ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES | NOTE 6: ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES The Company primarily manages credit quality and credit risk associated with its loan portfolio based on the risk grading assigned to each individual loan within the loan class. Each loan class is a grouping of loan receivables within the portfolio based on risk characteristics and the method for monitoring and assessing the associated credit risks. The Company’s ACL for the loan portfolio has two main components: (i) a reserve based on expected losses on loans with similar risk characteristics, or general reserve; and (ii) an ACL for individually evaluated loans that do not share similar risk characteristics with other loans, or specific reserve. To determine the specific ACL, the Company utilizes various methods including discounted cash flow analysis and appraisal valuation on collateral to determine any expected credit losses requiring an ACL. To estimate the general ACL, the Company utilizes an age-based vintage model, or the Vintage Model, where it has divided the loan portfolio into portfolio segments of loans with similar risk characteristics and further subdivided the portfolio segments by the age of the loan or vintage. The vintage of a loan is determined based on the credit decision date, which is defined as the more recent of the origination date or the last renewal date. The factors considered to determine portfolio segments include: (i) loan class or major category of loans based on call codes; (ii) vintage; (iii) interest rate; (iv) loan size; (v) payment structure or term; (vi) risk ratings; (vii) loan to value; (viii) collateral type; (ix) geographical pattern; and (x) industrial sector. The Company has limited specific historical loss experience to directly tie to an attribute and thus the use of one factor over another is based on management’s perceived risk of the identified factor in combination with the data analyzed. The Company believes that this segmentation best represents the portfolio segments at a level to develop the systematic methodology in the determination of the ACL. Historical loss rates are adjusted for internal and external qualitative risk factors to determine a total expected loss rate for each vintage within each portfolio segment. The various internal The Company excludes accrued interest and deferred fees and costs in the determination of an ACL and reverses previously accrued interest when it has been deemed uncollectible. Loans held for sale are excluded from the computation of expected credit losses as they are carried at the lower of cost or market value. At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the ratio of the ACL for loans to loans excluding loans held for sale was 1.41% and 1.39%, respectively. The ACL continues to reflect the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the sustained instability in the oil and gas industry on the local and national economy and on current and forecasted expected credit losses. At March 31, 2021, there were minimal adjustments to the qualitative factors utilized in calculating the ACL. The increase in the ACL from December 31, 2020 to March 31, 2021 The review of the appropriateness of the ACL, which includes evaluation of historical loss trends, qualitative adjustments and forecasted economic conditions applied to general reserves, is performed by executive management and presented to the Board of Directors for its review on a quarterly basis. The ACL at March 31, 2021, reflects the Company’s assessment based on the information available at that time. Risk Grading The credit quality of the loan portfolio is assessed through different processes. At origination, a risk grade is assigned to each loan based on underwriting procedures and criteria. The risk grades used are described below. The Company monitors the credit quality of the loan portfolio on an on-going basis by performing loan reviews, both internally and through a third-party