ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES | NOTE 6: ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES The Company primarily manages credit quality and credit risk associated with its loan portfolio based on the risk grading assigned to each individual loan within the loan class. Each loan class is a grouping of loan receivables within the portfolio based on risk characteristics and the method for monitoring and assessing the associated credit risks. Risk Grading The methodology used by the Company in the determination of its ACL, which is performed at least on a quarterly basis, is designed to be responsive to changes in the credit quality of the loan portfolio as well as forecasted economic conditions. The credit quality of the loan portfolio is assessed through different processes. At origination, a risk grade is assigned to each loan based on underwriting procedures and criteria. The risk grades used are described below. The Company monitors the credit quality of the loan portfolio on an on-going basis by performing loan reviews, both internally and through a third-party vendor, on loans meeting certain risk and exposure criteria. Through these reviews, loans that require risk grade changes are approved by executive management. In addition, executive management reviews classified and criticized loans to assess changes in credit quality of the underlying loan, and when determined appropriate, based on individual evaluation, approve specific reserves. Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Loss The Company had no loans graded loss or doubtful at March 31, 2022 or December 31, 2021. At March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the ratio of the ACL for loans to loans excluding loans held for sale was 1.09% and 1.09%, respectively. The ACL increased from $31.3 million at December 31, 2021 to $31.4 million at March 31, 2022, The total of the Company’s qualitative and quantitative factors ranged from 0.63% to 2.04% and 0.62% to 2.08% at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. All factors are reassessed at the end of each quarter. The review of the appropriateness of the ACL, which includes evaluation of historical loss trends, qualitative adjustments and forecasted economic conditions applied to general reserves, is performed by executive management and presented to the Board of Directors for its review on a quarterly basis. The ACL at March 31, 2022, reflects the Company’s assessment based on the information available at that time. Loans by risk grades, loan class and vintage, at March 31, 2022 were as follows: (Dollars in thousands) 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Revolving Loans Converted Revolving Loans Total Commercial and industrial: Pass $ 44,587 $ 176,013 $ 45,558 $ 49,416 $ 18,908 $ 11,813 $ 228,831 $ 4,861 $ 579,987 Special mention — — — — 10 — 2,924 — 2,934 Substandard — — 999 2,905 6,538 367 2,289 4,971 18,069 Total commercial and industrial 44,587 176,013 46,557 52,321 25,456 12,180 234,044 9,832 600,990 Commercial real estate: Pass 177,416 221,547 196,087 188,977 115,515 129,496 54,617 13,666 1,097,321 Special mention — — — 848 — 31 — — 879 Substandard — 52 2,926 12,764 14,449 3,543 — 10,712 44,446 Total commercial real estate 177,416 221,599 199,013 202,589 129,964 133,070 54,617 24,378 1,142,646 Construction and development: Pass 39,508 208,277 89,540 36,188 6,638 15,647 64,276 91 460,165 Special mention — — 468 — — — — — 468 