FILED PURSUANT TO RULE 424(B)(3)
REGISTRATION NO. 333-160463
RESOURCE REAL ESTATE OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
SUPPLEMENT NO. 5 DATED APRIL 4, 2013
TO THE PROSPECTUS DATED JULY 13, 2012
This document supplements, and should be read in conjunction with, the prospectus of Resource Real Estate Opportunity REIT, Inc. dated July 13, 2012, Supplement No. 1 dated July 13, 2012, Supplement No. 2 dated July 26, 2012, Supplement No. 3 dated August 14, 2012, and Supplement No. 4 dated November 16, 2012. As used herein, the terms “we,” “our” and “us” refer to Resource Real Estate Opportunity REIT, Inc. and, as required by context, Resource Real Estate Opportunity OP, LP, which we refer to as our “Operating Partnership” and to their subsidiaries. Capitalized terms used in this supplement have the same meanings as set forth in the prospectus. The purpose of this supplement is to disclose:
| • | the status of our public offering; |
| • | updates regarding risk factors; |
| • | “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” similar to that filed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012; |
| • | “Experts” information; and |
| • | our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto as of and for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011. |
Status of the Offering
We commenced this initial public offering of shares of our common stock on June 16, 2010. As of April 2, 2013, we had accepted aggregate gross offering proceeds of approximately $225.9 million related to the sale of approximately 25.7 million shares of stock, including shares sold under our distribution reinvestment plan. As of April 2, 2013, approximately 48.1 million shares of our common stock remain available for sale in our primary offering, and 7.2 million shares of our common stock remain available for issuance under our distribution reinvestment plan.
The termination date of our primary offering of 75 million shares of common stock will be June 16, 2013. If we have not sold all of the shares by June 16, 2013, we may continue the primary offering for up to an additional six months if we file a registration statement for a follow-on public offering. If we decide to continue our primary offering beyond June 16, 2013, we will provide that information in a prospectus supplement. We may continue to offer shares under our distribution reinvestment plan beyond the conclusion of the primary offering until we have sold 7.5 million shares of common stock through the reinvestment of distributions. We may terminate this offering at any time.
Prior to the commencement of this offering, we conducted a private placement offering to accredited investors of up to $50,000,000 in shares of common stock at $10.00 per share. The private placement offering terminated on June 9, 2010 and, as of that date, we had accepted aggregate gross offering proceeds of approximately $12.8 million related to the sale of 1,283,727 shares of common stock.
Risk Factors
The following risk factors supplement the risk factors included in this prospectus under the heading “Risk Factors – Risks Related to an Investment in Us.”
The SEC staff has informed us that historical pre-acquisition financial statements are required for the properties underlying certain significant non-performing loans we have acquired. To date we have not provided this information. Unless we are able to provide this information or the SEC Staff changes its position, the SEC Staff could take actions that could adversely affect us.
In connection with its review of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011, the SEC staff questioned whether historical pre-acquisition financial statements were required to be filed with respect to certain real estate properties underlying our non-performing loans. We had not provided this information based on our review of the available accounting literature, but the SEC staff has stated that such historical financial information is required for properties underlying the significant non-performing mortgage loans that we have acquired. Although the SEC staff has closed the
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comment letter, we could be subject to enforcement action by the SEC if the staff’s position remains unchanged and we are unable to present the required historical financial statements. Moreover, if historical financial statements are required for certain future loan acquisitions, it could limit our ability to acquire mortgage loans, any of which could adversely affect our performance.
Our investment strategy includes investing in non-performing loans and then pursuing various strategies to create value in such investments. As discussed in the risk factor above, to date we have not provided such historical pre-acquisition financial statements for the properties underlying certain non-performing loans we have acquired. As a result you will have less information with which to evaluate some of our investments.
We have acquired non-performing loans as part of our investment strategy. Our strategy for creating value in such loans includes negotiating with the borrower for a reduced payoff, restructuring the terms of the loan or enforcing our rights as lender under the loan and foreclosing on the property securing the loan. For some of our properties, we have not provided the historical pre-acquisition financial statements that the SEC staff has stated we are required to provide. As a result you will have less information with which to evaluate our real estate portfolio.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Overview
We are a Maryland corporation that intends to acquire a diversified portfolio of discounted U.S. commercial real estate and real estate-related debt that has been significantly discounted due to the effects of recent economic events and high levels of leverage on U.S. commercial real estate, including properties that may benefit from extensive renovations that may increase their long-term values. Following years of unprecedented appreciation in commercial real estate values fueled by readily available and inexpensive credit, the commercial real estate market began a significant decline in late 2007 as a result of the massive contraction in the credit and securitization markets. We believe that this decline has produced an attractive environment to acquire commercial real estate and real estate-related debt at significantly discounted prices. We have a particular focus on operating multifamily assets and we intend to target this asset class while also purchasing interests in other types of commercial property assets consistent with our investment objectives. Our targeted portfolio will consist of commercial real estate assets, principally (i) non-performing or distressed loans, including but not limited to first- and second-priority mortgage loans, mezzanine loans, B-Notes and other loans, (ii) real estate owned by financial institutions, (iii) multifamily rental properties to which we can add value with a capital infusion (referred to as “value add properties”), and (iv) discounted investment-grade commercial mortgage-backed securities. However, we are not limited in the types of real estate assets in which we may invest and, accordingly, we may invest in other real estate assets either directly or together with a co-investor or joint venture partner. We currently anticipate holding approximately 55% of our total assets in categories (i) and (ii), 30% of our total assets in category (iii), and 15% of our total assets in category (iv). Also, we may make adjustments to our target portfolio based on real estate market conditions and investment opportunities. We will not forego a good investment because it does not precisely fit our expected portfolio composition. Thus, to the extent that our advisor presents us with investment opportunities that allow us to meet the requirements to be treated as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, under the Internal Revenue Code, and to maintain our exclusion from regulation as an investment company pursuant to the Investment Company Act of 1940, our portfolio composition may vary from what we have initially disclosed.
We commenced this public offering of our common stock on June 16, 2010 after having completed a private offering of our common stock on June 9, 2010, both of which have provided our initial capitalization. We describe these offerings further in “Liquidity and Capital Resources” below.
Results of Operations
We were formed on June 3, 2009. We commenced active real estate operations on September 7, 2010 when we raised the minimum offering amount in this offering. As of December 31, 2012, we have acquired seven multifamily properties, eight non-performing promissory notes (six of which we have foreclosed on, and one of which negotiated a discounted payoff) and two performing promissory notes. Our management is not aware of any material trends or uncertainties, favorable, or unfavorable, other than national economic conditions affecting our targeted portfolio, the multifamily residential housing industry and real estate generally, which may reasonably be expected to have a material impact on either capital resources or the revenues or incomes to be derived from the operation of such assets or those that we expect to acquire.
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Year Ended December 31, 2012 Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2011
The following table sets forth the results of our operations (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | |
| | Years Ended December 31, | |
| | 2012 | | | 2011 | |
Revenues: | | | | | | | | |
Rental income | | $ | 17,188 | | | $ | 3,976 | |
Gain on foreclosures | | | 4,138 | | | | — | |
Gain on payoff of loan held for investment | | | — | | | | 250 | |
Interest income | | | 197 | | | | 161 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total revenues | | | 21,523 | | | | 4,387 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Expenses: | | | | | | | | |
Rental operating | | | 12,583 | | | | 4,251 | |
Acquisition costs | | | 3,703 | | | | 1,881 | |
Foreclosure costs | | | 195 | | | | 400 | |
Management fees — related parties | | | 1,988 | | | | 674 | |
General and administrative | | | 3,364 | | | | 2,736 | |
Loss on property impairment | | | 400 | | | | — | |
Loss on disposal of assets | | | 246 | | | | — | |
Depreciation and amortization expense | | | 9,029 | | | | 1,564 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total expenses | | | 31,508 | | | | 11,506 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Loss before other expenses | | | (9,985 | ) | | | (7,119 | ) |
| | |
Other (expense) income: | | | | | | | | |
Interest expense | | | (546 | ) | | | (10 | ) |
Insurance proceeds in excess of cost basis | | | 188 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | $ | (10,343 | ) | | $ | (7,129 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Revenues: During the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, we recorded income primarily from rents from our multifamily and student housing properties and, to a lesser extent, from interest from both performing promissory notes and interest-bearing bank accounts in which we deposited the proceeds from our offerings. The increase in rental income is due to the increased number of operating properties we owned from four to 13 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2011. During the year ended December 31, 2012, we also recorded total gains $4.1 million attributed to the foreclosure of four non-performing mortgages. During the year ended December 31, 2011, we recorded a gain of $250,000 from the payoff of a non-performing loan by the borrower.
Expenses. Our rental operating expenses increased for the year ended December 31, 2012 primarily due to an increase in the number of operating properties we owned. Accordingly, we incurred increased management fees, general and administrative expenses, and depreciation and amortization expenses. The $670,000 increase in general and administrative expenses consisted of a decrease in our company level expenses of $400,000, which was more than offset by an increase in property level general and administrative expenses of $1.9 million. The decrease in company level expenses consisted primarily of a $200,000 decrease in payroll expense allocated to us by our advisor, a decrease in professional fees of $100,000 and a decrease in travel costs of $100,000. General and administrative expenses increased at the property level from $800,000 in 2011 to $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2012 due to the operation of nine additional properties we acquired directly or through foreclosure subsequent to December 31, 2011. General and administrative expenses for these nine new properties was $1.9 million for 2012. Acquisition costs for the year ended December 31, 2012, related to the acquisition of six properties and one loan for a total of $3.7 million as compared to the acquisition of four loans (all subsequently foreclosed on) and a $3.0 million loan portfolio for the year ended December 31, 2011. The $536,000 increase in interest expense is due to the draw downs on our line of credit and our entry into a mortgage loan in 2012. The asset carrying value for one property was determined to exceed its estimated fair value and, therefore, we recorded a $400,000 loss on impairment during 2012.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
We derive the capital required to purchase real estate investments and conduct our operations from the proceeds of our private and public offerings, any future offerings we may conduct, and from secured or unsecured financings from banks.
We intend to allocate a portion of the funds we raise, as necessary, to preserve capital for our investors by supporting the maintenance and viability of the properties we have acquired and those properties that we may acquire in the future. If these allocated amounts and any other available income become insufficient to cover our operating expenses and liabilities, it may be necessary to obtain additional funds by borrowing, refinancing properties or liquidating our investment in one or more properties, debt investments or other assets we may hold. We cannot assure you that we will be able to access additional funds upon acceptable terms when we need them.
Capital Expenditures. We deployed a total of $16.0 million in capital during the year ended December 31, 2012 for capital expenditures as follows: (a) $8.0 million at the Redford to complete apartment rehabs, enhance landscaping, repair pavements and foundations, install upgraded HVAC systems, install new security gates, and a new security system, and convert pools to salt water; $1.5 million is budgeted to complete the renovations; (b) $4.0 million at the Williamsburg Apartments for new carports, playgrounds, unit rehabs, renovated garages, roof repairs and pool conversions; $1.5 million is still budgeted to complete the renovations; (c) $2.0 million at The Vista Apartment Homes for deferred maintenance, rehab of units, renovations to the exterior of the buildings and to update the common areas; $1.5 million is still budgeted to be deployed at the Vista Apartment Homes to complete this project; and (d) the majority of the remaining amounts deployed for capital expenditures relate to turnover at our existing older properties, specifically Aracadia, Town Park, and Heatherwood. An additional $8.0 million in capital expenditures is budgeted to be deployed at the four properties we acquired in December over the next two years.
Ongoing Public Offering. Pursuant to this offering, we are offering up to 75.0 million shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, at $10.00 per share. We are also offering up to 7.5 million shares of common stock to be issued pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan under which our stockholders may elect to have distributions reinvested in additional shares at $9.50 per share. As of December 31, 2012, a net total of 20,882,562 shares of common stock had been issued in connection with this offering, plus 110,740 shares issued pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan, resulting in total gross proceeds of approximately $208.9 million. We have certain fixed operating expenses, including certain expenses as a publicly offered REIT, regardless of whether we are able to raise substantial funds in this offering. If we are unable to raise substantial funds, this could increase our fixed operating expenses as a percentage of gross income, potentially reducing our net income and limiting our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
On March 22, 2013, our Board of Directors approved the filing of a registration statement to register a follow-on offering. Accordingly, this offering, which is set to terminate June 16, 2013 may be extended for up to 180 days if we file the registration statement before June 16, 2013. However, we can make no assurances that we will file such a registration statement.
Revolving Credit Facility. On December 2, 2011, through our operating partnership, we entered into a secured revolving credit facility, or the Credit Facility, with Bank of America, N.A., or Bank of America,. Under the Credit Facility, we may borrow up to $25.0 million, or the Facility Amount. The interest rate on borrowings is London InterBank Offered Rate, or LIBOR, (0.208% at December 31, 2012) plus 3.0%. Draws under the Credit Facility are secured by certain multifamily properties directly owned by our subsidiaries. The proceeds of the Credit Facility may be used for working capital, property improvements and other general corporate purposes. We incurred certain closing costs in connection with the Credit Facility, including a loan fee equal to 0.375% of the Facility Amount. As of December 31, 2012, we had outstanding borrowings of $760,000 under the Credit Facility.
We are required to make monthly interest-only payments on outstanding borrowings. We also may prepay the Credit Facility in whole or in part at any time without premium or penalty. The Credit Facility matures on December 2, 2014, which date may be extended to December 2, 2015 subject to satisfaction of certain conditions and payment of an extension fee equal to 0.25% of the amount committed.
