8. Derivative financial instruments and Short positions | 8. Derivative financial instruments and Short positions The main risk factors associated to derivatives contracted are related to exchange rates, interest rates and stocks. To manage these and other market risk factors the Bank uses practices which include the measurement and follow up of the limit´s usage previously defined on internal committees, as well as the daily follow up of the portfolios values in risk, sensitivities and changes in the interest rate and exchange exposure, liquidity gaps, among other practices which allow the control and follow up on the main risk metrics that can affect the Bank´s position in the several markets which it acts. Based on this management model the Bank has accomplished its goal, using operations with derivatives, in optimize the relation risk/benefits even in situation with great volatility. The derivatives fair value is determined through quotation of market prices. The swaps contracts fair value is determined using discounted cash flow modeling techniques, reflecting suitable risk factors. The fair value of NDF and Future contracts are also determined based on the quotation of market prices for derivatives traded in specific chamber (i.e. stock Exchange for example) or using the same methodology applied for swap contracts. The fair value of options derivatives (call and put) is determined based on the mathematical models, such as Black & Scholes, using yield rates, implied volatilities and the fair value of the corresponding asset. The current market prices are used to price the volatilities. For the derivatives which do not have prices directly disclosed by specific chamber, their fair values are obtained through pricing models which use market information, based on disclosed prices of more liquid assets. Interest rate curves and market volatilities are extracted from theses prices to be used as first input in these models. a) Trading and hedging derivatives a.1) Derivatives Portfolio Summary of Trading and Hedging Derivatives 2020 2019 2018 Assets Swap Differentials Receivable 14,729,642 14,634,863 14,640,289 Option Premiums to Exercise 4,974,618 1,065,753 716,936 Forward Contracts and Others 9,166,361 4,745,101 3,006,221 Total 28,870,621 20,445,717 18,363,446 Liabilities Swap Differentials Payable 18,327,611 16,458,397 15,952,283 Option Premiums Launched 4,926,994 1,699,729 563,787 Forward Contracts and Others 8,725,333 4,271,852 1,950,765 Total 31,979,938 22,429,978 18,466,835 Summary by Category 2020 2019 2018 Notional Fair Value Notional (1) Fair Value Notional (1) Fair Value Swap 398,925,842 (3,597,969) (1,823,534) (1,431,110) Assets 278,752,387 14,729,642 282,164,189 147,010,930 177,233,869 44,487,274 CDI (Interbank Deposit Rates) 41,316,315 3,010,880 40,550,627 16,908,791 36,135,015 24,267,591 Fixed Interest Rate - Real 54,159,848 9,607,342 47,140,927 - 47,968,999 - Indexed to Price and Interest Rates 5,124,411 - 2,388,118 - 2,581,215 - Foreign Currency 178,076,136 1,039,529 192,084,517 130,102,139 90,495,240 20,219,683 Others 75,676 1,071,891 - - 53,400 - Liabilities 120,173,455 (18,327,611) 279,803,610 (148,834,464) 176,385,349 (45,918,384) CDI (Interbank Deposit Rates) 33,239,801 (13,693,733) 24,353,405 - 11,801,600 - Fixed Interest Rate - Real 45,088,689 (2,772,479) 67,937,624 (24,079,732) 88,317,044 (23,075,374) Indexed to Price and Interest Rates 33,026,692 (450,958) 125,829,755 (123,445,067) 24,308,601 (21,775,017) Foreign Currency 6,636,885 153,695 60,394,529 - 50,748,008 - Others 2,181,388 (1,564,135) 1,288,297 (1,309,665) 1,210,096 (1,067,993) Options 2,043,286,085 47,624 1,446,536,133 (1,222,465) 335,073,080 153,149 Purchased Position 1,006,266,897 4,974,618 678,089,904 381,706 149,076,796 716,936 Call Option - US Dollar 1,188,387 39,202 171,871 (281) 14,518,058 239,079 Put Option - US Dollar 1,948,673 109,075 1,456,975 4,355 8,893,620 90,736 Call Option - Other 134,761,947 1,093,583 98,154,363 818,664 3,118,344 131,297 