Loans Receivable | Loans Receivable On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326) - Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments ” using the modified retrospective transition approach. As a result, the Company was not required to adjust its comparative period financial information for effects of the standard or make the new required ASC 326 disclosures for periods before the date of adoption (i.e., January 1, 2020). The following table shows a summary of our loans receivable at amortized cost basis at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands): December 31, 2021 December 31, 2020 Originated Acquired Total Originated Acquired Total Personal Banking: Residential mortgage loans (1) $ 2,783,459 211,161 2,994,620 2,753,593 314,528 3,068,121 Home equity loans 1,107,202 212,729 1,319,931 1,175,703 292,033 1,467,736 Vehicle loans 1,384,246 99,985 1,484,231 995,040 157,633 1,152,673 Consumer loans 307,961 46,556 354,517 288,066 67,254 355,320 Total Personal Banking 5,582,868 570,431 6,153,299 5,212,402 831,448 6,043,850 Commercial Banking: Commercial real estate loans 2,202,027 423,454 2,625,481 2,223,108 624,873 2,847,981 Commercial real estate loans - owner occupied 321,253 68,750 390,003 344,016 153,892 497,908 Commercial loans 765,877 81,732 847,609 1,019,482 171,628 1,191,110 Total Commercial Banking 3,289,157 573,936 3,863,093 3,586,606 950,393 4,536,999 Total loans receivable, gross 8,872,025 1,144,367 10,016,392 8,799,008 1,781,841 10,580,849 Allowance for credit losses (86,750) (15,491) (102,241) (102,874) (31,553) (134,427) Total loans receivable, net (2) $ 8,785,275 1,128,876 9,914,151 8,696,134 1,750,288 10,446,422 (1) Includes $25.1 million and $58.8 million of loans held-for-sale at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. (2) Includes $62.8 million and $40.9 million of net unearned income, unamortized premiums and discounts and deferred fees and costs at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, we serviced loans for others approximating $1.622 billion, $1.516 billion, and $793.1 million, respectively. These loans serviced for others are not our assets and are not included in our financial statements. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, approximately 41% and 42%, respectively, of our loan portfolio was secured by properties located in Pennsylvania. We do not believe we have significant concentrations of credit risk to any one group of borrowers given our underwriting and collateral requirements. Loans receivable as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 include $3.277 billion and $3.690 billion, respectively, of adjustable rate loans and $6.739 billion and $6.840 billion, respectively, of fixed rate loans. The following table provides information related to the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment and by class of financing receivable for the year ended December 31, 2021 (in thousands): Balance as of December 31, 2021 Current Charge-offs Recoveries Balance as of December 31, 2020 Allowance for Credit Losses Personal Banking: Residential mortgage loans $ 7,373 2,844 (3,672) 935 7,266 Home equity loans 5,300 1,788 (3,380) 900 5,992 Vehicle loans 15,483 2,754 (4,632) 2,536 14,825 Consumer loans 2,884 3,070 (5,417) 2,360 2,871 Total Personal Banking 31,040 10,456 (17,101) 6,731 30,954 Commercial Banking: Commercial real estate loans 54,141 (15,496) (11,933) 2,189 79,381 Commercial real estate loans - owner occupied 3,883 (5,852) (890) 107 10,518 Commercial loans 13,177 (991) (4,213) 4,807 13,574 Total Commercial Banking 71,201 (22,339) (17,036) 7,103 103,473 Total $ 102,241 (11,883) (34,137) 13,834 134,427 Allowance for Credit Losses - Personal Banking: Residential mortgage loans $ 2 — — — 2 Home equity loans 39 4 — — 35 Total Personal Banking 41 4 — — 37 Commercial Banking: Commercial real estate loans 881 (2,568) — — 3,449 Commercial real estate loans - owner occupied 142 (184) — — 326 Commercial loans 1,394 (1,157) — — 2,551 Total Commercial Banking 