Our operating partnership’s obligations with respect to the Credit Facility are guaranteed by us, pursuant to the terms of a guaranty dated as of December 2, 2011, or the Guaranty. The Credit Facility and the Guaranty contain restrictive covenants for maintaining a certain tangible net worth and a certain level of liquid assets, and for restricting the securing of additional debt as follows:
| • | we must maintain a minimum tangible net worth equal to at least (i) 200% of the outstanding principal amount of the Credit Facility and (ii) $20.0 million; |
| • | we must also maintain unencumbered liquid assets with a market value of not less than the greater of (i) $5.0 million or (ii) 20% of the outstanding principal amount of the Credit Facility; and |
| • | we may not incur any additional secured or unsecured debt without Bank of America’s prior written consent and approval, which consent and approval is not to be unreasonably withheld. |
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We are currently in compliance with all such covenants. Although we expect to remain in compliance with these covenants for the duration of the term of the Credit Facility, depending upon our future operating performance, capital raising success, property and financing transactions and general economic conditions, we cannot assure you that we will continue to be in compliance.
Mortgage Debt. On April 3, 2012, we entered into a mortgage loan, or the Iroquois Mortgage Loan, with Berkadia Commercial Mortgage, LLC for $9.2 million. The Iroquois Mortgage Loan matures on May 1, 2017 and bears interest at one-month LIBOR plus 2.61%.
The Iroquois Mortgage Loan requires monthly payments of principal and interest. The amount outstanding may be prepaid in full after the first year of its term with payment of a prepayment premium in the amount of 1% of the principal being repaid, and with no prepayment premium during the last three months of its term. The Iroquois Mortgage Loan is secured by a first mortgage line on the assets of the Vista Apartment Homes (formerly Iroquois Apartments), including the land, fixtures, improvements, leases, rents and reserves.
The Iroquois Mortgage Loan contains customary affirmative, negative and financial covenants, representations, warranties and borrowing conditions, all as set forth in the Iroquois Mortgage Loan. We are currently in compliance with all such covenants.
Once we have fully invested the proceeds of this offering, based on current lending market conditions, we expect that the debt financing we incur, on a total portfolio basis, will not exceed 35% of the cost of our real estate investments if unstabilized and 65% to 70% if stabilized (before deducting depreciation or other non-cash reserves) plus the value of our other assets. We may also increase the amount of debt financing we use with respect to an investment over the amount originally incurred if the value of the investment increases subsequent to our acquisition and if credit market conditions permit us to do so. Our charter limits us from incurring debt such that our total liabilities may not exceed 75% of the cost (before deducting depreciation or other non-cash reserves) of our tangible assets, although we may exceed this limit under certain circumstances. We expect that our primary liquidity source for acquisitions and long-term funding will include the net proceeds from our offerings and, to the extent we co-invest with other entities, capital from any future joint venture partners. We may also pursue a number of potential other funding sources, including mortgage loans, portfolio level credit lines and government financing.
Operating Properties. As of December 31, 2012, we owned a multifamily property located in Omaha, Nebraska, four multifamily properties located in Houston, Texas (Arcadia at Westheimer, The Redford, Skyview at Palm Center and Flagstone Gardens), a multifamily property located in Birmingham, Alabama (Town Park), a multifamily property located in Dayton, Ohio (Cannery Lofts), a multifamily property located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Vista Apartment Homes), a multifamily property located in Inkster, Michigan (Heatherwood Apartments), a student housing property located in Tampa, Florida (Campus Club), a multifamily property located in Cincinnati, Ohio (Williamsburg Apartments), a multifamily property located in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (Foxwood Apartments), and a nonperforming note secured by a multifamily property located in Duluth, Minnesota. We have also acquired a portfolio of small bank loans of which we still own two remaining performing notes that are secured by multifamily properties located in Michigan and Indiana.
Organization and Offering Costs.Our advisor has advanced funds to us for certain organization and offering costs. We reimburse the advisor for all of the expenses paid or incurred by our advisor or its affiliates on behalf of us or in connection with the services provided to us in relation to this offering. This includes all organization and offering costs of up to 2.5% of gross offering proceeds, but only to the extent that such reimbursement will not cause organization and offering expenses (other than selling commissions and the dealer manager fee) to exceed 2.5% of gross offering proceeds as of the date of such reimbursement. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, a total of $0 and $1.9 million, respectively, of these advances from our advisor for organization and offering costs were unpaid and due to our advisor. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, we directly paid for organization and offering costs totaling $3.7 million and $2.4 million, respectively.
In addition to making investments in accordance with our investment objectives, we expect to use our capital resources to make payments to our advisor and the dealer manager of our public offering, which is an affiliate of our advisor. During our offering stage, these payments include selling commissions and the dealer manager fee as well as payments to the dealer manager and our advisor for reimbursement of organization and offering expenses. However, our advisor has agreed to reimburse us to the extent that selling commissions, the dealer manager fee and other organization and offering expenses incurred by us exceed 15% of our gross offering proceeds. During our acquisition and development stage, we expect to make payments to our advisor in connection with the acquisition of real estate investments. In addition, we expect to continue to make payments to our advisor for the management of our assets and costs incurred by our advisor in providing services to us. We describe these payments in more detail in Note 11 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements.
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Under our charter, we are required to limit our total operating expenses to the greater of 2% of our average invested assets or 25% of our net income for the four most recently completed fiscal quarters, as these terms are defined in our charter, unless the conflicts committee of our board of directors has determined that such excess expenses were justified based on unusual and non-recurring factors. Operating expense reimbursements for the four fiscal quarters ended December 31, 2012 exceeded the charter imposed limitation; however, the conflicts committee of our board of directors determined that the relationship of our operating expenses to our average invested assets was justified for these periods given the costs of operating a public company during the early stage of our operations.
Distributions
Our Board of Directors declared two cash dividends of $0.15 and $0.075 per share of common stock to stockholders of record as of the close of business on May 15, 2012 and December 31, 2012, respectively.
Because we intend to fund cash distributions from cash flow and strategic financings, at this time we cannot guaranty that our board of directors will declare distributions on a set monthly or quarterly basis. Rather, the board of directors will declare distributions from time to time based on cash flow from our investments and our investment and financing activities. As such, we can also give no assurances as to the timing, amount or notice with respect to any other future distribution declarations.
Our Board of Directors also declared seven stock distributions (four in 2011 and three in 2012), each for 0.015 shares, or 1.5%, for each outstanding share of common stock. In addition, our Board declared one stock distribution of 0.0075 shares, or 0.75%, for each outstanding share of common stock on December 31, 2012 that was distributed on January 15, 2013.
For the year ended December 31, 2012, we paid aggregate cash distributions of $1.9 million, including $841,000 of distributions paid in cash and $1.1 million of distributions reinvested through our distribution reinvestment plan. Our net loss for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $10.3 million and net cash used in operating activities was $3.5 million. Our cumulative cash distributions and net loss from inception through December 31, 2012 were $1.9 million and $19.7 million, respectively. We have funded our cumulative distributions, which includes net cash distributions and distributions reinvested by stockholders, with proceeds from debt financing. To the extent that we pay distributions from sources other than our cash flow from operating activities or gains from asset sales, we will have fewer funds available for investment in commercial real estate and real estate-related debt, the overall return to our stockholders may be reduced and subsequent investors may experience dilution.
Funds from Operations and Modified Funds from Operations
Funds from operations, or FFO is a non-GAAP financial performance measure that is widely recognized as a measure of REIT operating performance. We use FFO as defined by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts to be net income (loss), computed in accordance with GAAP excluding extraordinary items, as defined by GAAP, and gains (or losses) from sales of property (including deemed sales and settlements of pre-existing relationships), plus depreciation and amortization on real estate assets, and after related adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships, joint ventures and subsidiaries and noncontrolling interests. We believe that FFO is helpful to our investors and our management as a measure of operating performance because it excludes real estate-related depreciation and amortization, gains and losses from property dispositions, and extraordinary items, and as a result, when compared year to year, reflects the impact on operations from trends in occupancy rates, rental rates, operating costs, development activities, general and administrative expenses, and interest costs, which are not immediately apparent from net income. Historical cost accounting for real estate assets in accordance with GAAP implicitly assumes that the value of real estate and intangibles diminishes predictably over time. Since real estate values have historically risen or fallen with market conditions, many industry investors and analysts have considered the presentation of operating results for real estate companies that use historical cost accounting alone to be insufficient. As a result, our management believes that the use of FFO, together with the required GAAP presentations, is helpful for our investors in understanding our performance. Factors that impact FFO include start-up costs, fixed costs, delay in buying assets, lower yields on cash held in accounts, income from portfolio properties and other portfolio assets, interest rates on acquisition financing and operating expenses. In addition, FFO will be affected by the types of investments in our targeted portfolio which will consist of, but are not limited to, commercial real estate assets, principally (i) non-performing or distressed loans, including but not limited to first- and second-priority mortgage loans, mezzanine loans, B-Notes and other loans, (ii) real estate that was foreclosed upon and sold by financial institutions, (iii) multifamily rental properties to which we can add value with a capital infusion (referred to as “value add properties”), and (iv) discounted investment-grade commercial mortgage-backed securities.
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Since FFO was promulgated, GAAP has adopted several new accounting pronouncements, such that management and many investors and analysts have considered the presentation of FFO alone to be insufficient. Accordingly, in addition to FFO, we use modified funds from operations or MFFO, as defined by the Investment Program Association, or IPA. MFFO excludes from FFO the following items:
| (1) | acquisition fees and expenses; |
| (2) | straight-line rent amounts, both income and expense; |
| (3) | amortization of above- or below-market intangible lease assets and liabilities; |
| (4) | amortization of discounts and premiums on debt investments; |
| (6) | gains or losses from the early extinguishment of debt; |
| (7) | gains or losses on the extinguishment or sales of hedges, foreign exchange, securities and other derivatives holdings except where the trading of such instruments is a fundamental attribute of our operations; |
| (8) | gains or losses related to fair-value adjustments for derivatives not qualifying for hedge accounting, including interest rate and foreign exchange derivatives; |
| (9) | gains or losses related to consolidation from, or deconsolidation to, equity accounting; |
| (10) | gains or losses related to contingent purchase price adjustments; and |
| (11) | adjustments related to the above items for unconsolidated entities in the application of equity accounting. |
We believe that MFFO is helpful in assisting management assess the sustainability of operating performance in future periods and, in particular, after our offering and acquisition stages are complete, primarily because it excludes acquisition expenses that affect property operations only in the period in which the property is acquired. Although MFFO includes other adjustments, the exclusion of acquisition expenses is the most significant adjustment to us at the present time, as we are currently in our offering and acquisition stages. Thus, MFFO provides helpful information relevant to evaluating our operating performance in periods in which there is no acquisition activity.
As explained below, management’s evaluation of our operating performance excludes the items considered in the calculation based on the following economic considerations. Many of the adjustments in arriving at MFFO are not applicable to us. Nevertheless, we explain below the reasons for each of the adjustments made in arriving at our MFFO definition:
| • | | Acquisition expenses. In evaluating investments in real estate, including both business combinations and investments accounted for under the equity method of accounting, management’s investment models and analysis differentiate costs to acquire the investment from the operations derived from the investment. Prior to 2009, acquisition costs for both of these types of investments were capitalized under GAAP; however, beginning in 2009, acquisition costs related to business combinations are expensed. Both of these acquisition costs have been and will continue to be funded from the proceeds of our offering and not from operations. We believe by excluding expensed acquisition costs, MFFO provides useful supplemental information that is comparable for each type of real estate investment and is consistent with management’s analysis of the investing and operating performance of our properties. Acquisition expenses include those paid to our advisor or third parties. |
| • | | Adjustments for straight-line rents and amortization of discounts and premiums on debt investments. In the proper application of GAAP, rental receipts and discounts and premiums on debt investments are allocated to periods using various systematic methodologies. This application will result in income recognition that could be significantly different than underlying contract terms. By adjusting for these items, MFFO provides useful supplemental information on the realized economic impact of lease terms and debt investments and aligns results with management’s analysis of operating performance. |
| • | | Adjustments for amortization of above or below market intangible lease assets. Similar to depreciation and amortization of other real estate related assets that are excluded from FFO, GAAP implicitly assumes that the value of intangibles diminishes predictably over time and that these charges be recognized currently in revenue. Since real estate values and market lease rates in the aggregate have historically risen or fallen with market conditions, management believes that by excluding these charges, MFFO provides useful supplemental information on the performance of the real estate. |
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| • | | Impairment charges, gains or losses related to fair-value adjustments for derivatives not qualifying for hedge accounting and gains or losses related to contingent purchase price adjustments. Each of these items relates to a fair value adjustment, which is based on the impact of current market fluctuations and underlying assessments of general market conditions and specific performance of the holding which may not be directly attributable to current operating performance. As these gains or losses relate to underlying long-term assets and liabilities, management believes MFFO provides useful supplemental information by focusing on the changes in our core operating fundamentals rather than changes that may reflect anticipated gains or losses. In particular, because GAAP impairment charges are not allowed to be reversed if the underlying fair values improve or because the timing of impairment charges may lag the onset of certain operating consequences, we believe MFFO provides useful supplemental information related to current consequences, benefits and sustainability related to rental rate, occupancy and other core operating fundamentals. |
| • | | Adjustment for gains or losses related to early extinguishment of hedges, debt, consolidation or deconsolidation and contingent purchase price. Similar to extraordinary items excluded from FFO, these adjustments are not related to continuing operations. By excluding these items, management believes that MFFO provides supplemental information related to sustainable operations that will be more comparable between other reporting periods and to other real estate operators. |
By providing MFFO, we believe we are presenting useful information that also assists investors and analysts in the assessment of the sustainability of our operating performance after our offering and acquisition stages are completed. We also believe that MFFO is a recognized measure of sustainable operating performance by the real estate industry. MFFO is useful in comparing the sustainability of our operating performance after our offering and acquisition stages are completed with the sustainability of the operating performance of other real estate companies that are not as involved in acquisition activities or as affected by other MFFO adjustments. However, investors are cautioned that MFFO should only be used to assess the sustainability of our operating performance after our offering and acquisition stages are completed, as it excludes acquisition costs that have a negative effect on our operating performance and the reported book value of our common stock and stockholders’ equity during the periods in which properties are acquired.
