substantive participating rights. We hold a 51% ownership interest and are deemed the primary beneficiary of the CMBS JV. This VIE had total assets of $332.4 million and liabilities of $84.8 million as of September 30, 2020. Refer to Note 16 for further discussion.

In addition to the above non-securitization entities, we have smaller VIEs with total assets of $97.3 million and liabilities of $53.8 million as of September 30, 2020.

VIEs in which we are not the Primary Beneficiary

In certain instances, we hold a variable interest in a VIE in the form of CMBS, but either (i) we are not appointed, or do not serve as, special servicer or servicing administrator or (ii) an unrelated third party has the rights to unilaterally remove us as special servicer without cause. In these instances, we do not have the power to direct activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance. In other cases, the variable interest we hold does not obligate us to absorb losses or provide us with the right to receive benefits from the VIE which could potentially be significant. For these structures, we are not deemed to be the primary beneficiary of the VIE, and we do not consolidate these VIEs.

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As of September 30, 2020, 5 of our collateralized debt obligation (“CDO”) structures within our Investing and Servicing Segment were in default or imminent default, which, pursuant to the underlying indentures, changes the rights of the variable interest holders. Upon default of a CDO, the trustee or senior note holders are allowed to exercise certain rights, including liquidation of the collateral, which at that time, is the activity which would most significantly impact the CDO’s economic performance. Further, when the CDO is in default, the collateral administrator no longer has the option to purchase securities from the CDO. In cases where the CDO is in default and we do not have the ability to exercise rights which would most significantly impact the CDO’s economic performance, we do not consolidate the VIE. As of September 30, 2020, NaN of these 5 CDO structures were consolidated.

As noted above, we are not obligated to provide, nor have we provided, any financial support for any of our securitization VIEs, whether or not we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary. As such, the risk associated with our involvement in these VIEs is limited to the carrying value of our investment in the entity. As of September 30, 2020, our maximum risk of loss related to securitization VIEs in which we were not the primary beneficiary was $23.5 million on a fair value basis.

As of September 30, 2020, the securitization VIEs which we do not consolidate had debt obligations to beneficial interest holders with unpaid principal balances, excluding the notional value of interest-only securities, of $4.1 billion. The corresponding assets are comprised primarily of commercial mortgage loans with unpaid principal balances corresponding to the amounts of the outstanding debt obligations.

We also hold passive non-controlling interests in certain unconsolidated entities that are considered VIEs. We are not the primary beneficiaries of these VIEs as we do not possess the power to direct the activities of the VIEs that most significantly impact their economic performance and therefore report our interests, which totaled $21.8 million as of September 30, 2020, within investment in unconsolidated entities on our condensed consolidated balance sheet. Our maximum risk of loss is limited to our carrying value of the investments.

15. Related-Party Transactions

Management Agreement

We are party to a management agreement (the “Management Agreement”) with our Manager. Under the Management Agreement, our Manager, subject to the oversight of our board of directors, is required to manage our day to day activities, for which our Manager receives a base management fee and is eligible for an incentive fee and stock awards. Our Manager’s personnel perform certain due diligence, legal, management and other services that outside professionals or consultants would otherwise perform. As such, in accordance with the terms of our Management Agreement, our Manager is paid or reimbursed for the documented costs of performing such tasks, provided that such costs and reimbursements are in amounts no greater than those which would be payable to outside professionals or consultants engaged to perform such services pursuant to agreements negotiated on an arm’s-length basis. Refer to Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements included in our Form 10-K for further discussion of this agreement.

Base Management Fee. For both the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, approximately $19.2 million was incurred for base management fees. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, approximately $57.4 million and $57.7 million, respectively, was incurred for base management fees. In April 2020, our board of directors authorized the payment of our first quarter base management fee of $19.1 million in 1,422,143 shares of our common stock. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were $19.2 million and $19.3 million, respectively, of unpaid base management fees included in related-party payable in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Incentive Fee. There were no incentive fees incurred during the three months ended September 30, 2020 and $1.8 million were incurred during the three months ended September 30, 2019. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, approximately $15.8 million and $2.0 million, respectively, was incurred for incentive fees. As of December 31, 2019, there were $18.1 million of unpaid incentive fees included in related-party payable in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. There were 0 unpaid incentive fees as of September 30, 2020.

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Expense Reimbursement. For the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, approximately $1.5 million and $1.9 million, respectively, was incurred for executive compensation and other reimbursable expenses and recognized within general and administrative expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, approximately $5.2 million and $5.8 million, respectively, was incurred for executive compensation and other reimbursable expenses. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, approximately $2.9 million and $3.5 million, respectively, of unpaid reimbursable executive compensation and other expenses were included in related-party payable in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Equity Awards. In certain instances, we issue RSAs to certain employees of affiliates of our Manager who perform services for us. There were no RSAs granted during the three months ended September 30, 2020 or 2019. Expenses related to the vesting of awards to employees of affiliates of our Manager were $0.1 million and $1.2 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and are reflected in general and administrative expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, we granted 341,635 and 182,861 RSAs, respectively, at grant date fair values of $3.9 million and $4.1 million, respectively. Expenses related to the vesting of awards to employees of affiliates of our Manager were $2.5 million and $3.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. These shares generally vest over a three-year period.

Manager Equity Plan

In May 2017, the Company’s shareholders approved the Starwood Property Trust, Inc. 2017 Manager Equity Plan (the “2017 Manager Equity Plan”), which replaced the Starwood Property Trust, Inc. Manager Equity Plan (“Manager Equity Plan”). In September 2019, we granted 1,200,000 RSUs to our Manager under the 2017 Manager Equity Plan. In April 2018, we granted 775,000 RSUs to our Manager under the 2017 Manager Equity Plan. In March 2017, we granted 1,000,000 RSUs to our Manager under the Manager Equity Plan. In connection with these grants and prior similar grants, we recognized share-based compensation expense of $3.4 million and $8.8 million within management fees in our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, we recognized $12.0 million and $15.2 million, respectively, related to these awards. Refer to Note 16 for further discussion of these grants.

Investments in Loans

In January 2020, the Company originated a $3.5 million bridge loan to a third party borrower for the development and recapitalization of luxury cabin rentals. In February 2020, the bridge loan was repaid, and the Company originated a $99.0 million first mortgage loan to the same borrower. The loan bears interest at a fixed rate of 10.5% plus fees and contains a term of 36 months with 2 one-year extension options. Certain members of our executive team and board of directors own equity interests in the borrower. The investment was approved by our independent directors.

In January 2020, the Company co-originated a €70.3 million mezzanine loan with SEREF, an affiliate of our Manager, to the third party that acquired our property portfolio in Ireland in December 2019. The Company and SEREF each originated €35.2 million. The loan matures in October 2025.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company acquired $57.6 million and $185.0 million, respectively, of loans from a residential mortgage originator in which it holds an equity interest. Refer to Note 7 for further discussion.

During the three months ended September 30, 2020, the Company amended a $4.5 million subordinated loan to a residential mortgage originator in which it holds an equity interest, to extend the maturity from September 2020 to September 2021.

During the three months ended September 30, 2020, the Company received a $245.0 million partial repayment on a first mortgage and mezzanine loan that was originated in August 2017 related to an office campus located in Irvine, California. An affiliate of our Manager has a non-controlling equity interest in the borrower.

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Lease Arrangements

In March 2020, we entered into an office lease agreement with an entity which is controlled by our Chairman and CEO through majority equity ownership of the entity. The leased premises are currently under construction and will serve as our new Miami Beach office when our existing lease in Miami Beach expires on December 31, 2021. The lease will commence after delivery of the office space to us, but no earlier than July 30, 2021. The lease is for approximately 74,000 square feet of office space, has an initial term of 15 years and requires monthly lease payments starting in the tenth month after lease commencement. The lease payments are based on an annual base rate of $52.00 per square foot that increases by 3% each anniversary following commencement, plus our pro rata share of building operating expenses. In April 2020, we provided a $1.9 million cash security deposit to the landlord. Prior to the execution of this lease, we engaged an independent third party leasing firm and external counsel to advise the independent directors of our board of directors on market terms for the lease. The terms of the lease were approved by our independent directors.

Other Related-Party Arrangements

Highmark Residential (“Highmark”), an affiliate of our Manager, now provides property management services for all 32 properties within our Woodstar I Portfolio. Fees paid to Highmark are calculated as a percentage of gross receipts and are at market terms. During both the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, property management fees to Highmark of $0.4 million were recognized in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, property management fees to Highmark of $1.4 million and $1.1 million, respectively, were recognized in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Refer to Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements included in our Form 10-K for further discussion of related-party agreements.

16. Stockholders’ Equity and Non-Controlling Interests

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, our board of directors declared the following dividends:


Declaration Date	Record Date	Ex-Dividend Date	Payment Date	Amount		Frequency
9/16/20	9/30/20	9/29/20	10/15/20	$	0.48	Quarterly
6/16/20	6/30/20	6/29/20	7/15/20		0.48	Quarterly
2/25/20	3/31/20	3/30/20	4/15/20		0.48	Quarterly

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, there were 0 shares issued under our At-The-Market Equity Offering Sales Agreement. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, shares issued under the Starwood Property Trust, Inc. Dividend Reinvestment and Direct Stock Purchase Plan (the “DRIP Plan”) were not material.

In February 2020, our board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to $400.0 million of our outstanding common shares and Convertible Notes over a period of one year. Purchases made pursuant to the program will be made either in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions from time to time as permitted by federal securities laws and other legal requirements. The timing, manner, price and amount of any repurchases are discretionary and will be subject to economic and market conditions, stock price, applicable legal requirements and other factors. The program may be suspended or discontinued at any time. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we repurchased 1,925,421 shares of common stock for $28.8 million and 0 Convertible Notes under our repurchase program. As of September 30, 2020, we had $371.2 million of remaining capacity to repurchase common stock and/or Convertible Notes under the repurchase program.

Equity Incentive Plans

In May 2017, the Company’s shareholders approved the 2017 Manager Equity Plan and the Starwood Property Trust, Inc. 2017 Equity Plan (the “2017 Equity Plan”), which allow for the issuance of up to 11,000,000 stock options, stock appreciation rights, RSAs, RSUs or other equity-based awards or any combination thereof to the Manager, directors, employees, consultants or any other party providing services to the Company. The 2017 Manager Equity Plan succeeds and replaces the Manager Equity Plan and the 2017 Equity Plan succeeds and replaces the Starwood Property

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Trust, Inc. Equity Plan (the “Equity Plan”) and the Starwood Property Trust, Inc. Non-Executive Director Stock Plan (the “Non-Executive Director Stock Plan”).

The table below summarizes our share awards granted or vested under the Manager Equity Plan and the 2017 Manager Equity Plan during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (dollar amounts in thousands):


Grant Date	Type	Amount Granted	Grant Date Fair Value		Vesting Period
September 2019	RSU	1,200,000	$	29,484	(1)
April 2018	RSU	775,000		16,329	3 years
March 2017	RSU	1,000,000		22,240	3 years

(1)	Of the amount granted, 218,898 vested immediately on the grant date and the remaining amount vests over a three-year period.

Schedule of Non-Vested Shares and Share Equivalents


		2017		Weighted Average
	2017	Manager		Grant Date Fair
	Equity Plan	Equity Plan	Total	Value (per share)
Balance as of January 1, 2020	1,413,170	1,305,597	2,718,767	$	22.74
Granted	1,014,753	—	1,014,753		10.98
Vested	(640,727)	(522,359)	(1,163,086)		22.50
Forfeited	(20,960)	—	(20,960)		14.23
Balance as of September 30, 2020	1,766,236	783,238	2,549,474		18.23

As of September 30, 2020, there were 6.5 million shares of common stock available for future grants under the 2017 Manager Equity Plan and the 2017 Equity Plan.

Non-Controlling Interests in Consolidated Subsidiaries

In connection with our Woodstar II Portfolio acquisitions, we issued 10.2 million Class A Units in our consolidated subsidiary, SPT Dolphin, and rights to receive an additional 1.9 million Class A Units if certain contingent events occur. As of September 30, 2020, 1.8 million of the 1.9 million contingent Class A Units were issued. The Class A Units are redeemable for consideration equal to the current share price of the Company’s common stock on a 1-for-one basis, with the consideration paid in either cash or the Company’s common stock, at the determination of the Company. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, redemptions of 0.5 million of the Class A Units were received, of which 0.4 million were settled in common stock and 0.1 million were settled for $1.3 million in cash, leaving 10.5 million Class A Units outstanding as of September 30, 2020. In consolidation, the outstanding Class A Units are reflected as non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiaries on our condensed consolidated balance sheets, the balance of which was $225.4 million and $235.9 million as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

To the extent SPT Dolphin has sufficient cash available, the Class A Units earn a preferred return indexed to the dividend rate of the Company’s common stock. Any distributions made pursuant to this waterfall are recognized within net income attributable to non-controlling interests in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, we recognized net income attributable to non-controlling interests of $5.1 million and $15.3 million, respectively, associated with these Class A Units. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, we recognized net income attributable to non-controlling interests of $5.2 million and $16.3 million, respectively, associated with these Class A Units.

As discussed in Note 14, we entered into the CMBS JV within our Investing and Servicing Segment in December 2019. Because the CMBS JV was deemed a VIE for which we were the primary beneficiary, this transaction was not recognized as a sale for GAAP purposes. Instead, the 49% interest of our joint venture partner is reflected as a non-controlling interest in consolidated subsidiaries on our consolidated balance sheets, and any net income attributable to this 49% joint venture interest is reflected within net income attributable to non-controlling interests in our consolidated statement of operations. The non-controlling interests in the CMBS JV were $127.8 million and $175.6 million as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, net income attributable to non-controlling interests was $6.8 million and $7.6 million, respectively.

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17. Earnings per Share

The following table provides a reconciliation of net income and the number of shares of common stock used in the computation of basic EPS and diluted EPS (amounts in thousands, except per share amounts):


	For the Three Months Ended				For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Basic Earnings
Income attributable to STWD common stockholders	$	151,834	$	140,396	$	224,721	$	337,795
Less: Income attributable to participating shares not already deducted as non-controlling interests		(1,721)		(1,205)		(3,422)		(2,779)
Basic earnings	$	150,113	$	139,191	$	221,299	$	335,016

Diluted Earnings
Income attributable to STWD common stockholders	$	151,834	$	140,396	$	224,721	$	337,795
Less: Income attributable to participating shares not already deducted as non-controlling interests		(1,721)		(1,205)		(3,422)		(2,779)
Add: Interest expense on Convertible Notes (1)		3,055		3,071		*		9,306
Add: Undistributed earnings to participating shares		663		188		—		—
Less: Undistributed earnings reallocated to participating shares		(642)		(182)		—		—
Diluted earnings	$	153,189	$	142,268	$	221,299	$	344,322

Number of Shares:
Basic — Average shares outstanding		282,596		279,992		281,686		278,934
Effect of dilutive securities — Convertible Notes (1)		9,649		9,649		*		9,857
Effect of dilutive securities — Contingently issuable shares		—		38		—		38
Effect of dilutive securities — Unvested non-participating shares		213		233		182		192
Diluted — Average shares outstanding		292,458		289,912		281,868		289,021

Earnings Per Share Attributable to STWD Common Stockholders:
Basic	$	0.53	$	0.50	$	0.79	$	1.20
Diluted	$	0.52	$	0.49	$	0.79	$	1.19

(1)

The Company does not intend to fully settle the principal amount of the Convertible Notes in cash upon conversion. Accordingly, under GAAP, the dilutive effect to EPS for the periods presented above is determined using the “if-converted” method whereby interest expense or any loss on extinguishment of our Convertible Notes is added back to the diluted EPS numerator and the full number of potential shares contingently issuable upon their conversion is included in the diluted EPS denominator, if dilutive. Refer to Note 10 for further discussion.

* Our Convertible Notes were not dilutive for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

As of September 30, 2020 and 2019, participating shares of 12.8 million and 13.4 million, respectively, were excluded from the computation of diluted shares as their effect was already considered under the more dilutive two-class method used above. Such participating shares at September 30, 2020 and 2019 included 10.5 million and 10.9 million potential shares, respectively, of our common stock issuable upon redemption of the Class A Units in SPT Dolphin, as discussed in Note 16.

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18. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

The changes in AOCI by component are as follows (amounts in thousands):


	Cumulative
	Unrealized Gain
	(Loss) on		Foreign
	Available-for-		Currency
	Sale Securities		Translation		Total
Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
Balance at July 1, 2020	$	42,930	$	(64)	$	42,866
OCI before reclassifications		(581)		—		(581)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI		—		—		—
Net period OCI		(581)		—		(581)
Balance at September 30, 2020	$	42,349	$	(64)	$	42,285
Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
Balance at July 1, 2019	$	53,049	$	4,075	$	57,124
OCI before reclassifications		(520)		(4,168)		(4,688)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI		(59)		—		(59)
Net period OCI		(579)		(4,168)		(4,747)
Balance at September 30, 2019	$	52,470	$	(93)	$	52,377
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
Balance at January 1, 2020	$	50,996	$	(64)	$	50,932
OCI before reclassifications		(8,647)		—		(8,647)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI		—		—		—
Net period OCI		(8,647)		—		(8,647)
Balance at September 30, 2020	$	42,349	$	(64)	$	42,285
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Balance at January 1, 2019	$	53,515	$	5,145	$	58,660
OCI before reclassifications		(986)		(5,238)		(6,224)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI		(59)		—		(59)
Net period OCI		(1,045)		(5,238)		(6,283)
Balance at September 30, 2019	$	52,470	$	(93)	$	52,377

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19. Fair Value

GAAP establishes a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on the observability of inputs utilized in measuring financial assets and liabilities at fair value. GAAP establishes market-based or observable inputs as the preferred source of values, followed by valuation models using management assumptions in the absence of market inputs. The three levels of the hierarchy are described below:

Level I—Inputs are unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date.

Level II—Inputs (other than quoted prices included in Level I) are either directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability through correlation with market data at the measurement date and for the duration of the instrument’s anticipated life.

Level III—Inputs reflect management’s best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. Consideration is given to the risk inherent in the valuation technique and the risk inherent in the inputs to the model.

Valuation Process

We have valuation control processes in place to validate the fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value including those derived from pricing models. These control processes are designed to assure that the values used for financial reporting are based on observable inputs wherever possible. In the event that observable inputs are not available, the control processes are designed to assure that the valuation approach utilized is appropriate and consistently applied and the assumptions are reasonable.

Pricing Verification—We use recently executed transactions, other observable market data such as exchange data, broker/dealer quotes, third party pricing vendors and aggregation services for validating the fair values generated using valuation models. Pricing data provided by approved external sources is evaluated using a number of approaches; for example, by corroborating the external sources’ prices to executed trades, analyzing the methodology and assumptions used by the external source to generate a price and/or by evaluating how active the third party pricing source (or originating sources used by the third party pricing source) is in the market.

Unobservable Inputs—Where inputs are not observable, we review the appropriateness of the proposed valuation methodology to ensure it is consistent with how a market participant would arrive at the unobservable input. The valuation methodologies utilized in the absence of observable inputs may include extrapolation techniques and the use of comparable observable inputs.

Any changes to the valuation methodology will be reviewed by our management to ensure the changes are appropriate. The methods used may produce a fair value calculation that is not indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. Furthermore, while we anticipate that our valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies, or assumptions, to determine the fair value could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date.

Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

We determine the fair value of our financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as follows:

Loans held-for-sale, commercial

We measure the fair value of our commercial mortgage loans held-for-sale using a discounted cash flow analysis unless observable market data (i.e., securitized pricing) is available. A discounted cash flow analysis requires management to make estimates regarding future interest rates and credit spreads. The most significant of these inputs relates to credit spreads and is unobservable. Thus, we have determined that the fair values of mortgage loans valued using a discounted cash flow analysis should be classified in Level III of the fair value hierarchy, while mortgage loans

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valued using securitized pricing should be classified in Level II of the fair value hierarchy. Mortgage loans classified in Level III are transferred to Level II if securitized pricing becomes available.

Loans held-for-sale and loans held-for-investment, residential

We measure the fair value of our residential mortgage loans held-for-sale and held-for-investment based on the net present value of expected future cash flows using a combination of observable and unobservable inputs. Observable market participant assumptions include pricing related to trades of residential mortgage loans with similar characteristics. Unobservable inputs include the expectation of future cash flows, which involves judgments about the underlying collateral, the creditworthiness of the borrower, estimated prepayment speeds, estimated future credit losses, forward interest rates, investor yield requirements and certain other factors. At each measurement date, we consider both the observable and unobservable valuation inputs in the determination of fair value. However, given the significance of the unobservable inputs, these loans have been classified within Level III.

RMBS

RMBS are valued utilizing observable and unobservable market inputs. The observable market inputs include recent transactions, broker quotes and vendor prices (“market data”). However, given the implied price dispersion amongst the market data, the fair value determination for RMBS has also utilized significant unobservable inputs in discounted cash flow models including prepayments, default and severity estimates based on the recent performance of the collateral, the underlying collateral characteristics, industry trends, as well as expectations of macroeconomic events (e.g., housing price curves, interest rate curves, etc.). At each measurement date, we consider both the observable and unobservable valuation inputs in the determination of fair value. However, given the significance of the unobservable inputs these securities have been classified within Level III.

CMBS

CMBS are valued utilizing both observable and unobservable market inputs. These factors include projected future cash flows, ratings, subordination levels, vintage, remaining lives, credit issues, recent trades of similar securities and the spreads used in the prior valuation. We obtain current market spread information where available and use this information in evaluating and validating the market price of all CMBS. Depending upon the significance of the fair value inputs used in determining these fair values, these securities are classified in either Level II or Level III of the fair value hierarchy. CMBS may shift between Level II and Level III of the fair value hierarchy if the significant fair value inputs used to price the CMBS become or cease to be observable.

Equity security

The equity security is publicly registered and traded in the U.S. and its market price is listed on the London Stock Exchange. The security has been classified within Level I.

Domestic servicing rights

The fair value of this intangible is determined using discounted cash flow modeling techniques which require management to make estimates regarding future net servicing cash flows, including forecasted loan defeasance, control migration, delinquency and anticipated maturity defaults which are calculated assuming a debt yield at which default occurs. Since the most significant of these inputs are unobservable, we have determined that the fair values of this intangible in its entirety should be classified in Level III of the fair value hierarchy.

Derivatives

The valuation of derivative contracts are determined using widely accepted valuation techniques including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market based inputs, including interest rate curves, spot and market forward points and implied volatilities. The fair values of interest rate swaps are determined using the market standard methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash payments and the discounted

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expected variable cash receipts. The variable cash receipts are based on an expectation of future interest rates (forward curves) derived from observable market interest rate curves.

We incorporate credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both our own non-performance risk and the respective counterparty’s non-performance risk in the fair value measurements. In adjusting the fair value of our derivative contracts for the effect of non-performance risk, we have considered the impact of netting and any applicable credit enhancements, such as collateral postings, thresholds, mutual puts, and guarantees.

