Debt and Equity Securities | Note 4 – Debt and Equity Securities On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted updated accounting guidance that changed the impairment methodology for available-for-sale debt securities. Under the new guidance, when the fair value of an available-for-sale debt security falls below its amortized cost, entities must determine whether the decline in fair value is due to credit-related factors or noncredit-related factors. Declines in fair value that are credit-related are now recorded on the balance sheet through an allowance for credit losses with a corresponding adjustment to earnings and declines that are noncredit-related are recognized through other comprehensive income/loss. Investments in debt securities, classified as available-for-sale, are as follows: (in thousands) Amortized Allowance for credit losses (1) Gross unrealized Estimated Gains Losses September 30, 2020 U.S. Treasury bonds $ 111,183 $ — $ 890 $ (1 ) $ 112,072 Municipal bonds 1,036,502 — 67,396 (1,115 ) 1,102,783 Foreign government bonds 181,885 (111 ) 5,425 (215 ) 186,984 Governmental agency bonds 255,359 — 11,663 (170 ) 266,852 Governmental agency mortgage-backed securities 3,272,439 — 76,010 (2,112 ) 3,346,337 U.S. corporate debt securities 533,446 (496 ) 35,153 (1,428 ) 566,675 Foreign corporate debt securities 341,947 (214 ) 16,993 (1,205 ) 357,521 $ 5,732,761 $ (821 ) $ 213,530 $ (6,246 ) $ 5,939,224 December 31, 2019 U.S. Treasury bonds $ 143,825 $ — $ 469 $ (353 ) $ 143,941 Municipal bonds 1,043,252 — 47,804 (217 ) 1,090,839 Foreign government bonds 179,554 — 1,497 (961 ) 180,090 Governmental agency bonds 316,318 — 5,820 (219 ) 321,919 Governmental agency mortgage-backed securities 3,241,966 — 43,599 (7,307 ) 3,278,258 U.S. corporate debt securities 535,878 — 18,466 (972 ) 553,372 Foreign corporate debt securities 335,962 — 9,468 (213 ) 345,217 $ 5,796,755 $ — $ 127,123 $ (10,242 ) $ 5,913,636 (1) Reflects impairments resulting from credit-related factors, which are also included in net realized investment gains in the condensed consolidated statements of income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020. Sales of debt securities resulted in realized gains of $7.1 million and $16.4 million, realized losses of $0.4 million and $3.4 million, and proceeds of $200.1 million and $694.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, and realized gains of $3.3 million and $8.2 million, realized losses of $0.5 million and $5.2 million, and proceeds of $229.4 million and $852.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. Gross unrealized losses on investments in debt securities for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded, are as follows: Less than 12 months 12 months or longer Total (in thousands) Estimated fair value Unrealized losses Estimated fair value Unrealized losses Estimated fair value Unrealized losses September 30, 2020 U.S. Treasury bonds $ 56,635 $ (1 ) $ — $ — $ 56,635 $ (1 ) Municipal bonds 91,375 (1,115 ) — — 91,375 (1,115 ) Foreign government bonds 68,562 (215 ) — — 68,562 (215 ) Governmental agency bonds 12,372 (170 ) — — 12,372 (170 ) Governmental agency mortgage-backed securities 257,038 (1,601 ) 109,180 (511 ) 366,218 (2,112 ) U.S. corporate debt securities 59,593 (1,409 ) 1,551 (19 ) 61,144 (1,428 ) Foreign corporate debt securities 41,839 (1,193 ) 255 (12 ) 42,094 (1,205 ) $ 587,414 $ (5,704 ) $ 110,986 $ (542 ) $ 698,400 $ (6,246 ) December 31, 2019 U.S. Treasury bonds $ 12,507 $ (350 ) $ 3,193 $ (3 ) $ 15,700 $ (353 ) Municipal bonds 29,333 (207 ) 2,827 (10 ) 32,160 (217 ) Foreign government bonds 112,167 (934 ) 11,001 (27 ) 123,168 (961 ) Governmental agency bonds 24,493 (142 ) 14,923 (77 ) 39,416 (219 ) Governmental agency mortgage-backed securities 719,602 (2,785 ) 637,009 (4,522 ) 1,356,611 (7,307 ) U.S. corporate debt securities 42,607 (451 ) 10,216 (521 ) 52,823 (972 ) Foreign corporate debt securities 30,895 (108 ) 12,373 (105 ) 43,268 (213 ) $ 971,604 $ (4,977 ) $ 691,542 $ (5,265 ) $ 1,663,146 $ (10,242 ) Based on the Company’s review of its debt securities in an unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded, it determined that the losses were due to non-credit factors. As such, the Company does not consider these securities to be credit impaired at September 30, 2020. If the Company intends to sell a debt security in an unrealized loss position or determines that it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell a debt security before it recovers its amortized cost basis, the debt security is impaired and it is written down to fair value with all losses recognized in earnings. As of September 30, 