Loans and Allowances for Loan Losses | Note 4. Loans and Allowances for Loan Losses The Bank and Southland provide mortgage, consumer, and commercial lending services to individuals and businesses primarily in the East Tennessee area. The Company’s loans consist of the following at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014: September 30, December 31, Mortgage loans on real estate: Residential 1-4 family $ 97,716,450 $ 89,126,412 Commercial real estate and multi-family 98,445,169 87,742,414 Construction and land 21,130,908 27,301,773 217,292,527 204,170,599 Commercial loans 15,834,782 14,363,545 Consumer and other 28,289,332 24,698,430 Total loans 261,416,641 243,232,574 Less: Allowance for loan losses (3,886,738 ) (3,914,848 ) Unearned interest and fees (477,514 ) (363,622 ) Net deferred loan origination fees (516,567 ) (395,715 ) Loans, net $ 256,535,822 $ 238,558,389 The following presents activity in the allowance for loan losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and the year ended December 31, 2014: September 30, December 31, Beginning balance $ 3,914,848 $ 4,432,069 Provision for loan losses 250,219 109,621 Loans charged-off (347,280 ) (696,602 ) Recoveries 68,951 69,760 Ending balance $ 3,886,738 $ 3,914,848 Loan impairment and any related valuation allowance is determined under the provisions established by ASC Topic 310. For all periods presented, impaired loans without a valuation allowance represent loans for which management believes that the collateral value of the loan is higher than the carrying value of that loan. The allocation of the allowance for loan losses and recorded investment in loans by portfolio segment are as follows: September 30, 2015 Commercial Residential Commercial Construction Consumer and Unallocated Total Specified reserves- impaired loans $ 20,095 $ 190,849 $ 91,489 $ 26,417 $ 59,945 $ — $ 388,795 General reserves 301,537 886,862 1,224,171 550,481 534,891 1 3,497,943 Total reserves $ 321,632 $ 1,077,711 $ 1,315,660 $ 576,898 $ 594,836 $ 1 $ 3,886,738 Impaired loans $ 1,755,796 $ 2,551,840 $ 467,586 $ 272,584 $ 313,087 $ — $ 5,360,893 Performing loans 14,078,986 95,164,610 97,977,583 20,858,324 27,976,245 — 256,055,748 Total $ 15,834,782 $ 97,716,450 $ 98,445,169 $ 21,130,908 $ 28,289,332 $ — $ 261,416,641 December 31, 2014 Commercial Residential Commercial Construction Consumer and Unallocated Total Specified reserves- impaired loans $ 42,724 $ 282,532 $ 94,743 $ 26,803 $ 57,293 $ — $ 504,095 General reserves 270,163 828,557 1,139,953 597,247 443,284 131,549 3,410,753 Total reserves $ 312,887 $ 1,111,089 $ 1,234,696 $ 624,050 $ 500,577 $ 131,549 $ 3,914,848 Impaired loans $ 1,794,552 $ 3,648,878 $ 487,519 $ 657,859 $ 369,708 $ — $ 6,958,516 Performing loans 12,568,993 85,477,534 87,254,895 26,643,914 24,328,722 — 236,274,058 Total $ 14,363,545 $ 89,126,412 $ 87,742,414 $ 27,301,773 $ 24,698,430 $ — $ 243,232,574 The following table details the changes in the allowance for loan losses from December 31, 2013 to September 30, 2015 by class of loan: Commercial Residential Commercial Construction Consumer Unallocated Total Balance, December 31, 2013 $ 331,938 $ 1,442,506 $ 1,108,958 $ 956,726 $ 530,557 $ 61,384 $ 4,432,069 Provision (reallocation) for loan losses (10,828 ) (291,330 ) 364,436 (156,990 ) 134,168 70,165 109,621 Loans charged-off (8,223 ) (43,999 ) (238,698 ) (175,686 ) (229,996 ) — (696,602 ) Recoveries — 3,912 — — 65,848 — 69,760 Balance, December 31, 2014 312,887 1,111,089 1,234,696 624,050 500,577 131,549 3,914,848 Provision (reallocation) for loan losses 8,745 2,605 81,201 116,983 172,233 (131,548 ) 250,219 Loans charged-off — (53,809 ) (237 ) (164,135 ) (129,099 ) — (347,280 ) Recoveries — 17,826 — — 51,125 — 68,951 Balance, September 30, 2015 $ 321,632 $ 1,077,711 $ 1,315,660 $ 576,898 $ 594,836 $ 1 $ 3,886,738 The following tables present loans individually evaluated for impairment by class of loans as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014: September 30, 2015 Commercial Residential Commercial Construction Consumer Total Impaired loans: Without a valuation allowance $ 23,320 $ 1,556,473 $ 215,656 $ 197,108 $ 54,206 $ 2,046,763 With a valuation allowance 1,732,476 995,367 251,930 75,476 258,881 3,314,130 Recorded investment in impaired loans $ 1,755,796 $ 2,551,840 $ 467,586 $ 272,584 $ 313,087 $ 5,360,893 Unpaid principal balance of impaired loans $ 1,795,644 $ 2,943,867 $ 476,586 $ 797,741 $ 313,087 $ 6,326,925 Valuation allowance related to impaired loans $ 20,095 $ 190,849 $ 91,489 $ 26,417 $ 59,945 $ 388,795 Average investment in impaired loans $ 1,776,355 $ 2,721,750 $ 477,621 $ 299,149 $ 313,689 $ 5,588,564 Interest income recognized on impaired loans $ 68,290 $ 99,758 $ 19,592 $ 7,813 $ 5,792 $ 201,245 December 31, 2014 Commercial Residential Commercial Construction Consumer Total Impaired loans: Without a valuation allowance $ 22,262 $ 2,734,578 $ 230,238 $ 581,279 $ 194,798 $ 3,763,155 With a valuation allowance 1,772,290 914,300 257,281 76,580 174,910 3,195,361 Recorded investment in impaired loans $ 1,794,552 $ 3,648,878 $ 487,519 $ 657,859 $ 369,708 $ 6,958,516 Unpaid principal balance of impaired loans $ 1,834,400 $ 4,040,905 $ 487,519 $ 1,183,016 $ 369,867 $ 7,915,707 Valuation