The valuation of over the counter derivatives are determined using discounted cash flows based on Overnight Index Swap (“OIS”) rates. Fully collateralized trades are discounted using OIS with no additional economic adjustments to arrive at fair value. Uncollateralized or partially collateralized trades are also discounted at OIS, but include appropriate economic adjustments for funding costs (i.e., a LIBOR OIS basis adjustment to approximate uncollateralized cost of funds) and credit risk. For credit index instruments, fair value is determined based on changes in the relevant indices from the date of initiation of the instrument to the reporting date, as these changes determine the amount of any future cash settlement between us and the counterparty. These indices are considered Level II inputs as they are directly observable.

Although we have determined that the majority of the inputs used to value our derivatives fall within Level II of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with our derivatives utilize Level III inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default by us and our counterparties. However, as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we have assessed the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments on the overall valuation of our derivative positions and have determined that the credit valuation adjustments are not significant to the overall valuation of our derivatives. As a result, we have determined that our derivative valuations in their entirety are classified in Level II of the fair value hierarchy.

Liabilities of consolidated VIEs

Our consolidated VIE liabilities generally represent bonds that are not owned by us. The majority of these are either traded in the marketplace or can be analogized to similar securities that are traded in the marketplace. For these liabilities, pricing is considered to be Level II, where the valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar instruments traded in active markets. We generally utilize third party pricing service providers for valuing these liabilities. In order to determine whether to utilize the valuations provided by third parties, we conduct an ongoing evaluation of their valuation methodologies and processes, as well as a review of the individual valuations themselves. In evaluating third party pricing for reasonableness, we consider a variety of factors, including market transaction information for the particular bond, market transaction information for bonds within the same trust, market transaction information for similar bonds, the bond’s ratings and the bond’s subordination levels.

For the minority portion of our consolidated VIE liabilities which consist of unrated or non-investment grade bonds that are not owned by us, pricing may be either Level II or Level III. If independent third party pricing similar to that noted above is available, we consider the valuation to be Level II. If such third party pricing is not available, the valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use significant unobservable assumptions, and we consider the valuation to be Level III. For VIE liabilities classified as Level III, valuation is determined based on discounted expected future cash flows which take into consideration expected duration and yields based on market transaction information, ratings, subordination levels, vintage and current market spread. VIE liabilities may shift between Level II and Level III of the fair value hierarchy if the significant fair value inputs used to price the VIE liabilities become or cease to be observable.

Assets of consolidated VIEs

The securitization VIEs in which we invest are “static”; that is, no reinvestment is permitted, and there is no active management of the underlying assets. In determining the fair value of the assets of the VIE, we maximize the use of observable inputs over unobservable inputs. The individual assets of a VIE are inherently incapable of precise measurement given their illiquid nature and the limitations on available information related to these assets. Because our methodology for valuing these assets does not value the individual assets of a VIE, but rather uses the value of the VIE

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liabilities as an indicator of the fair value of VIE assets as a whole, we have determined that our valuations of VIE assets in their entirety should be classified in Level III of the fair value hierarchy.

Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

We determine the fair value of our financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as follows:

Loans held-for-sale, infrastructure

We measure the fair value of infrastructure loans held-for-sale, which are carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value, utilizing bids periodically received from third parties to acquire these assets. As these bids represent observable market data, we have determined that the fair value of these assets would be classified in Level II of the fair value hierarchy.

Fair Value Only Disclosed

We determine the fair value of our financial instruments and assets where fair value is disclosed as follows:

Loans held-for-investment and loans held-for-sale

We estimate the fair values of our loans not carried at fair value on a recurring basis by discounting their expected cash flows at a rate we estimate would be demanded by the market participants that are most likely to buy our loans. The expected cash flows used are generally the same as those used to calculate our level yield income in the financial statements. Since these inputs are unobservable, we have determined that the fair value of these loans in their entirety would be classified in Level III of the fair value hierarchy.

HTM debt securities

We estimate the fair value of our mandatorily redeemable preferred equity interests in commercial real estate companies and infrastructure bonds using the same methodology described for our loans held-for-investment. We estimate the fair value of our HTM CMBS using the same methodology described for our CMBS carried at fair value on a recurring basis.

Secured financing agreements, CLO and unsecured senior notes not convertible

The fair value of the secured financing agreements, CLO and unsecured senior notes not convertible are determined by discounting the contractual cash flows at the interest rate we estimate such arrangements would bear if executed in the current market. We have determined that our valuation of these instruments should be classified in Level III of the fair value hierarchy.

Convertible Notes

The fair value of the debt component of our Convertible Notes is estimated by discounting the contractual cash flows at the interest rate we estimate such notes would bear if sold in the current market without the embedded conversion option which, in accordance with ASC 470, is reflected as a component of equity. We have determined that our valuation of our Convertible Notes should be classified in Level III of the fair value hierarchy.

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Fair Value Disclosures

The following tables present our financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value on a recurring basis in the condensed consolidated balance sheets by their level in the fair value hierarchy as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (amounts in thousands):


	September 30, 2020
	Total		Level I		Level II		Level III
Financial Assets:
Loans under fair value option	$	1,269,080	$	—	$	—	$	1,269,080
RMBS		170,270		—		—		170,270
CMBS		23,489		—		1,640		21,849
Equity security		10,058		10,058		—		—
Domestic servicing rights		14,589		—		—		14,589
Derivative assets		64,825		—		64,825		—
VIE assets		64,477,475		—		—		64,477,475
Total	$	66,029,786	$	10,058	$	66,465	$	65,953,263
Financial Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities	$	13,452	$	—	$	13,452	$	—
VIE liabilities		62,876,265		—		60,560,959		2,315,306
Total	$	62,889,717	$	—	$	60,574,411	$	2,315,306


	December 31, 2019
	Total		Level��I		Level II		Level III
Financial Assets:
Loans under fair value option	$	1,436,194	$	—	$	—	$	1,436,194
RMBS		189,576		—		—		189,576
CMBS		37,360		—		12,352		25,008
Equity security		12,664		12,664		—		—
Domestic servicing rights		16,917		—		—		16,917
Derivative assets		28,943		—		28,943		—
VIE assets		62,187,175		—				62,187,175
Total	$	63,908,829	$	12,664	$	41,295	$	63,854,870
Financial Liabilities:
Derivative liabilities	$	8,740	$	—	$	8,740	$	—
VIE liabilities		60,743,494		—		58,206,102		2,537,392
Total	$	60,752,234	$	—	$	58,214,842	$	2,537,392

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The changes in financial assets and liabilities classified as Level III are as follows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (amounts in thousands):


							Domestic
	Loans at						Servicing				VIE
Three Months Ended September 30, 2020	Fair Value		RMBS		CMBS		Rights		VIE Assets		Liabilities		Total
July 1, 2020 balance	$	894,613	$	174,281	$	21,891	$	13,955	$	64,175,387	$	(2,129,529)	$	63,150,598
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses):
Included in earnings:
Change in fair value / gain on sale		61,384		—		(56)		634		(202,560)		(30,577)		(171,175)
Net accretion		—		2,633		—		—		—		—		2,633
Included in OCI		—		(581)		—		—		—		—		(581)
Purchases / Originations		1,013,158		—		—		—		—		—		1,013,158
Sales		(656,818)		—		—		—		—		—		(656,818)
Cash repayments / receipts		(43,257)		(6,063)		(213)		—		—		(329)		(49,862)
Transfers into Level III		—		—		—		—		—		(485,332)		(485,332)
Transfers out of Level III		—		—		—		—		—		322,888		322,888
Consolidation of VIEs		—		—		—		—		512,300		—		512,300
Deconsolidation of VIEs		—		—		227		—		(7,652)		7,573		148
September 30, 2020 balance	$	1,269,080	$	170,270	$	21,849	$	14,589	$	64,477,475	$	(2,315,306)	$	63,637,957
Amount of unrealized gains (losses) attributable to assets still held at September 30, 2020:
Included in earnings	$	8,864	$	2,633	$	(56)	$	634	$	(194,147)	$	(30,577)	$	(212,649)
Included in OCI	$	—	$	(581)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(581)


							Domestic
	Loans at						Servicing				VIE
Three Months Ended September 30, 2019	Fair Value		RMBS		CMBS		Rights		VIE Assets		Liabilities		Total
July 1, 2019 balance	$	1,372,398	$	200,874	$	34,283	$	18,874	$	57,667,606	$	(2,374,002)	$	56,920,033
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses):
Included in earnings:
Change in fair value / gain on sale		32,512		—		432		(625)		(380,973)		28,005		(320,649)
Net accretion		—		2,446		—		—		—		—		2,446
Included in OCI		—		(578)		—		—		—		—		(578)
Purchases / Originations		1,123,553		—		5,165		—		—		—		1,128,718
Sales		(846,047)		—		—		—		—		—		(846,047)
Issuances		—		—		—		—		—		(22,958)		(22,958)
Cash repayments / receipts		(33,054)		(7,445)		(3,343)		—		—		(12,516)		(56,358)
Transfers into Level III		—		—		—		—		—		(122,911)		(122,911)
Transfers out of Level III		(225,813)		—		—		—		—		319,727		93,914
Consolidation of VIEs		—		—		—		—		1,999,780		(85,450)		1,914,330
Deconsolidation of VIEs		—		—		(657)		—		(37,359)		—		(38,016)
September 30, 2019 balance	$	1,423,549	$	195,297	$	35,880	$	18,249	$	59,249,054	$	(2,270,105)	$	58,651,924
Amount of unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings attributable to assets still held at September 30, 2019	$	4,537	$	2,390	$	434	$	(625)	$	(380,973)	$	28,005	$	(346,232)

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							Domestic
	Loans at						Servicing				VIE
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020	Fair Value		RMBS		CMBS		Rights		VIE Assets		Liabilities		Total
January 1, 2020 balance	$	1,436,194	$	189,576	$	25,008	$	16,917	$	62,187,175	$	(2,537,392)	$	61,317,478
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses):
Included in earnings:
Change in fair value / gain on sale		79,700		—		5,331		(2,328)		(1,291,705)		107,019		(1,101,983)
Net accretion		—		7,967		—		—		—		—		7,967
Included in OCI		—		(8,647)		—		—		—		—		(8,647)
Purchases / Originations		1,900,738		—		—		—		—		—		1,900,738
Sales		(1,998,255)		—		(7,940)		—		—		—		(2,006,195)
Issuances		—		—		—		—		—		(24,376)		(24,376)
Cash repayments / receipts		(149,297)		(18,626)		(777)		—		—		(9,589)		(178,289)
Transfers into Level III		—		—		—		—		—		(1,242,539)		(1,242,539)
Transfers out of Level III		—		—		—		—		—		1,455,093		1,455,093
Consolidation of VIEs		—		—		—		—		3,589,657		(71,095)		3,518,562
Deconsolidation of VIEs		—		—		227		—		(7,652)		7,573		148
September 30, 2020 balance	$	1,269,080	$	170,270	$	21,849	$	14,589	$	64,477,475	$	(2,315,306)	$	63,637,957
Amount of unrealized gains (losses) attributable to assets still held at September 30, 2020:
Included in earnings	$	8,551	$	7,967	$	(1,055)	$	(2,328)	$	(1,213,498)	$	107,019	$	(1,093,344)
Included in OCI	$	—	$	(8,647)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	(8,647)


							Domestic
	Loans at						Servicing				VIE
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019	Fair Value		RMBS		CMBS		Rights		VIE Assets		Liabilities		Total
January 1, 2019 balance	$	671,282	$	209,079	$	25,228	$	20,557	$	53,446,364	$	(1,441,446)	$	52,931,064
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses):
Included in earnings:
Change in fair value / gain on sale		65,669		—		1,153		(2,308)		39,961		51,907		156,382
Net accretion		—		7,484		—		—		—		—		7,484
Included in OCI		—		(1,044)		—		—		—		—		(1,044)
Purchases / Originations		2,775,787		—		5,165		—		—		—		2,780,952
Sales		(1,774,794)		—		(3,978)		—		—		—		(1,778,772)
Issuances		—		—		—		—		—		(81,681)		(81,681)
Cash repayments / receipts		(88,582)		(20,222)		(8,933)		—		—		(15,786)		(133,523)
Transfers into Level III		—		—		5,350		—		—		(1,374,505)		(1,369,155)
Transfers out of Level III		(225,813)		—		—		—		—		750,546		524,733
Consolidation of VIEs		—		—		—		—		6,103,915		(193,300)		5,910,615
Deconsolidation of VIEs		—		—		11,895		—		(341,186)		34,160		(295,131)
September 30, 2019 balance	$	1,423,549	$	195,297	$	35,880	$	18,249	$	59,249,054	$	(2,270,105)	$	58,651,924
Amount of total gains (losses) included in earnings attributable to assets still held at September 30, 2019	$	6,775	$	7,397	$	101	$	(2,308)	$	39,961	$	51,907	$	103,833

Amounts were transferred from Level II to Level III due to a decrease in the observable relevant market activity and amounts were transferred from Level III to Level II due to an increase in the observable relevant market activity.

The following table presents the fair values, all of which are classified in Level III of the fair value hierarchy, of our financial instruments not carried at fair value on the condensed consolidated balance sheets (amounts in thousands):


	September 30, 2020				December 31, 2019
	Carrying		Fair		Carrying		Fair
	Value		Value		Value		Value
Financial assets not carried at fair value:
Loans held-for-investment and loans held-for-sale	$	10,662,245	$	10,583,876	$	10,034,030	$	10,086,372
HTM debt securities		541,296		512,808		570,638		568,727
Financial liabilities not carried at fair value:
Secured financing agreements and CLO	$	10,545,823	$	10,495,587	$	9,834,108	$	9,826,511
Unsecured senior notes		1,934,555		1,917,805		1,928,622		2,022,283

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The following is quantitative information about significant unobservable inputs in our Level III measurements for those assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (dollars in thousands):


	Carrying Value at		Valuation	Unobservable	Range (Weighted Average) as of (1)
	September 30, 2020		Technique	Input	September 30, 2020	December 31, 2019
Loans under fair value option	$	1,269,080	Discounted cash flow	Yield (b)	3.3% - 9.7% (4.7%)	3.4% - 5.9%
				Duration (c)	1.5 - 10.8 years (4.8 years)	1.3 - 11.3 years
RMBS		170,270	Discounted cash flow	Constant prepayment rate (a)	3.2% - 16.4% (7.3%)	3.1% - 24.9%
				Constant default rate (b)	1.3% - 5.0% (2.6%)	0.5% - 5.0%
				Loss severity (b)	0% - 79% (26%) (e)	0% - 93% (e)
				Delinquency rate (c)	8% - 28% (18%)	5% - 29%
				Servicer advances (a)	24% - 85% (61%)	27% - 85%
				Annual coupon deterioration (b)	0.0% - 0.9% (0.1%)	0% - 1.6%
				Putback amount per projected total collateral loss (d)	0% -25% (1.1%)	0% - 28%
CMBS		21,849	Discounted cash flow	Yield (b)	0% - 700.5% (6.1%)	0% - 122.9%
				Duration (c)	0 - 8.9 years (5.5 years)	0 - 9.7 years
Domestic servicing rights		14,589	Discounted cash flow	Debt yield (a)	7.75% (7.75%)	7.50%
				Discount rate (b)	15% (15%)	15%
VIE assets		64,477,475	Discounted cash flow	Yield (b)	0% - 751.1% (13.3%)	0% - 690.7%
				Duration (c)	0 - 19 years (3.9 years)	0 - 19.2 years
VIE liabilities		(2,315,306)	Discounted cash flow	Yield (b)	0% - 751.1% (13.3%)	0% - 690.7%
				Duration (c)	0 - 11.0 years (3.8 years)	0 - 12.7 years

(1)	The ranges and weighted averages of significant unobservable inputs are represented in percentages and years. Unobservable inputs were weighted by the relative carrying value of the instruments as of September 30, 2020.

Information about Uncertainty of Fair Value Measurements

(a)	Significant increase (decrease) in the unobservable input in isolation would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement.

(b)	Significant increase (decrease) in the unobservable input in isolation would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement.

(c)	Significant increase (decrease) in the unobservable input in isolation would result in either a significantly lower or higher (higher or lower) fair value measurement depending on the structural features of the security in question.

(d)	Any delay in the putback recovery date leads to a decrease in fair value for the majority of securities in our RMBS portfolio.

(e)	17% and 34% of the portfolio falls within a range of 45% - 80% as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

20. Income Taxes

Certain of our domestic subsidiaries have elected to be treated as taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRSs”). TRSs permit us to participate in certain activities from which REITs are generally precluded, as long as these activities meet specific criteria, are conducted within the parameters of certain limitations established by the Code and are conducted in entities which elect to be treated as taxable subsidiaries under the Code. To the extent these criteria are met, we will continue to maintain our qualification as a REIT.

Our TRSs engage in various real estate related operations, including special servicing of commercial real estate, originating and securitizing mortgage loans, and investing in entities which engage in real estate-related operations. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, approximately $1.3 billion and $1.6 billion, respectively, of assets were owned by TRS entities. Our TRSs are not consolidated for U.S. federal income tax purposes, but are instead taxed as corporations. For financial reporting purposes, a provision for current and deferred taxes is established for the portion of earnings recognized by us with respect to our interest in TRSs.

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The following table is a reconciliation of our U.S. federal income tax (benefit) provision determined using our statutory federal tax rate to our reported income tax (benefit) provision for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (dollars in thousands):


	For the Three Months Ended September 30,								For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020				2019				2020				2019
Federal statutory tax rate	$	37,711	21.0	%	$	32,448	21.0	%	$	54,231	21.0	%	$	77,140	21.0	%
REIT and other non-taxable loss		(24,688)	(13.7)	%		(28,870)	(18.7)	%		(41,697)	(16.2)	%		(71,042)	(19.3)	%
State income taxes		4,278	2.4	%		937	0.6	%		4,118	1.6	%		1,597	0.4	%
Federal benefit of state tax deduction		(899)	(0.5)	%		(196)	(0.1)	%		(865)	(0.3)	%		(335)	(0.1)	%
Net operating loss carryback rate differential		(1,569)	(0.9)	%		—	—	%		(5,286)	(2.0)	%		—	—	%
Intra-entity transfer		—	—	%		—	—	%		(3,781)	(1.5)	%		—	—	%
Other		10	—	%		194	0.1	%		96	—	%		1,020	0.3	%
Effective tax rate	$	14,843	8.3	%	$	4,513	2.9	%	$	6,816	2.6	%	$	8,380	2.3	%

The Company has used the discrete tax approach in calculating the tax benefit for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 due to the fact that a relatively small change in the Company’s projected pre-tax net income could result in a volatile effective tax rate. Under the discrete method, the Company determines its tax benefit based upon actual results as if the interim period was an annual period.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. and many other governments have enacted, or are contemplating enacting, measures to provide aid and economic stimulus. These measures include deferring the due dates of tax payments and other changes to their income and non-income-based tax laws. The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”), which was enacted on March 27, 2020 in the U.S., includes measures to assist companies, including temporary changes to income and non-income-based tax laws, and to allow companies to carry back tax net operating losses (“NOLs”) generated in 2018 to 2020 to the five preceding tax years. The Company plans to carry back its NOL generated this year to a year in which the federal tax rate was 35%, resulting in a tax benefit from the NOL carryback for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020. We continue to monitor additional guidance issued by the U.S. Treasury Department, the Internal Revenue Service and others.

21. Commitments and Contingencies

As of September 30, 2020, our Commercial and Residential Lending Segment had future commercial loan funding commitments totaling $1.8 billion, of which we expect to fund $1.6 billion. These future funding commitments primarily relate to construction projects, capital improvements, tenant improvements and leasing commissions.

As of September 30, 2020, our Infrastructure Lending Segment had future infrastructure loan funding commitments totaling $241.6 million, including $146.2 million under revolvers and letters of credit (“LCs”), and $95.4 million under delayed draw term loans. As of September 30, 2020, $25.6 million of revolvers and LCs were outstanding.

In connection with the Infrastructure Lending Segment acquisition, we assumed guarantees of certain borrowers’ performance under existing interest rate swaps. As of September 30, 2020, we had 6 outstanding guarantees on interest rate swaps maturing between March 2022 and June 2025. Refer to Note 12 for further discussion.

Generally, funding commitments are subject to certain conditions that must be met, such as customary construction draw certifications, minimum debt service coverage ratios or executions of new leases before advances are made to the borrower.

Management is not aware of any other contractual obligations, legal proceedings, or any other contingent obligations incurred in the normal course of business that would have a material adverse effect on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

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22. Segment Data

In its operation of the business, management, including our chief operating decision maker, who is our Chief Executive Officer, reviews certain financial information, including segmented internal profit and loss statements prepared on a basis prior to the impact of consolidating securitization VIEs under ASC 810. The segment information within this Note is reported on that basis.