FFO or MFFO should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss), nor as an indication of our liquidity, nor is either indicative of funds available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to fund distributions. In particular, as we are currently in the acquisition phase of our life cycle, acquisition costs and other adjustments that are increases to MFFO are, and may continue to be, a significant use of cash. Accordingly, both FFO and MFFO should be reviewed in connection with other GAAP measurements. Our FFO and MFFO as presented may not be comparable to amounts calculated by other REITs.
The following section presents our calculation of FFO and MFFO and provides additional information related to our operations (in thousands, except per share amounts). As a result of the timing of the commencement of this offering and our active real estate operations, FFO and MFFO are not relevant to a discussion comparing operations for the two periods presented. We expect revenues and expenses to increase in future periods as we raise additional offering proceeds and use them to acquire additional investments.
| | | | | | | | |
| | Years Ended | |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2012 | | | 2011 | |
Net loss — GAAP | | $ | (10,343 | ) | | $ | (7,129 | ) |
Depreciation expense | | | 4,838 | | | | 890 | |
| | | | | | | | |
FFO | | | (5,505 | ) | | | (6,239 | ) |
Adjustments for straight-line rents | | | (6 | ) | | | (103 | ) |
Amortization of intangible lease assets | | | 4,191 | | | | 674 | |
Impairment charge | | | 400 | | | | — | |
Gain relating to fair value adjustments on properties | | | (2,947 | ) | | | — | |
Acquisition costs | | | 3,703 | | | | 1,881 | |
| | | | | | | | |
MFFO | | $ | (164 | ) | | $ | (3,787 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Basic and diluted loss per common share — GAAP | | $ | (0.69 | ) | | $ | (1.26 | ) |
FFO per share | | $ | (0.37 | ) | | $ | (1.10 | ) |
MFFO per share | | $ | (0.01 | ) | | $ | (0.67 | ) |
8
Critical Accounting Policies
We consider these policies critical because they involve significant management judgments and assumptions, they require estimates about matters that are inherently uncertain, and they are important for understanding and evaluating our reported financial results. These judgments affect the reported amounts of our assets and liabilities and our disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities on the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. With different estimates or assumptions, materially different amounts could be reported in our financial statements. Additionally, other companies may utilize different estimates that may impact the comparability of our results of operations to those of companies in similar businesses.
Real Estate Assets
Depreciation. We make subjective assessments as to the useful lives of our depreciable assets. These assessments have a direct impact on our net income, because, if we were to shorten the expected useful lives of our investments in real estate, we would depreciate these investments over fewer years, resulting in more depreciation expense and lower net income on an annual basis throughout the expected useful lives of these investments. We consider the period of future benefit of an asset to determine its appropriate useful life. The estimated useful lives of our assets by class are as follows:
| | | | |
| | Buildings | | 27.5 years |
| | |
| | Building improvements | | 3-27.5 years |
| | |
| | Tenant improvements | | Shorter of lease term or expected useful life |
Real Estate Purchase Price Allocation. We record above-market and below-market in-place lease values for acquired properties based on the present value (using an interest rate that reflects the risks associated with the leases acquired) of the difference between (i) the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to the in-place leases and (ii) management’s estimate of fair market lease rates for the corresponding in-place leases, measured over a period equal to the remaining non-cancelable term of the lease. We amortize any capitalized above-market or below-market lease values as an increase or reduction to rental income over the remaining non-cancelable terms of the respective leases, which we expect will range from one month to ten years.
We measure the aggregate value of other intangible assets acquired based on the difference between (i) the property valued with existing in-place leases adjusted to market rental rates and (ii) the property valued as if vacant. Management’s estimates of value are expected to be made using methods similar to those used by independent appraisers (e.g., discounted cash flow analysis). Factors to be considered by management in its analysis include an estimate of carrying costs during hypothetical expected lease-up periods considering current market conditions and costs to execute similar leases.
We consider information obtained about each property as a result of our preacquisition due diligence, marketing and leasing activities in estimating the fair value of the tangible and intangible assets acquired. In estimating carrying costs, management also includes real estate taxes, insurance and other operating expenses and estimates of lost rentals at market rates during the expected lease-up periods. Management estimates costs to execute similar leases including leasing commissions and legal and other related expenses to the extent that such costs have not already been incurred in connection with a new lease origination as part of the transaction.
The total amount of other intangible assets acquired will be further allocated to in-place lease values and customer relationship intangible values based on management’s evaluation of the specific characteristics of each tenant’s lease and our overall relationship with that respective tenant. Characteristics to be considered by management in allocating these values include the nature and extent of our existing business relationships with a tenant, growth prospects for developing new business with the tenant, the tenant’s credit quality and expectations of lease renewals (including those existing under the terms of the lease agreement), among other factors.
We amortize the value of in-place leases to expense over the initial term of the respective leases. The value of customer relationship intangibles will be amortized to expense over the initial term and, but in no event will the amortization periods for the intangible assets exceed the remaining depreciable life of the building. Should a tenant terminate its lease, the unamortized portion of the in-place lease value and customer relationship intangibles would be charged to expense in that period.
9
Estimates of the fair values of the tangible and intangible assets will require us to estimate market lease rates, property operating expenses, carrying costs during lease-up periods, discount rates, market absorption periods, and the number of years the property will be held for investment. The use of inappropriate estimates would result in an incorrect assessment of our purchase price allocation, which would impact the amount of our net income.
Valuation of Real Estate Assets
We continually monitor events and changes in circumstances that could indicate that the carrying amounts of our real estate and related intangible assets may not be recoverable. When indicators of potential impairment suggest that the carrying value of real estate and related intangible assets may not be recoverable, we will assess the recoverability of the assets by estimating whether we will recover the carrying value of the asset through its undiscounted future cash flows and its eventual disposition. If based on this analysis we do not believe that we will be able to recover the carrying value of the asset, we will record an impairment loss to the extent that the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value of the asset.
Projections of future cash flows require us to estimate the expected future operating income and expenses related to an asset as well as market and other trends. The use of inappropriate assumptions in our future cash flows analysis would result in an incorrect assessment of our assets’ future cash flows and fair values and could result in the overstatement of the carrying values of our real estate assets and an overstatement of our net income.
Loans Held for Investment, Net
Real estate loans held for investment are recorded at cost and reviewed for potential impairment at each balance sheet date. A loan held for investment is considered impaired when it becomes probable, based on current information, that we will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the loan’s contractual terms. The amount of impairment, if any, is measured by comparing the recorded amount of the loan to the present value of the expected cash flows or the fair value of the collateral. If a loan was deemed to be impaired, we would record a reserve for loan losses through a charge to income for any shortfall. Failure to recognize impairment would result in the overstatement of the carrying values of our real estate loans receivable and an overstatement of our net income.
Revenue Recognition
We recognize minimum rent, including rental abatements and contractual fixed increases attributable to operating leases, on a straight-line basis over the term of the related lease and we will include amounts expected to be received in later years in deferred rents. We record property operating expense reimbursements due from tenants for common area maintenance, real estate taxes and other recoverable costs in the period in which the related expenses are incurred.
We make estimates of the collectability of our tenant receivables in relation to base rents, including straight-line rentals, expense reimbursements and other revenue or income. We specifically analyze accounts receivable and historical bad debts, customer creditworthiness, current economic trends and changes in customer payment terms when evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts. In addition, with respect to tenants in bankruptcy, we will make estimates of the expected recovery of pre-petition and post-petition claims in assessing the estimated collectability of the related receivable. In some cases, the ultimate resolution of these claims can exceed one year. These estimates have a direct impact on our net income because a higher bad debt reserve results in less net income.
The specific timing of a sale will be measured against various criteria related to the terms of the transaction and any continuing involvement associated with the property. If the criteria for profit recognition under the full-accrual method are not met, we will defer gain recognition and account for the continued operations of the property by applying the percentage-of-completion, reduced profit, deposit, installment or cost recovery methods, as appropriate, until the appropriate criteria are met.
Interest income from performing loans receivable are recognized based on the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Fees related to any buy-down of the interest rate will be deferred as prepaid interest income and amortized over the term of the loan as an adjustment to interest income. Closing costs related to the purchase of a performing loan held for investment will be amortized using effective yield method over the term of the loan and accreted as an adjustment against interest income.
Adoption of New Accounting Standard
Fair Value Measurements. In May 2011, Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued an amendment to revise the wording used to describe the requirements for measuring fair value and for disclosing information about fair value measurements. For many of the requirements, FASB does not intend for the amendments to result in a change in the application of the current requirements. Some of the amendments clarify FASB’s intent about the application of existing fair value measurement requirements, such as specifying that the concepts of highest and best use and valuation premise in a fair value measurement are
10
relevant only when measuring the fair value of nonfinancial assets. Other amendments change a particular principle or requirement for measuring fair value or for disclosing information about fair value measurements such as specifying that, in the absence of a Level 1 input, a reporting entity should apply premiums or discounts when market participants would do so when pricing the asset or liability. This guidance became effective for us beginning January 1, 2012.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements or obligations.
Subsequent Events
From January 1 to March 27, 2013, we raised approximately $51.7 million in offering proceeds through the issuance of approximately 5.2 million shares of common stock under this offering. As of March 27, 2013, approximately 48.7 million shares remained available for sale to the public under this offering, exclusive of shares available under our distribution reinvestment plan.
On January 22, 2013, the borrower’s redemption period relating to the Deerfield Note terminated and we took possession of the property securing the Deerfield Note.
On March 28, 2013, we purchased the Armand Place Apartments, a 244 unit, multifamily residential apartment community located in Houston, Texas, for $11.8 million.
On March 13, 2013, we purchased the Kenwick Place and Canterbury Apartments, a 244 unit, multifamily residential apartment community located in Lexington, Kentucky, for $6.9 million.
On March 7, 2013, we entered into an agreement to sell Town Park Apartments for $10.25 million. We can make no assurances that we will ultimately sell this property.
We have evaluated subsequent events and determined that no events have occurred, other than those disclosed above, which would require an adjustment to the consolidated financial statements.
Experts
The following information supplements the disclosure in the prospectus under the heading “Experts.”
The consolidated financial statements and related financial statement schedules as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 and for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, included in this registration statement and prospectus have been so included in reliance upon the report of Grant Thornton LLP, independent registered public accountants, upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing in giving said report.
11
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
F-1
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders
Resource Real Estate Opportunity REIT, Inc.:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Resource Real Estate Opportunity REIT, Inc. (a Maryland corporation) and subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2012. Our audits of the basic consolidated financial statements included the financial statement schedules listed in the index appearing under Item 15(b). These financial statements and financial statement schedules are the responsibility of the Company’s management.Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and financial statement schedules based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform an audit of its internal control over financial reporting.Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.Accordingly, we express no such opinion.An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Resource Real Estate Opportunity REIT, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2012 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the related financial statement schedules, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, present fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.
|
/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP |
|
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
|
April 1, 2013 |
F-2
RESOURCE REAL ESTATE OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands)
| | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2012 | | | 2011 | |
ASSETS | | | | | | | | |
Investments: | | | | | | | | |
Rental properties, net | | $ | 129,502 | | | $ | 28,549 | |
Loans held for investment, net | | | 11,109 | | | | 17,997 | |
Identified intangible assets, net | | | 1,641 | | | | 276 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | 142,252 | | | | 46,822 | |
| | |
Cash | | | 29,858 | | | | 15,202 | |
Restricted cash | | | 158 | | | | — | |
Stock subscriptions receivable | | | 3,038 | | | | 1,686 | |
Tenant receivables, net | | | 216 | | | | 60 | |
Deposits | | | 413 | | | | 64 | |
Prepaid expenses and other assets | | | 1,026 | | | | 407 | |
Deferred financing costs, net | | | 561 | | | | 222 | |
Deferred offering costs | | | 3,015 | | | | 4,243 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total assets | | $ | 180,537 | | | $ | 68,706 | |
| | | | | | | | |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | | | | | | | | |
Liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
Mortgage note payable | | $ | 9,043 | | | $ | — | |
Distribution payable | | | 1,671 | | | | — | |
Due to related parties, net | | | 696 | | | | 3,928 | |
Revolving credit facility | | | 760 | | | | — | |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | | | 3,863 | | | | 1,445 | |
Tenant prepayments | | | 321 | | | | 94 | |
Security deposits | | | 865 | | | | 322 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities | | | 17,219 | | | | 5,789 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Stockholders’ equity: | | | | | | | | |
Preferred stock (par value $.01; 10,000,000 shares authorized, none issued) | | | — | | | | — | |
Common stock (par value $.01; 1,000,000,000 shares authorized; 22,291,810 and 8,458,669 shares issued, respectively; and 22,277,030 and 8,454,169 shares outstanding, respectively) | | | 223 | | | | 84 | |
Convertible stock (“promote shares”; par value $.01; 50,000 shares authorized, issued and outstanding) | | | 1 | | | | 1 | |
Additional paid-in capital | | | 196,089 | | | | 74,258 | |
Accumulated deficit | | | (32,995 | ) | | | (11,426 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Total stockholders’ equity | | | 163,318 | | | | 62,917 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | | $ | 180,537 | | | $ | 68,706 | |
| | | | | | | | |
F-3
RESOURCE REAL ESTATE OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(in thousands, except per share data)
| | | | | | | | |
| | Years Ended December 31, | |
| | 2012 | | | 2011 | |
Revenues: | | | | | | | | |
Rental income | | $ | 17,188 | | | $ | 3,976 | |
Gain on foreclosures | | | 4,138 | | | | — | |
Gain on payoff of loan held for investment | | | — | | | | 250 | |
Interest income | | | 197 | | | | 161 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total revenues | | | 21,523 | | | | 4,387 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Expenses: | | | | | | | | |
Rental operating | | | 12,583 | | | | 4,251 | |
Acquisition costs | | | 3,703 | | | | 1,881 | |
Foreclosure costs | | | 195 | | | | 400 | |
Management fees — related parties | | | 1,988 | | | | 674 | |
General and administrative | | | 3,364 | | | | 2,736 | |
Loss on property impairment | | | 400 | | | | — | |
Loss on disposal of assets | | | 246 | | | | — | |
Depreciation and amortization expense | | | 9,029 | | | | 1,564 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total expenses | | | 31,508 | | | | 11,506 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Loss before other expenses | | | (9,985 | ) | | | (7,119 | ) |
| | |
Other (expense) income: | | | | | | | | |
Interest expense | | | (546 | ) | | | (10 | ) |
Insurance proceeds in excess of cost basis | | | 188 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | $ | (10,343 | ) | | $ | (7,129 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Comprehensive loss | | $ | (10,343 | ) | | $ | (7,129 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Weighted average common shares outstanding | | | 14,886 | | | | 5,652 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Basic and diluted loss per common share | | $ | (0.69 | ) | | $ | (1.26 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.
