Allowance for Credit Losses [Text Block] | Note 6. Loans, Allowance for Loan Losses and Credit Quality Loans by Loan Class The Bank categorizes its loan receivables into four main categories which are commercial real estate loans, commercial and industrial loans, guaranteed student loans, and consumer loans. Each category of loan has a different level of credit risk. Real estate loans are generally safer than loans secured by other assets because the value of the underlying collateral is generally ascertainable and does not fluctuate as much as other assets. Owner occupied commercial real estate loans are generally the least risky type of commercial real estate loan. Non owner occupied commercial real estate loans and construction and development loans contain more risk. Commercial loans, which can be secured by real estate or other assets, or which can be unsecured, are generally more risky than commercial real estate loans. Guaranteed student loans are guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Education for approximately 98 (dollars in thousands) March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Commercial Real Estate: Acquisition, development and construction $ 2,209 $ 2,168 Non-owner occupied 66,269 58,044 Owner occupied 42,425 45,690 Commercial and industrial 32,881 34,819 Guaranteed student loans 51,693 53,847 Consumer: Residential mortgage 17,960 18,140 HELOC 11,208 10,603 Other 775 22,722 Total loans 225,420 246,033 Allowance for loan losses (866) (823) Total loans, net of allowance for loan losses $ 224,554 $ 245,210 Included in the loan balances above are net deferred loan costs of $ 1.3 1.7 801 827 Loans Acquired with Evidence of Deterioration in Credit Quality Acquired in the acquisition of Bank of Virginia and included in the table above, are purchased performing loans and loans acquired with evidence of deterioration in credit quality. The purchased performing loans are $ 6.1 6.9 (dollars in thousands) March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Contract principal balance $ 4,373 $ 4,779 Accretable yield - (1) Carrying value of loans $ 4,373 $ 4,778 A discount is applied to these loans such that the carrying amount approximates the cash flows expected to be received from the borrower or from the liquidation of collateral. In December 2010, due to the high level of uncertainty regarding the timing and amount of these cash flows, management initially considered the entire discount to be nonaccretable. However, due to improvement in the status of some credits, the majority of the nonaccretable difference was subsequently transferred to accretable yield and is being amortized as a yield adjustment over the lives of the individual loans. Cash flows received on loans with a nonaccretable difference are applied on a cost recovery method, whereby payments are applied first to the loan balance. When the loan balance is fully recovered, payments are then being applied to income. Any future reductions in carrying value as a result of deteriorating credit quality require an allowance for loan losses related to these loans. 2016 2015 Accretable Accretable (dollars in thousands) Yield Yield Beginning balance $ 1 $ 42 Charge-offs related to loans covered by ASC 310-30 - - Transfers - - Accretion (1) (4) Ending balance $ - $ 38 Credit Quality Indicators Credit risk ratings reflect the current risk of default and/or loss for a given asset. The risk of loss is driven by factors intrinsic to the borrower and the unique structural characteristics of the loan. The credit risk rating begins with an analysis of the borrower’s credit history, ability to repay the debt as agreed, use of proceeds, and the value and stability of the value of the collateral securing the loan. The attributes ordinarily considered when reviewing a borrower are as follows: · industry/industry segment; · position within industry; · earnings, liquidity and operating cash flow trends; · asset and liability values; · financial flexibility/debt capacity; · management and controls; and · quality of financial reporting. The unique structural characteristics ordinarily considered when reviewing a loan are as follows: · credit terms/loan documentation; · guaranty/third party support; · collateral; and · loan maturity. On a quarterly basis, the process of estimating the allowance for loan loss begins with management’s review of the risk rating assigned to individual credits. Through this process, loans adversely risk rated are evaluated for impairment based on ASC 310-40. The following is a summary of the risk rating definitions the Company uses to assign a risk grade to each loan within the portfolio: Grade 1 - Highest Quality Loans to persons