Interbank Market 101,421,659 556,039 98,154,363 819,262 639,488 4,537 Others (2) 33,340,288 537,544 - (598) 2,478,856 126,760 Put Option - Other 868,367,889 3,732,758 578,306,695 (441,032) 122,546,774 255,824 Interbank Market 864,852,555 3,729,297 578,306,695 (440,959) 121,782,816 217,726 Others (2) 3,515,334 3,461 - (73) 763,958 38,098 Sold Position 1,037,019,188 (4,926,994) 768,446,229 (1,604,171) 185,996,284 (563,787) Call Option - US Dollar 1,537,670 699,243 254,945 (1,472) 7,615,856 (101,034) Put Option - US Dollar 2,315,919 (192,335) 263,994 (2,842) 12,160,912 (169,431) Call Option - Other 130,919,394 (453,919) 174,166,802 (440,731) 31,679,919 (66,002) Interbank Market 120,156,285 (464,405) 174,166,802 (440,959) 29,609,298 (13,195) Others (2) 10,763,109 10,486 - 228 2,070,621 (52,807) Put Option - Other 902,246,206 (4,979,984) 593,760,488 (1,159,126) 134,539,597 (227,320) Interbank Market 869,328,317 (4,597,427) 593,760,488 (1,159,038) 133,703,672 (179,841) Others (2) 32,917,888 (382,557) - (88) 835,925 (47,479) Futures Contracts 270,258,566 - 433,873,180 - 289,508,200 - Purchased Position 110,275,866 - 72,912,029 - 86,203,734 - Exchange Coupon (DDI) 12,438,695 - 7,394,951 - 20,590,068 - Interest Rates (DI1 and DIA) 97,837,171 - 55,430,519 - 32,690,685 - Foreign Currency - - 9,978,419 - 32,456,813 - Indexes (3) - - - - 466,168 - Others - - 108,140 - - - Sold Position 159,982,699 - 360,961,151 - 203,304,466 - Exchange Coupon (DDI) 73,114,014 - 146,032,485 - 146,948,795 - Interest Rates (DI1 and DIA) 67,958,767 - 196,170,105 - 54,160,203 - Foreign Currency 18,653,658 - 17,305,604 - 1,992,574 - Indexes (3) 256,261 - 290,254 - 202,894 - Treasury Bonds/Notes - - 1,162,703 - - - Forward Contracts and Others 163,040,700 441,028 169,401,317 473,249 90,910,841 1,055,456 Purchased Commitment 96,309,648 9,166,361 79,970,842 426,991 38,666,269 1,303,561 Currencies 87,254,202 5,026,567 79,969,759 426,986 38,095,625 1,250,706 Others 9,055,447 4,139,794 1,083 5 570,644 52,855 Sold Commitment 66,731,052 (8,725,333) 89,430,475 46,258 52,244,572 (248,105) Currencies 64,986,757 (4,846,929) 89,426,698 46,170 51,958,529 (252,160) Others 1,744,295 (3,878,404) 3,777 88 286,043 4,055 (1) Nominal value of updated contracts. (2) Includes options of index, mainly being options involving US treasury, shares and stock indexes. (3) Includes Bovespa and S&P index. a.2) Derivatives Financial Instruments by Counterparty Notional 2020 Related Financial Customers Parties Institutions (1) Total "Swap" 40,241,232 97,784,443 140,726,712 278,752,387 Options 23,788,051 922,740 2,018,575,293 2,043,286,085 Futures Contracts 3,198,239 - 267,060,326 270,258,566 Forward Contracts and Others 67,837,797 49,447,532 45,755,371 163,040,700 (1) Includes trades with B3 S.A. and other securities and commodities exchanges. Notional 2019 2018 Related Financial Customers Parties Institutions (1) Total Total "Swap" 66,976,262 38,784,704 176,403,223 282,164,189 177,233,869 Options 17,041,979 154,903 1,429,326,073 1,446,522,955 335,073,080 Futures Contracts 1,430,470 - 432,442,712 433,873,182 289,508,200 Forward Contracts and Others 47,199,547 118,612,607 3,589,163 169,401,317 90,910,841 (1) Includes trades with B3 S.A. and other securities and commodities exchanges. a.3) Derivatives Financial Instruments by Maturity Notional 2020 Up to From 3 to Over 3 Months 12 Months 12 Months Total "Swap" 58,388,872 98,073,784 122,289,731 278,752,387 Options 931,156,902 572,661,800 539,467,382 2,043,286,084 Futures Contracts 181,521,486 36,328,390 52,408,689 270,258,566 Forward Contracts and Others 104,098,351 33,788,798 25,153,551 163,040,700 Notional 2019 2018 Up to From 3 to Over 3 Months 12 Months 12 Months Total Total "Swap" 58,298,876 106,268,113 117,597,200 282,164,189 177,233,869 Options 681,033,183 646,187,139 119,302,640 1,446,522,962 335,073,080 Futures Contracts 140,882,437 179,337,860 113,652,884 433,873,181 289,508,200 Forward Contracts and Others 91,779,011 50,070,366 27,551,940 