2020, the Company did not intend to sell any debt securities in an unrealized loss position and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell any debt securities before recovery of their amortized cost basis. For debt securities in an unrealized loss position for which the Company does not intend to sell the debt security and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the debt security, the Company determines whether the loss is due to credit-related factors or noncredit-related factors. For debt securities in an unrealized loss position for which the losses are primarily due to credit-related factors, the Company’s policy is to recognize the entire loss in earnings. For debt securities in an unrealized loss position for which the losses are determined to be the result of both credit-related and noncredit-related factors, the credit loss is determined as the difference between the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected and the amortized cost basis of the debt security. The cash flows expected to be collected are discounted using the effective interest rate (i.e., purchase yield) and for variable rate securities the interest rate is fixed at the rate in effect at the credit loss measurement date. Expected future cash flows for debt securities are based on qualitative and quantitative factors specific to each security, including the probability of default and the estimated timing and amount of recovery. The detailed inputs used to project expected future cash flows may be different depending on the nature of the individual debt security. Activity in the allowance for credit losses on debt securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 is summarized as follows: (in thousands) Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended Balance at beginning of period $ (1,380 ) $ — Credit losses recognized during the period — (7,493 ) Net decreases to credit losses previously recognized 278 3,738 Reductions for securities sold 271 2,924 Reclassification to assets held for sale (1) 10 10 Balance at end of period $ (821 ) $ (821 ) (1) See Note 2 Disposition of the Property and Casualty Insurance Business for information on assets held for sale. In determining credit losses on its debt securities in an unrealized loss position, the Company considers certain factors that may include, among others, severity of the unrealized loss, security type, industry sector, credit rating, profitability and stock performance. The Company’s policy is to present accrued interest receivable on debt securities within accounts and accrued income receivable on the balance sheet. Accrued interest receivable on debt securities at September 30, 2020 totaled $26.4 million. The Company has elected to not measure an allowance for credit losses for accrued interest receivable on debt securities and maintains a policy that all receivables ninety days past due are written off as credit loss expense. Debt securities are placed on non-accrual status, and accrual of interest is discontinued, when management determines that collectibility of contractual amounts is not reasonably assured. Interest income is recognized on a cash basis for interest payments received on debt securities in non-accrual status. Investments in debt securities at September 30, 2020, by contractual maturities, are as follows: (in thousands) Due in one year or less Due after one through five years Due after five through ten years Due after ten years Total U.S. Treasury bonds Amortized cost $ 82,169 $ 25,321 $ 907 $ 2,786 $ 111,183 Estimated fair value $ 82,442 $ 25,755 $ 1,023 $ 2,852 $ 112,072 Municipal bonds Amortized cost $ 46,100 $ 111,450 $ 391,718 $ 487,234 $ 1,036,502 Estimated fair value $ 46,478 $ 115,646 $ 420,952 $ 519,707 $ 1,102,783 Foreign government bonds Amortized cost $ 48,951 $ 57,372 $ 60,917 $ 14,645 $ 181,885 Estimated fair value $ 48,975 $ 59,281 $ 62,930 $ 15,798 $ 186,984 Governmental agency bonds Amortized cost $ 20,045 $ 108,735 $ 71,939 $ 54,640 $ 255,359 Estimated fair value $ 20,197 $ 112,761 $ 74,429 $ 59,465 $ 266,852 U.S. corporate debt securities Amortized cost $ 9,704 $ 307,185 $ 145,883 $ 70,674 $ 533,446 Estimated fair value $ 9,771 $ 325,903 $ 154,727 $ 76,274 $ 566,675 Foreign corporate debt securities Amortized cost $ 11,204 $ 188,095 $ 99,704 $ 42,944 $ 341,947 Estimated fair value $ 11,281 $ 196,961 $ 105,032 $ 44,247 $ 357,521 Total debt securities excluding mortgage-backed securities Amortized cost $ 218,173 $ 798,158 $ 771,068 $ 672,923 $ 2,460,322 Estimated fair value $ 219,144 $ 836,307 $ 819,093 $ 718,343 $ 2,592,887 Total mortgage-backed securities Amortized cost $ 3,272,439 Estimated