The table below presents our results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2020 by business segment (amounts in thousands):


	Commercial and
	Residential		Infrastructure				Investing
	Lending		Lending		Property		and Servicing						Securitization
	Segment		Segment		Segment		Segment		Corporate		Subtotal		VIEs		Total
Revenues:
Interest income from loans	$	149,972	$	17,835	$	—	$	1,597	$	—	$	169,404	$	—	$	169,404
Interest income from investment securities		21,385		635		—		23,587		—		45,607		(33,421)		12,186
Servicing fees		110		—		—		13,749		—		13,859		(4,311)		9,548
Rental income		2,014		—		63,925		10,039		—		75,978		—		75,978
Other revenues		66		101		48		98		—		313		(2)		311
Total revenues		173,547		18,571		63,973		49,070		—		305,161		(37,734)		267,427
Costs and expenses:
Management fees		297		—		—		221		22,596		23,114		13		23,127
Interest expense		38,422		8,914		16,180		5,425		27,040		95,981		—		95,981
General and administrative		12,483		3,568		1,094		18,813		3,436		39,394		84		39,478
Acquisition and investment pursuit costs		757		62		—		65		—		884		—		884
Costs of rental operations		643		—		24,302		4,577		—		29,522		—		29,522
Depreciation and amortization		430		87		19,130		3,934		—		23,581		—		23,581
Credit loss provision (reversal), net		782		(4,369)		—		—		—		(3,587)		—		(3,587)
Other expense		77		—		95		—		—		172		—		172
Total costs and expenses		53,891		8,262		60,801		33,035		53,072		209,061		97		209,158
Other income (loss):
Change in net assets related to consolidated VIEs		—		—		—		—		—		—		58,585		58,585
Change in fair value of servicing rights		—		—		—		3,960		—		3,960		(3,326)		634
Change in fair value of investment securities, net		13,611		—		—		3,249		—		16,860		(17,059)		(199)
Change in fair value of mortgage loans, net		59,402		—		—		1,982		—		61,384		—		61,384
Earnings (loss) from unconsolidated entities		3,253		(80)		—		358		—		3,531		(339)		3,192
(Loss) gain on derivative financial instruments, net		(28,577)		110		(313)		38		645		(28,097)		—		(28,097)
Foreign currency gain, net		25,302		110		14		26		—		25,452		—		25,452
Other (loss) income, net		—		—		(1)		358		—		357		—		357
Total other income (loss)		72,991		140		(300)		9,971		645		83,447		37,861		121,308
Income (loss) before income taxes		192,647		10,449		2,872		26,006		(52,427)		179,547		30		179,577
Income tax (provision) benefit		(16,700)		(86)		—		1,943		—		(14,843)		—		(14,843)
Net income (loss)		175,947		10,363		2,872		27,949		(52,427)		164,704		30		164,734
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests		(3)		—		(5,072)		(7,795)		—		(12,870)		(30)		(12,900)
Net income (loss) attributable to Starwood Property Trust, Inc.	$	175,944	$	10,363	$	(2,200)	$	20,154	$	(52,427)	$	151,834	$	—	$	151,834

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The table below presents our results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2019 by business segment (amounts in thousands):


	Commercial and
	Residential		Infrastructure				Investing
	Lending		Lending		Property		and Servicing						Securitization
	Segment		Segment		Segment		Segment		Corporate		Subtotal		VIEs		Total
Revenues:
Interest income from loans	$	145,290	$	22,763	$	—	$	3,977	$	—	$	172,030	$	—	$	172,030
Interest income from investment securities		18,163		810		—		32,556		—		51,529		(34,853)		16,676
Servicing fees		97		—		—		18,243		—		18,340		(4,007)		14,333
Rental income		—		—		72,251		12,403		—		84,654		—		84,654
Other revenues		258		39		125		218		—		640		(3)		637
Total revenues		163,808		23,612		72,376		67,397		—		327,193		(38,863)		288,330
Costs and expenses:
Management fees		363		—		—		18		29,829		30,210		28		30,238
Interest expense		51,844		14,422		19,020		8,891		29,142		123,319		(163)		123,156
General and administrative		7,104		4,315		2,170		22,915		3,184		39,688		78		39,766
Acquisition and investment pursuit costs		506		21		—		(364)		—		163		—		163
Costs of rental operations		765		—		24,784		6,019		—		31,568		—		31,568
Depreciation and amortization		339		15		23,106		4,809		—		28,269		—		28,269
Credit loss reversal, net		(39)		—		—		—		—		(39)		—		(39)
Other expense		77		—		46		—		—		123		—		123
Total costs and expenses		60,959		18,773		69,126		42,288		62,155		253,301		(57)		253,244
Other income (loss):
Change in net assets related to consolidated VIEs		—		—		—		—		—		—		61,767		61,767
Change in fair value of servicing rights		—		—		—		57		—		57		(682)		(625)
Change in fair value of investment securities, net		(303)		—		—		22,476		—		22,173		(21,907)		266
Change in fair value of mortgage loans, net		10,088		—		—		22,433		—		32,521		—		32,521
Earnings from unconsolidated entities		2,507		—		223		253		—		2,983		(236)		2,747
Gain (loss) on sale of investments and other assets, net		482		(25)		—		20,700		—		21,157		—		21,157
Gain (loss) on derivative financial instruments, net		15,729		(109)		5,900		(6,376)		6,789		21,933		—		21,933
Foreign currency loss, net		(15,337)		(319)		(8)		—		—		(15,664)		—		(15,664)
Loss on extinguishment of debt		(857)		(2,101)		—		(194)		(1,472)		(4,624)		—		(4,624)
Other loss, net		—		(50)		—		—		—		(50)		—		(50)
Total other income (loss)		12,309		(2,604)		6,115		59,349		5,317		80,486		38,942		119,428
Income (loss) before income taxes		115,158		2,235		9,365		84,458		(56,838)		154,378		136		154,514
Income tax (provision) benefit		(3,194)		475		—		(1,794)		—		(4,513)		—		(4,513)
Net income (loss)		111,964		2,710		9,365		82,664		(56,838)		149,865		136		150,001
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests		—		—		(5,250)		(4,219)		—		(9,469)		(136)		(9,605)
Net income (loss) attributable to Starwood Property Trust, Inc.	$	111,964	$	2,710	$	4,115	$	78,445	$	(56,838)	$	140,396	$	—	$	140,396

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The table below presents our results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 by business segment (amounts in thousands):


	Commercial and
	Residential		Infrastructure				Investing
	Lending		Lending		Property		and Servicing						Securitization
	Segment		Segment		Segment		Segment		Corporate		Subtotal		VIEs		Total
Revenues:
Interest income from loans	$	492,489	$	59,374	$	—	$	6,071	$	—	$	557,934	$	—	$	557,934
Interest income from investment securities		57,358		2,019		—		73,311		—		132,688		(90,618)		42,070
Servicing fees		424		—		—		28,782		—		29,206		(8,207)		20,999
Rental income		2,782		—		191,452		28,600		—		222,834		—		222,834
Other revenues		298		344		228		891		—		1,761		(5)		1,756
Total revenues		553,351		61,737		191,680		137,655		—		944,423		(98,830)		845,593
Costs and expenses:
Management fees		987		—		—		680		85,257		86,924		46		86,970
Interest expense		134,243		31,709		49,243		18,796		83,670		317,661		(162)		317,499
General and administrative		29,230		12,328		3,453		54,490		11,105		110,606		251		110,857
Acquisition and investment pursuit costs		2,195		1,179		12		(3)		—		3,383		—		3,383
Costs of rental operations		2,409		—		71,857		13,102		—		87,368		—		87,368
Depreciation and amortization		1,275		246		57,571		11,890		—		70,982		—		70,982
Credit loss provision, net		52,293		2,991		—		—		—		55,284		—		55,284
Other expense		230		—		432		—		—		662		—		662
Total costs and expenses		222,862		48,453		182,568		98,955		180,032		732,870		135		733,005
Other income (loss):
Change in net assets related to consolidated VIEs		—		—		—		—		—		—		64,353		64,353
Change in fair value of servicing rights		—		—		—		9,606		—		9,606		(11,934)		(2,328)
Change in fair value of investment securities, net		(8,814)		—		—		(36,026)		—		(44,840)		47,972		3,132
Change in fair value of mortgage loans, net		56,895		—		—		22,805		—		79,700		—		79,700
Earnings (loss) from unconsolidated entities		3,975		(1,198)		—		30,504		—		33,281		(1,216)		32,065
(Loss) gain on sale of investments and other assets, net		(961)		296		—		7,433		—		6,768		—		6,768
(Loss) gain on derivative financial instruments, net		(9,508)		(1,328)		(35,150)		(22,896)		34,397		(34,485)		—		(34,485)
Foreign currency (loss) gain, net		(1,757)		(53)		(53)		2		—		(1,861)		—		(1,861)
Loss on extinguishment of debt		(22)		(170)		(2,185)		—		—		(2,377)		—		(2,377)
Other income, net		—		—		240		447		—		687		—		687
Total other income (loss)		39,808		(2,453)		(37,148)		11,875		34,397		46,479		99,175		145,654
Income (loss) before income taxes		370,297		10,831		(28,036)		50,575		(145,635)		258,032		210		258,242
Income tax (provision) benefit		(15,535)		3		—		8,716		—		(6,816)		—		(6,816)
Net income (loss)		354,762		10,834		(28,036)		59,291		(145,635)		251,216		210		251,426
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests		(10)		—		(15,294)		(11,191)		—		(26,495)		(210)		(26,705)
Net income (loss) attributable to Starwood Property Trust, Inc.	$	354,752	$	10,834	$	(43,330)	$	48,100	$	(145,635)	$	224,721	$	—	$	224,721

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The table below presents our results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 by business segment (amounts in thousands):


	Commercial and
	Residential		Infrastructure				Investing
	Lending		Lending		Property		and Servicing						Securitization
	Segment		Segment		Segment		Segment		Corporate		Subtotal		VIEs		Total
Revenues:
Interest income from loans	$	462,956	$	74,969	$	—	$	8,987	$	—	$	546,912	$	—	$	546,912
Interest income from investment securities		62,438		2,563		—		88,012		—		153,013		(96,160)		56,853
Servicing fees		310		—		—		61,366		—		61,676		(13,902)		47,774
Rental income		—		—		215,098		40,686		—		255,784		—		255,784
Other revenues		714		732		291		929		26		2,692		(24)		2,668
Total revenues		526,418		78,264		215,389		199,980		26		1,020,077		(110,086)		909,991
Costs and expenses:
Management fees		1,127		—		—		54		74,924		76,105		122		76,227
Interest expense		172,012		49,257		57,142		25,152		84,878		388,441		(487)		387,954
General and administrative		20,626		13,624		5,394		61,943		10,429		112,016		258		112,274
Acquisition and investment pursuit costs		915		51		—		(387)		—		579		—		579
Costs of rental operations		1,525		—		70,846		19,503		—		91,874		—		91,874
Depreciation and amortization		695		15		70,078		15,287		—		86,075		—		86,075
Credit loss provision, net		2,046		1,196		—		—		—		3,242		—		3,242
Other expense		230		—		1,353		194		—		1,777		—		1,777
Total costs and expenses		199,176		64,143		204,813		121,746		170,231		760,109		(107)		760,002
Other income (loss):
Change in net assets related to consolidated VIEs		—		—		—		—		—		—		164,761		164,761
Change in fair value of servicing rights		—		—		—		(1,617)		—		(1,617)		(691)		(2,308)
Change in fair value of investment securities, net		(2,945)		—		—		56,431		—		53,486		(52,491)		995
Change in fair value of mortgage loans, net		16,837		—		—		48,841		—		65,678		—		65,678
Earnings (loss) from unconsolidated entities		8,576		—		(42,538)		3,601		—		(30,361)		(1,275)		(31,636)
Gain on sale of investments and other assets, net		3,476		3,041		—		21,640		—		28,157		—		28,157
Gain (loss) on derivative financial instruments, net		12,024		(3,337)		(3,957)		(16,761)		31,725		19,694		—		19,694
Foreign currency loss, net		(17,025)		(102)		(7)		—		—		(17,134)		—		(17,134)
Loss on extinguishment of debt		(857)		(8,221)		—		(194)		(1,466)		(10,738)		—		(10,738)
Other loss, net		—		(50)		—		—		(73)		(123)		—		(123)
Total other income (loss)		20,086		(8,669)		(46,502)		111,941		30,186		107,042		110,304		217,346
Income (loss) before income taxes		347,328		5,452		(35,926)		190,175		(140,019)		367,010		325		367,335
Income tax (provision) benefit		(4,778)		746		(258)		(4,090)		—		(8,380)		—		(8,380)
Net income (loss)		342,550		6,198		(36,184)		186,085		(140,019)		358,630		325		358,955
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests		(392)		—		(16,322)		(4,121)		—		(20,835)		(325)		(21,160)
Net income (loss) attributable to Starwood Property Trust, Inc.	$	342,158	$	6,198	$	(52,506)	$	181,964	$	(140,019)	$	337,795	$	—	$	337,795

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The table below presents our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2020 by business segment (amounts in thousands):


	Commercial and
	Residential		Infrastructure				Investing
	Lending		Lending		Property		and Servicing						Securitization
	Segment		Segment		Segment		Segment		Corporate		Subtotal		VIEs		Total
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	19,111	$	994	$	38,119	$	22,054	$	298,844	$	379,122	$	748	$	379,870
Restricted cash		69,351		31,515		7,632		22,838		—		131,336		—		131,336
Loans held-for-investment, net		9,373,503		1,544,068		—		1,081		—		10,918,652		—		10,918,652
Loans held-for-sale		747,654		—		—		265,019		—		1,012,673		—		1,012,673
Investment securities		1,152,362		39,813		—		1,097,322		—		2,289,497		(1,544,384)		745,113
Properties, net		27,123		—		1,983,124		197,575		—		2,207,822		—		2,207,822
Intangible assets		—		—		41,946		70,374		—		112,320		(38,181)		74,139
Investment in unconsolidated entities		50,850		24,664		—		45,236		—		120,750		(16,366)		104,384
Goodwill		—		119,409		—		140,437		—		259,846		—		259,846
Derivative assets		25,805		—		54		1,250		37,716		64,825		—		64,825
Accrued interest receivable		72,344		3,244		—		334		3,484		79,406		(1,376)		78,030
Other assets		24,705		4,216		70,369		52,352		11,829		163,471		3		163,474
VIE assets, at fair value		—		—		—		—		—		—		64,477,475		64,477,475
Total Assets	$	11,562,808	$	1,767,923	$	2,141,244	$	1,915,872	$	351,873	$	17,739,720	$	62,877,919	$	80,617,639
Liabilities and Equity
Liabilities:
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	$	36,378	$	8,545	$	49,758	$	35,796	$	70,956	$	201,433	$	58	$	201,491
Related-party payable		—		—		—		5		22,091		22,096		—		22,096
Dividends payable		—		—		—		—		138,264		138,264		—		138,264
Derivative liabilities		8,839		1,516		—		3,097		—		13,452		—		13,452
Secured financing agreements, net		5,576,092		1,243,001		1,793,731		614,055		389,013		9,615,892		—		9,615,892
Collateralized loan obligations, net		929,931		—		—		—		—		929,931		—		929,931
Unsecured senior notes, net		—		—		—		—		1,934,555		1,934,555		—		1,934,555
VIE liabilities, at fair value		—		—		—		—		—		—		62,876,265		62,876,265
Total Liabilities		6,551,240		1,253,062		1,843,489		652,953		2,554,879		12,855,623		62,876,323		75,731,946
Equity:
Starwood Property Trust, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity:
Common stock		—		—		—		—		2,918		2,918		—		2,918
Additional paid-in capital		1,165,764		509,848		115,246		(124,805)		3,534,663		5,200,716		—		5,200,716
Treasury stock		—		—		—		—		(133,024)		(133,024)		—		(133,024)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		42,350		—		—		(65)		—		42,285		—		42,285
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)		3,803,336		5,013		(42,898)		1,243,098		(5,607,563)		(599,014)		—		(599,014)
Total Starwood Property Trust, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity		5,011,450		514,861		72,348		1,118,228		(2,203,006)		4,513,881		—		4,513,881
Non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiaries		118		—		225,407		144,691		—		370,216		1,596		371,812
Total Equity		5,011,568		514,861		297,755		1,262,919		(2,203,006)		4,884,097		1,596		4,885,693
Total Liabilities and Equity	$	11,562,808	$	1,767,923	$	2,141,244	$	1,915,872	$	351,873	$	17,739,720	$	62,877,919	$	80,617,639

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The table below presents our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019 by business segment (amounts in thousands):


	Commercial and
	Residential		Infrastructure				Investing
	Lending		Lending		Property		and Servicing						Securitization
	Segment		Segment		Segment		Segment		Corporate		Subtotal		VIEs		Total
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	26,278	$	2,209	$	30,123	$	61,693	$	356,864	$	477,167	$	1,221	$	478,388
Restricted cash		36,135		41,967		7,171		10,370		—		95,643		—		95,643
Loans held-for-investment, net		9,187,332		1,397,448		—		1,294		—		10,586,074		—		10,586,074
Loans held-for-sale		605,384		119,528		—		159,238		—		884,150		—		884,150
Investment securities		992,974		45,153		—		1,177,148		—		2,215,275		(1,405,037)		810,238
Properties, net		26,834		—		2,029,024		210,582		—		2,266,440		—		2,266,440
Intangible assets		—		—		47,303		64,644		—		111,947		(26,247)		85,700
Investment in unconsolidated entities		46,921		25,862		—		32,183		—		104,966		(20,637)		84,329
Goodwill		—		119,409		—		140,437		—		259,846		—		259,846
Derivative assets		14,718		7		3		7		14,208		28,943		—		28,943
Accrued interest receivable		45,996		3,134		133		2,388		13,242		64,893		(806)		64,087
Other assets		59,170		6,101		82,910		54,238		8,911		211,330		(7)		211,323
VIE assets, at fair value		—		—		—		—		—		—		62,187,175		62,187,175
Total Assets	$	11,041,742	$	1,760,818	$	2,196,667	$	1,914,222	$	393,225	$	17,306,674	$	60,735,662	$	78,042,336
Liabilities and Equity
Liabilities:
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities	$	30,594	$	6,443	$	48,370	$	73,021	$	53,494	$	211,922	$	84	$	212,006
Related-party payable		—		—		—		5		40,920		40,925		—		40,925
Dividends payable		—		—		—		—		137,427		137,427		—		137,427
Derivative liabilities		7,698		750		—		292		—		8,740		—		8,740
Secured financing agreements, net		5,038,876		1,217,066		1,698,334		574,507		391,215		8,919,998		(13,950)		8,906,048
Collateralized loan obligations, net		928,060		—		—		—		—		928,060		—		928,060
Unsecured senior notes, net		—		—		—		—		1,928,622		1,928,622		—		1,928,622
VIE liabilities, at fair value		—		—		—		—		—		—		60,743,494		60,743,494
Total Liabilities		6,005,228		1,224,259		1,746,704		647,825		2,551,678		12,175,694		60,729,628		72,905,322
Equity:
Starwood Property Trust, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity:
Common stock		—		—		—		—		2,874		2,874		—		2,874
Additional paid-in capital		1,522,360		529,668		208,650		(123,210)		2,995,064		5,132,532		—		5,132,532
Treasury stock		—		—		—		—		(104,194)		(104,194)		—		(104,194)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		50,996		—		—		(64)		—		50,932		—		50,932
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)		3,463,158		6,891		5,431		1,194,998		(5,052,197)		(381,719)		—		(381,719)
Total Starwood Property Trust, Inc. Stockholders’ Equity		5,036,514		536,559		214,081		1,071,724		(2,158,453)		4,700,425		—		4,700,425
Non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiaries		—		—		235,882		194,673		—		430,555		6,034		436,589
Total Equity		5,036,514		536,559		449,963		1,266,397		(2,158,453)		5,130,980		6,034		5,137,014
Total Liabilities and Equity	$	11,041,742	$	1,760,818	$	2,196,667	$	1,914,222	$	393,225	$	17,306,674	$	60,735,662	$	78,042,336

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23. Subsequent Events

Our significant events subsequent to September 30, 2020 were as follows:

Unsecured Senior Notes

In October 2020, we issued conditional notices of redemption for our $500.0 million senior notes due February 2021. On November 2, 2020, $250.0 million principal amount of such notes was redeemed and the remaining $250 million is subject to redemption on November 18, 2020.

In November 2020, we issued $300.0 million of 5.50% Senior Notes due 2023 which mature on November 1, 2023.

Secured Financing Agreements

In October 2020, we amended a Term Loan facility to increase borrowings by $250.0 million to $646.0 million. The Term Loan increase carries a six-year term and an annual interest rate of LIBOR + 3.50%. The proceeds were used to redeem a portion of our $500.0 million senior notes due February 2021.

In October 2020, we entered into a Residential repurchase facility to finance residential loans. The facility carries a rolling 18-month term which may reset annually with the lender’s consent and an annual interest rate of one-month LIBOR + 2.30%. The maximum facility size is $350.0 million.

Commercial Mortgage Loan Securitization

In October 2020, we received proceeds of $253.0 million from the securitization of $231.8 million of commercial loans.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

This “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” should be read in conjunction with the information included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 (our “Form 10-K”). This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results could differ significantly from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. See “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” at the beginning of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. See also “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a detailed discussion of the potential impacts on our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, the market price of our common stock and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders from the COVID-19 pandemic.

Overview

We have four reportable business segments as of September 30, 2020 and we refer to the investments within these segments as our target assets:

●

Infrastructure lending (the “Infrastructure Lending Segment”)—engages primarily in originating, acquiring, financing and managing infrastructure debt investments.

●

Our segments exclude the consolidation of securitization variable interest entities (“VIEs”).

Refer to Note 1 of our condensed consolidated financial statements included herein (the “Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements”) for further discussion of our business and organization.

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COVID-19 Pandemic

During the first quarter of 2020, there was a global outbreak of a novel coronavirus, or COVID-19, which has spread to over 200 countries and territories, including the United States, has spread to every state in the United States, and is continuing to spread. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic, and since then, numerous countries, including the U.S., have declared national emergencies with respect to COVID-19 and have instituted “stay-at-home” guidelines or orders to help prevent its spread. Such actions are creating disruptions in global supply chains, increasing rates of unemployment and adversely impacting many industries. The outbreak could have a continued adverse impact on economic and market conditions and trigger a period of global economic slowdown.

The outbreak of COVID-19 and its impact on the current financial, economic and capital markets environment, and future developments in these and other areas, present uncertainty and risk with respect to our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, and ability to pay distributions. We expect that these impacts are likely to continue to some extent as the outbreak persists and potentially even longer. The rapid development and fluidity of this situation precludes any prediction as to the ultimate adverse impact of COVID-19 on economic and market conditions, and, as a result, present material uncertainty and risk with respect to us and the performance of our investments. The full extent of the impact and effects of COVID-19 will depend on future developments, including, among other factors, the duration and spread of the outbreak, along with related travel advisories, quarantines and restrictions, the recovery time of the disrupted supply chains and industries, the impact of labor market interruptions, the impact of government interventions, and uncertainty with respect to the duration of the global economic slowdown.

Further discussion of the potential impacts on our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, the market price of our common stock and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders from the COVID-19 pandemic is provided in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Asset Performance and Collections

We maintain an in-house team of asset management professionals who oversee our commercial loans and are in regular communication with these borrowers. We have utilized these relationships to address the potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic to the assets which secure our loans, particularly hospitality assets. Some of our borrowers have indicated that due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, they will be unable to timely execute their business plans, have had to temporarily close their businesses, or have experienced other negative business consequences which have led to cash flow pressures at the underlying properties. In some cases, these borrowers have requested temporary interest deferral or forbearance, or other modifications of their loans.

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, we closed 12 payment related loan modifications, representing an aggregate principal balance of $1.3 billion and $10.6 million of interest deferrals for the quarter ended September 30, 2020. These loan modifications principally included temporary deferrals of interest and the repurposing of reserves, many of which were coupled with additional equity commitments from sponsors. We are generally encouraged by our borrowers’ initial response to the COVID-19 pandemic’s impacts on their properties. While we believe the principal amounts of our loans are generally adequately protected by underlying collateral value, there is a risk that we will not realize the entire principal value of certain investments.

Within residential lending, we continue to monitor the impact of forbearance arrangements granted by our master servicer for loans which have been securitized. In securitized transactions with advancing arrangements, the master servicer has advanced 100% of all unpaid principal and interest.

In our property segment, we collected 96% of rents due in the three months ended September 30, 2020. Collections were particularly strong in our Woodstar I and Woodstar II affordable housing portfolios, where 97% of rent due was collected. Given current demographic trends, which tend to favor flexible rental arrangements, we continue to see sustained demand in multifamily and decreased turnover.

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In our infrastructure segment, we collected 100% of interest due in the three months ended September 30, 2020. We did not grant any payment related loan modifications during the three months ended September 30, 2020.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Developments During the Third Quarter of 2020

Commercial and Residential Lending Segment

●

Originated or acquired $440.7 million of commercial loans during the quarter, including the following:

£180.1 million ($238.1 million) first mortgage loan on a portfolio of 27 student housing properties located in the United Kingdom, of which the Company funded $235.0 million.