2,417 (3,909) — — 6,326 Total off-balance-sheet exposure $ 2,458 (3,905) — — 6,363 The following table provides information related to the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment and by class of financing receivable for the year ended December 31, 2020 and includes the cumulative effect of adopting ASU 2016-13 (in thousands): Balance as of December 31, 2020 Current Charge-offs Recoveries Initial ACL Cumulative effect of ASU 2016-13* Balance as of December 31, 2019 Allowance for Credit Losses Personal Banking: Residential mortgage loans $ 7,266 (3,289) (917) 362 1,095 7,441 2,574 Home equity loans 5,992 (3,357) (608) 766 216 5,786 3,189 Vehicle loans 14,825 11,416 (6,827) 1,867 235 842 7,292 Consumer loans 2,871 4,126 (5,831) 1,542 157 (2,424) 5,301 Total Personal Banking 30,954 8,896 (14,183) 4,537 1,703 11,645 18,356 Commercial Banking: Commercial real estate loans 79,381 58,483 (4,240) 1,287 5,720 2,288 15,843 Commercial real estate loans - owner occupied 10,518 2,588 (83) 27 963 1,278 5,745 Commercial loans 13,574 14,008 (16,212) 1,741 459 (4,419) 17,997 Total Commercial Banking 103,473 75,079 (20,535) 3,055 7,142 (853) 39,585 Total $ 134,427 83,975 (34,718) 7,592 8,845 10,792 57,941 Allowance for Credit Losses - Personal Banking: Residential mortgage loans $ 2 2 — — — — — Home equity loans 35 5 — — — (293) 323 Consumer loans — — — — — (402) 402 Total Personal Banking 37 7 — — — (695) 725 Commercial Banking: Commercial real estate loans 3,449 1,438 — — — 1,934 77 Commercial real estate loans - owner occupied 326 235 — — — 88 3 Commercial loans 2,551 1,459 — — — 923 169 Total Commercial Banking 6,326 3,132 — — — 2,945 249 Total off-balance-sheet exposure $ 6,363 3,139 — — — 2,250 974 * Includes the impact of the initial allowance on PCD loans of $517,000. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we sold $50.0 million of loans that were classified as held-for-investment, for a gain of $1.3 million, which is reported in gain on sale of loans on the Consolidated Statements of Income. The following table provides information related to the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment and by class of financing receivable for the year ended December 31, 2019, prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-13 (in thousands): Balance as of December 31, 2019 Current Charge-offs Recoveries Balance as of December 31, 2018 Originated loans Personal Banking: Residential mortgage loans $ 2,463 (1,089) (935) 433 4,054 Home equity loans 2,830 46 (619) 219 3,184 Consumer loans 12,055 10,025 (11,537) 2,487 11,080 Total Personal Banking 17,348 8,982 (13,091) 3,139 18,318 Commercial Banking: Commercial real estate loans 17,292 (5,241) (5,078) 1,232 26,379 Commercial loans 16,799 12,449 (3,237) 533 7,054 Total Commercial Banking 34,091 7,208 (8,315) 1,765 33,433 Total originated loans 51,439 16,190 (21,406) 4,904 51,751 Acquired loans Personal Banking: Residential mortgage loans 111 184 (231) 75 83 Home equity loans 359 322 (502) 191 348 Consumer loans 538 156 (270) 233 419 Total Personal Banking 1,008 662 (1,003) 499 850 Commercial Banking: Commercial real estate loans 4,296 2,092 (389) 597 1,996 Commercial loans 1,198 3,715 (3,414) 280 617 Total Commercial Banking 5,494 5,807 (3,803) 877 2,613 Total acquired loans 6,502 6,469 (4,806) 1,376 3,463 Total $ 57,941 22,659 (26,212) 6,280 55,214 The following table provides information related to the loan portfolio by portfolio segment and by class of financing receivable at December 31, 2021 (in thousands): Total loans Allowance for Nonaccrual Loans 90 days past due and accruing TDRs Allowance Additional Personal Banking: Residential mortgage loans $ 2,994,620 7,373 10,402 — 6,749 1,442 — Home equity loans 1,319,931 5,300 5,758 — 1,781 718 — Vehicle loans 1,484,231 15,483 3,263 — — — — Consumer loans 354,517 2,884 675 331 — — — Total Personal Banking 6,153,299 31,040 20,098 331 8,530 2,160 — Commercial Banking: Commercial real estate loans 2,625,481 54,141 129,666 — 17,025 2,024 400 Commercial