ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES | NOTE 6: ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES The Company adopted CECL effective January 1, 2020 and as a result of this adoption, the Company’s ACL for the loan portfolio has two main components: a reserve for expected losses determined from the historical loss rates, adjusted for qualitative factors and current conditions and forecasted expected losses on the segments associated with the individual loan classes with similar risk characteristics, or general reserve, and a separate allowance representing the reserves assigned to individually evaluated loans that do not share similar risk characteristics with other loans, or specific reserves. The Company defines the loan class to be the grouping of the loan receivable based on risk characteristics and the method for monitoring and assessing credit risk, which is represented by the loan type or major category of loans. For specific reserves, loans identified as not sharing similar risk characteristics with other assets are individually evaluated for the net amount expected to be collected and reserves are determined for them outside of the general reserve computation. For loans individually evaluated, the Company utilizes various methods such as discounted cash flow analysis, appraisal valuation on collateral, among others, in the measurement of credit losses of the loan and need for any additional ACL. For the general reserve computation, the Company utilized an aged-based vintage model, or the Vintage model, based on the model’s ability to predict credit risks associated with the loan portfolio and capture the expected life of loan losses associated with each segment of loans. The Company primarily manages credit quality and determines credit risk of its loans based on the risk grade assigned to each individual loan within the loan class. See the risk grade discussion later in this footnote. The factors considered include: (i) the age of the loan; (ii) interest rate; (iii) loan size; (iv) payment structure; (v) term; (vi) loan to value; (vii) collateral type; (viii) geographical pattern; and (ix) industrial sector. The breakdown of the loan classes into portfolio segments was a judgement election based upon identified risk criteria. The Company has limited specific historical loss experience to directly tie to an attribute and thus the use of one factor over another is based on management’s perceived risk of the identified factor in combination with the data analyzed. After consideration of the factors previously discussed, the Company segmented the portfolio based on the identified risk characteristics present within each segment. These risk characteristics are determined based on various factors including call code, collateral types and loan terms. The Company believes that this segmentation best represents the portfolio segments at a level to develop the systematic methodology in the determination of the ACL. Historical net losses are used to calculate a historical loss rate for each vintage within each portfolio segment and then subjective adjustments for internal and external qualitative risk factors are applied to the historical loss rates to generate a total expected loss rate for each vintage within each portfolio segment. For portfolio segments of loans with no historical losses, the Company is using the weighted-average of its annual historical loss rates as a proxy loss rate floor, or specifically, for oil and gas and oil and gas real estate portfolio segments, historical average loss rate based on peer group data. There are multiple qualitative factors, both internal and external, that could impact the potential collectability of the underlying loans. The various internal As part of its assessment, the Company considers the need to adjust historical information to reflect the extent to which current conditions and forecasts differ from the conditions that existed for the period