F-4
RESOURCE REAL ESTATE OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012 AND 2011
(in thousands)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Common Stock | | | Convertible Stock | | | Additional Paid-in | | | Accumulated | | | Total Stockholders’ | |
| | Shares | | | Amount | | | Shares | | | Amount | | | Capital | | | Deficit | | | Equity | |
Balance at January 1, 2011 | | | 2,438 | | | $ | 24 | | | | 50 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 21,388 | | | $ | (2,190 | ) | | $ | 19,223 | |
Issuance of common stock | | | 5,805 | | | | 58 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 57,689 | | | | — | | | | 57,747 | |
Syndication costs | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (6,924 | ) | | | — | | | | (6,924 | ) |
Distributions of common stock | | | 211 | | | | 2 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 2,105 | | | | (2,107 | ) | | | — | |
Net loss and comprehensive loss | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (7,129 | ) | | | (7,129 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2011 | | | 8,454 | | | | 84 | | | | 50 | | | | 1 | | | | 74,258 | | | | (11,426 | ) | | | 62,917 | |
Issuance of common stock | | | 12,957 | | | | 130 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 128,817 | | | | — | | | | 128,947 | |
Proceeds from distribution reinvestment plan | | | 111 | | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,051 | | | | — | | | | 1,052 | |
Syndication costs | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (15,588 | ) | | | — | | | | (15,588 | ) |
Distributions of common stock | | | 766 | | | | 8 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 7,654 | | | | (7,662 | ) | | | — | |
Cash distributions | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (3,564 | ) | | | (3,564 | ) |
Share redemptions | | | (11 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (103 | ) | | | — | | | | (103 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
Net loss and comprehensive loss | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (10,343 | ) | | | (10,343 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at December 31, 2012 | | | 22,277 | | | $ | 223 | | | | 50 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 196,089 | | | $ | (32,995 | ) | | $ | 163,318 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.
F-5
RESOURCE REAL ESTATE OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
| | | | | | | | |
| | Years Ended December 31, | |
| | 2012 | | | 2011 | |
Cash flows from operating activities: | | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | $ | (10,343 | ) | | $ | (7,129 | ) |
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: | | | | | | | | |
Gain on foreclosures | | | (2,947 | ) | | | — | |
Gain on payoff of loan held for investment | | | — | | | | (250 | ) |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 9,029 | | | | 1,564 | |
Amortization of deferred financing costs | | | 192 | | | | — | |
Insurance proceeds in excess of cost basis | | | (188 | ) | | | — | |
Accretion of discount and direct loan fees and costs | | | (18 | ) | | | (48 | ) |
Loss on property impairment | | | 400 | | | | — | |
Loss on disposal of assets | | | 246 | | | | — | |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions: | | | | | | | | |
Escrow reserves | | | 313 | | | | — | |
Tenant receivables, net | | | (148 | ) | | | (38 | ) |
Deposits | | | (381 | ) | | | (44 | ) |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | | | (187 | ) | | | (147 | ) |
Insurance proceeds received | | | 288 | | | | — | |
Due to related parties, net | | | (2,005 | ) | | | (276 | ) |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | | | 1,944 | | | | 555 | |
Tenant prepayments | | | 127 | | | | (3 | ) |
Security deposits | | | 156 | | | | 317 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net cash used in operating activities | | | (3,522 | ) | | | (5,499 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Cash flows from investing activities: | | | | | | | | |
Proceeds received on payoff of loan held for investment | | | — | | | | 815 | |
Property acquisitions | | | (76,698 | ) | | | — | |
Loan acquisitions | | | (10,300 | ) | | | (30,538 | ) |
Capital expenditures | | | (15,879 | ) | | | (4,064 | ) |
Principal payments received on loans | | | 478 | | | | 24 | |
Cash received on foreclosure of loans held for investment | | | 518 | | | | 462 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net cash used in investing activities | | | (101,881 | ) | | | (33,301 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Cash flows from financing activities: | | | | | | | | |
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of redemptions | | | 127,492 | | | | 55,589 | |
Payment of deferred financing costs | | | (127 | ) | | | (229 | ) |
Increase in borrowings | | | 23,483 | | | | — | |
Principal payments on borrowings | | | (14,360 | ) | | | — | |
Distributions paid on common stock | | | (841 | ) | | | — | |
Syndication costs | | | (15,588 | ) | | | (6,924 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by financing activities | | | 120,059 | | | | 48,436 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net increase in cash | | | 14,656 | | | | 9,636 | |
Cash at beginning of period | | | 15,202 | | | | 5,566 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Cash at end of period | | $ | 29,858 | | | $ | 15,202 | |
| | | | | | | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.
F-6
RESOURCE REAL ESTATE OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2012
NOTE 1 – NATURE OF BUSINESS AND OPERATIONS
Resource Real Estate Opportunity REIT, Inc. (the “Company”) was organized in Maryland on June 3, 2009 to purchase a diversified portfolio of discounted U.S. commercial real estate and real estate-related assets in order to generate gains to stockholders from the potential appreciation in the value of the assets and to generate current income for stockholders by distributing cash flow from the Company’s investments. Resource Real Estate Opportunity Advisor, LLC (the “Advisor”), an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Resource America, Inc. (“RAI”), a publicly traded company (NASDAQ: REXI) operating in the real estate, financial fund management and commercial finance sectors, has been engaged to manage the day-to-day operations of the Company. The Advisor has agreed to invest 1% of the first $250.0 million invested in the Company by non-affiliated investors, or up to $2.5 million.
On September 15, 2009, the Company commenced a private placement offering to accredited investors for the sale of up to 5.0 million shares of common stock at a price of $10 per share, with discounts available to certain categories of purchasers. The private offering which closed on June 9, 2010, raised aggregate gross proceeds of $12.8 million, or $11.3 million, net of $1.5 million in syndication costs, from the issuance of 1,283,727 common shares, including 20,000 shares purchased by the Advisor. In conjunction with the private offering, the Company also offered 5,000 shares of convertible stock at a price of $1 per share. Investors acquired 937 shares of the convertible stock and the Advisor purchased 4,063 shares. The Advisor contributed $200,000 to the Company in exchange for 20,000 shares of common stock on June 17, 2009, of which 4,500 shares were exchanged for 45,000 shares of convertible stock in June 2010. The Advisor purchased an additional 35,000 shares of common stock in 2011 for $315,000 and 141,500 shares during the year ended December 31, 2012 for approximately $1.3 million.
On June 16, 2010, the Company’s registration statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-160463), registering a primary public offering of up to 75.0 million shares of common stock and a public offering pursuant to the Company’s distribution reinvestment plan of up to an additional 7.5 million shares of common stock, was declared effective under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Company commenced its public offering. The Company is offering shares of common stock in its ongoing primary offering for $10 per share, with discounts available to certain categories of investors. The Company is also offering shares pursuant to its distribution reinvestment plan at a purchase price equal to $9.50 per share. As of December 31, 2012, the Company has raised aggregate gross offering proceeds of $208.9 million, which resulted in the issuance of 20,993,303 shares of common stock, including the 176,500 shares purchased by the Advisor.
Subsequently, from January 1 to March 27, 2013, the Company raised $51.7 million in offering proceeds through the issuance of 5.2 million shares of common stock. As of March 27, 2013, 48.7 million shares remained available for sale to the public under the initial public offering, exclusive of shares available under the Company’s distribution reinvestment plan.
The Company has acquired, and intends to continue to acquire, real estate-related debt and equity that has been significantly discounted due to the effects of recent economic events and high levels of leverage, as well as stabilized properties that may benefit from extensive renovations that may increase their long-term values. The Company has a particular focus on acquiring and operating multifamily assets, and it intends to target this asset class while also acquiring interests in other types of commercial property assets consistent with its investment objectives. The Company’s targeted portfolio consists of commercial real estate assets, principally (i) non-performing or distressed loans, including but not limited to first and second priority mortgage loans, mezzanine loans, subordinate participations in first mortgage loans, or B-Notes, and other loans, (ii) real estate that was foreclosed upon and sold by financial institutions, (iii) multifamily rental properties to which the Company can add value with a capital infusion (“value add properties”), and (iv) discounted investment-grade commercial mortgage-backed securities. However, the Company is not limited in the types of real estate assets in which it may invest and, accordingly, it may invest in other real estate-related assets either directly or together with a co-investor or joint venture partner.
The Company elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, for its taxable year ended December 31, 2012. The Company also operates its business in a manner that should permit it to maintain its exemption from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
F-7
RESOURCE REAL ESTATE OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2012
NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
A summary of the significant accounting policies consistently applied in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements follows:
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries as follows:
| | | | | | |
Subsidiary | | Apartment Complex | | Number of Units | | Location |
RRE Opportunity Holdings, LLC | | N/A | | N/A | | Wilmington, Delaware |
Resource Real Estate Opportunity OP, LP | | N/A | | N/A | | Wilmington, Delaware |
RRE 107th Avenue Holdings, LLC (“107th Avenue”) | | 107th Avenue | | 5 | | Omaha, Nebraska |
RRE Westhollow Holdings, LLC (“Westhollow”) | | Arcadia | | 404 | | Houston, Texas |
RRE Crestwood Holdings, LLC (“Crestwood”) | | Town Park | | 270 | | Birmingham, Alabama |
RRE Iroquois, LP (“Vista”) | | Vista | | 133 | | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
RRE Iroquois Holdings, LLC | | N/A | | N/A | | Wilmington, Delaware |
RRE Campus Club Holdings, LLC (“Campus Club”) | | Campus Club | | 64 | | Tampa, Florida |
RRE Heatherwood Holdings, LLC (“Heatherwood”) | | Heatherwood | | 184 | | Inkster, Michigan |
RRE Bristol Holdings, LLC (“Bristol”) | | The Redford | | 856 | | Houston, Texas |
RRE Cannery Holdings, LLC (“Cannery”) | | Cannery Lofts | | 156 | | Dayton, Ohio |
RRE Williamsburg Holdings, LLC (“Williamsburg”) | | Williamsburg | | 976 | | Cincinnati, Ohio |
RRE Skyview Holdings, LLC (“Skyview”) | | Skyview | | 360 | | Houston, TX |
RRE Park Forest Holdings, LLC (“Park Forest”) | | Park Forest | | 216 | | Oklahoma City, OK |
RRE Foxwood Holdings, LLC (“Foxwood”) | | Foxwood | | 220 | | Memphis, TN |
RRE Flagstone Holdings, LLC (“Flagstone”) | | Flagstone | | 292 | | Houston, TX |
N/A - not applicable
All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Recent Accounting Standard
The adoption of the following standard issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Fair Value Measurements. In May 2011, FASB issued an amendment to revise the wording used to describe the requirements for measuring fair value and for disclosing information about fair value measurements. For many of the requirements, FASB does not intend for the amendments to result in a change in the application of the current requirements. Some of the amendments clarify FASB’s intent about the application of existing fair value measurement requirements, such as specifying that the concepts of highest and best use and valuation premise in a fair value measurement are relevant only when measuring the fair value of nonfinancial assets. Other amendments change a particular principle or requirement for measuring fair value or for disclosing information about fair value measurements such as specifying that, in the absence of a Level 1 input, a reporting entity should apply premiums or discounts when market participants would do so when pricing the asset or liability. This guidance became effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2012 and did not result in a material impact to the consolidated financial statements.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
F-8
RESOURCE REAL ESTATE OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2012
Rental Properties
The Company records acquired rental properties at fair value. The Company considers the period of future benefit of an asset to determine its appropriate useful life and depreciates using the straight line method. The Company anticipates the estimated useful lives of its assets by class as follows:
| | | | |
| | Buildings | | 27.5 years |
| | |
| | Building improvements | | 3.0 to 27.5 years |
| | |
| | Tenant improvements | | Shorter of lease term or expected useful life |
Impairment of Long Lived Assets
When circumstances indicate the carrying value of a property may not be recoverable, the Company reviews the asset for permanent impairment. This review is based on an estimate of the future undiscounted cash flows, excluding interest charges, expected to result from the property’s use and eventual disposition. The review also considers factors such as expected future operating income, market and other applicable trends and residual value, as well as the effects of leasing demand, competition and other factors.