vendor, on loans meeting certain risk and exposure criteria. Any risk grade changes determined based on these loan reviews, including those related to criticized and classified loans, and any changes to specific reserves related to individually evaluated loans are approved by executive management. Pass Special Mention “special mention” Substandard “substandard” Doubtful “doubtful” Loss “loss” The Company had no loans graded “loss” or “doubtful” at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020. The loans by risk grades, loan class and vintage, at March 31, 2021 were as follows: (Dollars in thousands) 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Revolving Loans Converted Revolving Loans Total Commercial and industrial: Pass $ 165,037 $ 223,735 $ 75,534 $ 42,431 $ 11,942 $ 10,078 $ 202,063 $ 3,810 $ 734,630 Special mention — — — 29 — — 3,144 — 3,173 Substandard — 1,000 2,332 5,980 10 2,083 1,168 6,331 18,904 Total commercial and industrial 165,037 224,735 77,866 48,440 11,952 12,161 206,375 10,141 756,707 Commercial real estate: Pass 43,076 245,780 222,588 202,685 135,414 133,357 37,718 4,556 1,025,174 Special mention — — 889 — — 154 4,721 — 5,764 Substandard — 1,334 11,475 14,867 371 2,278 11,000 — 41,325 Total commercial real estate 43,076 247,114 234,952 217,552 135,785 135,789 53,439 4,556 1,072,263 Construction and development: Pass 35,351 144,641 137,884 47,309 19,280 4,343 60,521 486 449,815 Substandard — — 236 3,042 10,382 616 — — 14,276 Total construction and development 35,351 144,641 138,120 50,351 29,662 4,959 60,521 486 464,091 1-4 family residential: Pass 5,098 23,698 33,598 41,763 31,356 75,089 5,972 625 217,199 Special mention — — — — — 1,571 — — 1,571 Substandard 83 1,548 529 996 293 1,155 — 1,506 6,110 Total 1-4 family residential 5,181 25,246 34,127 42,759 31,649 77,815 5,972 2,131 224,880 Multi-family residential: Pass 11,177 20,734 3,071 52,102 10,376 174,178 81 — 271,719 Total multi-family residential 11,177 20,734 3,071 52,102 10,376 174,178 81 — 271,719 Consumer: Pass 2,607 6,609 2,461 1,580 1,674 80 17,245 421 32,677 Substandard — — — — — — 90 — 90 Total consumer 2,607 6,609 2,461 1,580 1,674 80 17,335 421 32,767 Agriculture: Pass 385 1,791 60 134 78 13 4,254 192 6,907 Substandard — — — — — 22 45 — 67 Total agriculture 385 1,791 60 134 78 35 4,299 192 6,974 Other: Pass 6,319 9,950 1,979 2,835 20 1,300 49,724 — 72,127 Substandard — 1,037 — — — 1,223 — — 2,260 Total other 6,319 10,987 1,979 2,835 20 2,523 49,724 — 74,387 Total Pass 269,050 676,938 477,175 390,839 210,140 398,438 377,578 10,090 2,810,248 Special mention — — 889 29 — 1,725 7,865 — 10,508 Substandard 83 4,919 14,572 24,885 11,056 7,377 12,303 7,837 83,032 Total $ 269,133 $ 681,857 $ 492,636 $ 415,753 $ 221,196 $ 407,540 $ 397,746 $ 17,927 $ 2,903,788 The loans by risk grades, loan class and vintage, at December 31, 2020 were as follows: (Dollars in thousands) 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Revolving Loans Converted Revolving Loans Total Commercial and industrial: Pass $ 349,697 $ 81,131 $ 46,973 $ 13,161 $ 8,349 $ 3,432 $ 214,160 $ 3,562 $ 720,465 Special mention — — 33 — — — 3,371 — 3,404 Substandard 1,001 2,633 6,177 15 20 2,021 779 6,442 19,088 Total commercial and industrial 350,698 83,764 53,183 13,176 8,369 5,453 218,310 10,004 742,957 Commercial real estate: Pass 262,072 210,954 196,630 138,424 68,468 84,453 30,020 9,482 1,000,503 Special mention — 1,224 — — — 1,390 — 4,905 7,519 Substandard — 11,532 9,599 476 1,059 1,985 9,325 — 33,976 Total commercial real estate 262,072 223,710 206,229 138,900 69,527 87,828 39,345 14,387 1,041,998 Construction and development: Pass 165,894 163,658 92,455 20,146 6,707 273 53,800 — 502,933 Substandard — 238 8,386 10,532 — 616 — — 19,772 Total construction and development 165,894 163,896 100,841 30,678 6,707 889 53,800 — 522,705 1-4 family residential: Pass 27,002 30,978 48,561 34,970 24,386 57,122 7,004 631 230,654 Special mention 1,548 — — — 1,617 — — — 3,165 Substandard — 534 1,211 1,571 15 1,215 — 1,507 6,053 Total 1-4 family residential 28,550 31,512 49,772 36,541 26,018 58,337 7,004 2,138 239,872 Multi-family residential: Pass 20,823 3,119 36,971 10,655 2,153 184,539 86 — 258,346 Total multi-family residential 20,823 3,119 36,971 10,655 2,153 184,539 86 — 258,346 Consumer: Pass 8,937 3,073 1,855 1,875 146 23 17,573 402 33,884 Total consumer 8,937 3,073 1,855 1,875 146 23 17,573 402 33,884 Agriculture: Pass 3,937 105 338 86 16 — 4,108 7 8,597 Substandard — — — — — 23 50 — 73 Total agriculture 3,937 105 338 86 16 23 4,158 7 8,670 Other: Pass 14,624 3,239 3,562 24 84 1,250 57,603 — 80,386 Substandard 1,211 — — — 1,232 — 5,409 — 7,852 Total other 15,835 3,239 3,562 24 1,316 1,250 63,012 — 88,238 Total Pass 852,986 496,257 427,345 219,341 110,309 331,092 384,354 14,084 2,835,768 Special mention 1,548 1,224 33 — 1,617 1,390 3,371 4,905 14,088 Substandard 2,212 14,937 25,373 12,594 2,326 5,860 15,563 7,949 86,814 Total $ 856,746 $ 512,418 $ 452,751 $ 231,935 $ 114,252 $ 338,342 $ 403,288 $ 26,938 $ 2,936,670 Loans by risk grades and loan class as of the dates shown below were as follows: (Dollars in thousands) Pass Special Mention Substandard Total Loans March 31, 2021 Commercial and industrial $ 734,630 $ 3,173 $ 18,904 $ 756,707 Real estate: Commercial real estate 1,025,174 5,764 41,325 1,072,263 Construction and development 449,815 — 14,276 464,091 1-4 family residential 217,199 1,571 6,110 224,880 Multi-family residential 271,719 — — 271,719 Consumer 32,677 — 90 32,767 Agriculture 6,907 — 67 6,974 Other 72,127 — 2,260 74,387 Total loans $ 2,810,248 $ 10,508 $ 83,032 $ 2,903,788 December 31, 2020 Commercial and industrial $ 720,465 $ 3,404 $ 19,088 $ 742,957 Real estate: Commercial real estate 1,000,503 7,519 33,976 1,041,998 Construction and development 502,933 — 19,772 522,705 1-4 family residential 230,654 3,165 6,053 239,872 Multi-family residential 258,346 — — 258,346 Consumer 33,884 — — 33,884 Agriculture 8,597 — 73 8,670 Other 80,386 — 7,852 88,238 Total loans $ 2,835,768 $ 14,088 $ 86,814 $ 2,936,670 Loans individually evaluated and collectively evaluated as of the dates shown below were as follows: March 31, 2021 December 31, 2020 Individually Collectively Individually Collectively Evaluated Evaluated Total Evaluated Evaluated Total (Dollars in thousands) Loans Loans Loans Loans Loans Loans Commercial and industrial $ 15,513 $ 741,194 $ 756,707 $ 15,928 $ 727,029 $ 742,957 Real estate: Commercial real estate 17,929 1,054,334 1,072,263 18,768 1,023,230 1,041,998 Construction and development 12,734 451,357 464,091 12,886 509,819 522,705 1-4 family residential 3,528 221,352 224,880 2,210 237,662 239,872 Multi-family residential — 271,719 271,719 — 258,346 258,346 Consumer 90 32,677 32,767 — 33,884 33,884 Agriculture — 6,974 6,974 — 8,670 8,670 Other 2,259 72,128 74,387 7,851 80,387 88,238 Total $ 52,053 $ 2,851,735 $ 2,903,788 $ 57,643 $ 2,879,027 $ 2,936,670 Nonaccrual loans are included in individually evaluated loans and $10.8 million and $11.2 million of nonaccrual loans had no related ACL at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The Company had collateral dependent loans totaling $366,000 pending foreclosure at March 31, 2021. Activity in the ACL for loans, segregated by loan class for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, was as follows: Real Estate Commercial Construction and Commercial and 1-4 Family Multi-family (Dollars in thousands) Industrial Real Estate Development Residential Residential Consumer Agriculture Other Total March 31, 2021 Beginning balance $ 13,035 $ 13,798 $ 6,089 $ 2,578 $ 2,513 $ 440 $ 137 $ 2,047 $ 40,637 Provision (recapture) 872 482 (644) (120) 201 (10) (72) (423) 286 Charge-offs (309) — — — — — — — (309) Recoveries 214 — — — — 4 42 — 260 Net (charge-offs) recoveries (95) — — — — 4 42 — (49) Ending balance $ 13,812 $ 14,280 $ 5,445 $ 2,458 $ 2,714 $ 434 $ 107 $ 1,624 $ 40,874 Period-end amount allocated to: Specific reserve $ 5,476 $ 274 $ — $ — $ — $ 6 $ — $ $ 5,756 General reserve 