over which historical information was evaluated. The Company uses an economic forecast qualitative factor as noted above to adjust the expected loss rates for the effects of forecasted changes in the economy. The Company uses economic indicators and indexes including, but not limited to: (i) inflation indexes; (ii) unemployment rates; (iii) fluctuations of interest rates; (iv) economic growth; (v) government expenditures; (vi) gross domestic product indexes; (vii) productivity indicators; (viii) leading indexes; (ix) debt levels; and (x) narratives such as those supplied by the Federal Reserve’s beige book and Moody’s Analytics that provide information for determining an appropriate impact ratio for macro-economic conditions. The Company determined that a two-year forecast period provides a balance between the level of forecast periods reasonably available and forecast accuracy and choose to revert to historical levels immediately afterward as adjusted current loss history is the more relevant indicator of expected losses beyond the forecast period. The historical loss rates, adjusted for current conditions and forecasting assumptions, are multiplied by the respective loan’s amortized cost balances in each vintage within each segment to compute an estimated quantitative reserve for expected losses in the portfolio. The quantitative reserve for expected credit losses and the qualitative reserve for expected credit losses combined together make up the total estimated credit loss reserve. Loan amortized costs, as defined by GAAP, includes principal, deferred fees or costs associated with the loan, premiums, discounts and accrued interest. The Company made a policy election to exclude accrued interest and deferred fees and costs in the determination of an ACL. The Company continues its policy of reversing previously accrued interest when it has been deemed uncollectible. Loans held for sale are excluded from the computation of expected credit losses as they are carried at the lower of cost or market value. As part of the implementation of CECL, the Company changed its methodology for determining the ACL for loans. As a result of the adoption of CECL, the ratio of the ACL for loans to total loans increased from 0.96% at December 31, 2019 to 0.99% at January 1, 2020. At December 31, 2020, the ratio of the ACL for loans to total loans was 1.39%, reflecting the expected impact of COVID-19 and the sustained instability in the oil and gas industry during 2020 on the local and national economy and on current and forecasted expected credit losses. Additionally, the increase in adversely graded loans within the portfolio has resulted in an increase in the ACL related to those loans. The total of the Company’s qualitative and quantitative factors ranged from 0.67% to 2.42% at January 1, 2020 and ranged from 0.92% to 2.48% at December 31, 2020. All factors were reassessed on a quarterly basis during 2020. The review of the appropriateness of the ACL, which includes evaluation of historical loss trends, qualitative adjustments and forecasted economic conditions applied to general reserves, is performed by executive management and presented to the Board of Directors for its review on a quarterly basis as part of the Company’s interim and annual consolidated financial statements. The ACL at December 31, 2020, reflects the Company’s assessment based on the information available at the time. Prior to the adoption of CECL on January 1, 2020, the Company calculated an allowance for loan losses that represented an estimate of probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio. The Company utilized an incurred loss model that employed a systematic methodology for determining the allowance for loan losses consisting of two components: (i) a specific valuation based on probable losses on certain loans and (ii) a historical valuation allowance based on historical average loss experience for similar loans with similar characteristics and