An impairment loss will be recorded to the extent that the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value of the property for properties to be held and used. For properties held for sale, the impairment loss would be the adjustment to fair value less the estimated cost to dispose of the asset. For the year ended December 31, 2012, we recorded a $400,000 impairment charge for one of our properties.
Loans Held for Investment, Net
The Company records acquired performing loans held for investment at cost and reviews them for potential impairment at each balance sheet date. The Company considers a loan to be impaired if one of two conditions exists. The first condition is if, based on current information and events, management believes it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. The second condition is if the loan is deemed to be a troubled-debt restructuring (“TDR”) where a concession has been given to a borrower in financial difficulty. These TDRs may not have an associated specific loan loss allowance if the principal and interest amount is considered recoverable based on current market conditions, expected collateral performance and/or guarantees made by the borrowers.
The amount of impairment, if any, is measured by comparing the recorded amount of the loan to the present value of the expected cash flows or, as a practical expedient, the fair value of the collateral. If a loan is deemed to be impaired, the Company records a reserve for loan losses through a charge to income for any shortfall.
Interest income from performing loans held for investment is recognized based on the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Fees related to any buy down of the interest rate are deferred as prepaid interest income and amortized over the term of the loan as an adjustment to interest income. The initial investment made in a purchased performing loan includes the amount paid to the seller plus fees. The initial investment frequently differs from the related loan’s principal amount at the date of the purchase. The difference is recognized as an adjustment of the yield over the life of the loan. Closing costs related to the purchase of a performing loan held for investment are amortized over the term of the loan and accreted as an adjustment to interest income.
The Company may acquire real estate loans at a discount due to the credit quality of such loans and the respective borrowers under such loans. Revenues from these loans are recorded under the effective interest method. Under this method, an effective interest rate (“EIR”) is applied to the cost basis of the real estate loan held for investment. The EIR that is calculated when the loan held for investment is acquired remains constant and is the basis for subsequent impairment testing and income recognition. However, if the amount and timing of future cash collections are not reasonably estimable, the Company accounts for the real estate receivable on the cost recovery method. Under the cost recovery method of accounting, no income is recognized until the basis of the loan held for investment has been fully recovered.
F-9
RESOURCE REAL ESTATE OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2012
Allocation of the Purchase Price of Acquired and Foreclosed Assets
The cost of rental properties acquired as a fee interest and rental properties which are acquired through foreclosing on a loan are allocated to net tangible and intangible assets based on relative fair values. The Company allocates the purchase price of properties to acquired tangible assets, consisting of land, buildings, fixtures and improvements, and identified intangible lease assets and liabilities, consisting of the value of above-market and below-market leases, as applicable, the value of in-place leases and the value of tenant relationships, based in each case on their fair values. Fair value estimates are based on information obtained from a number of sources, including information obtained about each property as a result of pre-acquisition due diligence, marketing and leasing activities.
In allocating purchase price, management also includes real estate taxes, insurance and other operating expenses and estimates of lost rentals at market rates during the expected lease-up period. Management also estimates costs to execute similar leases including leasing commissions and legal and other related expenses to the extent that such costs have not already been incurred in connection with a new lease origination as part of the transaction.
The Company records above-market and below-market in-place lease values for acquired properties based on the present value (using an interest rate that reflects the risks associated with the leases acquired) of the difference between (i) the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to the in-place leases and (ii) management’s estimate of fair market lease rates for the corresponding in-place leases, measured over a period equal to the remaining non-cancelable term of the lease. The Company amortizes any capitalized above-market or below-market lease values as an increase or reduction to rental income over the remaining non-cancelable terms of the respective leases.
The Company measures the aggregate value of other intangible assets acquired based on the difference between (i) the property valued with existing in-place leases adjusted to market rental rates and (ii) the property valued as if it were vacant. Management’s estimates of value are made using methods similar to those used by independent appraisers (e.g., discounted cash flow analysis). Factors to be considered by management in its analysis include an estimate of carrying costs during hypothetical expected lease-up periods considering current market conditions and costs to execute similar leases.
The total amount of other intangible assets acquired is further allocated to customer relationship intangible values based on management’s evaluation of the specific characteristics of each tenant’s lease and the Company’s overall relationship with that respective tenant. Characteristics to be considered by management in allocating these values include the nature and extent of the Company’s existing relationships with the tenant, the tenant’s credit quality and expectations of lease renewals (including those existing under the terms of the lease agreement), among other factors.
The Company amortizes the value of in-place leases to expense over the average remaining term of the respective leases. The value of customer relationship intangibles are amortized to expense over the initial term and any renewal periods in the respective leases, but in no event will the amortization periods for the intangible assets exceed the remaining depreciable life of the building. Should a tenant terminate its lease, the unamortized portion of the in-place lease value and customer relationship intangibles associated with that tenant would be charged to expense in that period.
The determination of the fair value of the assets and liabilities acquired requires the use of significant assumptions with regard to current market rental rates, discount rates and other variables. The use of inappropriate estimates would result in an incorrect assessment of the purchase price allocations, which could impact the amount of the Company’s reported net income. Initial purchase price allocations are subject to change until all information is finalized, which is generally within one year of the acquisition date.
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes minimum rent, including rental abatements and contractual fixed increases attributable to operating leases, on a straight-line basis over the term of the related lease and includes amounts expected to be received in later years in deferred rents. The Company records property operating expense reimbursements due from tenants for common area maintenance, real estate taxes and other recoverable costs in the period in which the related expenses are incurred.
The specific timing of a sale is measured against various criteria related to the terms of the transaction and any continuing involvement associated with the property. If the criteria for gain recognition under the full-accrual method are not met, the Company defers gain recognition and accounts for the continued operations of the property by applying the percentage-of-completion, reduced profit, deposit, installment or cost recovery methods, as appropriate, until the appropriate criteria are met.
F-10
RESOURCE REAL ESTATE OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2012
The future minimum rental payments to be received from noncancelable operating leases are $12.3 million and $96,000 for the years ending December 31, 2013 and 2014, respectively, and none thereafter.
Tenant Receivables
Tenant receivables are stated in the financial statements at amounts due from tenants net of an allowance for uncollectible receivables. Payment terms vary and receivables outstanding longer than the payment terms are considered past due. The Company determines its allowance by considering a number of factors, including the length of time receivables are past due, security deposits held, the Company’s previous loss history, the tenants’ current ability to pay their obligations to the Company, the condition of the general economy and the industry as a whole. The Company writes off receivables when they become uncollectible. At December 31, 2012 and 2011, there were allowances for uncollectible receivables of $29,000 and $4,000, respectively.
Deferred Offering Costs
Through December 31, 2012, the Advisor has advanced $5.9 million on behalf of the Company for the payment of public offering costs consisting of accounting, advertising, allocated payroll, due diligence, marketing, legal and similar costs. A portion of these costs is charged to equity upon the sale of each share of common stock sold under the public offering. Similarly, a portion of the proceeds received from the sales of shares in the Company’s public offering is paid to the Advisor to reimburse it for the amount incurred on behalf of the Company. Deferred offering costs represent the portion of the total costs incurred that have not been charged to equity to date and are the major component of Due to Related Parties as reflected on the consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, $5.9 million and $1.4 million, respectively, have been reimbursed to the Advisor. Upon completion of the public offering, any deferred offering costs in excess of reimbursements will be charged back to the Advisor.
Income Taxes
To maintain its REIT qualification for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Company is generally required to distribute at least 90% of its taxable net income (excluding net capital gains) to its stockholders as well as comply with other requirements, including certain asset, income and stock ownership tests. Accordingly, the Company generally will not be subject to corporate U.S. federal income taxes to the extent that it annually distributes at least 90% of its taxable net income to its stockholders. If the Company fails to qualify as a REIT, and does not qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, it is subject to U.S. federal, state and local income taxes and may be precluded from qualifying as a REIT for the subsequent four taxable years following the year in which it fails its REIT qualification. Accordingly, the Company’s failure to qualify as a REIT could have a material adverse impact on its results of operations and amounts available for distribution to its stockholders.
The dividends-paid deduction of a REIT for qualifying dividends to its stockholders is computed using the Company’s taxable income as opposed to net income reported on the financial statements. Generally, taxable income differs from net income reported on the financial statements because the determination of taxable income is based on tax provisions and not financial accounting principles.
The Company may elect to treat certain of its subsidiaries as a taxable REIT subsidiary (“TRS”). In general, the Company’s TRSs may hold assets and engage in activities that the Company cannot hold or engage in directly and generally may engage in any real estate or non-real estate-related business. A TRS is subject to U.S. federal, state and local corporate income taxes. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, the Company had no TRSs.
The Company evaluates the benefits of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in its tax returns. Only the largest amount of benefits from tax positions that will more likely than not be sustainable upon examination are recognized by the Company. The Company does not have any unrecognized tax benefits, nor interest and penalties, recorded in its consolidated financial statements and does not anticipate significant adjustments to the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months.
The Company is subject to examination by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service and by the taxing authorities in other states in which the Company has significant business operations. The Company is not currently undergoing any examinations by taxing authorities.
F-11
RESOURCE REAL ESTATE OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2012
Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share are calculated on the basis of the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share take into account the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised and converted to common stock. Due to reported losses for the periods presented, the convertible shares (discussed in Note 12) are not included in the diluted earnings per share calculations. For the purposes of calculating earnings per share all common shares and per common share information in the financial statements have been adjusted retroactively for the effect of seven separate 1.5% stock distributions issued to stockholders of record and one 0.75% stock distribution to stockholders of record on December 31, 2012.
NOTE 3 – SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION
The following table presents supplemental cash flow information (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | |
| | Years Ended December 31, | |
| | 2012 | | | 2011 | |
Non-cash activities: | | | | | | | | |
Investor contributions held in escrow which converted to common stock | | $ | 1,686 | | | $ | 627 | |
Property and intangibles received on foreclosure of loans held for investment | | | 19,746 | | | | 17,788 | |
Stock distributions issued | | | 7,662 | | | | 2,107 | |
Cash distributions on common stock declared but not yet paid | | | 1,671 | | | | — | |
Deferred financing costs and escrow deposits funded directly by mortgage note and revolving credit facility | | | 875 | | | | — | |
| | |
Cash paid during the period for: | | | | | | | | |
Interest | | $ | 328 | | | $ | 3 | |
NOTE 4 – RENTAL PROPERTIES, NET
The Company’s investments in rental properties consisted of the following (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2012 | | | 2011 | |
Land | | $ | 17,284 | | | $ | 2,727 | |
Building and improvements | | | 110,098 | | | | 25,453 | |
Furniture, fixtures and equipment | | | 6,461 | | | | 1,312 | |
Construction in progress | | | 1,083 | | | | 12 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | 134,926 | | | | 29,504 | |
Less: accumulated depreciation | | | (5,424 | ) | | | (955 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 129,502 | | | $ | 28,549 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 was $4.3 million and $890,000, respectively.
F-12
RESOURCE REAL ESTATE OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2012
NOTE 5 – LOANS HELD FOR INVESTMENT, NET
On March 15, 2011, the Company purchased, at a discount, two non-performing promissory notes and two performing promissory notes (the “Notes”), each of which was secured by a first priority mortgage on the respective multifamily rental apartment communities. The contract purchase price for the Notes was a total of $3.1 million, excluding closing costs. On August 2, 2011, the borrower of one of the non-performing promissory notes entered into a forbearance agreement with the Company and, on September 23, 2011, paid the Company a negotiated amount in satisfaction of the note in full. On August 18, 2011, the Company was the successful bidder at a foreclosure sale of the property collateralizing the second non-performing note. Possession of the property was obtained in February 2012 (see Note 6 – Heatherwood). The face value of the performing notes as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 was $1.3 million. The performing notes were purchased net of discounts and the unamortized accretable discounts totaled $316,000 and $344,000 at December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
On March 21, 2012, the Company purchased, at a discount, a non-performing promissory note (the “Deerfield Note”), which is secured by a first priority mortgage on a multifamily rental community in Duluth, Minnesota. The contract purchase price for the Deerfield Note was $10.3 million, excluding closing costs. On July 19, 2012, the Company was the successful bidder at a foreclosure sale of the property securing the Deerfield Note; however, as of December 31, 2012, the Company had not yet taken title to the property, as the borrower’s redemption period did not terminate until January 2013. On January 22, 2013, the Company took title to the property. The Company is still evaluating the impact of the foreclosure on the operating results.