real estate loans - owner occupied 390,003 3,883 1,233 — 159 24 — Commercial loans 847,609 13,177 7,474 — 4,574 609 60 Total Commercial Banking 3,863,093 71,201 138,373 — 21,758 2,657 460 Total $ 10,016,392 102,241 158,471 331 30,288 4,817 460 (1) Includes $17.2 million of nonaccrual TDRs. The following table provides information related to the loan portfolio by portfolio segment and by class of financing receivable at December 31, 2020 (in thousands): Total loans Allowance for Nonaccrual Loans 90 days past due and accruing TDRs Allowance Additional Personal Banking: Residential mortgage loans $ 3,068,121 7,266 15,924 — 8,431 560 — Home equity loans 1,467,736 5,992 9,123 — 2,058 381 26 Vehicle loans 1,152,673 14,825 5,533 1 — — — Consumer loans 355,320 2,871 1,031 584 1 — — Total Personal Banking 6,043,850 30,954 31,611 585 10,490 941 26 Commercial Banking: Commercial real estate loans 2,847,981 79,381 44,092 — 18,430 787 471 Commercial real estate loans - owner occupied 497,908 10,518 3,642 — 761 123 — Commercial loans 1,191,110 13,574 23,487 — 2,454 165 362 Total Commercial Banking 4,536,999 103,473 71,221 — 21,645 1,075 833 Total $ 10,580,849 134,427 102,832 585 32,135 2,016 859 (1) Includes $10.7 million of nonaccrual TDRs. The following table presents the amortized cost of our loans on nonaccrual status as of the beginning and end of the year ended December 31, 2021 (in thousands): Nonaccrual December 31, 2021 Nonaccrual loans Nonaccrual Total Nonaccrual Loans 90 days Personal Banking: Residential mortgage loans $ 15,924 10,402 — 10,402 — Home equity loans 9,123 5,551 207 5,758 — Vehicle loans 5,533 3,251 12 3,263 — Consumer loans 1,031 674 1 675 331 Total Personal Banking 31,611 19,878 220 20,098 331 Commercial Banking: Commercial real estate loans 44,092 65,529 64,137 129,666 — Commercial real estate loans - owner occupied 3,642 1,233 — 1,233 — Commercial loans 23,487 3,941 3,533 7,474 — Total Commercial Banking 71,221 70,703 67,670 138,373 — Total $ 102,832 90,581 67,890 158,471 331 During the year ended December 31, 2021, we recognized $803,000 of interest income on nonaccrual and troubled debt restructuring loans. The following table presents the amortized cost of our loans on nonaccrual status as of the beginning and end of the year ended December 31, 2020, (in thousands): Nonaccrual loans at January 1, 2020 December 31, 2020 Nonaccrual loans with an allowance Nonaccrual loans with no allowance Total Nonaccrual Loans 90 days past and accruing Personal Banking: Residential mortgage loans $ 14,476 15,924 — 15,924 — Home equity loans 6,745 8,871 252 9,123 — Vehicle loans 3,147 5,377 156 5,533 1 Consumer loans 1,079 1,030 1 1,031 584 Total Personal Banking 25,447 31,202 409 31,611 585 Commercial Banking: Commercial real estate loans 18,832 27,079 17,013 44,092 — Commercial real estate loans - owner occupied 16,032 3,642 — 3,642 — Commercial loans 8,559 18,069 5,418 23,487 — Total Commercial Banking 43,423 48,790 22,431 71,221 — Total $ 68,870 79,992 22,840 102,832 585 During the year ended December 31, 2020, we recognized $842,000 of interest income on nonaccrual and troubled debt restructuring loans. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans by class of loans as of December 31, 2021 (in thousands): Real estate Equipment Other Total Personal Banking: Residential mortgage loans $ 580 — — 580 Home equity loans 99 — — 99 Total Personal Banking 679 — — 679 Commercial Banking: Commercial real estate loans 119,825 1,705 — 121,530 Commercial loans 3,973 1,926 — 5,899 Total Commercial Banking 123,798 3,631 — 127,429 Total $ 124,477 3,631 — 128,108 The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans by class of loans as of December 31, 2020 (in thousands): Real estate Equipment Other Total Personal Banking: Residential mortgage loans $ 1,269 — — 1,269 Home equity loans 99 — — 99 Total Personal Banking 1,368 — — 1,368 Commercial Banking: Commercial real estate loans 79,392 1,997 1,703 83,092 Commercial loans 3,313 197 11,069 14,579 Total Commercial