169,401,317 90,910,841 a.4) Derivatives by Market Trading Notional Stock Exchange (1) Over the Counter 2020 Total "Swap" 82,122,957 196,629,429 278,752,387 Options 1,940,172,322 103,113,762 2,043,286,084 Futures Contracts 270,258,566 - 270,258,566 Forward Contracts and Others 25,182,494 137,858,206 163,040,700 (1) Includes trades with B3 S.A. Notional Stock Exchange (1) Over the Counter 2019 2018 Total Total "Swap" 150,179,790 131,984,399 282,164,189 177,233,869 Options 1,423,788,845 22,734,117 1,446,522,962 335,073,080 Futures Contracts 433,873,181 - 433,873,181 289,508,200 Forward Contracts and Others 42,651,980 126,749,337 169,401,317 90,910,841 a.5) Information on Credit Derivatives Banco Santander uses credit derivatives with the objectives of performing counterparty risk management and meeting its customers' demands, performing protection purchase and sale transactions through credit default swaps and total return swaps, primarily related to Brazilian sovereign risk securities. Total Return Swaps Credit derivatives are where the exchange of the return of the reference obligation occurs through a cash flow and where, in the event of a credit event, the protection buyer is usually entitled to receive from the protection seller the equivalent of the difference between the and the fair value (market value) of the reference obligation on the settlement date of the contract. Credit Default Swaps These are credit derivatives where, in the event of a credit event, the protection buyer is entitled to receive from the protection seller the equivalent of the difference between the face value of the CDS agreement and the fair value (market value) of the reference obligation on the settlement date of the contract. In return, the seller receives compensation for the sale of the protection. Below, the composition of the Credit Derivatives portfolio shown by its reference value and effect in the calculation of Required Stockholders' Equity. 2020 2019 2018 Nominal Value Nominal Value Nominal Value Nominal Value Nominal Value Nominal Value Retained Risk Transferred Risk - Retained Risk Transferred Risk - Retained Risk Transferred Risk - Total Rate of Return Swap Credit Swap Total Rate of Return Swap Credit Swap Total Rate of Return Swap Credit Swap Credit Swaps 3,483,628 519,670 2,435,880 - 1,959,128 416,541 Total 3,483,628 519,670 2,435,880 - 1,959,128 416,541 Value referring to the premium paid on CDS for use as collateral (transfer of risks) in the amount of R$1,506 (12/31/2019 – R$0). The effect in the Required Stockholder’s Equity of the risk received was R$6,985 (12/31/2019 – R$5,257). During the period, there was no occurrence of credit event related to the events generated by the contracts. 2020 2019 2018 Over Over Over Maximum Potential for Future Payments - Gross 12 Months Total 12 Months Total 12 Months Total Per Instrument CDS 4,003,298 4,003,298 2,435,880 2,435,880 1,959,128 1,959,128 Total 4,003,298 4,003,298 2,435,880 2,435,880 1,959,128 1,959,128 Per Risk Classification Below Investment Grade 4,003,298 4,003,298 2,435,880 2,435,880 1,959,128 1,959,128 Total 4,003,298 4,003,298 2,435,880 2,435,880 1,959,128 1,959,128 Per Reference Entity Brazilian Government 4,003,298 4,003,298 2,435,880 2,435,880 1,959,128 1,959,128 Total 4,003,298 4,003,298 2,435,880 2,435,880 1,959,128 1,959,128 a.6) Hedge Accounting There are three types of hedge accounting: Fair Value Hedge, Cash Flow Hedge and Foreing Currency Investments Hedge. The derivatives used as hedging instruments are represented as follows: a.6.i) Fair Value Hedge Banco Santander’s fair value hedging strategy consists of hedging the exposure to changes in fair value related to recognized assets and liabilities. The fair value strategy adopted by management segregates transactions by risk factor (e.g. Real/Dollar foreign exchange risk, fixed Reais interest rate risk, Dollar foreign exchange coupon risk, inflation risk, interest rate risk, etc.). The transactions generate exposures that are