The following table provides the aging of the Company’s loans held for investment (dollars in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2012 | | | December 31, 2011 | |
| | Amount | | | Percent | | | Amount | | | Percent | |
Current | | $ | 959 | | | | 9 | % | | $ | 956 | | | | 5 | % |
| | | | |
Delinquent: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
30–89 days | | | 10,150 | | | | 91 | % | | | 8,300 | | | | 46 | % |
90–180 days | | | — | | | | — | % | | | — | | | | — | % |
Greater than 180 days | | | — | | | | — | % | | | 8,741 | | | | 49 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 11,109 | | | | 100 | % | | $ | 17,997 | | | | 100 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The following table provides information about the credit quality of the Company’s loans held for investment, net, (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2012 | | | 2011 | |
Loans: | | | | | | | | |
Performing | | $ | 959 | | | $ | 956 | |
Nonperforming | | | 10,150 | | | | 17,041 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 11,109 | | | $ | 17,997 | |
| | | | | | | | |
One of the Company’s two performing promissory notes matured on December 31, 2011 and the balance of $238,000 was not paid in full and is currently in default. The Company and the borrower under this note entered into a forbearance agreement in January 2012. This forbearance agreement is considered a troubled debt restructuring. The borrower has continued to pay the debt service payments as required by the forbearance agreement.
The Company has individually evaluated each loan for impairment and determined that there were no impairments as of December 31, 2012, with the exception of the troubled debt restructuring which is impaired. Based on the evaluation performed on the troubled debt restructuring, although the loan is impaired, the Company did not record an impairment charge because the borrower is continuing to make payments and the collateral value exceeds the balance of the loan held for investment. There was no allowance for credit losses as of December 31, 2012 or charge-offs for the year then ended.
F-13
RESOURCE REAL ESTATE OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2012
NOTE 6 – ACQUISITIONS AND FORECLOSURES
The values of certain assets and liabilities acquired are based on preliminary valuations and are subject to adjustment as additional information is obtained. The Company has up to 12 months from the date of foreclosure to finalize the valuation (see Note 16 for gain recorded on foreclosures).
Campus Club Apartments – Tampa, Florida
On October 21, 2011, the Company purchased, at a discount, a non-performing promissory note (the “Campus Club Note”), which was secured by a first priority mortgage on a student housing community located in Tampa, Florida, known as the Campus Club Apartments. The contract purchase price for the Campus Club Note was $8.3 million, plus closing costs. The Company paid an acquisition fee of $176,000, or 2% of the purchase price and closings costs, to the Advisor. The Company foreclosed on the Campus Club Note on February 9, 2012 and received title to the property on February 21, 2012.
The Company estimated the fair value of certain assets and liabilities based on preliminary valuations at the date of purchase. Based on the appraisal of the property obtained on January 10, 2013, the Company revalued the assets and liabilities retroactive to the purchase date and recorded the adjustments in the fourth quarter of 2012. The adjustments included reallocations of amounts originally recorded as land, buildings and in-place leases. An increase in fair value of $688,000 was also recorded (see Note 16). The following table presents the adjusted fair value of the net assets acquired (in thousands):
| | | | |
Rental property: | | | | |
Land | | $ | 1,650 | |
Buildings | | | 5,965 | |
Site improvements | | | 285 | |
Personal property | | | 200 | |
| | | | |
| | | 8,100 | |
Acquired intangibles — in-place leases | | | 435 | |
| | | | |
Fair value assigned | | $ | 8,535 | |
| | | | |
Heatherwood Apartments – Inkster, Michigan
On March 15, 2011, the Company purchased, at a discount, a non-performing promissory note (the “Heatherwood Note”), which was secured by a first priority mortgage on a multifamily rental apartment community in Inkster, Michigan. The contract purchase price for the Heatherwood Note was $1.6 million, plus closing costs. The Company paid an acquisition fee of $34,000, or 2% of the purchase price and closing costs, to the Advisor. On August 18, 2011, the Company was the successful bidder (for $1.9 million) at the foreclosure sale of the Heatherwood Apartments. The Company’s bid approximated the fair value of the Heatherwood Apartments based on an independent appraisal. The Company received title and took possession of the property on February 18, 2012 upon the termination of the borrower’s redemption period.
The following table presents the fair value (in thousands) of the Heatherwood Apartments and related net assets acquired in exchange for the Heatherwood Note:
| | | | |
Rental property: | | | | |
Land | | $ | 310 | |
Buildings | | | 1,412 | |
| | | | |
| | | 1,722 | |
Acquired intangibles — in-place leases | | | 178 | |
Security deposit liability | | | (11 | ) |
| | | | |
Fair value assigned | | $ | 1,889 | |
| | | | |
F-14
RESOURCE REAL ESTATE OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2012
The Redford – Houston, Texas
On March 27, 2012, the Company purchased a multifamily residential rental apartment complex located in Houston, Texas, known as the Redford (formerly known as the Bristol Apartments) for $11.4 million, plus closing costs. The Company paid an acquisition fee of $195,000, or 2% of the purchase price and closing costs, to the Advisor.
The Company estimated the fair value of certain assets and liabilities based on preliminary valuations at the date of purchase. Based on the appraisal of the Redford obtained on December 28, 2012, the Company revalued the assets and liabilities retroactive to the purchase date and recorded the adjustments in the fourth quarter of 2012. The adjustments included reallocations of amounts originally recorded as land, building and in-place leases. The following table presents the adjusted fair value of the net assets acquired (in thousands):
| | | | |
Rental property: | | | | |
Land | | $ | 4,073 | |
Buildings | | | 4,750 | |
Site improvements | | | 401 | |
Furniture, fixtures & equipment | | | 262 | |
Tenant improvements | | | 84 | |
| | | | |
| | | 9,570 | |
Acquired intangibles — in-place leases | | | 1,558 | |
Leasing commissions | | | 209 | |
Legal & marketing costs | | | 63 | |
| | | | |
Fair value assigned | | $ | 11,400 | |
| | | | |
Cannery Lofts – Dayton, Ohio
On May 13, 2011, the Company purchased, at a discount, a non-performing promissory note (the “Cannery Note”), which was secured by a first priority mortgage on a multifamily rental apartment community in Dayton, Ohio, known as the Cannery Lofts. The contract purchase price for the Cannery Note was $7.1 million, plus closing costs. The Company paid an acquisition fee of $147,000, or 2% of the purchase price and closing costs, to the Advisor. On June 6, 2012, the Company was the successful bidder at the foreclosure sale of the Cannery Lofts. The Company received title on June 6, 2012 and took possession of the Cannery Lofts on June 19, 2012.
F-15
RESOURCE REAL ESTATE OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2012
The Company estimated the fair value of certain assets and liabilities at the date of purchase. Based on an appraisal of the Cannery Lofts obtained on February 19, 2013, the Company revalued the assets and liabilities retroactive to the purchase date and recorded the adjustments in the fourth quarter of 2012. The adjustments included reallocations of amounts originally recorded as land, buildings and in-place leases. An increase in fair value of $2.0 million was also recorded (see Note 16). The following table presents the adjusted fair value of the net assets acquired (in thousands):
| | | | |
Land | | $ | 160 | |
Buildings | | | 7,418 | |
Site improvements | | | 10 | |
Parking garage | | | 392 | |
Tenant improvements | | | 93 | |
Personal property | | | 200 | |
| | | | |
| | | 8,273 | |
Acquired intangibles — in-place leases | | | 609 | |
Leasing commissions | | | 27 | |
Legal fees | | | 8 | |
| | | | |
Fair value assigned | | $ | 8,917 | |
| | | | |
Williamsburg Apartments – Cincinnati, Ohio
On June 20, 2012, the Company purchased a multifamily residential rental apartment complex located in Cincinnati, Ohio, known as the Williamsburg Apartments, for $41.3 million, plus closing costs. The Company paid an acquisition fee of $827,000, or 2% of the purchase price and closing costs, to the Advisor.
The Company estimated the fair value of certain assets and liabilities based on preliminary valuations at the date of purchase. Based on an appraisal of the Williamsburg Apartments obtained on September 6, 2012, the Company revalued the assets and liabilities retroactive to the purchase date and recorded the adjustments in the third quarter of 2012. The adjustments included reallocations of amounts originally recorded as land, building and in-place leases. The following table presents the adjusted fair value of the net assets acquired (in thousands):
| | | | |
Rental property: | | | | |
Land | | $ | 3,223 | |
Site Improvements | | | 2,758 | |
Buildings | | | 32,353 | |
Personal Property | | | 1,007 | |
| | | | |
| | | 39,341 | |
Acquired intangibles — in-place leases | | | 1,909 | |
Prepaid real estate insurance | | | 49 | |
Accrued expenses | | | (37 | ) |
Security deposits | | | (208 | ) |
Prepaid rents | | | (29 | ) |
| | | | |
Fair value assigned | | $ | 41,025 | |
| | | | |
Park Forest Apartments – Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
On December 6, 2012, the Company purchased a multifamily residential rental apartment complex located in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, known as Park Forest Apartments, for $2.0 million, plus closing costs. The Company paid an acquisition fee of $44,000, or 2% of the purchase price and closing costs, to the Advisor.
F-16
RESOURCE REAL ESTATE OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2012
The Company estimated the fair value of certain assets and liabilities based on preliminary valuations at the date of purchase. The following table reflects the estimated values of the net assets acquired (in thousands):
| | | | |
Rental property: | | | | |
Land | | $ | 572 | |
Buildings | | | 1,389 | |
| | | | |
| | | 1,961 | |
Acquired intangibles — in-place leases | | | 88 | |
Prepaid real estate insurance | | | 14 | |
Security deposits | | | (16 | ) |
| | | | |
Fair value assigned | | $ | 2,047 | |
| | | | |
The Company is in the process of obtaining an appraisal in order to finalize the valuation.
F-17
RESOURCE REAL ESTATE OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2012
Foxwood Apartments – Memphis, Tennessee
On December 7, 2012, the Company purchased a multifamily residential rental apartment complex located in Memphis, Tennessee, known as the Foxwood Apartments, for $2.2 million, plus closing costs. The Company paid an acquisition fee of $49,000, or 2% of the purchase price and closing costs, to the Advisor.
The Company estimated the fair value of certain assets and liabilities based on preliminary valuations at the date of purchase. The following table reflects the estimated values of the net assets acquired (in thousands):
| | | | |
Rental property: | | | | |
Land | | $ | 591 | |
Buildings | | | 1,449 | |
| | | | |
| | | 2,040 | |
Acquired intangibles — in-place leases | | | 236 | |
Prepaid real estate insurance | | | 16 | |
Accrued expenses | | | (57 | ) |
Security deposits | | | (32 | ) |
Prepaid rents | | | (1 | ) |
| | | | |
Fair value assigned | | $ | 2,202 | |
| | | | |
The Company is in the process of obtaining an appraisal in order to finalize the valuation.
Skyview at Palm Center – Harris County, Texas
On December 19, 2012, the Company purchased a multifamily residential rental apartment complex located in Harris County, Texas, known as the Skyview at Palm Center, for $14.4 million, plus closing costs. The Company paid an acquisition fee of $290,000, or 2% of the purchase price and closing costs, to the Advisor.
The Company estimated the fair value of certain assets and liabilities based on preliminary valuations at the date of purchase. The following table reflects the estimated values of the net assets acquired (in thousands):
| | | | |
Rental property: | | | | |
Land | | $ | 2,535 | |
Buildings | | | 11,283 | |
| | | | |
| | | 13,818 | |
Acquired intangibles — in-place leases | | | 608 | |
Prepaid real estate insurance | | | 49 | |
Accrued expenses | | | (14 | ) |
Security deposits | | | (40 | ) |
Prepaid rents | | | (14 | ) |
| | | | |
Fair value assigned | | $ | 14,407 | |
| | | | |
The Company is in the process of obtaining an appraisal in order to finalize the valuation.
F-18
RESOURCE REAL ESTATE OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2012
Flagstone Gardens – Houston, Texas
On December 21, 2012, the Company purchased a multifamily residential rental apartment complex located in Houston, Texas, known as the Flagstone Gardens, for $5.5 million, plus closing costs. The Company paid an acquisition fee of $111,000, or 2% of the purchase price and closing costs, to the Advisor.
The Company estimated the fair value of certain assets and liabilities based on preliminary valuations at the date of purchase. The following table reflects the estimated values of the net assets acquired (in thousands):
| | | | |
Rental property: | | | | |
Land | | $ | 1,444 | |
Buildings | | | 3,795 | |
| | | | |
| | | 5,239 | |
Acquired intangibles — in-place leases | | | 262 | |
Prepaid real estate insurance | | | 54 | |
Security deposits | | | (13 | ) |
| | | | |
Fair value assigned | | $ | 5,542 | |
| | | | |
The Company is in the process of obtaining an appraisal in order to finalize the valuation.
NOTE 7 – IDENTIFIED INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET
Identified intangible assets, net, consisted of rental and antennae leases and leasing commissions. The value of the acquired in-place leases totaled $7.0 million and $1.1 million as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively, net of accumulated amortization of $5.3 million and $807,000, respectively. The weighted-average remaining life of the rental leases is nine months and one month as of December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. The value of leasing commissions totaled $306,000 and $0 respectively, net of accumulated amortization of $306,000 and $0, respectively. Expected amortization for the antennae leases at the Vista Apartment Homes, an apartment community owned by the Company and located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, is $16,000 annually through 2025. Amortization of the rental and antennae leases for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 was $4.5 million and $675,400, respectively.
Expected amortization for the rental and antennae leases for the next five years ending December 31, and thereafter, is as follows (in thousands):
| | | | |
2013 | | $ | 1,447 | |
2014 | | | 16 | |
2015 | | | 16 | |
2016 | | | 16 | |
2017 | | | 16 | |
Thereafter | | | 130 | |
| | | | |
| | $ | 1,641 | |
| | | | |
NOTE 8 – MORTGAGE NOTE PAYABLE
On April 3, 2012, the Company entered into a mortgage loan (the “Iroquois Mortgage Loan”) for $9.2 million. The Iroquois Mortgage Loan bears interest at one-month London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus 2.61%. The Iroquois Mortgage Loan requires monthly payments of principal and interest. The amount outstanding under the Iroquois Mortgage Loan may be prepaid in full after the first year of its term at a 1.0% premium based on the principal being repaid and with no prepayment premium during the last quarter of its term. The Iroquois Mortgage Loan is secured by a first lien mortgage on the assets of the Vista Apartment Homes.