Banking 82,705 2,194 12,772 97,671 Total $ 84,073 2,194 12,772 99,039 Our loan portfolios include loans that have been modified in a TDR, where concessions have been granted to borrowers who have experienced financial difficulties. These concessions typically result from our loss mitigation activities and could include: extending the note’s maturity date, permitting interest only payments, reducing the interest rate to a rate lower than current market rates for new debt with similar risk, reducing the principal payment, principal forbearance or other actions. These concessions are applicable to all loan segments and classes. Certain TDRs are classified as nonperforming at the time of restructuring and may be returned to performing status after considering the borrower’s sustained repayment performance for a period of at least six months. When we modify loans in a TDR, we evaluate any possible impairment similar to other impaired loans based on the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the contractual interest rate of the original loan agreement, the loan’s observable market price or the current fair value of the collateral, less selling costs, for collateral dependent loans. If we determine that the value of the modified loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan (net of previous charge-offs, deferred loan fees or costs and unamortized premiums or discounts), impairment is recognized through an allowance estimate or a charge-off to the allowance. In periods subsequent to modification, we evaluate all TDRs, including those that have payment defaults, for possible impairment in accordance with ASC 310-10. As a result, loans modified in a TDR may have the financial effect of increasing the specific allowance associated with the loan. Loans modified in a TDR are closely monitored for delinquency as an early indicator of possible future default. If loans modified in a TDR subsequently default, we evaluate the loan for possible further impairment. The allowance may be increased, adjustments may be made in the allocation of the allowance, partial charge-offs may be taken to further write-down the carrying value of the loan, or the loan may be charged-off completely. In March 2020 and August 2020, joint statements were issued by federal and state regulatory agencies, after consultation with the FASB, to clarify that short-term loan modifications are not TDRs if made on a good-faith basis in response to COVID-19 to borrowers who were current prior to any relief. Under this guidance, six months is provided as an example of short-term, and current is defined as less than 30 days past due at the time the modification program is implemented. The guidance also provides that these modified loans generally will not be classified as nonaccrual during the term of the modification. For borrowers who are 30 days or more past due when enrolling in a loan modification program related to the COVID-19 pandemic, we evaluate the loan modifications under our existing TDR framework, and where such a loan modification would result in a concession to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty, the loan will be accounted for as a TDR and will generally not accrue interest. The following table provides a roll forward of troubled debt restructurings for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands): For the years ended December 31, 2021 2020 Number of Amount Number of Amount Beginning TDR balance: 170 $ 32,135 176 $ 31,999 New TDRs 9 7,253 14 1,497 Re-modified TDRs 9 7,370 5 9,693 Net paydowns — (3,420) — (9,806) Charge-offs: Residential mortgage loans — — — — Home equity loans 1 (29) 1 (10) Vehicle loans — — — — Commercial real estate loans 2 (53) — — Commercial real estate loans - owner occupied 1 (105) — — Commercial loans 6 (170) — — Paid-off loans: Residential mortgage loans 10 (1,216) 2 (330) Home equity loans 6 (147) 5 (44) Vehicle loans — — — — Commercial real estate loans 11 (3,064) 3 (321) Commercial real estate loans - owner occupied 