and businesses with unquestionable financial strength and character that carry extremely low probabilities of default. Balance sheets and cash flow are extremely strong relative to the magnitude of debt. This rating would be analogous to the highest investment grade ratings. Grade 2 - Above Average Quality Loans to persons and business entities with unquestioned character that carry low probabilities of default. Borrowers have strong, stable earnings and financial condition. Grade 3 - Satisfactory Loans to persons and businesses with acceptable financial condition that carry average probabilities of default. Borrower’s exhibit adequate cash flow to service debt and have acceptable levels of leverage. Grade 4 - Pass Loans to persons and businesses with a lack of stability in the primary source of repayment or temporary weakness in their balance sheet or earnings. These loans carry above average probabilities of default. These borrowers generally have higher leverage and less liquidity than loans rated 3-Satisfactory. Grade 5- Special Mention Loans to borrowers that exhibit potential credit weakness or a downward trend that warrant additional supervision. While potentially weak, the loan is currently marginally acceptable and no loss of principal or interest is envisioned. Grade 6 Substandard Borrowers with one or more well defined weaknesses that jeopardize the orderly liquidation of the debt. Normal repayment from the borrower is in jeopardy, although no loss of principal is envisioned. Possibility of loss or protracted workout exists if immediate corrective action is not taken. Grade 7 Doubtful Loans with all the weaknesses inherent in a Substandard classification, with the added provision that the weaknesses make collection of debt in full highly questionable and improbable, based on currently existing facts, conditions, and values. Serious problems exist to the point where a partial loss of principal is likely. Grade 8 Loss Borrower is deemed incapable of repayment of the entire principal. A charge - March 31, 2016 (dollars in thousands) Commercial Real Estate Consumer Non- Guaranteed Acq-Dev owner Owner Commercial Student Residential Credit quality class Construction Occupied Occupied and Industrial Loans Mortgage HELOC Other Total 1 Highest quality $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - 2 Above average quality - 7,731 3,199 2,415 51,693 - 1,606 372 67,016 3 Satisfactory 1,310 29,583 17,015 23,690 - 12,274 5,868 354 90,094 4 Pass 227 27,600 19,849 6,241 - 5,485 2,872 49 62,323 5 Special mention - - - 534 - 26 268 - 828 6 Substandard 121 - 390 1 - 39 235 - 786 7 Doubtful - - - - - - - - - 1,658 64,914 40,453 32,881 51,693 17,824 10,849 775 221,047 Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality 551 1,355 1,972 - - 136 359 - 4,373 Total loans $ 2,209 $ 66,269 $ 42,425 $ 32,881 $ 51,693 $ 17,960 $ 11,208 $ 775 $ 225,420 December 31, 2015 (dollars in thousands) Commercial Real Estate Consumer Non- Guaranteed Acq-Dev owner Owner Commercial Student Residential Credit quality class Construction Occupied Occupied and Industrial Loans Mortgage HELOC Other Total 1 Highest quality $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - 2 Above average quality - 7,772 3,285 1,876 53,847 - 1,063 396 68,239 3 Satisfactory 989 27,397 20,355 26,289 - 11,959 5,893 22,258 115,140 4 Pass 472 19,988 19,550 6,102 - 5,976 2,779 68 54,935 5 Special mention - 1,510 - 547 - 27 269 - 2,353 6 Substandard 152 - 151 5 - 41 239 - 588 7 Doubtful - - - - - - - - - 1,613 56,667 43,341 34,819 53,847 18,003 10,243 22,722 241,255 Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality 555 1,377 2,349 - - 137 360 - 4,778 Total loans $ 2,168 $ 58,044 $ 45,690 $ 34,819 $ 53,847 $ 18,140 $ 10,603 $ 22,722 $ 246,033 Commercial Real Estate Consumer Guaranteed Acq-Dev Non-owner Owner Commercial Student Residential At March 31, 2016 ( in thousands) Construction Occupied Occupied and Industrial Loans Mortgage HELOC Other Total 30 - 59 days $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 2,619 $ - $ - $ - $ 2,619 60 - 89 days - - - 1,965 - 64 - 2,029 > 90 days 121 - 886 - 6,866 - - - 7,873 Total past due 121 - 886 - 11,450 - 64 - 12,521 Current 2,088 66,269 41,539 32,881 40,243 17,960 11,144 775 212,899 Total loans $ 2,209 $ 66,269 $ 42,425 $ 32,881 $ 51,693 $ 17,960 $ 11,208 $ 775 $ 225,420 > 90 days still accruing $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 6,866 $ - $ - $ - $ 6,866 Commercial Real Estate Consumer Guaranteed Acq-Dev Non-owner Owner Commercial Student Residential At December 31, 2015 (in thousands) Construction Occupied Occupied and Industrial Loans Mortgage HELOC Other Total 30 - 59 days $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 3,178 $ - $ - $ 73 $ 3,251 60 - 89 days - - - - 2,413 - - - 2,413 > 90 days 152 - 1,388 - 9,645 - - - 11,185 Total past due 152 - 1,388 - 15,236 - - 73 16,849 Current 2,016 58,044 44,302 34,819 38,611 18,140 10,603 22,649 229,184 Total loans $ 2,168 $ 58,044 $ 45,690 $ 34,819 $ 53,847 $ 18,140 $ 10,603 $ 22,722 $ 246,033 > 90 days still accruing $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 9,645 $ - $ - $ - $ 9,645 Non-accrual Loans Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when management believes the collection of the principal and interest is doubtful. A delinquent loan is generally placed in nonaccrual status when: · principal and/or interest is past due for 90 days or more, unless the loan is well-secured or in the process of collection; · the financial strength of the borrower or a guarantor has materially declined; · collateral value has declined; or · other facts would make the repayment in full of principal and interest unlikely. Loans placed on nonaccrual status are reported to the Board at its next regular meeting. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual, all interest which has been accrued is charged back against current earnings as a reduction in interest income, which adversely affects the yield on loans in the period of reversal. No additional interest is accrued on the loan balance until the collection of both principal and interest becomes reasonably certain. Loans placed on non-accrual status generally may be returned to accrual status after: · payments are received for approximately six (6) consecutive months in accordance with the loan documents, and any doubt as to the loan's full collectability has been removed; or · the loan is restructured and supported by a well-documented credit evaluation of the borrower's financial condition and the prospects for full payment. When a restructured loan is returned to accrual status after restructuring, the risk rating remains unchanged until a satisfactory payment history is re-established, typically for approximately six months, at which time it is returned to accrual status. March 31, December 31, (dollars in thousands) 2016 2015 Commercial Real Estate: Acquisition, development and construction $ 121 $ 152 Non-owner occupied - Owner occupied 1,275 1,388 Commercial and industrial 1 5 Guaranteed Student Loans - Consumer: Residential mortgage - - HELOC 286 289 Total non-accrual loans $ 1,683 $ 1,834 Non-accrual troubled debt restructurings included above $ 390 $ - Non-accrual purchased credit impaired loans included above $ 1,017 $ 1,370 Impaired Loans All loans that are rated Substandard or worse or are expected to be downgraded to Substandard, require additional analysis to determine if the loan is impaired. All loans that are rated Special Mention are presumed not to be impaired. However, Special Mention rated loans are typically evaluated for the following adverse characteristics that may indicate further analysis is warranted before completing an assessment of impairment: · a loan is 60 days or more delinquent on scheduled principal or interest; · a loan is presently in an unapproved over-advanced position; · a loan is newly modified; or · a loan is expected to be modified. The following information is a summary of the Company’s policies pertaining to impaired loans: A loan is deemed impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement will not be collected when due. Factors impairing repayment might include: inadequate repayment capacity, severe erosion of equity, likely reliance on non-primary source of repayment, guarantors with limited resources, and obvious material deterioration in borrower’s financial condition. The possibility of loss or protracted workout exists if immediate corrective action is not taken. Once deemed impaired, the loan is then analyzed for the extent of the impairment. Impairment is the difference between the principal balance of the loan and (i) the discounted cash flows of the borrower or (ii) the fair market value of the collateral less the costs involved with liquidation (i.e., real estate commissions, attorney costs, etc.). This difference is then reflected as a component in the allowance for loan loss as a specific reserve. Government Guaranteed Student loans with a past due balance greater than 90 days are not placed on non-accrual and are not considered impaired. When a loan reaches 120 days past due, the non-guaranteed portion of the loan is charged-off. The guarantor’s payment covers approximately 98% of principal and accrued interest. A component of the general loan loss reserve covers potential losses within the 2 Certain loans were identified and individually