F-19
RESOURCE REAL ESTATE OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2012
The following is a summary of the mortgage note payable (in thousands, except percentages):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collateral | | Balance Outstanding at December 31, 2012 | | | Maturity Date | | | Annual Interest Rate | | | Average Monthly Debt Service | |
Vista Apartments | | $ | 9,043 | | | | 5/1/2017 | | | | 2.82 | %(1) | | $ | 38 | |
(1) | One-month LIBOR of 0.208% (as of December 31, 2012) plus 2.61% margin. |
Annual principal payments on the mortgage note payable for each of the next five years ending December 31 are as follows (in thousands):
| | | | |
2013 | | $ | 195 | |
2014 | | | 201 | |
2015 | | | 207 | |
2016 | | | 212 | |
2017 | | | 8,228 | |
| | | | |
| | $ | 9,043 | |
| | | | |
The mortgage note payable is recourse only with respect Vista Apartment Homes, subject to certain limited standard exceptions, as defined in the mortgage note. The Company has guaranteed the mortgage note by executing a guarantee with respect to the property. These exceptions are referred to as “carveouts.” In general, carveouts relate to damages suffered by the lender for a borrower’s failure to pay rents, insurance or condemnation proceeds to lender, failure to pay water, sewer and other public assessments or charges, failure to pay environmental compliance costs or to deliver books and records, in each case as required in the loan documents. The exceptions also require the Company to guarantee payment of audit costs, lender’s enforcement of its rights under the loan documents and payment of the loan if the borrower voluntarily files for bankruptcy or seeks reorganization, or if a related party of the borrower does so with respect to the subsidiary.
NOTE 9 – REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY
On December 2, 2011, the Company, through its operating partnership, entered into a secured revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) with Bank of America, N.A. (“Bank of America”). Under the Credit Facility, the Company may borrow up to $25.0 million (the “Facility Amount”). Draws under the Credit Facility are secured by certain of the Properties and is guaranteed by the Company. The Company paid certain closing costs in connection with the Credit Facility, including a loan fee equal to 0.375% of the Facility Amount. As of December 31, 2012, the Company had outstanding borrowings of $760,000 under the Credit Facility which was secured by certain of the Company’s Properties with an aggregate value of $33.8 million. The Company recorded interest expense of $328,000 during the year ended December 31, 2012.
The Credit Facility matures on December 2, 2014, and may be extended to December 2, 2015 subject to satisfaction of certain conditions and payment of an extension fee equal to 0.25% of the amount committed under the Credit Facility. Interest on outstanding borrowings is incurred at a rate of LIBOR plus 3.0%. The Company is required to make monthly interest-only payments. The Company also may prepay the Credit Facility in whole or in part at any time without premium or penalty.
The Credit Facility requires minimum tangible net worth and unencumbered liquid assets. The Company is in compliance with all of its covenants at December 31, 2012.
F-20
RESOURCE REAL ESTATE OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2012
NOTE 10 – DEFERRED FINANCING COSTS
Deferred financing costs incurred to obtain financing are amortized over the term of the related debt. Accumulated amortization as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 was approximately $193,000 and $6,000, respectively. Estimated amortization of the existing deferred financing costs for the years ending December 31, are as follows (in thousands):
| | | | |
2013 | | $ | 244 | |
2014 | | | 218 | |
2015 | | | 42 | |
2016 | | | 41 | |
2017 | | | 16 | |
| | | | |
| | $ | 561 | |
| | | | |
NOTE 11 – CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
In the ordinary course of its business operations, the Company has ongoing relationships with several related parties. The amounts payable to such related parties are summarized in the following table (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2012 | | | 2011 | |
Due to related parties: | | | | | | | | |
Advisor and its affiliates | | $ | 119 | | | $ | 3,685 | |
Resource Securities, Inc. | | | 268 | | | | 152 | |
Resource Real Estate Opportunity Manager, LLC | | | 303 | | | | 85 | |
Other | | | 6 | | | | 6 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 696 | | | $ | 3,928 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Relationship with the Advisor
In September 2009, the Company entered into an advisory agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”) pursuant to which the Advisor provides the Company with investment management, administrative and related services. The Advisory Agreement was amended in January 2010 and further amended in January 2011. The Advisory Agreement has a one-year term and renews for an unlimited number of successive one-year terms upon the approval of the conflicts committee of the Company’s board of directors. The Company renewed the advisory agreement for another year on September 15, 2012. Under the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor receives fees and is reimbursed for its expenses as set forth below:
Acquisition fees.The Company pays the Advisor an acquisition fee of 2.0% of the cost of investments acquired on behalf of the Company, plus any capital expenditure reserves allocated, or the amount funded by the Company to acquire loans, including acquisition expenses and any debt attributable to such investments. For the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 , the Advisor earned and received $2.2 million and $714,000, respectively, in acquisition fees.
Asset management fees.The Company pays the Advisor a monthly asset management fee equal to one-twelfth of 1.0% of the higher of the cost or the independently appraised value of each asset, without deduction for depreciation, bad debts or other non-cash reserves. The asset management fee is based only on the portion of the costs or value attributable to the Company’s investment in an asset if the Company does not own all or a majority of an asset and does not manage or control the asset. For the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, the Advisor earned $987,000 and $343,000, respectively, in asset management fees. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, a total of $10,000 and $22,000 of asset management fees due to the Advisor were unpaid.
Disposition fees. The Advisor earns a disposition fee in connection with of the sale of a property equal to the lesser of one-half of the aggregate brokerage commission paid, or if none is paid, 2.75% of the contract sales price. There were no properties sold during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 and, therefore, no disposition fees were earned.
Debt financing fees. The Advisor earns a debt financing fee equal to 0.5% of the amount available under any debt financing obtained for which it provided substantial services. For the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, the Advisor earned and received $119,100 and $0 in debt financing fees, respectively.
F-21
RESOURCE REAL ESTATE OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2012
Expense reimbursements. The Company also pays directly or reimburses the Advisor for all of the expenses paid or incurred by the Advisor or its affiliates on behalf of the Company or in connection with the services provided to the Company in relation to its ongoing public offering. This includes all organization and offering costs of up to 2.5% of gross offering proceeds. For the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, such organization and offering costs paid by the Advisor totaled $292,018 and $2.3 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, a total of $0 and $1.9 million, respectively, of advances from the Advisor for organization and offering costs were unpaid and due to the Advisor.
Reimbursements also include expenses the Advisor incurs in connection with providing services to the Company, including the Company’s allocable share of costs for Advisor personnel and overhead, out of pocket expenses incurred in connection with the selection and acquisition of properties or other real estate related debt investments, whether or not the Company ultimately acquires the investment. However, the Company will not reimburse the Advisor or its affiliates for employee costs in connection with services for which the Advisor earns acquisition or disposition fees. For the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, the Advisor charged the Company $551,827 and $800,000, respectively, for these operating expenses. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, a total of $28,000 and $1.8 million respectively, of these advances were unpaid and due to the Advisor.
Relationship with Resource Real Estate Opportunity Manager
Resource Real Estate Opportunity Manager, LLC (the “Manager”), an affiliate of the Advisor, manages real estate properties and real estate-related debt investments and coordinates the leasing of, and manages construction activities related to, some of the Company’s real estate properties pursuant to the terms of the management agreement with the Manager.
Property management fees.The Manager is entitled to specified fees upon the provision of certain services, including construction management fee and property management/debt servicing fees. For the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, the Manager earned $941,000 and $301,000, respectively, in property management fees. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, a total of $118,000 and $46,000, respectively, of those fees were unpaid and due to the Manager.
Debt servicing fees.The Manager earns a debt servicing fee of 2.75% on payments received from loans held by the Company for investment. For the year ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, the Manager earned and received $4,500 and $0 in debt servicing fees, respectively.
Expense reimbursement. During the ordinary course of business, the Manager or other affiliates of RAI may pay certain shared operating expenses on behalf of the Company. Reimbursable expenses payable to the Manager or its affiliates as of December 31, 2012 and 2011 totaled $184,000 and $73,000, respectively. These reimbursable amounts are non-interest bearing and are due on demand.
Relationship with Resource Securities
Resource Securities, Inc. (“Resource Securities,” formerly known as Chadwick Securities, Inc.), an affiliate of the Advisor, has been engaged to serve as the Company’s dealer-manager and is responsible for marketing the Company’s shares in its public offering. Pursuant to the terms of the dealer-manager agreement with Resource Securities, the Company pays Resource Securities a selling commission of up to 7% of gross public offering proceeds and a dealer-manager fee of up to 3% of gross offering proceeds.
Resource Securities reallows all selling commissions earned and up to 1% of the dealer-manager fee as a marketing fee to participating broker-dealers. No selling commissions or dealer-manager fees are earned by Resource Securities in connection with sales under the distribution reinvestment plan. Additionally, the Company may reimburse Resource Securities for bona fide due diligence expenses.
For the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, Resource Securities earned selling commissions and dealer manager fees of $12.4 million and $5.5 million, respectively. There were no due diligence expense reimbursements during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, a total of $277,000 and $152,000, respectively, of these fees were unpaid and due to Resource Securities. A portion of these unpaid balances as of 2012 have been offset by $8,500 of certain expenses paid by the Company on behalf of Resource Securities.
Relationship with Other Related Parties
The Company has also made payment for legal services to the law firm of Ledgewood P.C. (“Ledgewood”). Until 1996, the Chairman of RAI was of counsel to Ledgewood. In connection with the termination of his affiliation with Ledgewood and its redemption of his interest, the Chairman continues to receive certain payments from Ledgewood. Until
F-22
RESOURCE REAL ESTATE OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2012
March 2006, a current executive of RAI was the managing member of Ledgewood. This executive remained of counsel to Ledgewood through June 2007, at which time he became an Executive Vice President of RAI. In connection with his separation, this executive is entitled to receive payments from Ledgewood through 2013. For the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, the Company paid legal fees to Ledgewood totaling $131,000 and $31,000, respectively.
The Company utilizes the services of a printing company, Graphic Images, LLC (“Graphic Images”), whose principal owner is the father of RAI’s Chief Financial Officer. The Company paid to Graphic Images $623,000 and $335,000 for printing services during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
NOTE 12 – EQUITY
Preferred Stock
The Company’s charter authorizes the Company to issue 10.0 million shares of its $0.01 par value preferred stock. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, no shares of preferred stock were issued and outstanding.
Common Stock
As of December 31, 2012, the Company had issued an aggregate of 1,283,727 shares of its $0.01 par value common stock in connection with its private offering, and 21,008,880 shares of its common stock (including stock dividends and shares issued under the distribution reinvestment plan—see below) in connection with its currently ongoing public offering. On June 15, 2010, the Advisor exchanged 4,500 common shares for 45,000 shares of the Company’s convertible stock. Additionally, 11,077 shares of common stock were redeemed by stockholders for $110,736 during 2012, pursuant to the Company’s share redemption program. Therefore, 22,277,030 shares of common stock are outstanding as of December 31, 2012.
Convertible Stock
As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, the Company had 50,000 shares of $0.01 par value convertible stock outstanding of which the Advisor and affiliated persons own 49,063 shares and outside investors own 937 shares. The convertible stock will convert into shares of the Company’s common stock upon the occurrence of one of two events: first, if the Company has paid distributions to common stockholders that in the aggregate equal 100% of the price at which the Company originally sold the shares plus an amount sufficient to produce a 10% cumulative, non-compounded annual return on the shares at that price; and secondly, if the Company lists its common stock on a national securities exchange and, on the 31st trading day after listing, the Company’s value based on the average trading price of its common stock since the listing, plus prior distributions, combine to meet the same 10% return threshold.
Redemption of Securities
During the year ended December 31, 2012, the Company redeemed its shares as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Period | | Total Number of Shares Redeemed (1) | | | Average Price Paid per Share | | | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of a Publicly Announced Plan or Program(2) | | | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares Available That May Yet Be Redeemed Under the Program | |
October 2012 | | | — | | | | — | | | | 3,283 | | | | (3 | ) |
November 2012 | | | — | | | | — | | | | 3,283 | | | | (3 | ) |
December 2012 | | | 7,794 | | | $ | 6.58 | | | | 11,077 | | | | (3 | ) |
(1) | All redemptions of equity securities by the Company in the year ended December 31, 2012 were made pursuant to the Company’s share redemption program. |
(2) | The redemption program commenced on June 16, 2010 and was subsequently amended on September 29, 2011. |
(3) | The Company currently limits the dollar value and number of shares that may be redeemed under the program. |
All redemption requests tendered were honored during the year ended December 31, 2012.
The Company will not redeem in excess of 5% of the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during the 12-month period immediately prior to the effective date of redemption. The Company’s board of directors will determine at least quarterly whether it has sufficient excess cash to repurchase shares. Generally, the cash available for redemptions will be limited to proceeds from the Company’s distribution reinvestment plan plus, if the Company has positive operating cash flow from the previous fiscal year, 1% of all operating cash flow from the previous year.