3 (198) 2 (324) Commercial loans 5 (698) 7 (219) Ending TDR balance: 134 $ 30,288 170 $ 32,135 Accruing TDRs $ 13,072 $ 21,431 Nonaccrual TDRs 17,216 10,704 The following tables provide information related to TDRs (including re-modified TDRs) by portfolio segment and by class of financing receivable during the periods indicated (in thousands): For the year ended December 31, 2021 Number of Recorded Current Current Personal Banking: Residential mortgage loans 1 $ 125 114 15 Home equity loans 3 155 34 34 Total Personal Banking 4 280 148 49 Commercial Banking: Commercial real estate loans 8 12,006 10,572 1,453 Commercial loans 6 4,147 3,903 451 Total Commercial Banking 14 16,153 14,475 1,904 Total 18 $ 16,433 14,623 1,953 For the year ended December 31, 2020 Number of Recorded Current Current Personal Banking: Residential mortgage loans 1 $ 90 88 5 Home equity loans 2 86 79 9 Total Personal Banking 3 176 167 14 Commercial Banking: Commercial real estate loans 9 7,365 7,615 311 Commercial real estate loans - owner occupied 1 58 48 8 Commercial loans 5 2,944 408 40 Total Commercial Banking 15 10,367 8,071 359 Total 18 $ 10,543 8,238 373 For the year ended December 31, 2019 Number of Recorded Current Current Personal Banking: Residential mortgage loans 3 $ 297 297 19 Home equity loans 5 171 165 12 Total Personal Banking 8 468 462 31 Commercial Banking: Commercial real estate loans 10 8,333 7,369 613 Commercial loans 4 221 192 21 Total Commercial Banking 14 8,554 7,561 634 Total 22 $ 9,022 8,023 665 The following table provides information as of December 31, 2021 for TDRs (including re-modified TDRs) by type of modification, by portfolio segment and class of financing receivable for modifications during the year ended December 31, 2021 (in thousands): Type of modification Number of contracts Rate Payment Maturity date Other Total Personal Banking: Residential mortgage loans 1 $ 114 — — — 114 Home equity loans 3 — 30 4 — 34 Total Personal Banking 4 114 30 4 — 148 Commercial Banking: Commercial real estate loans 8 2,077 — 8,424 71 10,572 Commercial loans 6 171 — 3,732 — 3,903 Total Commercial Banking 14 2,248 — 12,156 71 14,475 Total 18 $ 2,362 30 12,160 71 14,623 The following table provides information as of December 31, 2020 for TDRs (including re-modified TDRs) by type of modification, by portfolio segment and class of financing receivable for modifications during the year ended December 31, 2020 (in thousands): Type of modification Number of contracts Rate Payment Maturity date Other Total Personal Banking: Residential mortgage loans 1 $ — — 88 — 88 Home equity loans 2 65 — 14 — 79 Total Personal Banking 3 65 — 102 — 167 Commercial Banking: Commercial real estate loans 9 — — 7,335 280 7,615 Commercial real estate loans - owner occupied 1 — — 48 — 48 Commercial loans 5 — 111 217 80 408 Total Commercial Banking 15 — 111 7,600 360 8,071 Total 18 $ 65 111 7,702 360 8,238 The following table provides information as of December 31, 2019 for TDRs (including re-modified TDRs) by type of modification, by portfolio segment and class of financing receivable for modifications during the year ended December 31, 2019 (in thousands): Type of modification Number of contracts Rate Payment Maturity date Other Total Personal Banking: Residential mortgage loans 3 $ — — 297 — 297 Home equity loans 5 109 — 56 — 165 Total Personal Banking 8 109 — 353 — 462 Commercial Banking: Commercial real estate loans 10 — 2,541 4,828 — 7,369 Commercial loans 4 37 — 155 — 192 Total Commercial Banking 14 37 2,541 4,983 — 7,561 Total 22 $ 146 2,541 5,336 — 8,023 The following table provides information related to re-modified trouble debt restructurings by portfolio segment and class of financing receivable for modifications during the year ended December 31, 2021 (in thousands): Type of re-modification Number of Rate Payment Maturity date Other Total Personal Banking: Residential mortgage loans 1 $ 114 — — — 114 Home equity loans 1 — — — — — Total Personal Banking 2 114 — — — 114 Commercial Banking: Commercial