€50.0 million ($59.3 million) first mortgage loan on a portfolio of 139 industrial assets located in the Netherlands and France, which the Company fully funded.

$42.7 million first mortgage and mezzanine loan on a four-acre industrially zoned land parcel located in New York, of which the Company funded $32.8 million.

Acquired a $94.0 million first mortgage on a loan we originated in 2019 on a 310-key New York hotel, in which we originally retained the $36.0 million mezzanine position; in connection with this acquisition, our mezzanine loan was repaid and our basis per key was reduced by 25%.

●

Funded $228.6 million of previously originated commercial loan and preferred equity commitments.

●

Received gross proceeds of $334.8 million ($110.2 million, net of debt repayments) from maturities and principal repayments on our commercial loans and single-borrower CMBS.

●

Acquired $786.6 million of residential mortgage loans.

●

Received proceeds of $499.3 million, including retained RMBS of $43.1 million, from the securitization of $478.9 million of residential mortgage loans.

Infrastructure Lending Segment

●

Acquired $25.0 million of infrastructure loans and funded $44.2 million of pre-existing infrastructure loan commitments.

●

Received proceeds of $28.1 million from principal repayments on our infrastructure loans and bonds.

Investing and Servicing Segment

●

Originated commercial conduit loans of $226.6 million. Separately, received proceeds of $157.5 million from sales of previously originated commercial conduit loans.

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Developments During the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020

Commercial and Residential Lending Segment

●

Originated or acquired $1.5 billion of commercial loans during the period, including the following:

£180.1 million ($238.1 million) first mortgage loan on a portfolio of 27 student housing properties located in the United Kingdom, of which the Company funded $235.0 million.

$220.0 million first mortgage and mezzanine loan on a 41-property extended stay portfolio located across the U.S, of which the Company funded $205.0 million.

$197.2 million first mortgage loan to refinance the existing leasehold debt and provide acquisition financing for the fee interest in an 878,843 square-foot, six building office park located in California, of which the Company funded $193.2 million.

$150.0 million first mortgage and mezzanine loan to refinance 13 newly constructed self-storage facilities located across the U.S., of which the Company funded $128.5 million.

$119.5 million first mortgage loan to refinance a 54-story oceanfront residential building located in Florida, of which the Company funded $101.0 million.

●

Received gross proceeds of $224.5 million and $172.1 million ($37.7 million and $172.1 million, net of debt repayments) from sales of senior interests in first mortgage loans and whole loan interests, respectively.

●

Funded $793.0 million of previously originated commercial loan and preferred equity commitments.

●

Received gross proceeds of $1.2 billion ($571.1 million, net of debt repayments) from maturities and principal repayments on our commercial loans and single-borrower CMBS.

●

Acquired $1.3 billion of residential mortgage loans.

●

Received proceeds of $1.5 billion, including retained RMBS of $257.8 million, from the securitization of $1.4 billion of residential mortgage loans.

Infrastructure Lending Segment

●

Acquired $40.2 million of infrastructure loans and funded $143.2 million of pre-existing infrastructure loan commitments.

●

Received proceeds of $38.4 million from sales of infrastructure loans and $103.6 million from maturities and principal repayments on our infrastructure loans and bonds.

Property Segment

●

Refinanced our Woodstar I Portfolio by entering into mortgage loans with total borrowings of $217.1 million. The loans carry ten-year terms and weighted average annual interest rates of LIBOR + 2.71%. A portion of the net proceeds from the mortgage loans was used to repay $117.0 million of outstanding government sponsored mortgage loans.

Investing and Servicing Segment

●

Originated commercial conduit loans of $593.3 million. Separately, received proceeds of $509.9 million from sales of previously originated commercial conduit loans.

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●

Obtained nine new special servicing assignments for CMBS trusts with a total unpaid principal balance of $7.8 billion.

●

Acquired CMBS for a purchase price of $7.7 million and sold CMBS for total gross proceeds of $32.3 million, of which $10.9 million related to non-controlling interests.

●

Sold a portion of our equity interest in a servicing and advisory business and recognized a gain of $10.3 million. We further increased the value of our remaining investment to reflect the fair value as of that date based on the sales price of the interest sold and recognized a gain of $17.6 million.

●

Sold commercial real estate for gross proceeds of $24.1 million and recognized a gain of $7.4 million.

Corporate Financing

●

Repurchased 1,925,421 shares of common stock with a weighted average repurchase price of $14.95 per share for a total cost of $28.8 million.

Subsequent Events

Refer to Note 23 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for disclosure regarding significant transactions that occurred subsequent to September 30, 2020.

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Results of Operations

The discussion below is based on accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and therefore reflects the elimination of certain key financial statement line items related to the consolidation of securitization variable interest entities (“VIEs”), particularly within revenues and other income, as discussed in Note 2 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. For a discussion of our results of operations excluding the impact of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 810 as it relates to the consolidation of securitization VIEs, refer to the section captioned “Non-GAAP Financial Measures”.

The following table compares our summarized results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 by business segment (amounts in thousands):


	For the Three Months Ended						For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2020		2019		$ Change		2020		2019		$ Change
Revenues:
Commercial and Residential Lending Segment	$	173,547	$	163,808	$	9,739	$	553,351	$	526,418	$	26,933
Infrastructure Lending Segment		18,571		23,612		(5,041)		61,737		78,264		(16,527)
Property Segment		63,973		72,376		(8,403)		191,680		215,389		(23,709)
Investing and Servicing Segment		49,070		67,397		(18,327)		137,655		199,980		(62,325)
Corporate		—		—		—		—		26		(26)
Securitization VIE eliminations		(37,734)		(38,863)		1,129		(98,830)		(110,086)		11,256
		267,427		288,330		(20,903)		845,593		909,991		(64,398)
Costs and expenses:
Commercial and Residential Lending Segment		53,891		60,959		(7,068)		222,862		199,176		23,686
Infrastructure Lending Segment	��	8,262		18,773		(10,511)		48,453		64,143		(15,690)
Property Segment		60,801		69,126		(8,325)		182,568		204,813		(22,245)
Investing and Servicing Segment		33,035		42,288		(9,253)		98,955		121,746		(22,791)
Corporate		53,072		62,155		(9,083)		180,032		170,231		9,801
Securitization VIE eliminations		97		(57)		154		135		(107)		242
		209,158		253,244		(44,086)		733,005		760,002		(26,997)
Other income (loss):
Commercial and Residential Lending Segment		72,991		12,309		60,682		39,808		20,086		19,722
Infrastructure Lending Segment		140		(2,604)		2,744		(2,453)		(8,669)		6,216
Property Segment		(300)		6,115		(6,415)		(37,148)		(46,502)		9,354
Investing and Servicing Segment		9,971		59,349		(49,378)		11,875		111,941		(100,066)
Corporate		645		5,317		(4,672)		34,397		30,186		4,211
Securitization VIE eliminations		37,861		38,942		(1,081)		99,175		110,304		(11,129)
		121,308		119,428		1,880		145,654		217,346		(71,692)
Income (loss) before income taxes:
Commercial and Residential Lending Segment		192,647		115,158		77,489		370,297		347,328		22,969
Infrastructure Lending Segment		10,449		2,235		8,214		10,831		5,452		5,379
Property Segment		2,872		9,365		(6,493)		(28,036)		(35,926)		7,890
Investing and Servicing Segment		26,006		84,458		(58,452)		50,575		190,175		(139,600)
Corporate		(52,427)		(56,838)		4,411		(145,635)		(140,019)		(5,616)
Securitization VIE eliminations		30		136		(106)		210		325		(115)
		179,577		154,514		25,063		258,242		367,335		(109,093)
Income tax provision		(14,843)		(4,513)		(10,330)		(6,816)		(8,380)		1,564
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests		(12,900)		(9,605)		(3,295)		(26,705)		(21,160)		(5,545)
Net income attributable to Starwood Property Trust, Inc.	$	151,834	$	140,396	$	11,438	$	224,721	$	337,795	$	(113,074)

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Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2019

Commercial and Residential Lending Segment

Revenues

For the three months ended September 30, 2020, revenues of our Commercial and Residential Lending Segment increased $9.7 million to $173.5 million, compared to $163.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. This increase was primarily due to increases in interest income from loans of $4.7 million and investment securities of $3.2 million. The increase in interest income from loans was principally due to higher average balances of commercial loans, partially offset by lower average LIBOR rates (partially mitigated by the LIBOR floors on most of our commercial loans). The increase in interest income from investment securities was primarily due to higher average RMBS investment balances, partially offset by lower average investment balances and LIBOR rates affecting interest income from our other investment securities.

Costs and Expenses

For the three months ended September 30, 2020, costs and expenses of our Commercial and Residential Lending Segment decreased $7.0 million to $53.9 million, compared to $60.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. This decrease was primarily due to a $13.4 million decrease in interest expense associated with the various secured financing facilities used to fund a portion of this segment’s investment portfolio, partially offset by a $5.3 million increase in general and administrative expenses primarily related to residential loan procurement. The decrease in interest expense was primarily due to lower average LIBOR rates partially offset by higher average borrowings outstanding.

Net Interest Income (amounts in thousands)


	For the Three Months Ended
	September 30,
	2020		2019		Change
Interest income from loans	$	149,972	$	145,290	$	4,682
Interest income from investment securities		21,385		18,163		3,222
Interest expense		(38,422)		(51,844)		13,422
Net interest income	$	132,935	$	111,609	$	21,326

For the three months ended September 30, 2020, net interest income of our Commercial and Residential Lending Segment increased $21.3 million to $132.9 million, compared to $111.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. This increase reflects the increases in interest income on both loans and investment securities and the decrease in interest expense on our secured financing facilities, both as discussed in the sections above.

During the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the weighted average unlevered yields on the Commercial and Residential Lending Segment’s loans and investment securities were as follows:


	For the Three Months Ended
	September 30,
	2020		2019
Commercial	6.0	%	7.1	%
Residential	7.4	%	6.5	%
Overall	6.2	%	7.0	%

The overall weighted average unlevered yield was lower primarily due to decreases in LIBOR affecting our commercial yields, partially offset by the increased investment in higher-yielding RMBS affecting our residential yields.

During the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the Commercial and Residential Lending Segment’s weighted average secured borrowing rates, inclusive of interest rate hedging costs and the amortization of deferred financing fees, were 2.5% and 4.2%, respectively. The decrease in borrowing rates primarily reflects decreases in LIBOR.

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Other Income

For the three months ended September 30, 2020, other income of our Commercial and Residential Lending Segment increased $60.7 million to $73.0 million compared to $12.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. This increase was primarily due to (i) a $49.3 million greater increase in fair value of residential mortgage loans, (ii) a $40.6 million favorable change in foreign currency gain (loss) and (iii) a $13.9 million favorable change in fair value of investment securities, all partially offset by (iv) a $44.3 million unfavorable change in gain (loss) on derivatives. The greater increase in fair value of residential mortgage loans primarily reflects the simultaneous purchase and securitization of $478.9 million of loans in the third quarter of 2020, pursuant to a trade confirmation that we entered into in the second quarter of 2020. The favorable change in investment securities reflects partial recoveries on RMBS of unfavorable changes in the first quarter of 2020 that were attributable to widening credit spreads resulting from market disruption and dislocation caused by the impacts of COVID-19. Those credit spreads began to tighten in the second and third quarters of 2020. The unfavorable change in gain (loss) on derivatives reflects a $48.4 million unfavorable change in foreign currency hedges, partially offset by a $4.1 million lower loss on interest rate swaps. The foreign currency hedges are used to fix the U.S. dollar amounts of cash flows (both interest and principal payments) we expect to receive from our foreign currency denominated loans and investments. The unfavorable change in the foreign currency hedges and the favorable change in foreign currency gain (loss) reflect the overall weakening of the U.S. dollar against the GBP, EUR and Australian Dollar (“AUD”) in the third quarter of 2020 compared to a strengthening of the U.S. dollar against those currencies in the third quarter of 2019. The interest rate swaps are used primarily to fix our interest rate payments on certain variable rate borrowings which fund fixed rate investments and to hedge our interest rate risk on residential loans held-for-sale.

Infrastructure Lending Segment

Revenues

For the three months ended September 30, 2020, revenues of our Infrastructure Lending Segment decreased $5.0 million to $18.6 million, compared to $23.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. This decrease was primarily due to decreases in interest income from loans of $4.9 million and investment securities of $0.2 million. The decrease in interest income from loans was primarily due to lower average LIBOR rates.

Costs and Expenses

For the three months ended September 30, 2020, costs and expenses of our Infrastructure Lending Segment decreased $10.5 million to $8.3 million, compared to $18.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease was primarily due to a $5.5 million decrease in interest expense associated with the various secured financing facilities used to fund a portion of this segment’s investment portfolio and a $4.4 million decrease in credit loss provision. The decrease in interest expense was primarily due to lower average LIBOR rates. The decrease in the credit loss provision was primarily due to the reversal of a portion of the CECL allowance during the quarter ended September 30, 2020 due to improved macroeconomic conditions.

Net Interest Income (amounts in thousands)


	For the Three Months Ended
	September 30,
	2020		2019		Change
Interest income from loans	$	17,835	$	22,763	$	(4,928)
Interest income from investment securities		635		810		(175)
Interest expense		(8,914)		(14,422)		5,508
Net interest income	$	9,556	$	9,151	$	405

For the three months ended September 30, 2020, net interest income of our Infrastructure Lending Segment increased $0.4 million to $9.6 million, compared to $9.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The increase reflects the decrease in interest expense on the secured financing facilities, partially offset by the decreases in interest income, both as discussed in the sections above.

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During the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the weighted average unlevered yields on the Infrastructure Lending Segment’s investments were as follows:


	For the Three Months Ended
	September 30,
	2020		2019
Loans and investment securities held-for-investment	4.7	%	6.1	%
Loans held-for-sale	3.5	%	4.2	%

During the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the Infrastructure Lending Segment’s weighted average secured borrowing rate, inclusive of the amortization of deferred financing fees, was 2.9% and 4.7%, respectively.

Other Income (Loss)

For the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, other income of our Infrastructure Lending Segment increased $2.7 million to $0.1 million, compared to a loss of $2.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The improvement in other income (loss) primarily reflects the non-recurrence of a $2.1 million loss on extinguishment of debt in the third quarter of 2019 resulting from the write-off of deferred financing fees relating to partial debt prepayments from proceeds of loan repayments and sales.

Property Segment

Change in Results by Portfolio (amounts in thousands)


	$ Change from prior period
			Costs and		Gain (loss) on derivative				Income (loss) before
	Revenues		expenses		financial instruments		Other income (loss)		income taxes
Master Lease Portfolio	$	8	$	44	$	—	$	—	$	(36)
Medical Office Portfolio		552		(1,421)		4,066		—		6,039
Woodstar I Portfolio		(239)		1,296		(226)		—		(1,761)
Woodstar II Portfolio		(125)		—		—		—		(125)
Ireland Portfolio		(8,599)		(8,001)		(10,053)		7		(10,644)
Investment in unconsolidated entities		—		—		—		(223)		(223)
Other/Corporate		—		(243)		—		14		257
Total	$	(8,403)	$	(8,325)	$	(6,213)	$	(202)	$	(6,493)

See Note 6 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of the above-referenced Property Segment portfolios. The Ireland Portfolio, which was comprised of 11 office properties and one multifamily property all located in Dublin, Ireland, was sold in December 2019.

Revenues

For the three months ended September 30, 2020, revenues of our Property Segment decreased $8.4 million to $64.0 million, compared to $72.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease in revenues was primarily due to the sale of the Ireland Portfolio in December 2019.

Costs and Expenses

For the three months ended September 30, 2020, costs and expenses of our Property Segment decreased $8.3 million to $60.8 million, compared to $69.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease in costs and expenses primarily reflects the sale of the Ireland Portfolio in December 2019.

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Other Income (Loss)

For the three months ended September 30, 2020, other income of our Property Segment decreased $6.4 million to a loss of $0.3 million, compared to income of $6.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease in other income was primarily due to a $6.2 million unfavorable change in gain (loss) on derivatives, consisting of (i) the non-recurrence of a $10.0 million gain in the 2019 third quarter on foreign exchange contracts which hedged our Euro currency exposure with respect to the Ireland Portfolio, partially offset by (ii) a $3.8 million decreased loss on interest rate swaps which primarily hedge the variable interest rate risk on borrowings secured by our Medical Office Portfolio.

Investing and Servicing Segment

Revenues

For the three months ended September 30, 2020, revenues of our Investing and Servicing Segment decreased $18.3 million to $49.1 million, compared to $67.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease in revenues in the third quarter of 2020 was primarily due to decreases of $11.3 million in interest income from CMBS and conduit loans, $4.5 million in servicing fees and $2.4 million in rental income from our REIS Equity Portfolio (see Note 6 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements) due to fewer properties held. The decrease in interest income primarily reflects (i) a $7.4 million decrease in interest recoveries on CMBS and (ii) lower average balances of conduit loans held-for-sale.

Costs and Expenses

For the three months ended September 30, 2020, costs and expenses of our Investing and Servicing Segment decreased $9.3 million to $33.0 million, compared to $42.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease in costs and expenses was primarily due to decreases of $4.1 million in general and administrative expenses reflecting lower incentive compensation, $3.5 million in interest expense on borrowings related to conduit loans and properties held and $2.3 million in costs of rental operations, depreciation and amortization due to fewer properties held.

Other Income

For the three months ended September 30, 2020, other income of our Investing and Servicing Segment decreased $49.3 million to $10.0 million, compared to $59.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease in other income was primarily due to (i) the non-recurrence of a $20.7 million gain on sale of an operating property in the third quarter of 2019, (ii) a $20.4 million lesser increase in fair value of conduit loans and (iii) a $19.2 million lesser increase in fair value of CMBS investments, all partially offset by (iv) a $6.4 million favorable change in gain (loss) on derivatives which primarily hedge our interest rate risk on conduit loans and (v) a $3.9 million favorable change in fair value of servicing rights.

Corporate and Other Items

Corporate Costs and Expenses

For the three months ended September 30, 2020, corporate expenses decreased $9.1 million to $53.1 million, compared to $62.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease was primarily due to decreases of $7.2 million in management fees and $2.1 million in interest expense principally on lower average outstanding balances of our unsecured senior notes.

Corporate Other Income

For the three months ended September 30, 2020, corporate other income decreased $4.7 million to $0.6 million, compared to $5.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease in corporate other income was primarily due to a $6.1 million decrease in gains on interest rate swaps which hedge a portion of our unsecured senior notes used to repay variable-rate secured financing, partially offset by the non-recurrence of a $1.4 million loss on extinguishment of debt in the third quarter of 2019.

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Securitization VIE Eliminations

Securitization VIE eliminations primarily reclassify interest income and servicing fee revenues to other income (loss) for the CMBS and RMBS VIEs that we consolidate as primary beneficiary. Such eliminations have no overall effect on net income (loss) attributable to Starwood Property Trust. The reclassified revenues, along with applicable changes in fair value of investment securities and servicing rights, comprise the other income (loss) caption “Change in net assets related to consolidated VIEs,” which represents our beneficial interest in those consolidated VIEs. The magnitude of the securitization VIE eliminations is merely a function of the number of CMBS and RMBS trusts consolidated in any given period, and as such, is not a meaningful indicator of operating results. The eliminations primarily relate to CMBS trusts for which the Investing and Servicing Segment is deemed the primary beneficiary and, to a much lesser extent, some CMBS and RMBS trusts for which the Commercial and Residential Lending Segment is deemed the primary beneficiary.

Income Tax Provision

Our consolidated income taxes principally relate to the taxable nature of our loan servicing and loan securitization businesses which are housed in taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRSs”). For the three months ended September 30, 2020, our income taxes increased $10.3 million to $14.8 million compared to $4.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 due to an increase in taxable income of our TRSs in the third quarter of 2020.

Net Income Attributable to Non-controlling Interests

During the three months ended September 30, 2020, net income attributable to non-controlling interests increased $3.3 million to $12.9 million, compared to $9.6 million during the three months ended September 30, 2019. The increase was primarily due to non-controlling interests in earnings of a consolidated CMBS joint venture in which we hold a 51% interest, partially offset by the non-controlling interest on the gain from an Investing and Servicing Segment operating property sold during the third quarter of 2019.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019

Commercial and Residential Lending Segment

Revenues

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, revenues of our Commercial and Residential Lending Segment increased $26.9 million to $553.3 million, compared to $526.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. This increase was primarily due to an increase in interest income from loans of $29.5 million, partially offset by a decrease in interest income from investment securities of $5.1 million. The increase in interest income from loans was principally due to (i) higher prepayment related income and (ii) higher average balances of both commercial and residential loans, partially offset by (iii) lower average LIBOR rates (partially mitigated by the LIBOR floors on most of our commercial loans). The decrease in interest income from investment securities was primarily due to lower average LIBOR rates and lower prepayment related income on our single-borrower CMBS, partially offset by higher average RMBS investment balances.

Costs and Expenses

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, costs and expenses of our Commercial and Residential Lending Segment increased $23.7 million to $222.9 million, compared to $199.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. This increase was primarily due to a $50.2 million increase in credit loss provision and an $8.5 million increase in general and administrative expenses primarily related to residential loan procurement, partially offset by a $37.8 million decrease in interest expense associated with the various secured financing facilities used to fund a portion of this segment’s investment portfolio. The increase in the credit loss provision was due to the recognition of current expected credit losses (“CECL”) during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 in accordance with the new credit loss accounting standard effective January 1, 2020 (see Notes 2 and 4 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial

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Statements). The CECL provision in the first nine months of 2020 was magnified by the significant deterioration in macroeconomic forecasts between the January 1 CECL effective date and the September 30 period end due to the economic disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The decrease in interest expense was primarily due to lower average LIBOR rates partially offset by higher average borrowings outstanding.

Net Interest Income (amounts in thousands)


	For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2020		2019		Change
Interest income from loans	$	492,489	$	462,956	$	29,533
Interest income from investment securities		57,358		62,438		(5,080)
Interest expense		(134,243)		(172,012)		37,769
Net interest income	$	415,604	$	353,382	$	62,222

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, net interest income of our Commercial and Residential Lending Segment increased $62.2 million to $415.6 million, compared to $353.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. This increase reflects the net increase in interest income and the decrease in interest expense, both as discussed in the sections above.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the weighted average unlevered yields on the Commercial and Residential Lending Segment’s loans and investment securities were as follows:


	For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2020		2019
Commercial	6.5	%	7.5	%
Residential	6.8	%	6.9	%
Overall	6.5	%	7.4	%

The overall weighted average unlevered yield was lower as higher levels of prepayment related income were more than offset by decreases in LIBOR.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the Commercial and Residential Lending Segment’s weighted average secured borrowing rates, inclusive of interest rate hedging costs and the amortization of deferred financing fees, were 2.9% and 4.4%, respectively. The decrease in borrowing rates primarily reflects decreases in LIBOR.