consolidated by risk factor and compared with internal pre-established limits. In order to hedge the changes of fair value in receivables and interest payments, Santander uses interest rate Swap contracts related to pre-fixed (pre define interest rate at inception) assets and liabilities. Banco Santander applies fair value hedge as follows: • Designates Foreign Currency + Coupon versus %CDI and Pre - Real Interest Rate or contracts dollar futures (DOL, DDI/DI) as derivatives instruments in Hedge Accounting structures, with foreign currency loan operations being the object of such transactions. • The Bank has a portfolio of credit assets denominated in US dollars at the fixed rate in the balance sheet of Santander EFC, whose operations are recorded in Euro. As a way of managing this mismatch, the Bank designates each Euro Floating Foreign Currency swap versus Fixed Dollar as the market risk hedge of the corresponding loan. • The Bank has a pre-fixed interest rate risk generated by government securities (NTN-F and LTN) in the Financial Assets portfolio measured through Other Comprehensive Income. To manage this mismatch, the entity contracts DI futures on the Stock Exchange and designates them as a derivative instrument in a hedge accounting framework. • The Bank has a risk to the IPCA (Broad pricing to consumers index) generated by debentures in the portfolio of securities available for sale. To manage this mismatch, it contracts IPCA (DAP) futures on the Stock Exchange and designates them as a derivative instrument in a Hedge Accounting structure. In order to assess the effectiveness and measure the ineffectiveness of the strategies, the institution complies with international accounting standard IAS 39, which requires that the effectiveness test be performed at the beginning (prospective test) of the hedge structure and be repeated periodically (prospective and retrospective tests) in order to demonstrate that the hedge ratio remains effective. To assess the effectiveness and measure the ineffectiveness of the strategies, the Bank follows IAS 39, which requires that the effectiveness test be performed at the beginning (prospective test) of the hedge structure, and repeated periodically (prospective and retrospective test) to demonstrate that the hedge relationship remains effective. a) Prospective test: a.1) The initial prospective test (at inception): a.2) The prospective periodic test: b) Retrospective test: In fair value hedges, gains or losses, both on hedge instruments and on hedged items (attributable to the type of risk being protected) are recognized directly in the consolidated income statement. 2020 2019 2018 Hedge Structure Effective Portion Accumulated Portion Ineffective Effective Portion Accumulated Portion Ineffective Effective Portion Accumulated Portion Ineffective Fair Value Hedge Brazilian Treasury Bonds (LTN, NTN-F) (2,183,841) - (2,853,807) - (1,381,156) - Bonds (LEA) - - (61,761) - (191,472) - Resolution 2770 - - (94) - 689 - Trade Finance Off (5,092) - (4,015) - (58,020) - Total (2,188,933) - (2,919,677) - (1,629,959) - 12/31/2020 Hedge Hedge Instruments Objects Curve Adjustment to Accounting Curve Adjustment to Accounting Strategies Value Market Value Value Value Market Value Value Future Contracts 46,649,331 - 46,649,331 42,529,036 2,802,690 45,331,727 Hedge of Securities 46,649,331 - 46,649,331 42,529,036 2,802,690 45,331,727 12/31/2019 Hedge Hedge Instruments Objects Curve Adjustment to Accounting Curve Adjustment to Accounting Strategies Value Market Value Value Value Market Value Value Swap Contracts 3,249,742 101,264 3,351,004 3,555,326 662,773 4,218,099 Credit Operations Hedge 1,118,210 28,993 1,147,202 1,423,809 63,231 1,487,040 Hedge of Securities 2,131,532 72,271 2,203,802 2,131,517 599,542 2,731,059 Future Contracts 789,631 - 789,631 45,427,125 3,000,490 48,427,614 Hedge of Securities 789,631 - 789,631 45,427,125 3,000,490 48,427,614 12/31/2018 Hedge Hedge Instruments Objects Curve Adjustment to