real estate loans 7 2,077 — 5,108 71 7,256 Total Commercial Banking 7 2,077 — 5,108 71 7,256 Total 9 $ 2,191 — 5,108 71 7,370 The following table provides information related to re-modified trouble debt restructurings by portfolio segment and class of financing receivable for modifications during the year ended December 31, 2020 (in thousands): Type of re-modification Number of Rate Payment Maturity date Other Total Personal Banking: Residential mortgage loans — $ — — — — — Home equity loans — — — — — — Total Personal Banking — — — — — — Commercial Banking: Commercial real estate loans 3 — — 6,652 — 6,652 Commercial real estate loans - owner occupied 1 48 48 Commercial loans 1 — — — 80 80 Total Commercial Banking 5 — — 6,700 80 6,780 Total 5 $ — — 6,700 80 6,780 The following table provides information related to re-modified trouble debt restructurings by portfolio segment and class of financing receivable for modifications during the year ended December 31, 2019 (in thousands): Type of re-modification Number of Rate Payment Maturity date Other Total Personal Banking: Residential mortgage loans — $ — — — — — Home equity loans — — — — — — Total Personal Banking — — — — — — Commercial Banking: Commercial real estate loans 7 — 219 4,448 — 4,667 Commercial loans 1 — — 38 — 38 Total Commercial Banking 8 — 219 4,486 — 4,705 Total 8 $ — 219 4,486 — 4,705 The following table provides information related to troubled debt restructurings modified within the previous twelve months of December 31, 2021 that subsequently defaulted: Number of Recorded Current Current Commercial Banking: Commercial real estate loans 1 $ 4,167 3,823 — Total Commercial Banking 1 4,167 3,823 — Total 1 $ 4,167 3,823 — No TDRs modified within the previous twelve months of December 31, 2020 or December 31, 2019 subsequently defaulted. The following table provides information related to the amortized cost basis of loan payment delinquencies at December 31, 2021 (in thousands): 30-59 days 60-89 days 90 days or Total Current Total loans 90 days or Personal Banking: Residential mortgage loans $ 20,567 5,433 7,641 33,641 2,960,979 2,994,620 — Home equity loans 3,153 949 4,262 8,364 1,311,567 1,319,931 — Vehicle loans 5,331 1,487 1,635 8,453 1,475,778 1,484,231 — Consumer loans 1,205 519 765 2,489 352,028 354,517 331 Total Personal Banking 30,256 8,388 14,303 52,947 6,100,352 6,153,299 331 Commercial Banking: Commercial real estate loans 16,938 699 23,489 41,126 2,584,355 2,625,481 — Commercial real estate loans - owner occupied 127 70 574 771 389,232 390,003 — Commercial loans 193 727 1,105 2,025 845,584 847,609 — Total Commercial Banking 17,258 1,496 25,168 43,922 3,819,171 3,863,093 — Total loans $ 47,514 9,884 39,471 96,869 9,919,523 10,016,392 331 The following table provides information related to the amortized cost basis loan payment delinquencies at December 31, 2020 (in thousands): 30-59 days 60-89 days 90 days or Total Current Total loans 90 days or Personal Banking: Residential mortgage loans $ 28,797 5,083 14,489 48,369 3,019,752 3,068,121 — Home equity loans 4,763 1,656 8,441 14,860 1,452,876 1,467,736 — Vehicle loans 7,707 1,776 4,599 14,082 1,138,592 1,152,674 1 Consumer loans 2,867 966 1,459 5,292 350,027 355,319 584 Total Personal Banking 44,134 9,481 28,988 82,603 5,961,247 6,043,850 585 Commercial Banking: Commercial real estate loans 6,692 1,615 23,307 31,614 2,816,366 2,847,980 — Commercial real estate loans - owner occupied 4,231 — 1,980 6,211 491,698 497,909 — Commercial loans 6,405 864 7,325 14,594 1,176,516 1,191,110 — Total Commercial Banking 17,328 2,479 32,612 52,419 4,484,580 4,536,999 — Total loans $ 61,462 11,960 61,600 135,022 10,445,827 10,580,849 585 Credit Quality Indicators: For Commercial Banking loans we categorize loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. We analyze loans individually by classifying the loans by credit risk. Credit relationships greater than or equal to $1.0 million classified as special mention or substandard are reviewed quarterly for