8,336 14,006 5,445 2,458 2,714 428 107 1,624 35,118 Total $ 13,812 $ 14,280 $ 5,445 $ 2,458 $ 2,714 $ 434 $ 107 $ 1,624 $ 40,874 March 31, 2020 Beginning balance $ 7,671 $ 7,975 $ 4,446 $ 2,257 $ 1,699 $ 388 $ 74 $ 770 $ 25,280 Impact of CECL adoption 852 (140) 100 (275) 294 (25) 64 4 874 Provision (recapture) 614 1,741 1,249 447 420 213 (9) 64 4,739 Charge-offs (30) — — — — (103) — — (133) Recoveries 428 — — 1 — 4 — 1 434 Net (charge-offs) recoveries 398 — — 1 — (99) — 1 301 Ending balance $ 9,535 $ 9,576 $ 5,795 $ 2,430 $ 2,413 $ 477 $ 129 $ 839 $ 31,194 Period-end amount allocated to: Specific reserve $ 409 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 409 General reserve 9,126 9,576 5,795 2,430 2,413 477 129 839 30,785 Total $ 9,535 $ 9,576 $ 5,795 $ 2,430 $ 2,413 $ 477 $ 129 $ 839 $ 31,194 The ACL for loans by loan class as of the periods indicated was as follows: March 31, 2021 December 31, 2020 (Dollars in thousands) Amount Percent Amount Percent Commercial and industrial $ 13,812 33.8 % $ 13,035 32.1 % Real estate: Commercial real estate 14,280 34.9 % 13,798 34.0 % Construction and development 5,445 13.3 % 6,089 15.0 % 1-4 family residential 2,458 6.0 % 2,578 6.3 % Multi-family residential 2,714 6.6 % 2,513 6.2 % Consumer 434 1.1 % 440 1.1 % Agriculture 107 0.3 % 137 0.3 % Other 1,624 4.0 % 2,047 5.0 % Total allowance for credit losses for loans $ 40,874 100.0 % $ 40,637 100.0 % Loans excluding loans held for sale 2,891,632 2,924,117 Allowance for credit losses for loans excluding loans held for sale 1.41% 1.39% Allocation of a portion of the ACL to one class of loans above does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other classes. Charge-offs and recoveries by loan class and vintage for the three months ended March 31, 2021 were as follows: (Dollars in thousands) 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Revolving Loans Converted Revolving Loans Total Commercial and industrial: Charge-off $ — $ — $ (191) $ (74) $ — $ — $ (44) $ — $ (309) Recovery — — 1 13 33 158 9 — 214 Total commercial and industrial — — (190) (61) 33 158 (35) — (95) Consumer: Charge-off — — — — — — — — — Recovery 3 — 1 — — — — — 4 Total consumer 3 — 1 — — — — — 4 Agriculture: Recovery — — — — — 42 — — 42 Total agriculture — — — — — 42 — — 42 Total: Charge-off — — (191) (74) — — (44) — (309) Recovery 3 — 2 13 33 200 9 — 260 Total $ 3 $ — $ (189) $ (61) $ 33 $ 200 $ (35) $ — $ (49) Charge-offs and recoveries by loan class and vintage for the three months ended March 31, 2020 were as follows: (Dollars in thousands) 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Revolving Loans Total Commercial and industrial: Charge-off $ — $ — $ — $ (29) $ — $ — $ (1) $ (30) Recovery — 2 87 16 10 133 180 428 Total commercial and industrial — 2 87 (13) 10 133 179 398 1-4 family residential: Charge-off — — — — — — — — Recovery — — — — — 1 — 1 Total 1-4 family residential — — — — — 1 — 1 Consumer: Charge-off — — (8) (95) — — — (103) Recovery 3 — — — — 1 — 4 Total consumer 3 — (8) (95) — 1 — (99) Other: Charge-off — — — — — — — — Recovery — — — 1 — — — 1 Total other — — — 1 — — — 1 Total: Charge-off — — (8) (124) — — (1) (133) Recovery 3 2 87 17 10 135 180 434 Total $ 3 $ 2 $ 79 $ (107) $ 10 $ 135 $ 179 $ 301 The Company has unfunded commitments, comprised of letters of credit and commitments to extend credit that are not unconditionally cancellable by the Company. See Note 16: Commitments and Contingencies and Financial Instruments with Off-Balance-Sheet Risk. Unfunded commitments have similar characteristics as loans and their ACL was determined using the model and methodology for loans noted above as well as historical and expected utilization levels. Activity in the ACL for unfunded commitments for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, was as follows: March 31, (Dollars in thousands) 2021 2020 Beginning balance $ 4,177 $ 378 Impact of CECL adoption — 2,981 Provision for credit losses for unfunded commitments 126 310 Ending balance $ 4,303 $ 3,669 |