Other Income

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, other income of our Commercial and Residential Lending Segment increased $19.7 million to $39.8 million compared to $20.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. This increase was primarily due to (i) a $40.1 million greater increase in fair value of residential mortgage loans and (ii) a $15.3 million decrease in foreign currency loss, partially offset by (iii) a $21.5 million unfavorable change in gain (loss) on derivatives, (iv) a $5.9 million greater decrease in fair value of investment securities, (v) a $4.6 million decrease in earnings from unconsolidated entities and (vi) a $4.5 million unfavorable change in gains (losses) on sales of loans and securities. The greater increase in fair value of residential mortgage loans primarily reflects the simultaneous purchase and securitization of $478.9 million of loans in the third quarter of 2020, pursuant to a trade confirmation that we entered into in the second quarter of 2020. The unfavorable change in gain (loss) on derivatives reflects an $11.6 million decreased gain on foreign currency hedges and a $9.9 million increased loss on interest rate swaps. The foreign currency hedges are used to fix the U.S. dollar amounts of cash flows (both interest and principal payments) we expect to receive from our foreign currency denominated loans and investments. The decreased foreign currency loss and decreased gain on foreign currency hedges reflect a strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the GBP, partially offset by a weakening against the AUD and the EUR, in the first nine months of 2020 versus a strengthening of the U.S. dollar against each of those currencies in the first nine months of 2019. The interest rate swaps are used primarily to fix our interest rate payments on certain variable rate borrowings which fund fixed rate investments and to hedge our interest rate risk on residential loans held-for-sale. The greater decrease in fair value of investment securities reflects the

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widening of credit spreads resulting from market disruption and dislocation caused by the impacts of COVID-19 in the first quarter of 2020, partially offset by a tightening of those credit spreads in the second and third quarters.

Infrastructure Lending Segment

Revenues

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, revenues of our Infrastructure Lending Segment decreased $16.5 million to $61.7 million, compared to $78.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. This decrease was primarily due to decreases in interest income from loans of $15.6 million and investment securities of $0.5 million. The decrease in interest income from loans was primarily due to a decrease in average LIBOR rates and lower average loan balances outstanding as a result of sales and repayments, partially offset by an increase in average spreads on our infrastructure loans.

Costs and Expenses

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, costs and expenses of our Infrastructure Lending Segment decreased $15.7 million to $48.4 million, compared to $64.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. This decrease was primarily due to a $17.5 million decrease in interest expense associated with the various secured financing facilities used to fund a portion of this segment’s investment portfolio, partially offset by a $1.8 million increase in credit loss provision. The decrease in interest expense was primarily due to lower average LIBOR rates and lower average borrowings as a result of loan sales and repayments. The increase in the credit loss provision was due to the recognition of CECL during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 in accordance with the new credit loss accounting standard effective January 1, 2020. As discussed above, the CECL provision was magnified by the deterioration in macroeconomic forecasts due to the economic disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Net Interest Income (amounts in thousands)


	For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2020		2019		Change
Interest income from loans	$	59,374	$	74,969	$	(15,595)
Interest income from investment securities		2,019		2,563		(544)
Interest expense		(31,709)		(49,257)		17,548
Net interest income	$	29,684	$	28,275	$	1,409

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, net interest income of our Infrastructure Lending Segment increased $1.4 million to $29.7 million, compared to $28.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The increase reflects the decrease in interest expense on the secured financing facilities, which was partially offset by the decrease in interest income, both as discussed in the sections above.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the weighted average unlevered yields on the Infrastructure Lending Segment’s investments were as follows:


	For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2020		2019
Loans and investment securities held-for-investment	5.3	%	6.2	%
Loans held-for-sale	3.7	%	4.0	%

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the Infrastructure Lending Segment’s weighted average secured borrowing rate, inclusive of the amortization of deferred financing fees, was 3.5% and 4.7%, respectively.

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Other Loss

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, other loss of our Infrastructure Lending Segment decreased $6.2 million to $2.5 million, compared to $8.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease in other loss primarily reflects a decreased loss on extinguishment of debt resulting from the write-off of deferred financing fees relating to partial debt prepayments from proceeds of loan repayments and sales.

Property Segment

Change in Results by Portfolio (amounts in thousands)


	$ Change from prior year
			Costs and		Gain (loss) on derivative				Income (loss) before
	Revenues		expenses		financial instruments		Other income (loss)		income taxes
Master Lease Portfolio	$	11	$	120	$	—	$	—	$	(109)
Medical Office Portfolio		(731)		(5,543)		(14,404)		—		(9,592)
Woodstar I Portfolio		1,832		5,889		(283)		(1,702)		(6,042)
Woodstar II Portfolio		1,622		537		—		—		1,085
Ireland Portfolio		(26,457)		(23,012)		(16,506)		7		(19,944)
Investment in unconsolidated entities		—		—		—		42,538		42,538
Other/Corporate		14		(236)		—		(296)		(46)
Total	$	(23,709)	$	(22,245)	$	(31,193)	$	40,547	$	7,890

Revenues

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, revenues of our Property Segment decreased $23.7 million to $191.7 million, compared to $215.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease in revenues was primarily due to the sale of the Ireland Portfolio in December 2019, partially offset by increased rental income in the Woodstar Portfolios due to rental rate increases effective May 2019.

Costs and Expenses

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, costs and expenses of our Property Segment decreased $22.2 million to $182.6 million, compared to $204.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease in costs and expenses primarily reflects the sale of the Ireland Portfolio in December 2019.

Other Loss

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, other loss of our Property Segment decreased $9.4 million to $37.1 million, compared to $46.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease in other loss was primarily due to a $42.5 million loss in the 2019 period that did not recur in the 2020 period from our equity investee that owns four regional shopping malls (the “Retail Fund”). Our investment in the Retail Fund was written off as of December 31, 2019 due to continued declines in the estimated fair values of its properties. Partially offsetting the effect of the Retail Fund was a $31.2 million increased loss on derivatives, consisting of (i) a $14.7 million increased loss on interest rate swaps which primarily hedge the variable interest rate risk on borrowings secured by our Medical Office Portfolio and (ii) the non-recurrence of a $16.5 million gain in the 2019 period on foreign exchange contracts which hedged our Euro currency exposure with respect to the Ireland Portfolio.

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Investing and Servicing Segment

Revenues

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, revenues of our Investing and Servicing Segment decreased $62.3 million to $137.7 million, compared to $200.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease in revenues was primarily due to decreases of $32.6 million in servicing fees, $12.1 million in rental income from our REIS Equity Portfolio due to fewer properties held and an owned hotel which was closed during the second quarter due to COVID-19 and $17.6 million in interest income from CMBS and conduit loans, which reflects a $13.3 million decrease in interest recoveries on CMBS and lower average balances of conduit loans held-for-sale.

Costs and Expenses

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, costs and expenses of our Investing and Servicing Segment decreased $22.8 million to $98.9 million, compared to $121.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease in costs and expenses was primarily due to decreases of $9.8 million in costs of rental operations, depreciation and amortization due to fewer properties held, $7.5 million in general and administrative expenses reflecting lower incentive compensation and $6.4 million in interest expense on borrowings related to properties held and conduit loans.

Other Income

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, other income of our Investing and Servicing Segment decreased $100.0 million to $11.9 million, compared to $111.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease in other income was primarily due to (i) a $92.5 million unfavorable change in fair value of CMBS investments primarily due to widening credit spreads resulting from market disruption and dislocation caused by the impacts of COVID-19, (ii) a $26.0 million lesser increase in fair value of conduit loans, (iii) a $14.2 million decreased gain on sales of operating properties and (iv) a $6.1 million increased loss on derivatives which primarily hedge our interest rate risk on conduit loans, all partially offset by (v) realized and unrealized gains totaling $27.9 million resulting from the sale in April 2020 of a portion of our unconsolidated equity interest in a servicing and advisory business, as further described in Note 7 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and (vi) an $11.2 million favorable change in fair value of servicing rights.

Corporate and Other Items

Corporate Costs and Expenses

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, corporate expenses increased $9.8 million to $180.0 million, compared to $170.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The increase was primarily due to a $10.3 million increase in management fees.

Corporate Other Income

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, corporate other income increased $4.2 million to $34.4 million, compared to $30.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The increase in corporate other income was primarily due to a $2.7 million increase in gains on interest rate swaps which hedge a portion of our unsecured senior notes used to repay variable-rate secured financing and the non-recurrence of a $1.4 million loss on extinguishment of debt in the third quarter of 2019.

Securitization VIE Eliminations

Refer to the preceding comparison of the three months ended September 30, 2020 to the three months ended September 30, 2019 for a discussion of the nature of securitization VIE eliminations.

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Income Tax Benefit (Provision)

Our consolidated income taxes principally relate to the taxable nature of our loan servicing and loan securitization businesses which are housed in TRSs. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, our income tax provision decreased $1.6 million to $6.8 million compared to $8.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 due to a decrease in the taxable income of our TRSs in the first nine months of 2020.

Net Income Attributable to Non-controlling Interests

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, net income attributable to non-controlling interests increased $5.5 million to $26.7 million, compared to $21.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The increase was primarily due to non-controlling interests in earnings of a consolidated CMBS joint venture in which we hold a 51% interest.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Core Earnings is a non-GAAP financial measure. We calculate Core Earnings as GAAP net income (loss) excluding the following:

(i)

non-cash equity compensation expense;

(ii)

incentive fees due under our management agreement;

(iii)

depreciation and amortization of real estate and associated intangibles;

(iv)

acquisition costs associated with successful acquisitions;

(v)

any unrealized gains, losses or other non-cash items recorded in net income (loss) for the period, regardless of whether such items are included in other comprehensive income or loss, or in net income (loss); and

(vi)

any deductions for distributions payable with respect to equity securities of subsidiaries issued in exchange for properties or interests therein.

In determining what constitutes unrealized gains, losses or other non-cash items recorded in net income (loss) as referenced in item (v), since its inception in 2009, the Company has included provisions related to loan losses. Over the last 11 years, the Company has experienced a variety of economic environments, but does not have a history of realized credit losses on its originated loans. The Company acquired a special servicer in 2013. Through this special servicer, which was established in 1992, the Company has experienced numerous economic cycles and has an in-depth understanding of the commercial real estate markets after having worked out $80 billion across approximately 6,800 commercial real estate loans. One significant differentiating factor about the Company’s loan portfolio from that of a typical bank, which likely has a history of realized credit losses, is that the Company originates loans specifically tailored to the assets, borrowers and markets involved, whose complexity and structure are unique to each borrower and set of circumstances, and for which a broad application of assumptions would be less applicable than for the more traditional loans originated by banks. Banks, on the other hand, traditionally originate loans that fall into a specific set of defined metrics and guidelines. Given its extensive industry expertise and the nature of its loans, the Company believes that it is uniquely positioned with information on the assets in which it invests which is more appropriate than the broader macroeconomic data which takes a less focused view of loss and growth. As a result, in assessing the impact of the new credit loss accounting guidance on its Core Earnings, the Company determined that, consistent with its prior treatment of loan loss allowances and its stakeholders’ view of realized loan losses, the credit loss provision or reversal as computed under the newly released guidelines should likewise be included within unrealized gains, losses or other non-cash items as referenced in item (v), but only to the extent that it exceeds any realized credit losses during the period.

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We believe that Core Earnings provides an additional measure of our core operating performance by eliminating the impact of certain non-cash expenses and facilitating a comparison of our financial results to those of other comparable REITs with fewer or no non-cash adjustments and comparison of our own operating results from period to period. Our management uses Core Earnings in this way, and also uses Core Earnings to compute the incentive fee due under our management agreement. The Company believes that its investors also use Core Earnings or a comparable supplemental performance measure to evaluate and compare the performance of the Company and its peers, and as such, the Company believes that the disclosure of Core Earnings is useful to (and expected by) its investors.

However, the Company cautions that Core Earnings does not represent cash generated from operating activities in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss) (determined in accordance with GAAP), or an indication of our cash flows from operating activities (determined in accordance with GAAP), a measure of our liquidity, or an indication of funds available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to make cash distributions. In addition, our methodology for calculating Core Earnings may differ from the methodologies employed by other REITs to calculate the same or similar supplemental performance measures, and accordingly, our reported Core Earnings may not be comparable to the Core Earnings reported by other REITs.

The weighted average diluted share count applied to Core Earnings for purposes of determining Core Earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed using the GAAP diluted share count, adjusted for the following:

(i)

Unvested stock awards – Currently, unvested stock awards are excluded from the denominator of GAAP EPS. The related compensation expense is also excluded from Core Earnings. In order to effectuate dilution from these awards in the Core Earnings computation, we adjust the GAAP diluted share count to include these shares.

(ii)

Convertible Notes – Conversion of our Convertible Notes is an event that is contingent upon numerous factors, none of which are in our control, and is an event that may or may not occur. Consistent with the treatment of other unrealized adjustments to Core Earnings, we adjust the GAAP diluted share count to exclude the potential shares issuable upon conversion until a conversion occurs.

(iii)

Subsidiary equity – The intent of a February 2018 amendment to our management agreement (the “Amendment”) is to treat subsidiary equity in the same manner as if parent equity had been issued. The Class A Units issued in connection with the acquisition of assets in our Woodstar II Portfolio are currently excluded from our GAAP diluted share count, with the subsidiary equity represented as non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiaries on our GAAP balance sheet. Consistent with the Amendment, we adjust GAAP diluted share count to include these subsidiary units.

The following table presents our diluted weighted average shares used in our GAAP EPS calculation reconciled to our diluted weighted average shares used in our Core EPS calculation (amounts in thousands):


	For the Three Months Ended		For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,
	2020	2019	2020	2019
Diluted weighted average shares - GAAP	292,458	289,912	281,868	289,021
Add: Unvested stock awards	2,520	2,043	2,587	2,128
Add: Woodstar II Class A Units	10,642	11,001	10,676	11,491
Less: Convertible Notes dilution	(9,649)	(9,649)	—	(9,857)
Diluted weighted average shares - Core	295,971	293,307	295,131	292,783

The definition of Core Earnings allows management to make adjustments, subject to the approval of a majority of our independent directors, in situations where such adjustments are considered appropriate in order for Core Earnings to be calculated in a manner consistent with its definition and objective. No adjustments to the definition of Core Earnings became effective during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

The following table summarizes our quarterly Core Earnings per weighted average diluted share for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:

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	Core Earnings For the Three-Month Periods Ended
	March 31		June 30		September 30
2020	$	0.55	$	0.43	$	0.50
2019	$	0.28	$	0.52	$	0.52

Core Earnings per weighted average diluted share for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 does not equal the sum of the individual quarters due to rounding and other computational factors.

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Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2019

The following table presents our summarized results of operations and reconciliation to Core Earnings for the three months ended September 30, 2020, by business segment (amounts in thousands, except per share data):


	Commercial
	and
	Residential		Infrastructure				Investing
	Lending		Lending		Property		and Servicing
	Segment		Segment		Segment		Segment		Corporate		Total
Revenues	$	173,547	$	18,571	$	63,973	$	49,070	$	—	$	305,161
Costs and expenses		(53,891)		(8,262)		(60,801)		(33,035)		(53,072)		(209,061)
Other income (loss)		72,991		140		(300)		9,971		645		83,447
Income (loss) before income taxes		192,647		10,449		2,872		26,006		(52,427)		179,547
Income tax (provision) benefit		(16,700)		(86)		—		1,943		—		(14,843)
Income attributable to non-controlling interests		(3)		—		(5,072)		(7,795)		—		(12,870)
Net income (loss) attributable to Starwood Property Trust, Inc.		175,944		10,363		(2,200)		20,154		(52,427)		151,834
Add / (Deduct):
Non-controlling interests attributable to Woodstar II Class A Units		—		—		5,072		—		—		5,072
Non-cash equity compensation expense		1,015		(126)		54		1,215		4,131		6,289
Acquisition and investment pursuit costs		(163)		—		(89)		—		—		(252)
Depreciation and amortization		370		78		19,191		3,525		—		23,164
Credit loss reversal, net		(259)		(4,369)		—		—		—		(4,628)
Interest income adjustment for securities		(1,035)		—		—		1,914		—		879
Extinguishment of debt, net		—		—		—		—		(246)		(246)
Income tax provision associated with fair value adjustments		5,519		—		—		879		—		6,398
Other non-cash items		3		—		(713)		225		158		(327)
Reversal of GAAP unrealized (gains) / losses on:
Loans		(59,402)		—		—		(1,982)		—		(61,384)
Securities		(13,611)		—		—		(3,249)		—		(16,860)
Derivatives		28,336		(173)		(1,377)		(551)		4,380		30,615
Foreign currency		(25,302)		(110)		(14)		(26)		—		(25,452)
(Earnings) loss from unconsolidated entities		(3,253)		80		—		(358)		—		(3,531)
Recognition of Core realized gains / (losses) on:
Loans		49,241		—		—		6,201		—		55,442
Securities		—		—		—		(4,318)		—		(4,318)
Derivatives		(11,625)		—		(35)		(7,341)		—		(19,001)
Foreign currency		799		(5)		16		26		—		836
Earnings (loss) from unconsolidated entities		3,352		(80)		—		772		—		4,044
Core Earnings (Loss)	$	149,929	$	5,658	$	19,905	$	17,086	$	(44,004)	$	148,574
Core Earnings (Loss) per Weighted Average Diluted Share	$	0.51	$	0.02	$	0.06	$	0.06	$	(0.15)	$	0.50

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The following table presents our summarized results of operations and reconciliation to Core Earnings for the three months ended September 30, 2019, by business segment (amounts in thousands, except per share data):


	Commercial
	and
	Residential		Infrastructure				Investing
	Lending		Lending		Property		and Servicing
	Segment		Segment		Segment		Segment		Corporate		Total
Revenues	$	163,808	$	23,612	$	72,376	$	67,397	$	—	$	327,193
Costs and expenses		(60,959)		(18,773)		(69,126)		(42,288)		(62,155)		(253,301)
Other income (loss)		12,309		(2,604)		6,115		59,349		5,317		80,486
Income (loss) before income taxes		115,158		2,235		9,365		84,458		(56,838)		154,378
Income tax (provision) benefit		(3,194)		475		—		(1,794)		—		(4,513)
Income attributable to non-controlling interests		—		—		(5,250)		(4,219)		—		(9,469)
Net income (loss) attributable to Starwood Property Trust, Inc.		111,964		2,710		4,115		78,445		(56,838)		140,396
Add / (Deduct):
Non-controlling interests attributable to Woodstar II Class A Units		—		—		5,250		—		—		5,250
Non-cash equity compensation expense		1,140		577		83		1,765		9,411		12,976
Management incentive fee		—		—		—		—		1,875		1,875
Acquisition and investment pursuit costs		6		—		(89)		(146)		—		(229)
Depreciation and amortization		339		15		23,440		4,444		—		28,238
Credit loss reversal, net		(39)		—		—		—		—		(39)
Interest income adjustment for securities		(194)		—		—		5,345		—		5,151
Extinguishment of debt, net		—		—		—		—		(247)		(247)
Other non-cash items		—		—		321		191		152		664
Reversal of GAAP unrealized (gains) / losses on:
Loans		(10,088)		—		—		(22,433)		—		(32,521)
Securities		303		—		—		(22,476)		—		(22,173)
Derivatives		(15,749)		109		(4,576)		6,590		(6,913)		(20,539)
Foreign currency		15,337		319		8		—		—		15,664
Earnings from unconsolidated entities		(2,507)		—		(223)		(253)		—		(2,983)
Recognition of Core realized gains / (losses) on:
Loans		8,383		(230)		—		22,134		—		30,287
Securities		373		—		—		4,593		—		4,966
Derivatives		977		64		406		(7,875)		—		(6,428)
Foreign currency		(3,911)		(171)		(8)		—		—		(4,090)
Earnings from unconsolidated entities		2,298		—		—		1,324		—		3,622
Sales of properties		—		—		—		(7,221)		—		(7,221)
Core Earnings (Loss)	$	108,632	$	3,393	$	28,727	$	64,427	$	(52,560)	$	152,619
Core Earnings (Loss) per Weighted Average Diluted Share	$	0.37	$	0.01	$	0.10	$	0.22	$	(0.18)	$	0.52

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Commercial and Residential Lending Segment

The Commercial and Residential Lending Segment’s Core Earnings increased by $41.3 million, from $108.6 million during the third quarter of 2019 to $149.9 million in the third quarter of 2020. After making adjustments for the calculation of Core Earnings, revenues were $172.5 million, costs and expenses were $52.9 million, other income was $41.5 million and income tax provision was $11.2 million.

Core revenues, consisting principally of interest income on loans, increased by $8.9 million in the third quarter of 2020, primarily due to increases in interest income from loans of $4.7 million and investment securities of $2.4 million. The increase in interest income from loans was principally due to higher average balances of commercial loans, partially offset by lower average LIBOR rates (partially mitigated by the LIBOR floors on most of our commercial loans). The increase in interest income from investment securities was primarily due to higher average RMBS investment balances, partially offset by lower average investment balances and LIBOR rates affecting interest income from our other investment securities.

Core costs and expenses decreased by $6.6 million in the third quarter of 2020, primarily due to a $13.4 million decrease in interest expense associated with the various secured financing facilities used to fund a portion of this segment’s investment portfolio primarily due to lower average LIBOR rates partially offset by higher average borrowings outstanding. Such decrease was partially offset by higher general and administrative and other expenses.

Core other income increased by $33.7 million in the third quarter of 2020, primarily due to an increase in residential loan securitization gains, net of realized losses on related interest rate derivatives.

Income taxes, which principally relate to the taxable nature of this segment’s residential loan securitization activities which are housed in TRSs, increased $7.9 million due to an increase in taxable income of those TRSs in the third quarter of 2020.

Infrastructure Lending Segment

The Infrastructure Lending Segment’s Core Earnings increased by $2.3 million, from $3.4 million in the third quarter of 2019 to $5.7 million in the third quarter of 2020. After making adjustments for the calculation of Core Earnings, revenues were $18.6 million, costs and expenses were $12.7 million and other loss was $0.1 million.

Core revenues, consisting principally of interest income on loans, decreased by $5.0 million in the third quarter of 2020, primarily due to decreases in interest income from loans of $4.9 million and investment securities of $0.2 million. The decrease in interest income from loans was primarily due to lower average LIBOR rates.

Core costs and expenses decreased by $5.5 million in the third quarter of 2020, primarily due to a decrease in interest expense on the secured debt facilities used to finance this segment’s investment portfolio principally due to lower average LIBOR rates.

Core other loss decreased by $2.4 million in the third quarter of 2020, primarily due to the non-recurrence of a $2.1 million loss on extinguishment of debt in the third quarter of 2019 resulting from the write-off of deferred financing fees relating to partial debt prepayments from proceeds of loan repayments and sales.

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Property Segment

Core Earnings by Portfolio (amounts in thousands)


	For the Three Months Ended
	September 30,
	2020		2019		Change
Master Lease Portfolio	$	4,273	$	4,311	$	(38)
Medical Office Portfolio		3,979		5,994		(2,015)
Woodstar I Portfolio		6,024		7,333		(1,309)
Woodstar II Portfolio		6,354		6,245		109
Ireland Portfolio		—		5,798		(5,798)
Other/Corporate		(725)		(954)		229
Core Earnings	$	19,905	$	28,727	$	(8,822)

The Property Segment’s Core Earnings decreased by $8.8 million, from $28.7 million during the third quarter of 2019 to $19.9 million in the third quarter of 2020. After making adjustments for the calculation of Core Earnings, revenues were $63.6 million, costs and expenses were $42.0 million and other loss was $1.7 million.