deterioration or improvement to determine if the loan is appropriately classified. We use the following definitions for risk ratings other than pass: Special Mention — Loans designated as special mention have specific, well-defined risk issues, which create a high level of uncertainty regarding the long-term viability of the business. Loans in this class are considered to have high-risk characteristics. A special mention loan exhibits material negative financial trends due to company-specific or systemic conditions. If these potential weaknesses are not mitigated, they threaten the borrower’s capacity to meet its debt obligations. Special mention loans still demonstrate sufficient financial flexibility to react to and positively address the root cause of the adverse financial trends without significant deviations from their current business strategy. Their potential weaknesses deserve our close attention and warrant enhanced monitoring. Substandard — Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and payment capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that we will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful — Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard. In addition, those weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable. A loan classified as doubtful exhibits discernible loss potential, but a complete loss seems very unlikely. The possibility of a loss on a doubtful loan is high, but because of certain important and reasonably specific pending factors that may strengthen the loan, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until a more exact status can be determined. Loss — Loans classified as loss are considered uncollectible and of such value that the continuance as a loan is not warranted. A loss classification does not mean that the loan has no recovery or salvage value; instead, it means that it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off all or a portion of a basically worthless loan even though partial recovery may be possible in the future. For Personal Banking loans a pass risk rating is maintained until they are greater than 90 days past due, and risk rating reclassification is based primarily on past due status of the loan. The risk rating categories can generally be described by the following groupings: Pass — Loans classified as pass are homogeneous loans that are less than 90 days past due from the required payment date at month-end. Substandard — Loans classified as substandard are homogeneous loans that are greater than 90 days past due from the required payment date at month-end, loans classified as TDRs, or homogenous retail loans that are greater than 180 days past due from the requirement payment date at month-end that has been written down to the value of underlying collateral, less costs to sell. Doubtful — Loans classified as doubtful are homogeneous loans that are greater than 180 days past due from the required payment date at month-end and not written down to the value of underlying collateral. These loans are generally charged-off in the month in which the 180 day period elapses. Based on the most recent analysis performed, the amortized cost basis by risk category of loans by class of loans by origination year is as follows as of December 31, 2021 (in thousands): 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Revolving loans Revolving loans converted to term loans Total loans Personal Banking: Residential mortgage loans Pass $ 644,862 602,429 304,275 156,639 171,240 1,098,635 — — 2,978,080 Substandard 138 489 377 538 882 14,116 — — 16,540 Total residential mortgage loans 645,000 602,918 304,652 157,177 172,122 1,112,751 — — 2,994,620 Home equity loans Pass 150,847 210,224 138,661 65,011 61,692 209,959 435,660 40,766 1,312,820 Substandard — — 441 60 455 3,820 1,275 1,060 7,111 Total home equity loans 150,847 210,224 139,102 65,071 62,147 213,779 436,935 41,826 1,319,931 Vehicle loans Pass 801,084 292,804 205,653 119,304 34,546 27,576 — — 1,480,967 Substandard 387 