evaluated for impairment at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015. A number of these impaired loans were not charged with a valuation allowance due to Management’s judgment that the cash flows from the underlying collateral or equity available from guarantors was sufficient to recover the Company’s entire investment, while one loan experienced collateral deterioration and a supplemental specific reserve was added. There were no consumer mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate in the process of foreclosure as of March 31, 2016. The results of those analyses are presented in the following tables. Average Recorded Unpaid Related Recorded Interest (dollars in thousands) Investment (1) Principal (2) Allowance Investment Recorded With no related allowance recorded: Commercial Real Estate: Acquisition, development and construction $ 121 $ 121 $ - $ 129 $ - Non-owner occupied - - - - - Owner occupied 390 390 - 60 - Commercial and industrial 1 1 - 3 - Consumer: - Residential mortgage 39 39 - 40 1 HELOC 171 171 - 173 1 Other - - - - - $ 722 $ 722 $ - $ 405 $ 2 With an allowance recorded: Commercial Real Estate: Acquisition, development and construction $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - Non-owner occupied - - - - - Owner occupied - - - - - Commercial and industrial - - - - - Consumer: Residential mortgage - - - - - HELOC 64 64 16 64 - Other - - - - - $ 64 $ 64 $ 16 $ 64 $ - Total: Commercial Real Estate: Acquisition, development and construction $ 121 $ 121 $ - $ 129 $ - Non-owner occupied - - - - - Owner occupied 390 390 - 60 - Commercial and industrial 1 1 - 3 - Consumer: - - - - - Residential mortgage 39 39 - 40 1 HELOC 235 235 16 64 1 Other - - - - - Total $ 786 $ 786 $ 16 $ 296 $ 2 The following is a summary of related impaired loans, excluding acquired impaired loans, presented by portfolio class as of December 31, 2015: Average Recorded Unpaid Related Recorded Interest (dollars in thousands) Investment (1) Principal (2) Allowance Investment Recorded With no related allowance recorded: Commercial Real Estate: Acquisition, development and construction $ 152 $ 152 $ - $ 188 $ - Non-owner occupied - - - - - Owner occupied 151 152 - 156 - Commercial and industrial 5 5 - 13 - Consumer: Residential mortgage 41 41 - 44 3 HELOC 175 175 - 185 3 Other - - - - $ 524 $ 525 $ - $ 586 $ 6 With an allowance recorded: Commercial Real Estate: Acquisition, development and construction $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - Non-owner occupied - - - - - Owner occupied - - - - - Commercial and industrial - - - - - Consumer: Residential mortgage - - - - - HELOC 64 64 16 66 - Other - - - - - $ 64 $ 64 $ 16 $ 66 $ - Total: Commercial Real Estate: Acquisition, development and construction $ 152 $ 152 $ - $ 188 $ - Non-owner occupied - - - - - Owner occupied 151 152 - 156 - Commercial and industrial 5 5 - 13 - Consumer: - - - - - Residential mortgage 41 41 - 44 3 HELOC 239 239 16 251 3 Other - - - - - Total $ 588 $ 589 $ 16 $ 652 $ 6 (1) The amount of the investment in a loan, which is not net of a valuation allowance, but which does reflect any direct write-down of the investment. (2) The contractual amount due, which reflects paydowns applied in accordance with loan documents, but which does not reflect any direct write-downs. Loans with deteriorated credit quality acquired as part of the Bank of Virginia acquisition are accounted for under the requirements of ASC 310-30. These loans are not considered impaired and not included in the table above. Commercial Real Estate Consumer Acquisition, Development, Non-owner Owner Commercial Guaranteed Residential (dollars in thousands) Construction Occupied Occupied and Industrial Student Loans Mortgage HELOC Other Total Allowance for loan losses Beginning balance, December 31, 2015 $ 89 $ 157 $ 82 $ 112 $ 47 $ 59 $ 61 $ 216 $ 823 Charge-offs - - - - - - - (71) (71) Recoveries - - - 13 1 1 1 - 16 Net (charge-offs) recoveries - - - 13 1 1 1 (71) (55) Provision (recovery) (44) 149 55 44 (1) 18 20 (143) 98 Ending balance, March 31, 2016 $ 45 $ 306 $ 137 $ 169 $ 47 $ 78 $ 82 $ 2 $ 866 Commercial Real Estate Consumer Acquisition, Development, Non-owner Owner Commercial Guaranteed Residential (dollars in thousands) Construction Occupied Occupied and Industrial Student Loans Mortgage HELOC Other Total Allowance for loan losses Beginning balance, December 31, 2014 $ 146 $ 97 $ 149 $ 357 $ 144 $ 98 $ 76 $ 22 $ 1,089 Charge-offs - - - (109) - - - (47) (156) Recoveries - 234 - 271 - 1 3 - 509 Net (charge-offs) recoveries - 234 - 162 - 1 3 (47) 353 Provision (recovery) 24 (75) (22) (275) (14) (44) 11 55 (340) Ending balance, March 31, 2015 $ 170 $ 256 $ 127 $ 244 $ 130 $ 55 $ 90 $ 30 $ 1,102 A summary of the ALLL by portfolio segment and impairment evaluation methodology as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 is as follows: Commercial Real Estate Consumer Acquisition, Development, Non-owner Owner Commercial Guaranteed Residential (dollars in thousands) Construction Occupied Occupied and Industrial Student Loans Mortgage HELOC Other Total Allowance for loan losses for loans Individually evaluated for impairment $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 16 $ - $ 16 Collectively evaluated for impairment 45 306 137 169 47 78 66 2 850 Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality - - - - - - - - - Ending balance, March 31, 2016 $ 45 $ 306 $ 137 $ 169 $ 47 $ 78 $ 82 $ 2 $ 866 Gross loan balances Individually evaluated for impairment $ 121 $ - $ 390 $ 1 $ - $ 39 $ 235 $ - $ 786 Collectively evaluated for impairment 1,537 64,914 40,063 32,880 51,693 17,785 10,614 775 220,261 Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality 551 1,355 1,972 - - 136 359 - 4,373 Ending balance, March 31, 2016 $ 2,209 $ 66,269 $ 42,425 $ 32,881 $ 51,693 $ 17,960 $ 11,208 $ 775 $ 225,420 Commercial Real Estate Consumer Acquisition, Development, Non-owner Owner Commercial Guaranteed Residential (dollars in thousands) Construction Occupied Occupied and Industrial Student Loans Mortgage HELOC Other Total Allowance for loan losses for loans Individually evaluated for impairment $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 16 $ - $ 16 Collectively evaluated for impairment 89 157 82 112 47 59 45 216 807 Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality - - - - - - - - - Ending balance, December 31, 2015 $ 89 $ 157 $ 82 $ 112 $ 47 $ 59 $ 61 $ 216 $ 823 Gross loan balances Individually evaluated for impairment $ 152 $ - $ 151 $ - $ - $ 41 $ 239 $ - $ 588 Collectively evaluated for impairment 1,461 56,667 43,190 34,814 53,847 17,962 10,004 22,722 240,667 Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality 555 1,377 2,349 - - 137 360 - 4,778 Ending balance, December 31, 2015 $ 2,168 $ 58,044 $ 45,690 $ 34,819 $ 53,847 $ 18,140 $ 10,603 $ 22,722 $ 246,033 Troubled Debt Restructurings A modification is classified as a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) if both of the following exist: (1) the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and (2) the Company has granted a concession to the borrower. The Company determines that a borrower may be experiencing financial difficulty if the borrower is currently delinquent on any of its debt, or if the Company is concerned that the borrower may not be able to perform in accordance with the current terms of the loan agreement in the foreseeable future. Many aspects of the borrower’s financial situation are assessed when determining whether they are experiencing financial difficulty, particularly as it relates to commercial borrowers due to the complex nature of the loan structure, business/industry risk and borrower/guarantor structures. Concessions may include the reduction of an interest rate at a rate lower than current market rate for a new loan with similar risk, extension of the maturity date, reduction of accrued interest, or principal forgiveness. When evaluating whether a concession has been granted, the Company also considers whether the borrower has provided additional collateral or guarantors and whether such additions adequately compensate the Company for the restructured terms, or if the revised terms are consistent with those currently being offered to new loan customers. The assessments of whether a borrower is experiencing (or is likely to experience) financial difficulty and whether a concession has been granted is subjective in nature and management’s judgment is required when determining whether a modification is a TDR. Although each occurrence is unique to the borrower and is evaluated separately, for all portfolio segments, TDRs are typically modified through reductions in interest rates, reductions in payments, changing the payment terms from principal and interest to interest only, and/or extensions in term maturity. During the quarter ended March 31, 2016, one loan was modified in a troubled debt restructuring. During the quarter ended March 31, 2015, no loans were modified in troubled debt restructurings. The principal balance outstanding relating to the loan at March 31, 2016, was $ 390 Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 Pre-modification Post-modification Rate recorded recorded 2016 (dollars in thousands) Number of loans modification Term extension investment investment Commercial real estate $ 1 $ - $ 353 $ 353 $ 390 Total $ 1 $ - $ 353 $ 353 $ 390 |