Substandard — — 292 — 1,500 10,901 — — 12,693 Total construction and development 39,508 208,277 90,300 36,188 8,138 26,548 64,276 91 473,326 1-4 family residential: Pass 16,917 109,806 21,599 14,350 25,034 65,027 5,320 193 258,246 Substandard — — 1,548 504 898 515 — 1,502 4,967 Total 1-4 family residential 16,917 109,806 23,147 14,854 25,932 65,542 5,320 1,695 263,213 Multi-family residential: Pass 2,274 18,557 18,145 6,420 57,240 175,895 568 — 279,099 Total multi-family residential 2,274 18,557 18,145 6,420 57,240 175,895 568 — 279,099 Consumer: Pass 2,171 4,993 3,348 986 556 207 15,059 691 28,011 Substandard — — 38 — — — 81 100 219 Total consumer 2,171 4,993 3,386 986 556 207 15,140 791 28,230 Agriculture: Pass 523 1,213 394 33 53 32 3,784 189 6,221 Substandard — — — — — 17 49 — 66 Total agriculture 523 1,213 394 33 53 49 3,833 189 6,287 Other: Pass 7,874 31,941 2,986 620 1,480 1,194 49,053 39 95,187 Total other 7,874 31,941 2,986 620 1,480 1,194 49,053 39 95,187 Total Pass 291,270 772,347 377,657 296,990 225,424 399,311 421,508 19,730 2,804,237 Special mention — — 468 848 10 31 2,924 — 4,281 Substandard — 52 5,803 16,173 23,385 15,343 2,419 17,285 80,460 Total gross loans $ 291,270 $ 772,399 $ 383,928 $ 314,011 $ 248,819 $ 414,685 $ 426,851 $ 37,015 $ 2,888,978 Loans by risk grades, loan class and vintage, at December 31, 2021 were as follows: (Dollars in thousands) 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Revolving Loans Converted Revolving Loans Total Commercial and industrial: Pass $ 230,432 $ 53,744 $ 60,514 $ 21,059 $ 8,117 $ 5,533 $ 228,247 $ 5,773 $ 613,419 Special mention — — 290 15 — — 3,177 — 3,482 Substandard — 1,014 1,852 7,075 4 391 1,647 5,500 17,483 Total commercial and industrial 230,432 54,758 62,656 28,149 8,121 5,924 233,071 11,273 634,384 Commercial real estate: Pass 243,666 197,625 232,074 141,591 69,995 84,398 55,253 13,799 1,038,401 Special mention — — 859 7,934 — 62 — — 8,855 Substandard — 2,953 12,967 14,556 334 3,046 — 10,857 44,713 Total commercial real estate 243,666 200,578 245,900 164,081 70,329 87,506 55,253 24,656 1,091,969 Construction and development: Pass 197,900 99,420 54,017 7,127 16,133 142 72,698 96 447,533 Special mention — 470 — — — — — — 470 Substandard — 292 — 1,500 10,207 717 — — 12,716 Total construction and development 197,900 100,182 54,017 8,627 26,340 859 72,698 96 460,719 1-4 family residential: Pass 115,451 23,298 20,210 31,416 21,607 53,253 6,516 466 272,217 Substandard — 1,548 514 902 126 464 1,502 — 5,056 Total 1-4 family residential 115,451 24,846 20,724 32,318 21,733 53,717 8,018 466 277,273 Multi-family residential: Pass 16,744 18,236 6,473 58,750 9,784 167,033 9,376 — 286,396 Total multi-family residential 16,744 18,236 6,473 58,750 9,784 167,033 9,376 — 286,396 Consumer: Pass 6,427 3,637 1,199 714 277 11 14,921 679 27,865 Substandard — 40 — — — — 85 100 225 Total consumer 6,427 3,677 1,199 714 277 11 15,006 779 28,090 Agriculture: Pass 2,954 423 42 57 35 — 4,198 190 7,899 Substandard — — — — — 18 24 — 42 Total agriculture 2,954 423 42 57 35 18 4,222 190 7,941 Other: Pass 27,656 3,744 630 1,509 10 2,157 53,906 43 89,655 Total other 27,656 3,744 630 1,509 10 2,157 53,906 43 89,655 Total Pass 841,230 400,127 375,159 262,223 125,958 312,527 445,115 21,046 2,783,385 Special mention — 470 1,149 7,949 — 62 3,177 — 12,807 Substandard — 5,847 15,333 24,033 10,671 4,636 3,258 16,457 80,235 Total gross loans $ 841,230 $ 406,444 $ 391,641 $ 294,205 $ 136,629 $ 317,225 $ 451,550 $ 37,503 $ 2,876,427 Loans by risk grades and loan class as of the dates indicated below were as follows: (Dollars in thousands) Pass Special Mention Substandard Total Loans March 31, 2022 Commercial and industrial $ 579,987 $ 2,934 $ 18,069 $ 600,990 Real estate: Commercial real estate 1,097,321 879 44,446 1,142,646 Construction and development 460,165 468 12,693 473,326 1-4 family residential 258,246 — 4,967 263,213 Multi-family residential 279,099 — — 279,099 Consumer 28,011 — 219 28,230 Agriculture 6,221 — 66 6,287 Other 95,187 — — 95,187 Total gross loans $ 2,804,237 $ 4,281 $ 80,460 $ 2,888,978 December 31, 2021 Commercial and industrial $ 613,419 $ 3,482 $ 17,483 $ 634,384 Real estate: Commercial real estate 1,038,401 8,855 44,713 1,091,969 Construction and development 447,533 470 12,716 460,719 1-4 family residential 272,217 — 5,056 277,273 Multi-family residential 286,396 — — 286,396 Consumer 27,865 — 225 28,090 Agriculture 7,899 — 42 7,941 Other 89,655 — — 89,655 Total gross loans $ 2,783,385 $ 12,807 $ 80,235 $ 2,876,427 Loans individually evaluated and collectively evaluated as of the dates indicated below were as follows: March 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Individually Collectively Individually Collectively Evaluated Evaluated Total Evaluated Evaluated Total (Dollars in thousands) Loans Loans Loans Loans Loans Loans Commercial and industrial $ 16,452 $ 584,538 $ 600,990 $ 16,579 $ 617,805 $ 634,384 Real estate: Commercial real estate 19,266 1,123,380 1,142,646 21,057 1,070,912 1,091,969 Construction and development 12,693 460,633 473,326 12,716 448,003 460,719 1-4 family residential 3,324 259,889 263,213 3,355 273,918 277,273 Multi-family residential — 279,099 279,099 — 286,396 286,396 Consumer 119 28,111 28,230 125 27,965 28,090 Agriculture — 6,287 6,287 — 7,941 7,941 Other 2,151 93,036 95,187 5,440 84,215 89,655 Total gross loans $ 54,005 $ 2,834,973 $ 2,888,978 $ 59,272 $ 2,817,155 $ 2,876,427 The Company had collateral dependent loans totaling $1.5 million pending foreclosure at both March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. Activity in the ACL for loans, segregated by loan class for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, was as follows: Real Estate Commercial Construction and Commercial and 1-4 Family Multi-family (Dollars in thousands) Industrial Real Estate Development Residential Residential Consumer Agriculture Other Total March 31, 2022 Beginning balance $ 11,214 $ 11,015 $ 3,310 $ 2,105 $ 1,781 $ 406 $ 88 $ 1,426 $ 31,345 Provision (recapture) (383) 282 119 (81) (11) (5) (28) 127 20 Charge-offs — — — (2) — — — — (2) Recoveries 64 — — 3 — 2 10 — 79 Net recoveries 64 — — 1 — 2 10 — 77 Ending balance $ 10,895 $ 11,297 $ 3,429 $ 2,025 $ 1,770 $ 403 $ 70 $ 1,553 $ 31,442 Period-end amount allocated to: Specific reserve $ 3,686 $ 98 $ — $ — $ — $ 119 $ — $ — $ 3,903 General reserve 7,209 11,199 3,429 2,025 1,770 284 70 1,553 27,539 Total $ 10,895 $ 11,297 $ 3,429 $ 2,025 $ 1,770 $ 403 $ 70 $ 1,553 $ 31,442 March 31, 2021 Beginning balance $ 13,035 $ 13,798 $ 6,089 $ 2,578 $ 2,513 $ 440 $ 137 $ 2,047 $ 40,637 Provision (recapture) 872 482 (644) (120) 201 (10) (72) (423) 286 Charge-offs (309) — — — — — — — (309) Recoveries 214 — — — — 4 42 — 260 Net (charge-offs) recoveries (95) — — — — 4 42 — (49) Ending balance $ 13,812 $ 14,280 $ 5,445 $ 2,458 $ 2,714 $ 434 $ 107 $ 1,624 $ 40,874 Period-end amount allocated to: Specific reserve $ 5,476 $ 274 $ — $ — $ — $ 6 $ — $ — $ 5,756 General reserve 8,336 14,006 5,445 2,458 2,714 428 107 1,624 35,118 Total $ 13,812 $ 14,280 $ 5,445 $ 2,458 $ 2,714 $ 434 $ 107 $ 1,624 $ 40,874 The ACL for loans by loan class as of the dates indicated was as follows: March 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 (Dollars in thousands) Amount Percent Amount Percent Commercial and industrial $ 10,895 34.7 % $ 11,214 35.7 % Real estate: Commercial real estate 11,297 35.9 % 11,015 35.1 % Construction and development 3,429 10.9 % 3,310 10.6 % 1-4 family residential 2,025 6.4 % 2,105 6.7 % Multi-family residential 1,770 5.6 % 1,781 5.7 % Consumer 403 1.3 % 406 1.3 % Agriculture 70 0.3 % 88 0.3 % Other 1,553 4.9 % 1,426 4.6 % Total allowance for credit losses for loans $ 31,442 100.0 % $ 31,345 100.0 % Loans excluding loans held for sale 2,879,880 2,867,524 ACL for loans to loans excluding loans held for sale 1.09% 1.09% Allocation of a portion of the ACL to one class of loans above does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other classes. Nonaccrual loans are included in individually evaluated loans and $16.7 million and $16.0 million of nonaccrual loans had no related ACL at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Charge-offs and recoveries by loan class and vintage for the three months ended March 31, 2022 were as follows: (Dollars in thousands) 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Revolving Loans Converted Revolving Loans Total Commercial and industrial: Recovery $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 12 $ 20 $ 32 $ — $ 64 Total commercial and industrial — — — — 12 20 32 — 64 1-4 family residential: Charge-off — — — — (2) — — — (2) Recovery — — — — — 3 — — 3 Total 1-4 family residential — — — — (2) 3 — — 1 Consumer: Recovery 1 — — 1 — — — — 2 Total consumer 1 — — 1 — — — — 2 Agriculture: Recovery — — — — — 10 — — 10 Total agriculture — — — — — 10 — — 10 Total: Charge-off — — — — (2) — — — (2) Recovery 1 — — 1 12 33 32 — 79 Total $ 1 $ — $ — $ 1 $ 10 $ 33 $ 32 $ — $ 77 Charge-offs and recoveries by loan class and vintage for the three months ended March 31, 2021 were as follows: (Dollars in thousands) 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Revolving Loans Converted Revolving Loans Total Commercial and industrial: Charge-off $ — $ — $ (191) $ (74) $ — $ — $ (44) $ — $ (309) Recovery — — 1 13 33 158 9 — 214 Total commercial and industrial — — (190) (61) 33 158 (35) — (95) Consumer: Recovery 3 — 1 — — — — — 4 Total consumer 3 — 1 — — — — — 4 Agriculture: Recovery — — — — — 42 — — 42 Total agriculture — — — — — 42 — — 42 Total: Charge-off — — (191) (74) — — (44) — (309) Recovery 3 — 2 13 33 200 9 — 260 Total $ 3 $ — $ (189) $ (61) $ 33 $ 200 $ (35) $ — $ (49) The Company has unfunded commitments, comprised of letters of credit and commitments to extend credit that are not unconditionally cancellable by the Company. See Note 16: Commitments and Contingencies and Financial Instruments with Off-Balance-Sheet Risk. Unfunded commitments have similar characteristics as loans and their ACL was determined using the model and methodology for loans noted above as well as historical and expected utilization levels. Activity in the ACL for unfunded commitments for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, was as follows: March 31, (Dollars in thousands) 2022 2021 Beginning balance $ 3,266 $ 4,177 Provision 415 126 Ending balance $ 3,681 $ 4,303 |