trends adjusted, as necessary, to reflect the impact of current conditions and other factors both internal and external to the Company. Risk Grading The methodology used by the Company in the determination of its ACL, which is performed at least on a quarterly basis, is designed to be responsive to changes in the credit quality of the loan portfolio as well as forecasted economic conditions. The credit quality of the loan portfolio is assessed through different processes. At origination, a risk grade is assigned to each loan based on underwriting procedures and criteria. The risk grades used are described below. The Company monitors the credit quality of the loan portfolio on an on-going basis by performing loan reviews, both internally and through a third-party vendor, on loans meeting certain risk and exposure criteria. Through these reviews, loans that require risk grade changes are approved by executive management. In addition, executive management reviews classified and criticized loans to assess changes in credit quality of the underlying loan, and when determined appropriate, based on individual evaluation, approve specific reserves. Pass Special Mention “special mention” Substandard “substandard” Credits in this category are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or the collateral pledged, if any. Often, the assets in this category will have a valuation allowance representative of management’s estimated loss that is probable to be incurred. Loans deemed substandard and on nonaccrual status are individually evaluated for expected credit losses. Doubtful “doubtful” Loss “loss” The Company had no loans graded “loss” or “doubtful” at December 31, 2020 and 2019. The loans by risk grades, loan class and year of origination, or vintage, at December 31, 2020 were as follows: (Dollars in thousands) 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Revolving Loans Converted Revolving Loans Total Commercial and industrial: Pass $ 349,697 $ 81,131 $ 46,973 $ 13,161 $ 8,349 $ 3,432 $ 214,160 $ 3,562 $ 720,465 Special mention — — 33 — — — 3,371 — 3,404 Substandard 1,001 2,633 6,177 15 20 2,021 779 6,442 19,088 Total commercial and industrial 350,698 83,764 53,183 13,176 8,369 5,453 218,310 10,004 742,957 Commercial real estate: Pass 262,072 210,954 196,630 138,424 68,468 84,453 30,020 9,482 1,000,503 Special mention — 1,224 — — — 1,390 — 4,905 7,519 Substandard — 11,532 9,599 476 1,059 1,985 9,325 — 33,976 Total commercial real estate 262,072 223,710 206,229 138,900 69,527 87,828 39,345 14,387 1,041,998 Construction and development: Pass 165,894 163,658 92,455 20,146 6,707 273 53,800 — 502,933 Substandard — 238 8,386 10,532 — 616 — — 19,772 Total construction and development 165,894 163,896 100,841 30,678 6,707 889 53,800 — 522,705 1-4 family residential: Pass 27,002 30,978 48,561 34,970 24,386 57,122 7,004 631 230,654 Special mention 1,548 — — — 1,617 — — — 3,165 Substandard — 534 1,211 1,571 15 1,215 — 1,507 6,053 Total 1-4 family residential 28,550 31,512 49,772 36,541 26,018 58,337 7,004 2,138 239,872 Multi-family residential: Pass 20,823 3,119 36,971 10,655 2,153 184,539 86 — 258,346 Total multi-family residential 20,823 3,119 36,971 10,655 2,153 184,539 86 — 258,346 Consumer: Pass 8,937 3,073 1,855 1,875 146 23 17,573 402 33,884 Total consumer 8,937 3,073 1,855 1,875 146 23 17,573 402 33,884 Agriculture: Pass 3,937 105 338 86 16 — 4,108 7 8,597 Substandard — — — — — 23 50 — 73 Total agriculture 3,937 105 338 86 16 23 4,158 7 8,670 Other: Pass 14,624 3,239 3,562 24 84 1,250 57,603 — 80,386 Substandard 1,211 — — — 1,232 — 5,409 — 7,852 Total other 15,835 3,239 3,562 24 1,316 1,250 63,012 — 88,238 Total Pass 852,986 496,257 427,345 219,341 110,309 331,092 384,354 14,084 2,835,768 Special mention 1,548 1,224 33 — 1,617 1,390 3,371 4,905 14,088 Substandard 2,212 14,937 25,373 12,594 2,326 5,860 15,563 7,949 86,814 Total $ 856,746 $ 512,418 $ 452,751 $ 231,935 $ 114,252 $ 338,342 $ 403,288 $ 26,938 $ 2,936,670 