F-23
RESOURCE REAL ESTATE OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2012
The Company’s board of directors, in its sole discretion, may suspend, terminate or amend the Company’s share redemption program without stockholder approval upon 30 days’ notice if it determines that such suspension, termination or amendment is in the Company’s best interest. The Company’s board may also reduce the number of shares purchased under the share redemption program if it determines the funds otherwise available to fund the Company’s share redemption program are needed for other purposes. These limitations apply to all redemptions, including redemptions sought upon a stockholder’s death, qualifying disability or confinement to a long-term care facility.
Distribution Reinvestment Plan
As of December 31, 2012, a total of 110,740 shares have been issued under the distribution reinvestment plan.
Distributions
On May 31, 2012, the Company paid a special cash distribution of $1.9 million ($0.15 per common share) to stockholders of record as of the close of business on May 15, 2012, which was funded from a portion (approximately 20%) of the proceeds from the Iroquois Mortgage Loan. Approximately $1.1 million of the distribution was reinvested in shares of the Company’s common stock pursuant to the distribution reinvestment plan.
On November 15, 2012, the Company’s Board of Directors declared another special cash distribution of $1.7 million ($0.075 per common share) to stockholders of record as of the close of business on December 31, 2012, which was paid on January 15, 2013, which was funded from certain cash flowing properties. Approximately $1.1 million of these distributions was invested in shares of the Company’s common stock pursuant to the distribution reinvestment plan.
The Company has declared seven quarterly stock distributions of 0.015 shares and one quarterly distribution of 0.0075 shares per each share of its common stock outstanding. In connection with these stock distributions, the Company increased its accumulated deficit by $9.7 million as of December 31, 2012.
NOTE 13 – FAIR VALUE MEASURES AND DISCLOSURES
In analyzing the fair value of its investments accounted for on a fair value basis, the Company follows the fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The Company determines fair value based on quoted prices when available or, if quoted prices are not available, through the use of alternative approaches, such as discounting the expected cash flows using market interest rates commensurate with the credit quality and duration of the investment. The fair value of cash, tenant receivables and accounts payable, approximate their carrying value due to the their short nature. The hierarchy followed defines three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:
Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.
Level 2 — Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset and liability or can be corroborated with observable market data for substantially the entire contractual term of the asset or liability.
Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that reflect the entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in the pricing of the asset or liability and are consequently not based on market activity, but rather through particular valuation techniques.
The determination of where an asset or liability falls in the hierarchy requires significant judgment. The Company evaluates its hierarchy disclosures each quarter; depending on various factors, it is possible that an asset or liability may be classified differently from quarter to quarter. However, the Company expects that changes in classifications between levels will be rare.
F-24
RESOURCE REAL ESTATE OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2012
Rental properties obtained through a foreclosed note are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis. The fair value of rental properties is usually estimated based on information obtained from a number of sources, including information obtained about each property as a result of pre-acquisition due diligence, marketing and leasing activities. The Company allocates the purchase price of properties to acquired tangible assets, consisting of land, buildings, fixtures and improvements, and identified intangible lease assets and liabilities, consisting of the value of above-market and below-market leases, as applicable, the value of in-place leases and the value of tenant relationships, based in each case on their fair values.
The following table presents information about the Company’s rental properties measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques utilized by the Company to determine such fair value (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Level 1 | | | Level 2 | | | Level 3 | | | Total | |
For the year ended December 31, 2012: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cannery | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 8,917 | | | $ | 8,917 | |
Heatherwood | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,889 | | | | 1,889 | |
Campus Club | | | — | | | | — | | | | 8,535 | | | | 8,535 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Rental properties, net | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 19,341 | | | $ | 19,341 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
For the year ended December 31, 2011: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Town Park | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 6,250 | | | $ | 6,250 | |
Vista | | | — | | | | — | | | | 12,000 | | | | 12,000 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Rental properties, net | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 18,250 | | | $ | 18,250 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The carrying and fair values of the Company’s loans held for investment, net, mortgage note payable and revolving credit facility were as follows (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | December 31, 2012 | | | December 31, 2011 | |
| | Carrying Amount | | | Fair Value | | | Carrying Amount | | | Fair Value | |
Loans held for investment, net | | $ | 11,109 | | | $ | 11,109 | | | $ | 17,997 | | | $ | 17,997 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Mortgage note payable | | $ | (9,043 | ) | | $ | (9,043 | ) | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Revolving credit facility | | $ | (760 | ) | | $ | (760 | ) | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The fair value of the loans held for investment, net, was estimated by comparing the recorded amount of the loan to the fair value of the collateral.
The fair value of the mortgage note payable was estimated using rates available to the Company for debt with similar terms and remaining maturities.
The fair value of the revolving credit facility equals the carrying amount because the credit facility interest rate is variable.
NOTE 14 – OPERATING EXPENSE LIMITATION WAIVER
Under its charter, the Company must limit its total operating expenses to the lesser of 2% of its average invested assets or 25% of its net income for the four most recently completed fiscal quarters, unless the conflicts committee of the Company’s board of directors has determined that such excess expenses were justified based on unusual and non-recurring factors. Operating expenses for the four quarters ended December 31, 2012 exceeded the charter imposed limitation; however, the conflicts committee of the board of directors determined that the excess was justified for these periods given the costs of operating a public company and the early stage of the Company’s operations.
F-25
RESOURCE REAL ESTATE OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2012
NOTE 15 – GAIN ON INSURANCE CLAIM
On January 3, 2012, a fire damaged five units at the Town Park Apartments. The Company was insured for both the property damage and the loss of rental income. The Company reduced the net carrying value of the building and improvements by $98,000 and established a receivable for the expected insurance proceeds of $275,000, net of the $25,000 deductible. During the year ended December 31, 2012, the Company received insurance proceeds of $275,000. Additional non-capitalizable expenses incurred in conjunction with the claim totaled $1,000. Accordingly, these expenses and the excess of proceeds were recorded as insurance proceeds in excess of cost basis. An additional receivable of $13,000 for the loss of rental income was recorded to rental income, which was received in 2012.
NOTE 16 – GAIN ON FORECLOSURES
The Company recorded the following gains related to foreclosures that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2012:
| • | | Crestwood Notes. On March 14, 2012, the Company received $346,000 from the guarantor of the Crestwood Notes in full satisfaction of certain guarantees entered into by an affiliate of the borrower with the original lender. |
| • | | Heatherwood Note. On the day of foreclosure, the fair value of the property exceeded the Company’s carrying value of the Heatherwood Note by $248,000. Pursuant to a settlement agreement with the borrower dated May 25, 2012, the Company received $625,000 related to insurance proceeds from a loss at the Heatherwood Apartments prior to foreclosure. In May 2012, the Company also recorded adjustments to security deposits totaling $14,000. |
| • | | Cannery Note. On February 19, 2013, an appraisal of the fair value of the property on the date of foreclosure was completed. The results revealed that, on the day of foreclosure, the Company’s fair value of the property exceeded the carrying value of the Cannery Note by $2.0 million. An additional payment of $306,000 was received by the Company in satisfaction of a settlement agreement with the borrower under the Cannery Note. The Company also recorded adjustments to security deposits totaling $99,000, which reduced the gain. |
| • | | Campus Club Note. On January 10, 2013, an appraisal of the fair value of the Company on the date of foreclosure was completed. The results revealed that, on the day of foreclosure, the Company’s fair value of the property exceeded the carrying value of the Campus Club Note by $688,000. |
F-26
RESOURCE REAL ESTATE OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2012
NOTE 17 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
From January 1, 2013 to March 27, 2013, the Company raised approximately $51.7 million in offering proceeds through the issuance of approximately 5.2 million shares of common stock under its initial public offering. As of March 27, 2013, approximately 48.7 million shares remained available for sale to the public under the initial public offering, exclusive of shares available under the Company’s distribution reinvestment plan.
On January 22, 2013, the Company took title to the property securing the Deerfield Note after the borrower’s redemption period terminated.
On March 28, 2013, the Company purchased the Armand Place Apartments, a 244 unit, multifamily residential apartment community located in Houston, Texas, for $11.8 million.
On March 13, 2013, the Company purchased Kenwick Place and Canterbury Apartments, a 244 unit, multifamily residential apartment community located in Lexington, Kentucky, for $6.9 million.
On March 7, 2013, the Company entered into an agreement to sell Town Park Apartments for $10.25 million. The Company can make no assurances that it will ultimately sell this property.
The Company has evaluated subsequent events and determined that no events have occurred, other than those disclosed above, which would require an adjustment to the consolidated financial statements.
F-27
RESOURCE REAL ESTATE OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
SCHEDULE III
Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
December 31, 2012
(dollars in thousands)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Column A | | Column B | | | Column C | | | Column D | | | Column E | | | Column F | | | Column G | | Column H | | Column I | |
Description | | Encumbrances | | | Initial cost to Company | | | Cost capitalized subsequent to acquisition | | | Gross Amount at which carried at close of period | | | Accumulated Depreciation | | | Date of Construction | | Date Acquired | | Life on which depreciation in latest income is computed | |
| | | | | Buildings and Land Improvements | | | Improvements Carrying Costs | | | Buildings and Land Improvements Total | | | | | | | | | | | |
Real estate owned: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Residential | | $ | — | | | $ | 225 | | | $ | 13 | | | $ | 238 | | | $ | (19 | ) | | 1961 | | 8/26/2010 | | | 3 - 27.5 years | |
Omaha, NE | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Residential | | | — | | | | 7,800 | | | | 3,180 | | | | 10,980 | | | | (1,114 | ) | | 1978 | | 10/5/2010 | | | 3 - 27.5 years | |
Houston, TX | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Residential | | | — | | | | 6,250 | | | | 1,343 | | | | 7,593 | | | | (690 | ) | | 1980 | | 3/2/2011 | | | 3 - 27.5 years | |
Birmingham, AL | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Residential | | | — | | | | 12,000 | | | | 1,469 | | | | 13,469 | | | | (654 | ) | | 1961 | | 8/2/2011 | | | 3 - 27.5 years | |
Philadelphia, PA | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Residential | | | — | | | | 1,640 | | | | (78 | ) | | | 1,562 | | | | (62 | ) | | 1966 | | 2/18/2012 | | | 3 - 27.5 years | |
Inkster, MI | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Residential | | | — | | | | 8,300 | | | | (150 | ) | | | 8,150 | | | | (267 | ) | | 2005 | | 10/21/2011 | | | 3 - 27.5 years | |
Tampa, FL | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Residential | | | — | | | | 7,100 | | | | 1,319 | | | | 8,419 | | | | (265 | ) | | 1838 | | 6/6/2012 | | | 3 - 27.5 years | |
Dayton, OH | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Residential | | | — | | | | 41,025 | | | | 2,318 | | | | 43,343 | | | | (920 | ) | | 1966 | | 6/20/2012 | | | 3 - 27.5 years | |
Cincinnati, OH | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Residential | | | — | | | | 11,400 | | | | 6,717 | | | | 18,117 | | | | (1,023 | ) | | 1982 | | 3/29/2012 | | | 3 - 27.5 years | |
Houston, TX | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Residential | | | — | | | | 2,050 | | | | 11 | | | | 2,061 | | | | (5 | ) | | 1974 | | 12/6/2012 | | | 3 - 27.5 years | |
Oklahoma City, OK | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Residential | | | — | | | | 2,275 | | | | 4 | | | | 2,279 | | | | (5 | ) | | 1974 | | 12/7/2012 | | | 3 - 27.5 years | |
Memphis, TN | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Residential | | | — | | | | 5,500 | | | | 11 | | | | 5,511 | | | | — | | | 1978 | | 12/21/2012 | | | 3 - 27.5 years | |
Houston, TX | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Residential | | | — | | | | 14,425 | | | | 20 | | | | 14,445 | | | | — | | | 2000 | | 12/19/2012 | | | 3 - 27.5 years | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Harris County, TX | | $ | — | | | $ | 119,990 | | | $ | 16,177 | | | $ | 136,167 | | | $ | (5,024 | ) | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | Years Ended | |
| | December 31, | |
| | 2012 | | | 2011 | |
Balance, beginning of the period | | $ | 29,504 | | | $ | 8,401 | |
Additions during period: | | | | | | | | |
Acquisitions | | | 95,188 | | | | 17,039 | |
Improvements, etc. | | | 11,475 | | | | 4,064 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Balance, at close of period | | $ | 136,167 | | | $ | 29,504 | |
| | | | | | | | |
RESOURCE REAL ESTATE OPPORTUNITY REIT, INC.
SCHEDULE IV
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate
December 31, 2012
(in thousands)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Column A | | Column B | | Column C | | Column D | | Column E | | Column F | | | Column G | | | Column H | |
Description | | Interest rate | | Final maturity date | | Periodic payment term | | Prior liens | | Face amount of mortgages | | | Carrying amount of mortgages | | | Principal amount of loans subject to delinquent principal or interest | |
Residential Columbia City, IN | | Fixed interest rate of 7.5% | | 10/28/2021 | | n/a | | n/a | | $ | 1,058 | | | $ | 730 | | | $ | — | |
| | | | | | | |
Residential Kalamazoo, MI | | Variable interest rate between 7.0 and 7.39% | | 12/30/2013 | | n/a | | n/a | | | 242 | | | | 229 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | |
Residential Hermantown, MN | | Fixed interest rate of 5.995% | | 4/1/2017 | | n/a | | n/a | | | 10,300 | | | | 10,150 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | $ | 11,600 | | | $ | 11,109 | | | $ | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
| | Year Ended December 31, 2012 | |
Balance, beginning of the period | | $ | 17,997 | |
Additions | | | 27 | |
New loans | | | 10,300 | |
Reductions | | | (487 | ) |
Foreclosures | | | (16,728 | ) |
| | | | |
Balance, end of the period | | $ | 11,109 | |
| | | | |