Core revenues decreased by $8.7 million in the third quarter of 2020, primarily due to the sale of the Ireland Portfolio in December 2019.

Core costs and expenses decreased by $3.3 million in the third quarter of 2020, primarily due to the sale of the Ireland Portfolio in December 2019.

Core other income (loss) decreased by $3.4 million in the third quarter of 2020 primarily due to an unfavorable change in realized gains (losses) on certain interest rate and foreign currency derivatives.

Investing and Servicing Segment

The Investing and Servicing Segment’s Core Earnings decreased by $47.3 million, from $64.4 million during the third quarter of 2019 to $17.1 million in the third quarter of 2020. After making adjustments for the calculation of Core Earnings, revenues were $51.3 million, costs and expenses were $28.4 million, other loss was $4.9 million, income tax benefit was $2.8 million and the deduction of income attributable to non-controlling interests was $3.7 million.

Core revenues decreased by $21.7 million in the third quarter of 2020, primarily due to decreases of $14.8 million in interest income from CMBS and conduit loans, $4.5 million in servicing fees and $2.3 million in rental income from our REIS Equity Portfolio due to fewer properties held. The treatment of CMBS interest income on a GAAP basis is complicated by our application of the ASC 810 consolidation rules. In an attempt to treat these securities similar to the trust’s other investment securities, we compute core interest income pursuant to an effective yield methodology. In doing so, we segregate the portfolio into various categories based on the components of the bonds’ cash flows and the volatility related to each of these components. We then accrete interest income on an effective yield basis using the components of cash flows that are reliably estimable. Other minor adjustments are made to reflect management’s expectations for other components of the projected cash flow stream. The decrease in interest income primarily reflects a $7.4 million decrease in interest recoveries on CMBS and lower average balances of conduit loans held-for-sale.

Core costs and expenses decreased by $7.9 million in the third quarter of 2020, primarily due to decreases of $3.5 million in interest expense on borrowings related to properties held and conduit loans, $3.5 million in general and administrative expenses reflecting lower incentive compensation and $1.4 million in costs of rental operations due to fewer properties held.

Core other income (loss) includes profit realized upon securitization of loans by our conduit business, gains on sales of CMBS and operating properties, gains and losses on derivatives that were either effectively terminated or novated, and earnings from unconsolidated entities. These items are typically offset by a decrease in the fair value of our domestic servicing rights intangible which reflects the expected amortization of this deteriorating asset, net of increases

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in fair value due to the attainment of new servicing contracts. Derivatives include instruments which hedge interest rate risk and credit risk on our conduit loans. For GAAP purposes, the loans, CMBS and derivatives are accounted for at fair value, with all changes in fair value (realized or unrealized) recognized in earnings. The adjustments to Core Earnings outlined above are also applied to the GAAP earnings of our unconsolidated entities. Core other income (loss) decreased by $37.9 million in the third quarter of 2020 primarily due to (i) the non-recurrence of $22.0 million of gains on sales of an operating property and CMBS in the third quarter of 2019 and (ii) a $15.9 million decrease in realized gains on conduit loans.

Income taxes, which principally relate to the taxable nature of this segment’s loan servicing and loan securitization businesses which are housed in TRSs, decreased $4.6 million from a provision of $1.8 million to a benefit of $2.8 million due to tax losses of those TRSs in the third quarter of 2020.

Income attributable to non-controlling interests increased $0.3 million primarily relating to income of a consolidated CMBS joint venture in which we hold a 51% interest, partially offset by the minority interest on the gain from an operating property sold during the third quarter of 2019.

Corporate

Core corporate costs and expenses decreased by $8.6 million, from $52.6 million during the third quarter of 2019 to $44.0 million in the third quarter of 2020 primarily due to (i) a $5.1 million favorable change in realized gain (loss) on interest rate swaps which hedge a portion of our unsecured senior notes used to repay variable-rate secured financing, (ii) a $2.1 million decrease in interest expense principally on lower average outstanding balances of our unsecured senior notes and (iii) a $1.4 million decrease in loss on extinguishment of debt.

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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019

The following table presents our summarized results of operations and reconciliation to Core Earnings for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, by business segment (amounts in thousands, except per share data):


	Commercial
	and
	Residential		Infrastructure				Investing
	Lending		Lending		Property		and Servicing
	Segment		Segment		Segment		Segment		Corporate		Total
Revenues	$	553,351	$	61,737	$	191,680	$	137,655	$	—	$	944,423
Costs and expenses		(222,862)		(48,453)		(182,568)		(98,955)		(180,032)		(732,870)
Other income (loss)		39,808		(2,453)		(37,148)		11,875		34,397		46,479
Income (loss) before income taxes		370,297		10,831		(28,036)		50,575		(145,635)		258,032
Income tax (provision) benefit		(15,535)		3		—		8,716		—		(6,816)
Income attributable to non-controlling interests		(10)		—		(15,294)		(11,191)		—		(26,495)
Net income (loss) attributable to Starwood Property Trust, Inc.		354,752		10,834		(43,330)		48,100		(145,635)		224,721
Add / (Deduct):
Non-controlling interests attributable to Woodstar II Class A Units		—		—		15,294		—		—		15,294
Non-cash equity compensation expense		3,563		821		185		3,725		14,147		22,441
Management incentive fee		—		—		—		—		15,799		15,799
Acquisition and investment pursuit costs		401		—		(266)		(72)		—		63
Depreciation and amortization		1,095		208		57,808		10,669		—		69,780
Credit loss provision, net		51,252		2,991		—		—		—		54,243
Interest income adjustment for securities		238		—		—		9,856		—		10,094
Extinguishment of debt, net		—		—		—		—		(739)		(739)
Income tax provision (benefit) associated with fair value adjustments		1,612		—		—		(955)		—		657
Other non-cash items		10		—		(1,689)		703		470		(506)
Reversal of GAAP unrealized (gains) / losses on:
Loans		(56,895)		—		—		(22,805)		—		(79,700)
Securities		8,814		—		—		36,026		—		44,840
Derivatives		8,816		1,260		32,593		21,986		(23,509)		41,146
Foreign currency		1,757		53		53		(2)		—		1,861
(Earnings) loss from unconsolidated entities		(3,975)		1,198		—		(30,504)		—		(33,281)
Recognition of Core realized gains / (losses) on:
Loans		45,742		(62)		—		22,759		—		68,439
Securities		—		—		—		(8,711)		—		(8,711)
Derivatives		(3,853)		118		(439)		(13,438)		—		(17,612)
Foreign currency		(5,441)		(147)		(53)		2		—		(5,639)
Earnings (loss) from unconsolidated entities		2,772		(813)		—		17,502		—		19,461
Sales of properties		—		—		—		(5,789)		—		(5,789)
Core Earnings (Loss)	$	410,660	$	16,461	$	60,156	$	89,052	$	(139,467)	$	436,862
Core Earnings (Loss) per Weighted Average Diluted Share	$	1.39	$	0.06	$	0.20	$	0.30	$	(0.47)	$	1.48

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The following table presents our summarized results of operations and reconciliation to Core Earnings for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, by business segment (amounts in thousands, except per share data):


	Commercial
	and
	Residential		Infrastructure				Investing
	Lending		Lending		Property		and Servicing
	Segment		Segment		Segment		Segment		Corporate		Total
Revenues	$	526,418	$	78,264	$	215,389	$	199,980	$	26	$	1,020,077
Costs and expenses		(199,176)		(64,143)		(204,813)		(121,746)		(170,231)		(760,109)
Other income (loss)		20,086		(8,669)		(46,502)		111,941		30,186		107,042
Income (loss) before income taxes		347,328		5,452		(35,926)		190,175		(140,019)		367,010
Income tax (provision) benefit		(4,778)		746		(258)		(4,090)		—		(8,380)
Income attributable to non-controlling interests		(392)		—		(16,322)		(4,121)		—		(20,835)
Net income (loss) attributable to Starwood Property Trust, Inc.		342,158		6,198		(52,506)		181,964		(140,019)		337,795
Add / (Deduct):
Non-controlling interests attributable to Woodstar II Class A Units		—		—		16,322		—		—		16,322
Non-cash equity compensation expense		2,757		1,691		229		4,817		16,909		26,403
Management incentive fee		—		—		—		—		2,048		2,048
Acquisition and investment pursuit costs		(56)		2		(266)		(451)		(356)		(1,127)
Depreciation and amortization		695		15		71,067		14,181		—		85,958
Credit loss provision, net		2,046		1,196		—		—		—		3,242
Interest income adjustment for securities		(585)		—		—		14,698		—		14,113
Extinguishment of debt, net		—		—		—		—		(1,704)		(1,704)
Other non-cash items		—		—		(565)		699		470		604
Reversal of GAAP unrealized (gains) / losses on:
Loans		(16,837)		—		—		(48,841)		—		(65,678)
Securities		2,945		—		—		(56,431)		—		(53,486)
Derivatives		(11,763)		3,337		8,457		16,841		(32,915)		(16,043)
Foreign currency		17,025		102		7		—		—		17,134
(Earnings) loss from unconsolidated entities		(8,576)		—		42,538		(3,601)		—		30,361
Recognition of Core realized gains / (losses) on:
Loans		7,180		(985)		—		49,719		—		55,914
Securities		970		—		—		11,702		—		12,672
Derivatives		1,800		(1,396)		2,257		(17,114)		—		(14,453)
Foreign currency		(4,725)		(998)		(7)		9		—		(5,721)
Earnings (loss) from unconsolidated entities		7,078		—		(68,905)		14,194		—		(47,633)
Sales of properties		—		—		—		(7,297)		—		(7,297)
Core Earnings (Loss)	$	342,112	$	9,162	$	18,628	$	175,089	$	(155,567)	$	389,424
Core Earnings (Loss) per Weighted Average Diluted Share	$	1.17	$	0.03	$	0.06	$	0.60	$	(0.53)	$	1.33

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Commercial and Residential Lending Segment

The Commercial and Residential Lending Segment’s Core Earnings increased by $68.6 million, from $342.1 million during the nine months of 2019 to $410.7 million in the nine months of 2020. After making adjustments for the calculation of Core Earnings, revenues were $553.6 million, costs and expenses were $166.5 million, other income was $37.5 million and income tax provision was $13.9 million.

Core revenues, consisting principally of interest income on loans, increased by $27.8 million in the nine months of 2020, primarily due to an increase in interest income from loans of $29.5 million, partially offset by a decrease in interest income from investment securities of $4.2 million. The increase in interest income from loans was principally due to (i) higher prepayment related income and (ii) higher average balances of both commercial and residential loans, partially offset by (iii) lower average LIBOR rates (partially mitigated by the LIBOR floors on most of our commercial loans). The decrease in interest income from investment securities was primarily due to lower average LIBOR rates and lower prepayment related income on our single-borrower CMBS, partially offset by higher average RMBS investment balances.

Core costs and expenses decreased by $27.2 million in the nine months of 2020, primarily due to a $37.8 million decrease in interest expense associated with the various secured financing facilities used to fund a portion of this segment’s investment portfolio primarily due to lower average LIBOR rates partially offset by higher average borrowings outstanding. Such decrease was partially offset by higher general and administrative and other expenses.

Core other income increased by $22.3 million in the nine months of 2020, primarily due to an increase of $38.6 million in residential loan securitization gains, partially offset by unfavorable changes of $6.6 million in realized gains (losses) on derivatives principally related to the residential loans securitized, $5.5 million in gains (losses) on sales of other loans and investments and $4.3 million in earnings from unconsolidated entities.

Income taxes, which principally relate to the taxable nature of this segment’s residential loan securitization activities which are housed in TRSs, increased $9.1 million due to an increase in taxable income of those TRSs in the nine months of 2020.

Infrastructure Lending Segment

The Infrastructure Lending Segment’s Core Earnings increased by $7.3 million, from $9.2 million in the nine months of 2019 to $16.5 million in the nine months of 2020. After making adjustments for the calculation of Core Earnings, revenues were $61.7 million, costs and expenses were $44.4 million and other loss was $0.8 million.

Core revenues, consisting principally of interest income on loans, decreased by $16.5 million in the nine months of 2020, primarily due to decreases in interest income from loans of $15.6 million and investment securities of $0.5 million. The decrease in interest income from loans was primarily due to a decrease in average LIBOR rates and lower average loan balances outstanding as a result of sales and repayments, partially offset by an increase in average spreads on our infrastructure loans.

Core costs and expenses decreased by $16.8 million in the nine months of 2020, primarily due to a decrease in interest expense on the secured debt facilities used to finance this segment’s investment portfolio principally due to lower average LIBOR rates and lower average borrowings as a result of loan sales and repayments.

Core other loss decreased by $7.8 million in the nine months of 2020, primarily due to a decreased loss on extinguishment of debt resulting from the write-off of deferred financing fees relating to partial debt prepayments from proceeds of loan repayments and sales.

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Property Segment

Core Earnings by Portfolio (amounts in thousands)


	For the Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2020		2019		Change
Master Lease Portfolio	$	12,811	$	12,663	$	148
Medical Office Portfolio		14,526		19,329		(4,803)
Woodstar I Portfolio		17,129		22,489		(5,360)
Woodstar II Portfolio		18,736		17,208		1,528
Ireland Portfolio		—		18,801		(18,801)
Investment in unconsolidated entities		—		(68,905)		68,905
Other/Corporate		(3,046)		(2,957)		(89)
Core Earnings	$	60,156	$	18,628	$	41,528

The Property Segment’s Core Earnings increased by $41.5 million, from $18.6 million during the nine months of 2019 to $60.1 million in the nine months of 2020. After making adjustments for the calculation of Core Earnings, revenues were $190.4 million, costs and expenses were $125.7 million and other loss was $4.6 million.

Core revenues decreased by $24.4 million in the nine months of 2020, primarily due to the sale of the Ireland Portfolio in December 2019, partially offset by increased rental income in the Woodstar Portfolios due to rental rate increases effective May 2019.

Core costs and expenses decreased by $8.2 million in the nine months of 2020, primarily due to the sale of the Ireland Portfolio in December 2019.

Core other loss decreased by $57.5 million in the nine months of 2020 primarily due to a $68.9 million other-than-temporary loss recognized on our investment in the Retail Fund in the 2019 period that did not recur in the 2020 period, partially offset by a $9.4 million unfavorable change in realized gains (losses) on certain interest rate and foreign currency derivatives and a $2.2 million loss on extinguishment of debt in the second quarter of 2020 in connection with the refinancing of our Woodstar I Portfolio.

Investing and Servicing Segment

The Investing and Servicing Segment’s Core Earnings decreased by $86.0 million, from $175.1 million during the nine months of 2019 to $89.1 million in the nine months of 2020. After making adjustments for the calculation of Core Earnings, revenues were $148.5 million, costs and expenses were $84.9 million, other income was $32.2 million, income tax benefit was $7.8 million and the deduction of income attributable to non-controlling interests was $14.5 million.

Core revenues decreased by $67.0 million in the nine months of 2020, primarily due to decreases of $32.6 million in servicing fees, $22.5 million in interest income from CMBS and conduit loans and $11.9 million in rental income from our REIS Equity Portfolio due to fewer properties held and an owned hotel which was closed during the second quarter due to COVID-19. The decrease in interest income primarily reflects a $13.3 million decrease in interest recoveries on CMBS and lower average balances of conduit loans held-for-sale.

Core costs and expenses decreased by $18.4 million in the nine months of 2020, primarily due to decreases of $6.4 million in costs of rental operations due to fewer properties held, $6.4 million in interest expense on borrowings related to properties held and conduit loans and $6.3 million in general and administrative expenses reflecting lower incentive compensation.

Core other income decreased by $38.1 million in the nine months of 2020, primarily due to decreases of $27.0 million in realized gains on conduit loans and $17.7 million in gains on sales of operating properties and CMBS.

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Income taxes, which principally relate to the taxable nature of this segment’s loan servicing and loan securitization businesses which are housed in TRSs, decreased $11.9 million from a provision of $4.1 million to a benefit of $7.8 million due to tax losses of those TRSs in the nine months of 2020.

Income attributable to non-controlling interests increased $11.2 million primarily relating to income of a consolidated CMBS joint venture in which we hold a 51% interest.

Corporate

Core corporate costs and expenses decreased by $16.1 million, from $155.6 million during the nine months of 2019 to $139.5 million in the nine months of 2020 primarily due to (i) a $12.1 million favorable change in realized gain (loss) on interest rate swaps which hedge a portion of our unsecured senior notes used to repay variable-rate secured financing, (ii) a $2.4 million decrease in loss on extinguishment of debt and (iii) a $1.2 million decrease in interest expense principally on lower average outstanding balances of our unsecured senior notes.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity is a measure of our ability to meet our cash requirements, including ongoing commitments to repay borrowings, fund and maintain our assets and operations, make new investments where appropriate, pay dividends to our stockholders, and other general business needs. We closely monitor our liquidity position and believe that we have sufficient current liquidity and access to additional liquidity to meet our financial obligations for at least the next 12 months. Our strategy for managing liquidity and capital resources has not changed since December 31, 2019. Refer to our Form 10-K for a description of these strategies. We expect to preserve and build our liquidity to best position the Company to weather near-term market uncertainty, satisfy our loan future funding and financing obligations and to potentially make opportunistic new investments, which will cause us to take some or all of the following actions: raise capital from offerings of securities, borrow additional capital, sell assets, pay our management and incentive fees in shares of our common stock (as was done for the quarter ended March 31, 2020) and/or change our dividend practice, including by reducing the amount of, or temporarily suspending, our future dividends or paying our future dividends in kind for some period of time. We currently expect the pace of loan repayments will slow while the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic are ongoing.

COVID-19 Pandemic

We are continuing to monitor the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on us, the borrowers underlying our commercial and residential real estate-related loans and infrastructure loans (and their tenants), the tenants in the properties we own, our financing sources, and the economy as a whole. Because the severity, magnitude and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic and its economic consequences are uncertain, rapidly changing and difficult to predict, the pandemic’s impact on our operations and liquidity remains uncertain and difficult to predict. Further discussion of the potential impacts on us from the COVID-19 pandemic is provided in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Credit Facilities

Shortly after the initial outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, we entered into agreements with certain of our secured credit facility lenders in our commercial lending portfolio to temporarily suspend credit mark provisions on certain of their portfolio assets in exchange for: (i) cash repayments; (ii) pledges of additional collateral; and (iii) reductions of available borrowings.

We are in frequent, consistent dialogue with the providers of our secured credit facilities regarding our management of their collateral assets in light of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, including the determination of whether any extensions to these agreements are necessary as these temporary suspensions expire. Our in-house asset management team, along with an experienced team of workout professionals within our special servicer, are skilled in managing loans throughout cycles, which we believe will assist us in achieving maximum resolution on any assets impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.

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No such modifications or agreements were made with lenders on credit facilities related to our property, residential lending or infrastructure lending portfolios.

Our primary sources of liquidity are as follows:

Cash Flows for the Nine Months ended September 30, 2020 (amounts in thousands)


			VIE		Excluding Investing
	GAAP		Adjustments		and Servicing VIEs
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	526,149	$	(1,999)	$	524,150
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Origination and purchase of loans held-for-investment		(2,368,931)		—		(2,368,931)
Proceeds from principal collections and sale of loans		1,792,542		—		1,792,542
Purchase and funding of investment securities		(22,408)		(265,469)		(287,877)
Proceeds from sales and collections of investment securities		75,897		81,550		157,447
Proceeds from sales of real estate		23,805		—		23,805
Purchases and additions to properties and other assets		(17,923)		—		(17,923)
Investment in unconsolidated entities		(3,133)		—		(3,133)
Proceeds from sale of interest in unconsolidated entities		10,313		—		10,313
Net cash flows from other investments and assets		(60,118)		—		(60,118)
Net cash used in investing activities		(569,956)		(183,919)		(753,875)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Proceeds from borrowings		4,935,556		—		4,935,556
Principal repayments on and repurchases of borrowings		(4,221,999)		(13,950)		(4,235,949)
Payment of deferred financing costs		(17,978)		—		(17,978)
Proceeds from common stock issuances, net of offering costs		442		—		442
Payment of dividends		(408,893)		—		(408,893)
Contributions from non-controlling interests		9,657		—		9,657
Distributions to non-controlling interests		(90,006)		2,472		(87,534)
Purchase of treasury stock		(28,830)		—		(28,830)
Issuance of debt of consolidated VIEs		24,376		(24,376)		—
Repayment of debt of consolidated VIEs		(279,419)		279,419		—
Distributions of cash from consolidated VIEs		57,174		(57,174)		—
Net cash provided by financing activities		(19,920)		186,391		166,471
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(63,727)		473		(63,254)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period		574,031		(1,221)		572,810
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash		902		—		902
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	511,206	$	(748)	$	510,458

The discussion below is on a non-GAAP basis, after removing adjustments principally resulting from the consolidation of the securitization VIEs under ASC 810. These adjustments principally relate to (i) the purchase of CMBS, RMBS, loans and real estate from consolidated VIEs, which are reflected as repayments of VIE debt on a GAAP basis and (ii) principal collections of CMBS and RMBS related to consolidated VIEs, which are reflected as VIE distributions on a GAAP basis. There is no significant net impact to cash flows from operations or to overall cash resulting from these consolidations. Refer to Note 2 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.

Cash and cash equivalents decreased by $63.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, reflecting net cash used in investing activities of $753.9 million, partially offset by net cash provided by operating activities of $524.2 million and financing activities of $166.5 million.

Net cash provided by operating activities of $524.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 related primarily to cash interest income of $408.2 million from our loans and $119.5 million from our investment securities and proceeds from sales of loans held-for-sale, net of originations and purchases, of $272.3 million. Net rental income provided cash of $134.4 million and servicing fees provided cash of $30.4 million. Offsetting these cash inflows

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was cash interest expense of $284.9 million, general and administrative expenses of $85.5 million, management fees of $56.8 million and a net change in operating assets and liabilities of $24.8 million.

Net cash used in investing activities of $753.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 related primarily to the origination and acquisition of new loans held-for-investment of $2.4 billion, the purchase and funding of investment securities of $287.9 million and additions to properties and other assets of $17.9 million, partially offset by proceeds received from principal collections and sales of loans of $1.8 billion and investment securities of $157.4 million, proceeds from the sale of real estate of $23.8 million and proceeds from the sale of interest in unconsolidated entities of $10.3 million.

Net cash provided by financing activities of $166.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 related primarily to borrowings on our secured debt, net of repayments and deferred loan costs, of $681.6 million, partially offset by dividend distributions of $408.9 million, net distributions to non-controlling interests of $77.9 million and treasury stock purchases of $28.8 million.