365 1,141 745 379 247 — — 3,264 Total vehicle loans 801,471 293,169 206,794 120,049 34,925 27,823 — — 1,484,231 Consumer loans Pass 117,856 81,266 47,195 20,595 9,794 12,202 63,025 1,578 353,511 Substandard 213 161 105 64 26 50 357 30 1,006 Total consumer loans 118,069 81,427 47,300 20,659 9,820 12,252 63,382 1,608 354,517 Total Personal Banking 1,715,387 1,187,738 697,848 362,956 279,014 1,366,605 500,317 43,434 6,153,299 Business Banking: Commercial real estate loans Pass 306,689 433,219 335,541 263,524 221,450 683,537 26,288 10,179 2,280,427 Special Mention 803 1,808 52,513 3,296 1,394 8,529 729 23 69,095 Substandard — 34,153 44,712 46,045 56,077 89,311 492 5,169 275,959 Total commercial real estate loans 307,492 469,180 432,766 312,865 278,921 781,377 27,509 15,371 2,625,481 Commercial real estate loans - owner occupied Pass 69,084 19,452 51,997 60,824 57,676 94,687 2,822 2,707 359,249 Special Mention — — — 769 1,959 1,444 856 — 5,028 Substandard — — 3,575 2,887 7,840 10,602 — 822 25,726 Total commercial real estate loans - owner occupied 69,084 19,452 55,572 64,480 67,475 106,733 3,678 3,529 390,003 Commercial loans Pass 224,367 110,171 73,276 27,668 20,748 76,987 262,805 12,301 808,323 Special Mention 197 661 812 1,195 50 581 2,234 — 5,730 Substandard 329 4,767 5,102 4,437 1,529 2,116 6,667 8,609 33,556 Total commercial loans 224,893 115,599 79,190 33,300 22,327 79,684 271,706 20,910 847,609 Total Business Banking 601,469 604,231 567,528 410,645 368,723 967,794 302,893 39,810 3,863,093 Total loans $ 2,316,856 1,791,969 1,265,376 773,601 647,737 2,334,399 803,210 83,244 10,016,392 For the year ended December 31, 2021, $27.3 million of revolving loans were converted to term loans. Based on the most recent analysis performed, the amortized cost basis by risk category of loans by class of loans by origination year is as follows as of December 31, 2020 (in thousands): 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Revolving loans Revolving loans converted to term loans Total loans receivable Personal Banking: Residential mortgage loans Pass $ 641,963 418,057 229,477 247,426 215,893 1,289,728 — — 3,042,544 Substandard — 68 1,293 1,674 1,091 21,451 — — 25,577 Total residential mortgage loans 641,963 418,125 230,770 249,100 216,984 1,311,179 — — 3,068,121 Home equity loans Pass 273,076 193,439 94,757 87,717 81,212 219,061 465,453 40,759 1,455,474 Substandard — 210 318 281 876 5,158 3,509 1,910 12,262 Total home equity loans 273,076 193,649 95,075 87,998 82,088 224,219 468,962 42,669 1,467,736 Vehicle loans Pass 448,746 352,661 218,372 70,122 31,197 24,791 — — 1,145,889 Substandard 343 1,958 2,087 1,210 667 519 — — 6,784 Total vehicle loans 449,089 354,619 220,459 71,332 31,864 25,310 — — 1,152,673 Consumer loans Pass 128,809 83,419 35,183 17,439 7,848 11,757 66,965 1,695 353,115 Substandard 133 399 139 192 36 619 686 1 2,205 Total consumer loans 128,942 83,818 35,322 17,631 7,884 12,376 67,651 1,696 355,320 Total Personal Banking 1,493,070 1,050,211 581,626 426,061 338,820 1,573,084 536,613 44,365 6,043,850 Business Banking: Commercial real estate loans Pass 417,390 473,115 316,045 264,702 195,168 709,459 36,980 29,755 2,442,614 Special Mention 584 3,381 20,180 24,675 15,424 15,817 597 3,048 83,706 Substandard 7,426 4,007 57,694 56,991 24,056 140,147 2,240 29,100 321,661 Total commercial real estate loans 425,400 480,503 393,919 346,368 234,648 865,423 39,817 61,903 2,847,981 Commercial real estate loans - owner occupied Pass 24,895 67,162 87,497 71,626 46,760 100,081 4,422 7,648 410,091 Special Mention — 4,371 4,514 3,643 4,276 3,689 3,822 — 24,315 Substandard — 21,627 1,903 12,898 4,013 21,777 874 410 63,502 Total commercial real estate loans - owner occupied 24,895 93,160 93,914 88,167 55,049 125,547 9,118 8,058 497,908 Commercial loans Pass 479,436 99,877 50,915 51,858 58,597 49,178 286,467 16,170 1,092,498 Special Mention 5,828 2,751 5,579 4,588 162 190 16,512 5,668 41,278 Substandard 1,660 3,343 2,932 2,016 2,266 3,003 27,988 14,126 57,334 Total commercial l |