Significant Accounting Policies | 1. Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation and Description of Business The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Addus HomeCare Corporation ("Holdings") and its subsidiaries (together with Holdings, the "Company"). The Company operates as one reportable business segment and is a provider of comprehensive home and community based services that are primarily personal in nature, which are provided primarily in the home, and focused on the dual eligible (Medicare/Medicaid) population. The Company's services include personal care and assistance with activities of daily living, and adult day care. The Company's consumers are primarily persons who are at risk of hospitalization or institutionalization, such as the elderly, chronically ill and disabled. The Company's payor clients include federal, state and local governmental agencies, managed care organizations, commercial insurers and private individuals. The Company currently provides home and community based services to over 32 119 22 5 Discontinued Operations On February 7, 2013, subsidiaries of Holdings entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement with LHC Group, Inc. and certain of its subsidiaries (the "Home Health Purchase Agreement"). Pursuant to the Home Health Purchase Agreement, effective March 1, 2013, the purchasers acquired substantially all the assets of the Company's home health business in Arkansas, Nevada and South Carolina and 90 10 20 The Company's home health services were operated through licensed and Medicare certified offices that provided physical, occupational and speech therapy, as well as skilled nursing services to pediatric, adult infirm and elderly patients. Home health services were reimbursed from Medicare, Medicaid and Medicaid-waiver programs, commercial insurance and private payors. See Note 2 Discontinued Operations for additional information. Principles of Consolidation All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company's investment in entities with less than 20% ownership or in which the Company does not have the ability to influence the operations of the investee are being accounted for using the cost method and are included in investments in joint ventures. Revenue Recognition The Company generates net service revenues by providing services directly to consumers. The Company receives payments for providing services from federal, state and local governmental agencies, commercial insurers and private consumers. The Company's continuing operations, which include the results of operations previously included in its home and community segment and agencies in three states previously included in its home health segment, are principally provided based on authorized hours, determined by the relevant agency, at an hourly rate specified in agreements or fixed by legislation and recognized as revenues at the time services are rendered. Home and community based service revenues are reimbursed by state, local and other governmental programs which are partially funded by Medicaid or Medicaid waiver programs, with the remainder reimbursed through private duty and insurance programs. Laws and regulations governing the Medicaid and Medicare programs are complex and subject to interpretation. As a result, there is at least a reasonable possibility that recorded estimates may change in the near term. The Company believes that it is in compliance in all material respects with all applicable laws and regulations. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts The Company establishes its allowance for doubtful accounts to the extent it is probable that a portion or all of a particular account will not be collected. The Company estimates its provision for doubtful accounts primarily by aging receivables utilizing eight accounts is maintained at a level that the Company's management believes is sufficient to cover potential losses. However, actual collections could differ from the Company's estimates. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated over the estimated useful lives of the related assets by use of the straight-line method except for internally developed software which is amortized by the sum-of-years digits method. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. The estimated useful lives of the property and equipment are as follows: Computer equipment Furniture and equipment Transportation equipment Computer software Leasehold improvements 3 – 5 years 5 – 7 years 5 years 5 – 10 years Lesser of useful life or lease term, unless probability of lease renewal is likely Goodwill The Company's carrying value of goodwill is the residual of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired from various acquisitions including the acquisition of Addus HealthCare, Inc. ("Addus HealthCare"). In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 350, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets ," goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized. The Company tests goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis, as of October 1, or whenever potential impairment triggers occur, such as a significant change in business climate or regulatory changes that would indicate that an impairment may have occurred. The Company may use a qualitative test, known as "Step 0," or a two-step quantitative method to determine whether impairment has occurred. In Step 0, the Company can elect to perform an optional qualitative analysis and based on the results skip the two step analysis. In 2015, 2014 and 2013, the Company elected to implement Step 0 and was not required to conduct the remaining two step analysis. The results of the Company's Step 0 assessments indicated that it was more likely than not that the fair value of its reporting unit exceeded its carrying value and therefore the Company concluded that there were no impairments for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 or 2013. Intangible Assets The Company's identifiable intangible assets consist of