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Our Investment Portfolio

The following is a review of our segments for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Refer to the section entitled “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for discussion of the potential impacts on us from the COVID-19 pandemic.

Commercial and Residential Lending Segment

The following table sets forth the amount of each category of investments we owned across various property types within our Commercial and Residential Lending Segment as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands):


										Unlevered
	Face		Carrying			Asset Specific		Net		Return on
	Amount		Value			Financing		Investment		Asset
September 30, 2020
First mortgages (1)	$	8,547,835	$	8,524,192		$	5,555,294	$	2,968,898	6.3	%
Subordinated mortgages		70,979		69,835			—		69,835	8.7	%
Mezzanine loans (1)		587,223		588,116			—		588,116	11.7	%
Residential loans, fair value option		249,323		256,407			170,063		86,344	6.0	%
Other loans		34,043		30,548			—		30,548	9.9	%
Loans held-for-sale, fair value option, residential		742,106		747,654			473,041		274,613	6.0	%
RMBS, available-for-sale		260,260		170,270			110,478		59,792	11.2	%
RMBS, fair value option		275,787		373,682	(2)		75,118		298,564	8.4	%
CMBS, fair value option		102,900		96,869	(2)		25,313		71,556	6.3	%
HTM debt securities (3)		505,247		504,936			96,716		408,220	6.8	%
Credit loss allowance		—		(99,048)			—		(99,048)
Equity security		11,805		10,058			—		10,058
Investment in unconsolidated entities		N/A		50,850			—		50,850
Properties, net		N/A		27,123			—		27,123
	$	11,387,508	$	11,351,492		$	6,506,023	$	4,845,469

December 31, 2019
First mortgages (1)	$	7,961,494	$	7,926,732		$	4,715,244	$	3,211,488	6.4	%
Subordinated mortgages		77,055		75,724			—		75,724	9.5	%
Mezzanine loans (1)		484,408		484,164			—		484,164	12.2	%
Residential loans, fair value option		654,925		671,572			425,423		246,149	5.9	%
Other loans		66,525		62,555			—		62,555	8.9	%
Loans held-for-sale, fair value option, residential		587,144		605,384			454,223		151,161	5.9	%
Credit loss allowance, loans		—		(33,415)			—		(33,415)
RMBS, available-for-sale		278,853		189,576			102,073		87,503	12.3	%
RMBS, fair value option		87,397		147,034	(2)		32,292		114,742	10.2	%
CMBS, fair value option		118,249		118,215	(2)		58,801		59,414	5.5	%
HTM debt securities (3)		527,338		525,485			178,880		346,605	7.1	%
Equity security		12,119		12,664			—		12,664
Investment in unconsolidated entities		N/A		46,921			—		46,921
Properties, net		N/A		26,834			—		26,834
	$	10,855,507	$	10,859,445		$	5,966,936	$	4,892,509

(1)

(2)	Eliminated in consolidation against VIE liabilities pursuant to ASC 810.

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(3)	CMBS held-to-maturity (“HTM”) and mandatorily redeemable preferred equity interests in commercial real estate entities.

As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, our Commercial and Residential Lending Segment’s investment portfolio, excluding residential loans, RMBS, properties and other investments, had the following characteristics based on carrying values:


Collateral Property Type	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Office	34.1	%	40.2	%
Hotel	22.4	%	20.6	%
Multifamily	14.4	%	12.3	%
Mixed Use	8.4	%	7.1	%
Residential	8.2	%	8.7	%
Retail	2.8	%	3.5	%
Industrial	1.8	%	0.6	%
Other	7.9	%	7.0	%
	100.0	%	100.0	%


Geographic Location	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
U.S. Regions:
North East	24.5	%	27.5	%
West	18.5	%	22.2	%
South West	10.9	%	10.7	%
Mid Atlantic	9.5	%	8.3	%
South East	8.3	%	7.9	%
Midwest	4.6	%	4.1	%
International:
Europe/Australia	20.8	%	16.2	%
Bahamas/Bermuda	2.9	%	3.1	%
	100.0	%	100.0	%

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Infrastructure Lending Segment

The following table sets forth the amount of each category of investments we owned within our Infrastructure Lending Segment as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands):


									Unlevered
	Face		Carrying		Asset Specific		Net		Return on
	Amount		Value		Financing		Investment		Asset
September 30, 2020
First priority infrastructure loans and HTM securities	$	1,630,855	$	1,601,005	$	1,243,001	$	358,004	4.7	%
Credit loss allowance		N/A		(17,124)		—		(17,124)
Investment in unconsolidated entities		N/A		24,664		—		24,664
	$	1,630,855	$	1,608,545	$	1,243,001	$	365,544

December 31, 2019
First priority infrastructure loans and HTM securities	$	1,474,052	$	1,442,601	$	1,121,065	$	321,536	6.4	%
Loans held-for-sale, infrastructure		121,271		119,724		96,001		23,723	5.1	%
Credit loss allowance		N/A		(196)		—		(196)
Investment in unconsolidated entities		N/A		25,862		—		25,862
	$	1,595,323	$	1,587,991	$	1,217,066	$	370,925

As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, our Infrastructure Lending Segment’s investment portfolio had the following characteristics based on carrying values:


Collateral Type	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Natural gas power	68.4	%	72.6	%
Midstream	20.9	%	12.8	%
Renewable power	7.2	%	10.6	%
Other thermal power	3.5	%	4.0	%
	100.0	%	100.0	%


Geographic Location	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
U.S. Regions:
North East	42.1	%	43.9	%
Midwest	21.8	%	25.5	%
South West	16.2	%	12.6	%
South East	9.0	%	4.8	%
West	3.6	%	4.2	%
Mid-Atlantic	3.6	%	4.0	%
International:
Mexico	2.7	%	2.9	%
Other	1.0	%	2.1	%
	100.0	%	100.0	%

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Property Segment

The following table sets forth the amount of each category of investments held within our Property Segment as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (amounts in thousands):


	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Properties, net	$	1,983,124	$	2,029,024
Lease intangibles, net		39,978		44,986
	$	2,023,102	$	2,074,010

The following table sets forth our net investment and other information regarding the Property Segment’s properties and lease intangibles as of September 30, 2020 (dollars in thousands):


				Asset						Weighted Average
		Carrying		Specific		Net		Occupancy		Remaining
		Value		Financing		Investment		Rate		Lease Term
Office—Medical Office Portfolio		$	760,098	$	591,853	$	168,245	93.2	%	6.1 years
Multifamily residential—Woodstar I Portfolio			634,017		572,202		61,815	98.2	%	0.5 years
Multifamily residential—Woodstar II Portfolio			607,695		437,037		170,658	99.3	%	0.5 years
Retail—Master Lease Portfolio			343,790		192,639		151,151	100.0	%	21.6 years
Subtotal—undepreciated carrying value			2,345,600		1,793,731		551,869
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	��		(322,498)		—		(322,498)
Net carrying value		$	2,023,102	$	1,793,731	$	229,371

As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, our Property Segment’s investment portfolio had the following geographic characteristics based on carrying values:


Geographic Location	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
South East	62.0	%	62.0	%
South West	10.3	%	10.3	%
Midwest	10.1	%	10.1	%
North East	9.7	%	9.7	%
West	7.9	%	7.9	%
	100.0	%	100.0	%

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Investing and Servicing Segment

The following table sets forth the amount of each category of investments we owned within our Investing and Servicing Segment as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (amounts in thousands):


						Asset
	Face		Carrying			Specific			Net
	Amount		Value			Financing			Investment
September 30, 2020
CMBS, fair value option	$	2,618,530	$	1,097,322	(1)	$	318,443	(2)	$	778,879
Intangible assets - servicing rights		N/A		52,770	(3)		—			52,770
Lease intangibles, net		N/A		16,548			—			16,548
Loans held-for-sale, fair value option, commercial		266,370		265,019			126,419			138,600
Loans held-for-investment		1,081		1,081			—			1,081
Investment in unconsolidated entities		N/A		45,236	(4)		—			45,236
Properties, net		N/A		197,575			169,193			28,382
	$	2,885,981	$	1,675,551		$	614,055		$	1,061,496
December 31, 2019
CMBS, fair value option	$	2,897,654	$	1,177,148	(1)	$	300,705		$	876,443
Intangible assets - servicing rights		N/A		43,164	(3)		—			43,164
Lease intangibles, net		N/A		20,060			—			20,060
Loans held-for-sale, fair value option, commercial		160,635		159,238			85,873			73,365
Loans held-for-investment		1,294		1,294			—			1,294
Investment in unconsolidated entities		N/A		32,183	(4)		—			32,183
Properties, net		N/A		210,582			187,929			22,653
	$	3,059,583	$	1,643,669		$	574,507		$	1,069,162

(1)

Includes $1.07 billion and $1.14 billion of CMBS eliminated in consolidation against VIE liabilities pursuant to ASC 810 as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Also includes $178.6 million and $186.6 million of non-controlling interests in the consolidated entities which hold certain of these CMBS as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

(2)	Includes $41.3 million of non-controlling interests in the consolidated entities which hold certain debt balances as of September 30, 2020.

(3)	Includes $38.2 million and $26.2 million of servicing rights intangibles eliminated in consolidation against VIE assets pursuant to ASC 810 as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

(4)	Includes $16.4 million and $20.6 million of investment in unconsolidated entities eliminated in consolidation against VIE assets pursuant to ASC 810 as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

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Our REIS Equity Portfolio, as described in Note 6 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, had the following characteristics based on carrying values of $198.8 million and $214.9 million as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively:


Property Type	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Office	50.0	%	52.7	%
Retail	30.5	%	28.8	%
Mixed Use	6.9	%	5.8	%
Self-storage	6.2	%	3.9	%
Multifamily	4.2	%	6.5	%
Hotel	2.2	%	2.3	%
	100.0	%	100.0	%


Geographic Location	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
South West	24.7	%	22.6	%
North East	24.4	%	22.0	%
South East	15.6	%	22.6	%
West	15.0	%	13.5	%
Mid Atlantic	11.8	%	8.4	%
Midwest	8.5	%	10.9	%
	100.0	%	100.0	%

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New Credit Facilities and Amendments

Refer to Notes 9 and 10 of our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a detailed discussion of new credit facilities and amendments to existing credit facilities executed since December 31, 2019.

Secured Borrowings

The following table is a summary of our secured borrowings as of September 30, 2020 (dollars in thousands):


						Pledged									Approved
					Weighted	Asset			Maximum						but		Unallocated
	Current		Extended		Average	Carrying			Facility			Outstanding			Undrawn		Financing
	Maturity		Maturity (a)		Pricing	Value			Size			Balance			Capacity (b)		Amount (c)
Repurchase Agreements:
Commercial Loans	May 2021 to Aug 2025	(d)	May 2023 to Mar 2029	(d)	(e)	$	6,643,722		$	8,747,538	(f)	$	4,556,665		$	71,355	$	4,119,518
Residential Loans	Jun 2022		N/A		LIBOR + 2.64%		37,046			400,000			23,866			—		376,134
Infrastructure Loans	Feb 2022		N/A		LIBOR + 2.00%		244,862			500,000			206,288			—		293,712
Conduit Loans	Feb 2021 to Jun 2023		Feb 2022 to Jun 2024		LIBOR + 1.93%		171,497			350,000			127,162			—		222,838
CMBS/RMBS	Oct 2020 to Dec 2029	(g)	Aug 2021 to Jun 2030	(g)	(h)		1,155,313			750,544			634,791	(i)		—		115,753
Total Repurchase Agreements							8,252,440			10,748,082			5,548,772			71,355		5,127,955
Other Secured Financing:
Borrowing Base Facility	Apr 2022		Apr 2024		LIBOR + 2.25%		50,194			650,000	(j)		37,594			—		612,406
Commercial Financing Facility	Mar 2022		Mar 2029		GBP LIBOR + 1.75%		95,077			76,721			76,721			—		—
Residential Financing Facility	Sep 2022		Sep 2025		3.50%		—			250,000			—			—		250,000
Infrastructure Acquisition Facility	Sep 2021		Sep 2022		(k)		710,572			701,370			572,382			—		128,988
Infrastructure Financing Facilities	Jul 2022 to Oct 2022		Oct 2024 to Jul 2027		LIBOR + 2.11%		583,319			1,250,000			464,487			—		785,513
Property Mortgages - Fixed rate	Nov 2024 to Aug 2052	(l)	N/A		3.81%		1,288,513			1,077,800			1,077,800			—		—
Property Mortgages - Variable rate	Nov 2021 to Jul 2030		N/A		(m)		926,495			927,300			908,906			—		18,394
Term Loan and Revolver	(n)		N/A		(n)		N/A	(n)		516,000			396,000			120,000		—
FHLB	Feb 2021		N/A		1.99%		948,409			1,600,000			619,500			—		980,500
Collateralized Loan Obligation	Jul 2038		N/A		LIBOR + 1.34%		1,099,558			936,375			936,375			—		—
Total Other Secured Financing							5,702,137			7,985,566			5,089,765			120,000		2,775,801
						$	13,954,577		$	18,733,648		$	10,638,537		$	191,355	$	7,903,756
Unamortized net discount													(9,908)
Unamortized deferred financing costs													(82,806)
												$	10,545,823

(a)	Subject to certain conditions as defined in the respective facility agreement.

(b)	Approved but undrawn capacity represents the total draw amount that has been approved by the lenders related to those assets that have been pledged as collateral, less the drawn amount.

(c)	Unallocated financing amount represents the maximum facility size less the total draw capacity that has been approved by the lenders.

(d)	For certain facilities, borrowings collateralized by loans existing at maturity may remain outstanding until such loan collateral matures, subject to certain specified conditions.

(e)	Certain facilities with an outstanding balance of $1.3 billion as of September 30, 2020 are indexed to GBP LIBOR and EURIBOR. The remainder have a weighted average rate of LIBOR + 2.02%.

(f)	The aggregate initial maximum facility size of $8.7 billion may be increased at our option, subject to certain conditions. This amount includes such upsizes.

(g)	Certain facilities with an outstanding balance of $285.9 million as of September 30, 2020 carry a rolling 11-month or 12-month term which may reset monthly or quarterly with the lender's consent. These facilities carry no maximum facility size.

(h)	A facility with an outstanding balance of $184.2 million as of September 30, 2020 has a fixed annual interest rate of 3.50%. All other facilities are variable rate with a weighted average rate of LIBOR + 1.57%.

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(i)

(j)	The initial maximum facility size of $300.0 million may be increased to $650.0 million, subject to certain conditions.

(k)	Consists of an annual interest rate of the applicable currency benchmark index + 2.00%.

(l)	The weighted average maturity is 7.0 years as of September 30, 2020.

(m)	Includes a $600.0 million first mortgage and mezzanine loan secured by our Medical Office Portfolio. This debt has a weighted average interest rate of LIBOR + 2.07% that we swapped to a fixed rate of 3.34%. The remainder have a weighted average rate of LIBOR + 2.63%

(n)

Consists of: (i) a $396.0 million term loan facility that matures in July 2026 with an annual interest rate of LIBOR + 2.50% and (ii) a $120.0 million revolving credit facility that matures in July 2024 with an annual interest rate of LIBOR + 3.00%. These facilities are secured by the equity interests in certain of our subsidiaries which totaled $3.7 billion as of September 30, 2020.

Refer to Note 9 of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further disclosure regarding the terms of our secured financing arrangements.

Variance between Average and Quarter-End Credit Facility Borrowings Outstanding

The following table compares the average amount outstanding under our secured financing agreements during each quarter and the amount outstanding as of the end of each quarter, together with an explanation of significant variances (amounts in thousands):


			Weighted-Average				Explanations
	Quarter-End		Balance During				for Significant
Quarter Ended	Balance		Quarter		Variance		Variances
December 31, 2019		9,936,500		9,535,839		400,661	(a)
March 31, 2020		10,714,680		10,194,276		520,404	(b)
June 30, 2020		9,858,371		10,218,089		(359,718)	(c)
September 30, 2020		10,638,537		10,151,695		486,842	(d)

(a)	Variance primarily due to the following: (i) the late quarter timing of commercial loan fundings, which resulted in the Company drawing on its corresponding credit facilities which financed these assets and (ii) borrowings on a new Infrastructure Financing Facility.

(b)	Variance primarily due to the following: (i) drawing on all available credit facilities at quarter end and (ii) borrowings on two new lending facilities.

(c)

Variance primarily due to the late quarter timing of a residential loan securitization, which resulted in a $387.4 million paydown of the FHLB facility, partially offset by the late quarter timing of the refinancing of our Woodstar I Portfolio, which resulted in net additional borrowings of $100.1 million.

(d)	Variance primarily due to the following: (i) late quarter timing of conduit loan fundings and (ii) the closing of a large European loan pledged to two commercial credit facilities.

Borrowings under Unsecured Senior Notes

During both the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the weighted average effective borrowing rate on our unsecured senior notes was 4.9%. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, the weighted average effective borrowing rate on our unsecured senior notes was 5.0% and 4.9%, respectively. The effective borrowing rate includes the effects of underwriter purchase discount and the adjustment for the conversion option on the Convertible Notes, the initial value of which reduced the balance of the notes.

Refer to Note 10 of our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further disclosure regarding the terms of our unsecured senior notes.

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Scheduled Principal Repayments on Investments and Overhang on Financing Facilities

The following scheduled and/or projected principal repayments on our investments were based on amounts outstanding and extended contractual maturities of those investments as of September 30, 2020. The projected and/or required repayments of financing were based on the earlier of (i) the extended contractual maturity of each credit facility or (ii) the extended contractual maturity of each of the investments that have been pledged as collateral under the respective credit facility (amounts in thousands):


	Scheduled Principal		Scheduled/Projected		Projected/Required			Scheduled Principal
	Repayments on Loans		Principal Repayments		Repayments of			Inflows Net of
	and HTM Securities		on RMBS and CMBS		Financing			Financing Outflows
Fourth Quarter 2020		365,971		11,541		(391,571)	(1)		(14,059)
First Quarter 2021		464,105		7,981		(1,268,191)	(2)		(796,105)
Second Quarter 2021		415,973		16,066		(83,194)			348,845
Third Quarter 2021		146,337		6,803		(151,131)			2,009
Total	$	1,392,386	$	42,391	$	(1,894,087)		$	(459,310)

(1)	$277.5 million represents borrowings with the FHLB associated with our residential loans, most of which are intended for securitization. The FHLB facility matures in February 2021. We intend to transition any loans not already securitized to alternate facilities beginning later this year.

(2)

$500.0 million represents the maturity of our 2021 Senior Notes, which we intend to repay with proceeds from corporate debt issuances subsequent to September 30, 2020 (see Note 23 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements). $342.0 million represents borrowings with the FHLB associated with our residential loans, which will be repaid with securitization proceeds or alternative financing lines (see Note 1 above).

In the normal course of business, the Company is in discussions with its lenders to extend or amend any financing facilities which contain near term expirations.

Issuances of Equity Securities

We may raise funds through capital market transactions by issuing capital stock. There can be no assurance, however, that we will be able to access the capital markets at any particular time or on any particular terms. We have authorized 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock and 500,000,000 shares of common stock. At September 30, 2020, we had 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock available for issuance and 215,318,234 shares of common stock available for issuance.

Other Potential Sources of Financing

In the future, we may also use other sources of financing to fund the acquisition of our target assets, including other secured as well as unsecured forms of borrowing and sale of senior loan interests and other assets.

Repurchases of Equity Securities and Convertible Senior Notes

In February 2020, our board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to $400.0 million of our outstanding common shares and convertible senior notes over a period of one year. Purchases made pursuant to the program will be made in either the open market or in privately negotiated transactions from time to time as permitted by federal securities laws and other legal requirements. The timing, manner, price and amount of any repurchases are discretionary and will be subject to economic and market conditions, stock price, applicable legal requirements and other factors. The program may be suspended or discontinued at any time. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we repurchased $28.8 million of common stock and no convertible senior notes under the repurchase program. As of September 30, 2020, we have $371.2 million of remaining capacity to repurchase common stock and/or convertible senior notes under the repurchase program.

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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have relationships with unconsolidated entities and financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as VIEs. Our maximum risk of loss associated with our involvement in VIEs is limited to the carrying value of our investment in the entity and any unfunded capital commitments. Refer to Note 14 of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.

Dividends

U.S. federal income tax law generally requires that a REIT distribute annually at least 90% of its REIT taxable income, without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains, and that it pay tax at regular corporate rates to the extent that it annually distributes less than 100% of its net taxable income. We generally intend to distribute substantially all of our taxable income (which does not necessarily equal our GAAP net income) to our stockholders each year, if and to the extent authorized by our board of directors. Before we pay any dividend, whether for U.S. federal income tax purposes or otherwise, we must first meet both our operating and debt service requirements. If our cash available for distribution is less than our net taxable income, we could be required to sell assets or borrow funds to make cash distributions or we may make a portion of the required distribution in the form of a taxable stock distribution or distribution of debt securities. Refer to our Form 10-K for a detailed dividend history.

The Company’s board of directors declared the following dividends during the nine months ended September 30, 2020:


Declare Date	Record Date	Payment Date	Amount		Frequency
9/16/20	9/30/20	10/15/20	$	0.48	Quarterly
6/16/20	6/30/20	7/15/20	$	0.48	Quarterly
2/25/20	3/31/20	4/15/20	$	0.48	Quarterly

Leverage Policies

Our strategies with regards to use of leverage have not changed significantly since December 31, 2019. Refer to our Form 10-K for a description of our strategies regarding use of leverage.

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Contractual Obligations and Commitments

Contractual obligations as of September 30, 2020 are as follows (amounts in thousands):


			Less than							More than
	Total		1 year			1 to 3 years		3 to 5 years		5 years
Secured financings (a)	$	9,702,162	$	1,122,893	(b)	$	1,022,114	$	4,532,587	$	3,024,568
Collateralized loan obligations		936,375		—			—		—		936,375
Unsecured senior notes		1,950,000		500,000			950,000		500,000		—
Loan and preferred equity interest funding commitments (c)		1,630,823		1,125,780			485,886		19,157		—
Infrastructure Lending Segment commitments (d)		241,646		202,786			38,860		—		—
Future lease commitments		31,324		7,163			4,741		3,529		15,891
Total	$	14,492,330	$	2,958,622		$	2,501,601	$	5,055,273	$	3,976,834

(a)

Represents the contractual maturity of the respective credit facility, inclusive of available extension options. If investments that have been pledged as collateral repay earlier than the contractual maturity of the debt, the related portion of the debt would likewise require earlier repayment. Refer to Note 9 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the expected maturities by year.

(b)

$619.5 million represents borrowings with the FHLB associated with our residential loans, most of which are intended for securitization. The FHLB facility matures in February 2021. We intend to transition any loans not already securitized to alternate facilities beginning later this year. $400.9 million represents borrowings under certain securities repurchase facilities that carry a rolling term.

(c)	Excludes $156.1 million of loan funding commitments in which management projects the Company will not be obligated to fund in the future due to repayments made by the borrower earlier than, or in excess of, expectations.

(d)	Represents contractual commitments of $146.2 million under revolvers and letters of credit and $95.4 million under delayed draw term loans.