Accounting Curve Adjustment to Accounting Strategies Value Market Value Value Value Market Value Value Swap Contracts 3,908,082 140,447 4,048,529 3,921,249 65,014 3,986,263 Credit Operations Hedge 1,152,249 115,180 1,267,429 1,166,387 50,668 1,217,055 Hedge of Securities 2,755,833 25,267 2,781,100 2,754,862 14,346 2,769,208 Future Contracts 41,286,091 - 41,286,091 44,130,671 (205,941) 43,924,730 Hedge of Securities 41,286,091 - 41,286,091 44,130,671 (205,941) 43,924,730 (*) The Bank has market risk hedge strategies, the objects of which are assets in its portfolio, which is why we demonstrate the passive edge of the respective instruments. For structures whose instruments are futures, we show the balance of the calculated daily adjustment, recorded in a clearing account. a.6.II) Cash Flow Hedge The Bank's cash flow hedge strategies consist of hedging exposure to changes in cash flows, interest payments and exchange rate exposure, which are attributable to changes in interest rates on recognized assets and liabilities and changes exchange rates for unrecognized assets and liabilities. The Bank applies the cash flow hedge as follows: • Enters into fixed-rate asset swaps and foreign currency liabilities and designates them as a hedging instrument in a Cash Flow Hedge structure, with the object of foreign currency loan operations negotiated with third parties through offshore agencies and securities Brazilian foreign debt held to maturity. • It contracts Dollar futures or DDI + DI futures (Synthetic Dollar Futures) and designates them as a protection instrument in a Cash Flow Hedge structure, having as object item the Bank's credit portfolio in Dollars and Promissory Notes in securities portfolio available for sale. • The Bank has a portfolio of assets indexed to the Euro and traded at offshore branches. In the transaction, the value of the asset in Euro will be converted to the Dollar by the rate of the exchange contract of the transaction. As from the conversion, the principal amount of the funding, already expressed in US dollars, will be adjusted by a floating or fixed rate. The assets will be covered with Swap Cross Currency in order to cross the risk in Euro for LIBOR + Coupon. To assess the effectiveness and measure the ineffectiveness of these strategies, Banco Santander follows IAS 39, which indicates that the effectiveness test must be carried out in the design/start of the hedge structure (prospective test) and repeated periodically (prospective and retrospective test) for demonstrate that the expectation of the hedge relationship remains effective (between 80 and 125%). In this hedge strategy, the effectiveness tests (prospective/retrospective) are conducted by comparing two proxies, one for the hedged object and the other for the instrument. The hedge object proxy is a “conceptual” swap, where the passive “tip” simulates the part of the Stable Portion to be protected and the active pre-fixed “tip” is identical to the set of futures designated as a hedge, being consistent with market rates practiced on the day the hedge is designated. The hedge instrument proxy is a “conceptual” swap, where the active “tip” is made up of the number of futures contracts designated as hedging, and the passive pre-fixed “tip” is the rate negotiated in the acquisition of these contracts. The proxy is stable throughout the strategy since the contracts are maintained until maturity. Any ineffectiveness is recognized in the income statement. a) Prospective Test: a.1) Periodic Prospective Test: a.2) Initial Prospective Test: b) Retrospective test: it must be performed monthly with historical data to demonstrate cumulatively that the hedge was effective, according to the methodology presented above. Any ineffectiveness is recognized in the income statement. The Ineffective portion is measured using the prospective hedge test and if identified recognized in the income statement in the line Gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities (net). Effectiveness should be between 80% and 125%. In cash flow hedges, the effective portion of the variation in the value of the hedge instrument is temporarily recognized in equity under the caption “Other comprehensive income - cash flow hedges” (Note 26) until the anticipated transactions occur, when this portion is recognized in the consolidated income statement, except if the anticipated transactions result in the recognition of non-financial assets or liabilities, this portion will be included in the cost of the financial asset or liability. The non-effective portion of the variation in the value of foreign exchange hedge derivatives is recognized directly in the consolidated income statement. And the ineffective portion of the gains and losses on cash flow hedge instruments in an operation abroad is recognized directly in “Gains (losses) on financial assets and liabilities (net)” in the consolidated statements of income. 2020 2019 2018 Hedge Structure Effective Portion Accumulated Portion Ineffective Effective Portion Accumulated Portion Ineffective Effective Portion Accumulated Portion Ineffective Cash Flow Hedge Eurobonds 14,666 - (6,074) - (8,925) - Trade Finance Off 58,088 - 139,852 - (16,453) (3,981) Government Securities (LFT) 727,437 - 503,665 - 331,922 - Bank Deposit Certificate - CDB - - - - 1,225 - Total 800,190 - 637,443 - 307,769 (3,981) 12/31/2020 Hedge Instruments Hedge Object Accounting Adjustment to Market Accounting Strategies Value - liability Market Value Value Value Swap Contracts 1,428,053 1,428,053 1,302,666 1,302,666 Hedge of Securities 1,428,053 1,428,053 1,302,666 1,302,666 Future Contracts 19,500,234 19,500,234 23,447,934 23,447,934 Hedge of Securities 19,500,234 19,500,234 23,447,934 23,447,934 12/31/2019 Hedge Instruments Hedge Object Accounting Adjustment to Market Accounting Strategies Value - liability Market Value Value Value Swap Contracts 1,361,658 35,110 1,396,768 1,324,685 Credit Operations Hedge 435,872 (3,494) 432,378 399,831 Hedge of Securities 925,786 38,604 964,390 924,854 Future Contracts 54,460,972 - 54,460,972 7,726,566 Credit Operations Hedge (1) 50,975,253 - 50,975,253 4,506,878 Hedge of Securities 3,485,719 - 3,485,719 3,219,688 12/31/2018 Hedge Instruments Hedge Object Accounting Adjustment to Market Accounting Strategies Value - liability Market Value Value Value Swap Contracts 2,227,004 (24,206) 2,202,798 2,423,678 Credit Operations Hedge 1,032,283 68,730 1,101,012 1,198,921 Hedge of Securities 1,194,721 (92,936) 1,101,786 1,224,757 Future Contracts 44,541,939 - 44,541,939 17,224,115 Credit Operations Hedge (1) 44,000,952 - 44,000,952 16,910,915 Hedge of Securities 540,987 - 540,987 313,200 (*) The Bank has cash flow hedge strategies, the objects of which are assets in its portfolio, which is why we have shown the liability side of the respective instruments. For structures whose instruments are futures, we show the notional's balance, recorded in a clearing account. In Consolidated, the mark-to-market effect of swap and future asset contracts corresponds to a credit in the amount of R$11,169 (12/31/2019 - R$11,063) and is recorded in equity, reduced tax effects, of which R$5,026 will be realized against revenue in the next twelve months. a.7) Derivative Financial Instruments - Margins Pledged as Guarantee The margin given in guarantee for transactions traded at B3 S.A. with its own and third party derivative financial instruments is composed of federal public securities. 2020 2019 2018 Financial Treasury Bills - LFT 4,363,666 5,342,992 7,552,926 National Treasury Bills - LTN 6,155,276 1,086,556 3,392,886 National Treasury Notes - NTN 2,814,274 660,918 873,134 Total 13,333,215 7,090,466 11,818,946 b) Short Positions As of December 31, 2020, the balance of short positions totaled R$ 45,807,946 (2019 - R$ 23,835,653 and 2018 - R$ 32,695,677) which includes the amount of financial liabilities resulting from the direct sale of financial assets purchased through resale or loan commitments. |