fair value $ 3,346,337 Total debt securities Amortized cost $ 5,732,761 Estimated fair value $ 5,939,224 Mortgage-backed securities, which include contractual terms to maturity, are not categorized by contractual maturity as borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with, or without, call or prepayment penalties. Investments in equity securities are as follows: (in thousands) Cost Estimated fair value September 30, 2020 Preferred stocks $ 21,335 $ 17,244 Common stocks 332,174 375,936 $ 353,509 $ 393,180 December 31, 2019 Preferred stocks $ 21,849 $ 18,094 Common stocks 328,110 374,224 $ 349,959 $ 392,318 Net gains (realized and unrealized) of $26.0 million and $2.6 million were recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, as a result of changes in the fair values of equity securities. Included in net gains during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 were net unrealized gains of $26.1 million and $2.4 million, respectively, related to equity securities still held at September 30, 2020. Net gains (realized and unrealized) of $0.2 million and $41.6 million were recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, as a result of changes in the fair values of equity securities. Included in net gains during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, were net unrealized losses of $1.5 million and net unrealized gains of $35.9 million, respectively, related to equity securities still held at September 30, 2019. The composition of the investment portfolio at September 30, 2020, by credit rating, is as follows: A- or higher BBB+ to BBB- Non-Investment Grade Total (in thousands, except percentages) Estimated fair value Percentage Estimated fair value Percentage Estimated fair value Percentage Estimated fair value Percentage Debt securities: U.S. Treasury bonds $ 112,072 100.0 $ — — $ — — $ 112,072 100.0 Municipal bonds 1,065,632 96.6 37,151 3.4 — — 1,102,783 100.0 Foreign government bonds 170,806 91.3 13,686 7.4 2,492 1.3 186,984 100.0 Governmental agency bonds 266,852 100.0 — — — — 266,852 100.0 Governmental agency mortgage-backed securities 3,346,337 100.0 — — — — 3,346,337 100.0 U.S. corporate debt securities 266,057 47.0 246,872 43.5 53,746 9.5 566,675 100.0 Foreign corporate debt securities 149,096 41.7 187,669 52.5 20,756 5.8 357,521 100.0 Total debt securities 5,376,852 90.5 485,378 8.2 76,994 1.3 5,939,224 100.0 Preferred stocks 44 0.3 16,063 93.1 1,137 6.6 17,244 100.0 Total $ 5,376,896 90.3 $ 501,441 8.4 $ 78,131 1.3 $ 5,956,468 100.0 Included in debt securities at September 30, 2020, were bank loans totaling $54.9 million, of which $51.5 million were non-investment grade; high yield corporate debt securities totaling $20.3 million, all of which were non-investment grade; and emerging market debt securities totaling $65.2 million, of which $5.2 million were non-investment grade. The composition of the debt securities portfolio in an unrealized loss position at September 30, 2020, by credit rating, is as follows: A- or higher BBB+ to BBB- Non-Investment Grade Total (in thousands, except percentages) Estimated fair value Percentage Estimated fair value Percentage Estimated fair value Percentage Estimated fair value Percentage U.S. Treasury bonds $ 56,635 100.0 $ — — $ — — $ 56,635 100.0 Municipal bonds 80,589 88.2 10,786 11.8 — — 91,375 100.0 Foreign government bonds 68,227 99.5 335 0.5 — — 68,562 100.0 Governmental agency bonds 12,372 100.0 — — — — 12,372 100.0 Governmental agency mortgage-backed securities 366,218 100.0 — — — — 366,218 100.0 U.S. corporate debt securities 13,148 21.5 8,436 13.8 39,560 64.7 61,144 100.0 Foreign corporate debt securities 18,845 44.8 12,222 29.0 11,027 26.2 42,094 100.0 Total $ 616,034 88.2 $ 31,779 4.6 $ 50,587 7.2 $ 698,400 100.0 Debt securities in an unrealized loss position at September 30, 2020, included bank loans totaling $48.5 million, of which $45.2 million were non-investment grade; high yield corporate debt securities totaling $4.2 million, all of which were non-investment grade; and emerging market debt securities totaling $3.9 million, of which $1.2 million were non-investment grade. The credit ratings in the above tables reflect published ratings obtained from globally recognized securities rating agencies. If a security was rated differently among the rating agencies, the lowest rating was selected. Governmental agency mortgage-backed securities are not rated by any of the ratings agencies; however, these securities have been included in the above table in the “A- or higher” rating category because the payments of principal and interest are guaranteed by the governmental agency that issued the security. |