The table above does not include interest payable, amounts due under our management agreement, amounts due under our derivative agreements or amounts due under guarantees as those contracts do not have fixed and determinable payments.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP, which requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We believe that all of the decisions and assessments upon which our financial statements are based were reasonable at the time made, based upon information available to us at that time. Refer to the section of our Form 10-K entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Estimates” for a full discussion of our critical accounting estimates. Except as set forth below, our critical accounting estimates have not materially changed since December 31, 2019.

Credit Losses

Loans and Debt Securities Measured at Amortized Cost

As discussed in Note 2 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, ASC 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, became effective for the Company on January 1, 2020. ASC 326 mandates the use of a current expected credit loss model (“CECL”) for estimating future credit losses of certain financial instruments measured at amortized cost, instead of the “incurred loss” credit model previously required under GAAP. The CECL model requires the

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consideration of possible credit losses over the life of an instrument as opposed to only estimating credit losses upon the occurrence of a discrete loss event under the previous “incurred loss” methodology. The CECL model applies to our loans held-for-investment (“HFI”) and our held-to-maturity (“HTM”) debt securities which are carried at amortized cost, including future funding commitments and accrued interest receivable related to those loans and securities.

As we do not have a history of realized credit losses on our HFI loans and HTM securities, we have subscribed to third party database services to provide us with historical industry losses for both commercial real estate and infrastructure loans. Using these losses as a benchmark, we determine expected credit losses for our loans and securities on a collective basis within our commercial real estate and infrastructure portfolios. Such determination also incorporates significant assumptions and estimates regarding, among other things, prepayments, future fundings and economic forecasts. See Note 4 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of our methodologies.

Significant judgment is required when estimating future credit losses; therefore, actual results over time could be materially different. As of September 30, 2020, we held $11.3 billion of loans and HTM securities measured at amortized cost with expected future funding commitments of $1.7 billion. We recognized a net credit loss reversal of $3.6 million and a provision of $55.3 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, and the related credit loss allowance was $122.9 million as of September 30, 2020.

Available-for-Sale Debt Securities

Separate provisions of ASC 326 apply to our available-for-sale (“AFS”) debt securities which are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”). We are required to establish an initial credit loss allowance for those securities that are purchased with credit deterioration by grossing up the amortized cost basis of each security and providing an offsetting credit loss allowance for the difference between expected cash flows and contractual cash flows, both on a present value basis.

Subsequently, cumulative adverse changes in expected cash flows on our available-for-sale debt securities are recognized currently as an increase to the credit loss allowance. However, the allowance is limited to the amount by which the AFS debt security’s amortized cost exceeds its fair value. Favorable changes in expected cash flows are first recognized as a decrease to the allowance for credit losses (recognized currently in earnings). Such changes would be recognized as a prospective yield adjustment only when the allowance for credit losses is reduced to zero. A change in expected cash flows that is attributable solely to a change in a variable interest reference rate does not result in a credit loss and is accounted for as a prospective yield adjustment.

Significant judgment is required when estimating expected cash flows used in determining the credit loss allowance for AFS debt securities; therefore, actual results over time could be materially different. As of September 30, 2020, we held $170.3 million of AFS debt securities. We did not recognize any provision for credit losses with respect to our AFS debt securities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and there was no related credit loss allowance as of September 30, 2020.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We seek to manage our risks related to the credit quality of our assets, interest rates, liquidity, prepayment speeds and market value while, at the same time, seeking to provide an opportunity to stockholders to realize attractive risk-adjusted returns through ownership of our capital stock. While we do not seek to avoid risk completely, we believe the risk can be quantified from historical experience and seek to actively manage that risk, to earn sufficient compensation to justify taking those risks and to maintain capital levels consistent with the risks we undertake. Our strategies for managing risk and our exposure to such risks, as described in Item 7A of our Form 10-K, have not changed materially since December 31, 2019 except as described below. However, many of those risks have been magnified due to the continuing economic disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Credit Risk

Our loans and investments are subject to credit risk. The performance and value of our loans and investments depend upon the owners’ ability to operate the properties that serve as our collateral so that they produce cash flows adequate to pay interest and principal due to us. To monitor this risk, our asset management team reviews our investment portfolios and is in regular contact with our borrowers, monitoring performance of the collateral and enforcing our rights as necessary.

We seek to further manage credit risk associated with our Investing and Servicing Segment loans held-for-sale through the purchase of credit index instruments. The following table presents our credit index instruments as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands):


	Face Value of		Aggregate Notional Value of		Number of
	Loans Held-for-Sale		Credit Index Instruments		Credit Index Instruments
September 30, 2020	$	266,370	$	69,000	4
December 31, 2019	$	160,635	$	89,000	5

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the commercial real estate markets, causing reduced occupancy, requests from tenants for rent deferral or abatement, and delays in construction and development and infrastructure projects currently planned or underway. These negative conditions have continued, and may continue into the future and impair our borrowers’ ability to pay principal and interest due to us under our loan agreements and our tenants’ ability to pay rent under various lease arrangements.

As discussed above, our asset management team reviews our investment portfolios and is in regular contact with our borrowers, monitoring performance of the collateral and enforcing our rights as necessary. We have utilized these relationships to address the potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic to the assets which secure our loans, particularly hospitality assets. Some of our borrowers have indicated that due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, they will be unable to timely execute their business plans, have had to temporarily close their businesses, or have experienced other negative business consequences which have led to cash flow pressures at the underlying properties. In some cases, these borrowers have requested temporary interest deferral or forbearance, or other modifications of their loans.

Discussions we have had with our borrowers and tenants have addressed potential near-term defensive loan or lease modifications, which could include repurposing of reserves, temporary deferrals of interest, or performance test or covenant waivers on loans collateralized by assets directly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.

As discussed above, we have granted loan modifications to certain of our borrowers. Although we continue to believe that the principal amounts of our assets are generally adequately protected by underlying collateral value, there is a risk that we will not realize the entire principal value of certain investments.

Capital Market Risk

We are exposed to risks related to the equity capital markets and our related ability to raise capital through the issuance of our common stock or other equity instruments. We are also exposed to risks related to the debt capital markets, and our related ability to finance our business through borrowings under repurchase obligations or other debt

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instruments. As a REIT, we are required to distribute a significant portion of our taxable income annually, which constrains our ability to accumulate operating cash flow and therefore requires us to utilize debt or equity capital to finance our business. We seek to mitigate these risks by monitoring the debt and equity capital markets to inform our decisions on the amount, timing and terms of capital we raise.

The COVID-19 pandemic has also resulted in extreme volatility in a variety of global markets, including the real estate-related debt markets. We may receive margin calls from our lenders as a result of the decline in the market value of the loans or other assets pledged by us to our lenders under our repurchase agreements and warehouse credit facilities, and if we fail to resolve such margin calls when due by payment of cash or delivery of additional collateral, the lenders may exercise remedies including demanding payment by us of our aggregate outstanding financing obligations and/or taking ownership of the loans or other assets securing the applicable obligations.

Interest Rate Risk

Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors, including fiscal and monetary policies and domestic and international economic and political considerations, as well as other factors beyond our control. We are subject to interest rate risk in connection with our investments and the related financing obligations. In general, we seek to match the interest rate characteristics of our investments with the interest rate characteristics of any related financing obligations such as repurchase agreements, bank credit facilities, term loans, revolving facilities and securitizations. In instances where the interest rate characteristics of an investment and the related financing obligation are not matched, we mitigate such interest rate risk through the utilization of interest rate derivatives of the same duration. The following table presents financial instruments where we have utilized interest rate derivatives to hedge interest rate risk and the related interest rate derivatives as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands):


			Aggregate Notional
	Face Value of		Value of Interest		Number of Interest
	Hedged Instruments		Rate Derivatives		Rate Derivatives
Instrument hedged as of September 30, 2020
Loans held-for-sale		1,008,476		566,400	47
RMBS, available-for-sale		260,260		421,000	4
CMBS, fair value option		130,934		71,000	2
HTM debt securities		17,082		17,082	1
Secured financing agreements		925,317		1,631,573	24
Unsecured senior notes		1,000,000		970,000	2
	$	3,342,069	$	3,677,055	80
Instrument hedged as of December 31, 2019
Loans held-for-investment, residential	$	654,925	$	169,200	8
Loans held-for-sale		747,779		344,900	24
RMBS, available-for-sale		278,853		85,000	2
HTM debt securities		18,784		18,784	1
Secured financing agreements		693,496		1,423,881	14
Unsecured senior notes		1,000,000		970,000	2
	$	3,393,837	$	3,011,765	51

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The following table summarizes the estimated annual change in net investment income for our variable rate investments and our variable rate debt assuming increases or decreases in LIBOR or other applicable index rates and adjusted for the effects of our interest rate hedging activities (amounts in thousands, except per share data):


	Variable rate
	investments and		1.0%		0.5%		0.5%		1.0%
Income (Expense) Subject to Interest Rate Sensitivity	indebtedness (1)		Increase		Increase		Decrease		Decrease
Investment income from variable rate investments	$	10,562,374	$	40,504	$	16,251	$	(4,176)	$	(4,303)
Interest expense from variable rate debt, net of interest rate derivatives		(7,266,674)		(78,864)		(38,941)		11,425		12,724
Net investment income from variable rate instruments	$	3,295,700	$	(38,360)	$	(22,690)	$	7,249	$	8,421
Impact per diluted shares outstanding			$	(0.13)	$	(0.08)	$	0.03	$	0.03

(1)Includes the notional value of interest rate derivatives.

LIBOR Transition Risk

In July 2017, the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority (the authority that regulates LIBOR) announced it intends to stop compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. There is currently no certainty regarding the future utilization of LIBOR or of any particular replacement rate (although the secured overnight financing rate has been proposed as an alternative to U.S.-dollar LIBOR). As indicated in the Interest Rate Risk section above, a substantial portion of our loans, investment securities, borrowings and interest rate derivatives are indexed to LIBOR or similar reference rates. Market participants anticipate that financial instruments tied to LIBOR will require transition to an alternative reference rate if LIBOR is no longer available. Our LIBOR-based loan agreements and borrowing arrangements generally specify alternative reference rates such as the prime rate and federal funds rate, respectively. The potential effect of the discontinuation of LIBOR on our interest income and expense cannot yet be determined and any changes to benchmark interest rates could increase our financing costs and/or result in mismatches between the interest rates of our investments and the corresponding financings.

Foreign Currency Risk

We intend to hedge our currency exposures in a prudent manner. However, our currency hedging strategies may not eliminate all of our currency risk due to, among other things, uncertainties in the timing and/or amount of payments received on the related investments, and/or unequal, inaccurate, or unavailable hedges to perfectly offset changes in future exchange rates. Additionally, we may be required under certain circumstances to collateralize our currency hedges for the benefit of the hedge counterparty, which could adversely affect our liquidity.

Consistent with our strategy of hedging foreign currency exposure on certain investments, we typically enter into a series of forwards to fix the U.S. dollar amount of foreign currency denominated cash flows (interest income, rental income and principal payments) we expect to receive from our foreign currency denominated investments. Accordingly, the notional values and expiration dates of our foreign currency hedges approximate the amounts and timing of future payments we expect to receive on the related investments.

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The following table represents our current currency hedge exposure as it relates to our investments denominated in foreign currencies, along with the aggregate notional amount of the hedges in place (amounts in thousands except for number of contracts) using the September 30, 2020 GBP closing rate of 1.2916, EUR closing rate of 1.1722 and AUD closing rate of 0.7161.


Carrying Value of Net Investment		Local Currency	Number of Foreign Exchange Contracts	Aggregate Notional Value of Hedges Applied		Expiration Range of Contracts
$	78,924	AUD	12	$	86,564	November 2021
	18,356	GBP	9		27,287	October 2020 – December 2023
	24,346	EUR	124		22,581	October 2020 – October 2021
	29,805	GBP	1		36,727	July 2023
	79,284	GBP	22		83,212	October 2020 – January 2022
	59,075	EUR	39		64,005	November 2020 – March 2023
	28,275	EUR	48		31,555	November 2020 – August 2022
	109,658	GBP	20		119,540	October 2020 – January 2024
	73,481	GBP	16		60,557	April 2021
	5,794	EUR	8		7,191	November 2020 – July 2022
	11,692	GBP	8		14,479	November 2020 – July 2022
	76	AUD	1		4,055	August 2021
	24,478	EUR	24		31,434	November 2020 – June 2023
	39,553	EUR	11		60,752	November 2020 – November 2022
	40,834	EUR	21		50,374	December 2020 – November 2025
	11,074	EUR	7		14,954	November 2020-November 2023
	46,268	GBP	17		61,098	November 2020-May 2024
	57,681	GBP	20		67,135	November 2020 – November 2021
	11,217	EUR	8		13,068	June 2022
	10,058	GBP	7		12,956	December 2020 – April 2022
$	759,929		423	$	869,524

Real Estate Risk

The market values of commercial and residential mortgage assets are subject to volatility and may be affected adversely by a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic discussed above, national, regional and local economic conditions (which may be adversely affected by industry slowdowns and other factors); local real estate conditions; changes or continued weakness in specific industry segments; construction quality, age and design; demographic factors; and retroactive changes to building or similar codes. In addition, decreases in property values reduce the value of the collateral and the potential proceeds available to a borrower to repay the underlying loans, which could also cause us to suffer losses.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures. We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

As of the end of the period covered by this report, we conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. No change in internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2020 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

Currently, no material legal proceedings are pending or, to our knowledge, threatened or contemplated against us, that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position or results of operations.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Except as set forth below, there have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in our Form 10-K.

Risks Related to Our Company

The global COVID-19 pandemic is having, and will likely continue to have, an adverse impact on our operations and financial performance, as well as on the operations and financial performance of many of the borrowers underlying our real estate-related assets and tenants of our owned properties. We are unable to predict the extent to which the pandemic and related impacts will continue to adversely impact our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, the market price of our common stock and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

Our operations and financial performance have been negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic that has caused, and is expected to continue to cause, the global slowdown of economic activity and significant volatility and disruption of financial markets. Because the severity, magnitude and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic and its economic consequences are uncertain, rapidly changing and difficult to predict, the pandemic’s impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, the market price of our common stock and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders, remains uncertain and difficult to predict. Further, the ultimate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, the market price of our common stock and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders depends on many factors that are not within our control, including, but not limited, to: governmental, business and individuals’ actions that have been and continue to be taken in response to the pandemic (including quarantine and “stay-at-home” orders, restrictions on travel and transport, school closures, limits on the operations of non-essential businesses and other workforce pressures); the impact of the pandemic, and actions taken in response thereto, on global and regional economies and economic activity, including concerns regarding additional surges of the pandemic or the expansion of the economic impact thereof as a result of certain jurisdictions “re-opening” or otherwise lifting certain restrictions prematurely; the availability of U.S. federal, state, local or non-U.S. funding programs aimed at supporting the economy during the COVID 19-pandemic, including uncertainties regarding the potential implementation of new or extended programs; general economic uncertainty in key global markets and financial market volatility; global economic conditions and levels of economic growth; and the pace of recovery when the COVID-19 pandemic subsides.

The COVID-19 pandemic and “stay-at-home” and other measures implemented to prevent its spread and any extended period of economic slowdown or recession could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, the market price of our common stock and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders, among other matters. We expect that these adverse effects are likely to continue as long as the outbreak persists and potentially even longer. Although it is difficult to predict the magnitude of the business and economic implications, the COVID-19 outbreak could affect us in various ways, including, among other factors:

●

the decline in the value of commercial and residential real estate, which negatively impacts the value of our investments, potentially materially.

●

the negative impact on the financial stability of borrowers underlying our real estate-related assets and infrastructure loans, which is expected to increase significantly the number of borrowers who become delinquent or default on their loans, or who seek to defer payment on, or refinance, their loans. Assets relating to certain property types are more likely to experience particular stress as a result of the impact of COVID-19, including in particular assets secured by hotel, multifamily and retail properties. The borrowers underlying these assets, and the tenants at such properties, are facing operational and financial hardships resulting from the

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spread of COVID-19 and related governmental measures. For example, certain of the hotel and retail properties securing our assets were or continue to be required to temporarily close or limit their operations significantly as a result of COVID-19 and related governmental measures, which has had a material adverse effect on the businesses of the applicable borrowers. If the disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic continue and the restrictions put in place are not lifted, the businesses of such borrowers, and the tenants at such properties, could continue to suffer materially or such borrowers and tenants could become insolvent.

We have been engaged in discussions with our borrowers, some of whom have indicated that, due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, they have been unable to timely execute their business plans, have had to temporarily close their businesses or have experienced other negative business consequences and have requested or indicated that they will be requesting interest or principal deferral or other modifications of their loans. We therefore anticipate more frequent modifications of our loans and potentially instances of default or foreclosure on assets underlying our loans.

To the extent that borrowers that have been negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic do not timely remit payments of principal and interest relating to their respective real estate-related assets, the value of such assets will likely be impaired, potentially materially. Failure to receive interest when due may adversely affect our liquidity and therefore our ability to fund our operations or address maturing liabilities on a timely basis.

●

we may receive margin calls from our lenders as a result of the decline in the market value of the loans or other assets pledged by us to our lenders under our repurchase agreements and warehouse credit facilities, and if we fail to resolve such margin calls when due by payment of cash or delivery of additional collateral, the lenders may exercise remedies including demanding payment by us of our aggregate outstanding financing obligations and/or taking ownership of the loans or other assets securing the applicable obligations. We may not have the funds available to repay such financing obligations, and we may be unable to raise the funds from alternative sources on favorable terms or at all. Forced sales of the loans or other assets that secure our financing obligations in order to pay outstanding financing obligations may be on terms less favorable to us than might otherwise be available in a regularly functioning market and could result in deficiency judgments and other claims against us.

●

the adverse effect on the financial stability of the tenants in the retail and multifamily properties that we own, which is expected to negatively impact the ability of such tenants to make their rental payments to us on a timely basis or at all. To the extent the number of tenants who are unable to make timely rental payments to us increases significantly, the value of these property investments will likely be impaired, potentially materially. In addition, as a result of the foregoing, these properties may not generate sufficient funds to pay principal and interest on the mortgage loans secured by such properties or may otherwise fail to satisfy financial covenants applicable under the terms of such loans. In this regard, we may enter into agreements with certain of our tenants to allow, among other items, for a deferral of some portion of the rent owed to us for an agreed-upon period of time. Failure to receive rent when due may adversely affect our liquidity and therefore our ability to fund our operations or address maturing liabilities on a timely basis.

●

if we fail to meet or satisfy any of the covenants in our repurchase agreements, warehouse credit facilities or other financing arrangements as a result of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, we would be in default under these agreements, which could result in a cross-default or cross-acceleration under other financing arrangements, and our lenders could elect to declare outstanding amounts due and payable (or such amounts may automatically become due and payable), terminate their commitments, require the posting of additional collateral and enforce their respective interests against existing collateral.

●

as a result of the decline in the market value of the loans in our collateralized loan obligation (the “CLO”), we may not meet certain interest coverage tests, overcollateralization coverage tests or other tests that could result in a change in the priority of distributions, which could result in the reduction or elimination of distributions to the subordinate debt and equity tranches we own until the tests have been met or certain senior classes of securities have been paid in full. Accordingly, we may experience a reduction in our cash flow from those interests which may adversely affect our liquidity and therefore our ability to fund our operations or address maturing liabilities on a timely basis.

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●

difficulty accessing debt and equity capital on attractive terms, or at all, and a severe disruption and instability in the global financial markets or deteriorations in credit and financing conditions, which may adversely affect our access to capital necessary to fund our operations or address maturing liabilities on a timely basis, as well as the ability of borrowers underlying our real estate-related assets and infrastructure loans, or of tenants of the properties we own, to meet their obligations to us.

The adverse impact of the COVID-19 pandemic could adversely affect our liquidity position and could limit our ability to grow our business and fully execute our business strategy. We expect to preserve and build our liquidity to best position the Company to weather near-term market uncertainty, satisfy our loan future funding and financing obligations and to potentially make opportunistic new investments, which will cause us to take some or all of the following actions: raise capital from offerings of securities, borrow additional capital, sell assets, pay our management and incentive fees in shares of our common stock (as was done for the quarter ended March 31, 2020) and/or change our dividend practice, including by reducing the amount of, or temporarily suspending, our future dividends or paying our future dividends in kind for some period of time.

●

uncertainties created by the COVID-19 pandemic may make it difficult to estimate provisions for loan losses.

●

a general decline in business activity and demand for mortgage financing, servicing and other real estate and real estate-related transactions, which could adversely affect our ability to source attractive investments or to redeploy the proceeds from repayments of our existing investments.

●

temporary, prolonged or permanent changes involving our investment activities; to the extent we elect or are required to limit or be more selective in making investments, we may strain our relationships or reputation with borrowers, business partners and counterparties, breach actual or perceived obligations to them, or be subject to litigation and claims from such borrowers, business partners and counterparties.

●

prolonged closures of, or other operational issues at, properties that secure our investments, or properties that we own.

●

the long-term impact on the market for office properties in the event a significant number of businesses determine to continue to utilize large-scale work-from-home policies as the COVID-19 pandemic continues and thereafter.

●

government-mandated moratoriums on the construction, development or redevelopment of properties underlying our construction or rehabilitation loans, or with respect to infrastructure projects, may prevent the completion, on a timely basis or at all, of such projects. The repayment of construction or rehabilitation loans often depends on the borrower’s ability to secure permanent “take-out” financing, which requires the successful completion of construction and stabilization of the project, or operation of the property with an income stream sufficient to meet operating expenses. Similarly, because the loan structure for project finance relies primarily on the underlying project’s cash flows for repayment, the ability of the project company to repay a project finance loan is dependent upon the successful development, construction and/or operation of such project rather than upon the existence of independent income or assets of the project company. Accordingly, if a project cannot be completed on a timely basis or at all as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and related governmental measures, the ability to repay the applicable loan will likely be impaired. In addition, certain of such projects may rely on tax credits which may be available only if construction is completed by certain deadlines, which may not be met because of such moratoriums.

To the extent the COVID-19 pandemic adversely affects our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, the market price of our common stock and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders, it may also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described in the Form 10-K under the heading “Risk Factors.”

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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

There were no unregistered sales of securities during the three months ended September 30, 2020.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

There were no purchases of common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2020.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

None.

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Item 6. Exhibits.

(a)

Index to Exhibits

INDEX TO EXHIBITS


Exhibit No.		Description

31.1		Certification pursuant to Section 302(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2		Certification pursuant to Section 302(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.1		Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.2		Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101.INS		XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

101.SCH		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


	STARWOOD PROPERTY TRUST, INC.

Date: November 5, 2020	By:	/s/ BARRY S. STERNLICHT
		Barry S. Sternlicht Chief Executive Officer Principal Executive Officer

Date: November 5, 2020	By:	/s/ RINA PANIRY
		Rina Paniry Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, Chief Accounting Officer and Principal Financial Officer

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Starwood Property Trust (STWD) 10-Q2020 Q3 Quarterly report

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