Loans by risk grades and loan class as of the dates shown below were as follows: (Dollars in thousands) Pass Special Mention Substandard Total Loans December 31, 2020 Commercial and industrial $ 720,465 $ 3,404 $ 19,088 $ 742,957 Real estate: Commercial real estate 1,000,503 7,519 33,976 1,041,998 Construction and development 502,933 — 19,772 522,705 1-4 family residential 230,654 3,165 6,053 239,872 Multi-family residential 258,346 — — 258,346 Consumer 33,884 — — 33,884 Agriculture 8,597 — 73 8,670 Other 80,386 — 7,852 88,238 Total loans $ 2,835,768 $ 14,088 $ 86,814 $ 2,936,670 (Dollars in thousands) Pass Special Mention Substandard Total Loans December 31, 2019 Commercial and industrial $ 513,417 $ 2,963 $ 11,227 $ 527,607 Real estate: Commercial real estate 876,207 18,570 5,969 900,746 Construction and development 515,247 12,565 — 527,812 1-4 family residential 274,731 594 4,867 280,192 Multi-family residential 277,209 — — 277,209 Consumer 36,566 — 216 36,782 Agriculture 9,733 50 29 9,812 Other 79,860 — 6,653 86,513 Total loans $ 2,582,970 $ 34,742 $ 28,961 $ 2,646,673 Loans individually evaluated and collectively evaluated as of the dates shown below were as follows: December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Individually Collectively Individually Collectively Evaluated Evaluated Total Evaluated Evaluated Total (Dollars in thousands) Loans Loans Loans Loans Loans Loans Commercial and industrial $ 15,928 $ 727,029 $ 742,957 $ 999 $ 526,608 $ 527,607 Real estate: Commercial real estate 18,768 1,023,230 1,041,998 1,404 899,342 900,746 Construction and development 12,886 509,819 522,705 — 527,812 527,812 1-4 family residential 2,210 237,662 239,872 3,651 276,541 280,192 Multi-family residential — 258,346 258,346 — 277,209 277,209 Consumer — 33,884 33,884 210 36,572 36,782 Agriculture — 8,670 8,670 — 9,812 9,812 Other 7,851 80,387 88,238 6,653 79,860 86,513 Total $ 57,643 $ 2,879,027 $ 2,936,670 $ 12,917 $ 2,633,756 $ 2,646,673 Activity in the ACL for loans, segregated by loan class, for the years indicated below was as follows: Real Estate Commercial Construction and Commercial and 1-4 Family Multi-family (Dollars in thousands) Industrial Real Estate Development Residential Residential Consumer Agriculture Other Total December 31, 2020 Beginning balance $ 7,671 $ 7,975 $ 4,446 $ 2,257 $ 1,699 $ 388 $ 74 $ 770 $ 25,280 Impact of CECL adoption 852 (140) 100 (275) 294 (25) 64 4 874 Provision (recapture) for credit losses for loans 4,432 5,979 1,543 666 520 175 (13) 4,772 18,074 Charge-offs (714) (163) — (71) — (112) — (3,500) (4,560) Recoveries 794 147 — 1 — 14 12 1 969 Net (charge-offs) recoveries 80 (16) — (70) — (98) 12 (3,499) (3,591) Ending balance $ 13,035 $ 13,798 $ 6,089 $ 2,578 $ 2,513 $ 440 $ 137 $ 2,047 $ 40,637 Period-end amount allocated to: Specific reserve $ 5,004 $ 323 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 206 $ 5,533 General reserve 8,031 13,475 6,089 2,578 2,513 440 137 1,841 35,104 Total $ 13,035 $ 13,798 $ 6,089 $ 2,578 $ 2,513 $ 440 $ 137 $ 2,047 $ 40,637 December 31, 2019 Beginning balance $ 7,719 $ 6,730 $ 4,298 $ 2,281 $ 1,511 $ 387 $ 62 $ 705 $ 23,693 Provision (recapture) for credit losses for loans 715 1,209 148 (15) 188 27 2 111 2,385 Charge-offs (1,252) (45) — (12) — (97) — (52) (1,458) Recoveries 489 81 — 3 — 71 10 6 660 Net (charge-offs) recoveries (763) 36 — (9) — (26) 10 (46) (798) Ending balance $ 7,671 $ 7,975 $ 4,446 $ 2,257 $ 1,699 $ 388 $ 74 $ 770 $ 25,280 Period-end amount allocated to: Specific reserve $ 416 $ — $ — $ 15 $ — $ — $ — $ 6 $ 437 General reserve 7,255 7,975 4,446 2,242 1,699 388 74 764 24,843 Total $ 7,671 $ 7,975 $ 4,446 $ 2,257 $ 1,699 $ 388 $ 74 $ 770 $ 25,280 December 31, 2018 Beginning balance $ 7,257 $ 10,375 $ 3,482 $ 1,326 $ 1,419 $ 566 $ 68 $ 285 $ 24,778 Provision (recapture) for credit losses for loans (347) (3,494) 817 953 92 (181) (16) 420 (1,756) Charge-offs (1,928) (171) (1) (4) — (1) — (3) (2,108) Recoveries 2,737 20 — 6 — 3 10 3 2,779 Net (charge-offs) recoveries 809 (151) (1) 2 — 2 10 — 671 Ending balance $ 7,719 $ 6,730 $ 4,298 $ 2,281 $ 1,511 $ 387 $ 62 $ 705 $ 23,693 Period-end amount allocated to: Specific reserve $ 525 $ 44 $ — $ 89 $ — $ — $ — $ 100 $ 758 General reserve 7,194 6,686 4,298 2,192 1,511 387 62 605 22,935 Total $ 7,719 $ 6,730 $ 4,298 $ 2,281 $ 1,511 $ 387 $ 62 $ 705 $ 23,693 December 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 (Dollars in thousands) Amount Percent Amount Percent Commercial and industrial $ 13,035 32.1 % $ 7,671 30.3 % Real estate: Commercial real estate 13,798 34.0 % 7,975 31.6 % Construction and development 6,089 15.0 % 4,446 17.6 % 1-4 family residential 2,578 6.3 % 2,257 8.9 % Multi-family residential 2,513 6.2 % 1,699 6.7 % Consumer 440 1.1 % 388 1.5 % Agriculture 137 0.3 % 74 0.3 % Other 2,047 5.0 % 770 3.1 % Total allowance for credit losses for loans $ 40,637 100.0 % $ 25,280 100.0 % Allocation of a portion of the ACL to one class of loans above does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other classes. The Company had no collateral dependent loans pending foreclosure at December 31, 2020. Charge-offs and recoveries by loan class and vintage for the year ended December 31, 2020 were as follows: (Dollars in thousands) 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Revolving Loans Converted Revolving Loans Total Commercial and industrial: Charge-off $ — $ (38) $ (57) $ (35) $ (42) $ — $ (542) $ — $ (714) Recovery — 3 170 46 29 326 220 — 794 Total commercial and industrial — (35) 113 11 (13) 326 (322) — 80 Commercial real estate: Charge-off — — — — — (163) — — (163) Recovery — — 2 — — 145 — — 147 Total commercial real estate loans — — 2 — — (18) — — (16) 1-4 family residential: Charge-off — (64) — — — (7) — — (71) Recovery — — — — — 1 — — 1 Total 1-4 family residential — (64) — — — (6) — — (70) Consumer: Charge-off — (3) (14) (95) — — — — (112) Recovery 5 2 6 — — 1 — — 14 Total consumer 5 (1) (8) (95) — 1 — — (98) Agriculture: Recovery — — — — 12 — — — 12 Total agriculture — — — — 12 — — — 12 Other: Charge-off — (3,500) — — — — — — (3,500) Recovery — — — 1 — — — — 1 Total other — (3,500) — 1 — — — — (3,499) Total: Charge-off — (3,605) (71) (130) (42) (170) (542) — (4,560) Recovery 5 5 178 47 41 473 220 — 969 Total $ 5 $ (3,600) $ 107 $ (83) $ (1) $ 303 $ (322) $ — $ (3,591) The recorded investment in impaired loans as of December 31, 2019, prior to the Company’s adoption of CECL was as follows: Unpaid Recorded Average Contractual Investment Recorded Total Recorded Principal with No Investment Recorded Related Investment (Dollars in thousands) Balance Allowance with Allowance Investment Allowance Year-to-Date December 31, 2019 Commercial and industrial $ 1,111 $ 300 $ 699 $ 999 $ 416 $ 2,452 Real estate: Commercial real estate 1,407 1,404 — 1,404 — 2,165 1-4 family residential 3,761 2,166 1,485 3,651 15 4,020 Consumer 210 210 — 210 — 128 Other 6,653 5,411 1,242 6,653 6 6,825 Total loans $ 13,142 $ 9,491 $ 3,426 $ 12,917 $ 437 $ 15,590 The Company has unfunded commitments, comprised of letters of credit and commitments to extend credit that are not unconditionally cancellable by the Company. See Note 16: Commitments and Contingencies and Financial Instruments with Off-Balance-Sheet Risk. Unfunded commitments have similar characteristics as funded loans based on segment type and their expected credit losses were determined using the Vintage model and established qualitative factors as well as consideration for historical and expected utilization levels. Activity in the ACL for unfunded commitments for the year ended December 31, 2020, was as follows: (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2020 Beginning balance $ 378 Impact of CECL adoption 2,981 Provision for credit losses for unfunded commitments 818 Ending balance $ 4,177 There was no provision for credit losses for unfunded commitments for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. |