allowance related to impaired loans $ 42,724 $ 282,532 $ 94,743 $ 26,803 $ 57,293 $ 504,095 Average investment in impaired loans $ 1,836,670 $ 4,233,405 $ 504,017 $ 950,946 $ 388,824 $ 7,913,862 Interest income recognized on impaired loans $ 95,095 $ 200,797 $ 27,397 $ 29,784 $ 15,076 $ 368,149 The following tables present an aging analysis of past due loans: September 30, 2015 30-89 Days 90 Days or Total Current Loans Total Loans Recorded ³ Residential 1-4 family $ 138,429 $ 823,100 $ 961,529 $ 96,754,921 $ 97,716,450 $ — Commercial real estate and multifamily — 78,177 78,177 98,366,992 98,445,169 — Construction and land 1,585,722 165,430 1,751,152 19,379,756 21,130,908 — Commercial 19,459 9,306 28,765 15,806,017 15,834,782 — Consumer and other 125,206 131,329 256,535 28,032,797 28,289,332 45,477 Total $ 1,868,816 $ 1,207,342 $ 3,076,158 $ 258,340,483 $ 261,416,641 $ 45,477 December 31, 2014 30-89 Days 90 Days or Total Current Loans Total Loans Recorded ³ Residential 1-4 family $ 1,177,389 $ 1,368,461 $ 2,545,850 $ 86,580,562 $ 89,126,412 $ — Commercial real estate and multifamily — 86,228 86,228 87,656,186 87,742,414 — Construction and land 33,790 525,591 559,381 26,742,392 27,301,773 — Commercial 14,448 — 14,448 14,349,097 14,363,545 — Consumer and other 98,598 202,722 301,320 24,397,110 24,698,430 12,335 Total $ 1,324,225 $ 2,183,002 $ 3,507,227 $ 239,725,347 $ 243,232,574 $ 12,335 Credit quality indicators: Federal regulations require the Company to review and classify its assets on a regular basis. There are three classifications for problem assets: substandard, doubtful, and loss. “Substandard assets” must have one or more defined weaknesses and are characterized by the distinct possibility that we will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. “Doubtful assets” have the weaknesses of substandard assets with the additional characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values questionable, and there is a high possibility of loss. An asset classified “loss” is considered uncollectible and of such little value that continuance as an asset of the institution is not warranted. The regulations also provide for a “special mention” category, described as assets which do not currently expose an institution to a sufficient degree of risk to warrant classification but do possess credit deficiencies or potential weaknesses deserving close attention. When the Company classifies an asset as substandard or doubtful, it may establish a specific allowance for loan losses. The following outlines the amount of each loan classification and the amount categorized into each risk rating class: September 30, 2015 Pass Special Substandard Doubtful Loss Total Residential 1-4 family $ 92,893,978 $ 2,270,632 $ 2,551,840 $ — $ — $ 97,716,450 Commercial real estate and multifamily 97,977,583 — 467,586 — — 98,445,169 Construction and land 19,235,188 1,623,136 272,584 — — 21,130,908 Commercial 14,069,758 9,228 1,755,796 — — 15,834,782 Consumer and other 27,721,307 254,938 313,087 — — 28,289,332 Total $ 251,897,814 $ 4,157,934 $ 5,360,893 $ — $ — $ 261,416,641 December 31, 2014 Pass Special Substandard Doubtful Loss Total Residential 1-4 family $ 83,606,922 $ 1,870,612 $ 3,648,878 $ — $ — $ 89,126,412 Commercial real estate and multifamily 87,254,895 — 487,519 — — 87,742,414 Construction and land 24,981,671 1,662,243 657,859 — — 27,301,773 Commercial 12,555,528 13,465 1,794,552 — — 14,363,545 Consumer and other 24,062,048 266,674 369,708 — — 24,698,430 Total $ 232,461,064 $ 3,812,994 $ 6,958,516 $ — $ — $ 243,232,574 A modification of a loan constitutes a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and the modification constitutes a concession. By granting the concession, the Company expects to increase the probability of collection by more than would be expected by not granting the concession. The Company’s determination of whether a modification is a TDR considers the facts and circumstances surrounding each respective modification. The following tables present information related to loans modified in a TDR: Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 Number Pre-Modification Post-Modification Residential 1-4 family — $ — $ — Commercial real estate and multifamily — — — Construction and land — — — Commercial — — — Consumer and other 1 3,059 3,059 1 $ 3,059 $ 3,059 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014 Number Pre-Modification Post-Modification Residential 1-4 family — $ — $ — Commercial real estate and multifamily — — — Construction and land — — — Commercial — — — Consumer and other 10 10,921 10,921 10 $ 10,921 $ 10,921 The following tables set forth loans modified in a TDR from October 1 through September 30, for each respective period, that subsequently defaulted (i.e., 60 days or more past due following a modification): Twelve Months Ended September 30, 2015 Number Of Outstanding Recorded Residential 1-4 family — $ — Commercial real estate and multifamily — — Construction and land — — Commercial — — Consumer and other — — — $ — Twelve Months Ended September 30, 2014 Number Of Outstanding Recorded Residential 1-4 family — $ — Commercial real estate and multifamily — — Construction and land — — Commercial — — Consumer and other 2 11,258 2 $ 11,258 |