customer and referral relationships, trade names, trademarks, state licenses and non-compete agreements. Amortization is computed using straight-line and accelerated methods based upon the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, which range from two twenty-five Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized using the estimated economic benefit method over the useful life and assessed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. The Company would recognize an impairment loss when the estimated future non-discounted cash flows associated with the intangible asset is less than the carrying value. An impairment change would then be recorded for the excess of the carrying value over the fair value. The Company estimates the fair value of these intangible assets using the income approach. No The income approach, which the Company uses to estimate the fair value of its intangible assets (other than goodwill), is dependent on a number of factors including estimates of future market growth and trends, forecasted revenue and costs, expected periods the assets will be utilized, appropriate discount rates and other variables. The Company bases its fair value estimates on assumptions the Company believes to be reasonable but which are unpredictable and inherently uncertain. Actual future results may differ from those estimates. The Company also has indefinite-lived intangible assets that are not subject to amortization expense such as certificates of need and licenses to conduct specific operations within geographic markets. The Company's management has concluded that certificates of need and licenses have indefinite lives, as management has determined that there are no legal, regulatory, contractual, economic or other factors that would limit the useful life of these intangible assets, and the Company intends to renew and operate the certificates of need and licenses indefinitely. The certificates of need and licenses are tested annually for impairment. No Debt Issuance Costs The Company amortizes debt issuance costs on a straight-line method over the term of the related debt. This method approximates the effective interest method. Workers' Compensation Program The Company's workers' compensation program has a $ 350 Interest Income Legislation enacted in Illinois entitles designated service program providers to receive a prompt payment interest penalty based on qualifying services approved for payment that remain unpaid after a designated period of time. As the amount and timing of the receipt of these payments are not certain, the interest income is recognized when received and reported in the statement of income as interest income. The Company received no prompt payment interest in 2015 and 2014 and $ 185.0 Interest Expense The Company's interest expense consists of interest costs on its credit facility, capital lease obligations and other debt instruments. Income Tax Expenses The Company accounts for income taxes under the provisions of ASC Topic 740, "Income Taxes." The objective of accounting for income taxes is to recognize the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year and deferred tax liabilities and assets for the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in its financial statements or tax returns. Deferred taxes, resulting from differences between the financial and tax basis of the Company's assets and liabilities, are also adjusted for changes in tax rates and tax laws when changes are enacted. ASC Topic 740 also requires that deferred tax assets be reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. ASC Topic 740, also prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement process for recording in the financial statements uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. In addition, ASC Topic 740 provides guidance on derecognition, classification, accounting in interim periods and disclosure requirements for uncertain tax positions. Stock-based Compensation The Company has two Stock Compensation ." Compensation expense is recognized on a graded method under the 2006 Plan and on a straight-line basis under the 2009 Plan over the vesting period of the awards based on the fair value of the options and restricted stock awards. Under the 2006 Plan, the Company historically used the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of its stock based payment awards, but beginning October 28, 2009 under its 2009 Plan it began using an enhanced Hull-White Trinomial model. The determination of the fair value of stock-based payments utilizing the Black-Scholes model and the Enhanced Hull-White Trinomial model is affected by Holdings' stock price and a number of assumptions, including expected volatility, risk-free interest rate, expected term, expected dividends yield, expected forfeiture rate, expected turn-over rate and the expected exercise multiple. Net Income Per Common Share Net income per common share, calculated on the treasury stock method, is based on the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. The Company's outstanding securities that may potentially dilute the common stock are stock options and restricted stock awards. Included in the Company's calculation for the year ended December 31, 2015 were 650.0 40.0 6.0 Included in the Company's calculation for the year ended December 31, 2014 were 684.0 146.0 14.0 Included in the Company's calculation for the year ended December 31, 2013 were 647.0 none 44.0 Estimates The financial statements are prepared by management in conformity with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("GAAP") and include estimated amounts and certain disclosures based on assumptions about future events. Accordingly, actual results could differ from those estimates. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company's financial instruments consist of cash, accounts receivable, payables and debt. The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of these instruments. The carrying value of the Company's long-term debt with variable interest rates approximates fair value based on instruments with similar terms. The Company applies fair value techniques on a non-recurring basis associated with valuing potential impairment losses related to goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets and also when determining the fair value of contingent considerations. To determine the fair value in these situations, the Company uses Level 3 inputs, such as discounted cash flows, or if available, what a market participant would pay on the measurement date. The Company utilizes the income approach to estimate the fair value of its intangible assets derived from acquisitions. At the date of acquisition, a contingent earn-out obligation is recorded at its fair value which is calculated as the present value of the Company's maximum obligation based on probability-weighed estimates of achievement of performance targets defined in the earn-out agreements. The Company reviews the fair valuation periodically and adjusts the fair value for any changes in the maximum earn-out obligation based on probability weighted estimates of achievement of certain performance targets defined in the earn-out agreements. In addition, discounted cash flows were used to estimate the fair value of the Company's investment in joint ventures. New Accounting Pronouncements In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) , which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue for which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The ASU will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in GAAP. In July 2015, the FASB agreed to defer the effective date of the standard from January 1, 2017, to January 1, 2018, with an option that permits companies to adopt the standard as early as the original effective date. Early application prior to the original effective date is not permitted. The standard permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. The Company is evaluating the effect that ASU 2014-09 will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. The Company has not yet selected a transition method nor has it determined the effect of the standard on its ongoing financial reporting. In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-03, Interest—Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs . The amendments in this ASU require that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability, consistent with debt discounts. The recognition and measurement guidance for debt issuance costs are not affected by the amendments in this ASU. ASU 2015-03 is effective for annual and interim periods beginning on or after December 15, 2015. In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-15, Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity's Ability to Continue as a Going Concern , which will explicitly require management to assess an entity's ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures in certain circumstances. Currently, there is no guidance in GAAP about management's responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an entity's ability to continue as a going concern or to provide related footnote disclosures. The amendments in this update provide that guidance. In doing so, the amendments should reduce diversity in the timing and content of footnote disclosures. The amendments require management to assess an entity's ability to continue as a going concern by incorporating and expanding upon certain principles that are currently in U.S. auditing standards. Specifically, the amendments (1) provide a definition of the term "substantial doubt", (2) require an evaluation every reporting period including interim periods, (3) provide principles for considering the mitigating effect of management's plans, (4) require certain disclosures when substantial doubt is alleviated as a result of consideration of management's plans, (5) require an express statement and other disclosures when substantial doubt is not alleviated and (6) require an assessment for a period of one year after the date that the financial statements are issued (or available to be issued). The amendments in this update are effective for the first annual period ending after December 15, 2016, and for annual periods and interim periods thereafter. Early application is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this update on its financial statements. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases. The new standard establishes a right-of-use ("ROU") model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of its pending adoption of the new standard on its consolidated financial statements. In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes, which simplifies the presentation of deferred income taxes by eliminating the need for entities to separate deferred income tax liabilities and assets into current and noncurrent amounts in a classified statement of financial position. This amendment is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact that ASU 2015-17 may have on its financial position and results of operations. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have an impact on the Company's financial position, results of operations or financial statement disclosures. Reclassification of Prior Period Balances Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts to conform to the current-year presentation. Previously, property and equipment acquired through certain capital lease obligations had been classified as borrowings on capital lease obligations under cash flows from financing activities and as a purchase of property and equipment under investing activities on the consolidated statements of cash flows. Because ASC 230-10-50-5 requires that for transactions that are part cash and part non-cash, only the cash portion shall be reported in the statement of cash flows, the Company revised the portion of the classification for which its lessor paid the vendors directly to instead be presented as a supplemental disclosure under non-cash investing and financing activities. |