ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES | NOTE 6: ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES The Company primarily manages credit quality and credit risk associated with its loan portfolio based on the risk grading assigned to each individual loan within the loan class. Each loan class is a grouping of loan receivables within the portfolio based on risk characteristics and the method for monitoring and assessing the associated credit risks. Risk Grading The methodology used by the Company in the determination of its ACL, which is performed at least on a quarterly basis, is designed to be responsive to changes in the credit quality of the loan portfolio as well as forecasted economic conditions. The credit quality of the loan portfolio is assessed through different processes. At origination, a risk grade is assigned to each loan based on underwriting procedures and criteria. The risk grades used are described below. The Company monitors the credit quality of the loan portfolio on an on-going basis by performing loan reviews, both internally and through a third-party vendor, on loans meeting certain risk and exposure criteria. Through these reviews, loans that require risk grade changes are approved by executive management. In addition, executive management reviews classified and criticized loans to assess changes in credit quality of the underlying loan, and when determined appropriate, based on individual evaluation, approve specific reserves. Pass Special Mention Substandard estimated loss that is probable to be incurred. Loans deemed substandard and on nonaccrual status are individually evaluated for expected credit losses. Doubtful Loss The Company had no loans graded loss or doubtful At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the ratio of the ACL for loans to loans excluding loans held for sale was 1.04% and 1.09%, respectively. The ACL increased from $31.3 million at December 31, 2021 to $32.6 million at September 30, 2022, The total of the Company’s qualitative and quantitative factors ranged from 0.64% to 1.92% and 0.62% to 2.08% at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. All factors are reassessed at the end of each quarter. The review of the appropriateness of the ACL, which includes evaluation of historical loss trends, qualitative adjustments and forecasted economic conditions applied to general reserves, is performed by executive management and presented to the Board of Directors for its review on a quarterly basis. The ACL at September 30, 2022, reflects the Company’s assessment based on the information available at that time. Loans by risk grades, loan class and vintage, at September 30, 2022 were as follows: (Dollars in thousands) 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Revolving Loans Converted Revolving Loans Total Commercial and industrial: Pass $ 97,529 $ 131,496 $ 29,688 $ 41,184 $ 15,542 $ 5,762 $ 210,724 $ 23,616 $ 555,541 Substandard — — — 2,745 3,585 300 1,540 4,360 12,530 Total commercial and industrial 97,529 131,496 29,688 43,929 19,127 6,062 212,264 27,976 568,071 Commercial real estate: Pass 409,433 226,016 196,281 159,697 80,581 77,497 42,858 17,631 1,209,994 Special mention — — — — 2,161 — — — 2,161 Substandard — 47 1,083 8,132 6,746 3,470 — 10,485 29,963 Total commercial real estate 409,433 226,063 197,364 167,829 89,488 80,967 42,858 28,116 1,242,118 Construction and development: Pass 169,575 183,167 27,542 24,518 5,889 11,691 74,221 82 496,685 Special mention 421 — — — — — — — 421 Substandard — — 291 — 2,700 7,473 — — 10,464 Total construction and development 169,996 183,167 27,833 24,518 8,589 19,164 74,221 82 507,570 1-4 family residential: Pass 64,430 107,974 19,278 11,647 22,871 48,751 7,289 246 282,486 Substandard — 1,310 1,548 494 891 226 — 1,501 5,970 Total 1-4 family residential 64,430 109,284 20,826 12,141 23,762 48,977 7,289 1,747 288,456 Multi-family residential: Pass 50,748 35,442 59,609 17,732 35,974 170,319 567 — 370,391 Total multi-family residential 50,748 35,442 59,609 17,732 35,974 170,319 567 — 370,391 Consumer: Pass 5,356 3,290 2,485 558 446 48 12,095 — 24,278 Substandard — — 34 — — — 197 — 231 Total consumer 5,356 3,290 2,519 558 446 48 12,292 — 24,509 Agriculture: Pass 4,680 722 362 24 26 28 5,284 — 11,126 Substandard — — — — — 15 44 — 59 Total agriculture 4,680 722 362 24 26 43 5,328 — 11,185 Other: Pass 22,473 34,745 1,198 — 1,255 1,149 62,770 — 123,590 Substandard — — — 1 — — — — 1 Total other 22,473 34,745 1,198 1 1,255 1,149 62,770 — 123,591 Total Pass 824,224 722,852 336,443 255,360 162,584 315,245 415,808 41,575 3,074,091 Special mention 421 — — — 2,161 — — — 2,582 Substandard — 1,357 2,956 11,372 13,922 11,484 1,781 16,346 59,218 Total gross loans $ 824,645 $ 724,209 $ 339,399 $ 266,732 $ 178,667 $ 326,729 $ 417,589 $ 57,921 $ 3,135,891 Loans by risk grades, loan class and vintage, at December 31, 2021 were as follows: (Dollars in thousands) 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Revolving Loans Converted Revolving Loans Total Commercial and industrial: Pass $ 230,432 $ 53,744 $ 60,514 $ 21,059 $ 8,117 $ 5,533 $ 228,247 $ 5,773 $ 613,419 Special mention — — 290 15 — — 3,177 — 3,482 Substandard — 1,014 1,852 7,075 4 391 1,647 5,500 17,483 Total commercial and industrial 230,432 54,758 62,656 28,149 8,121 5,924 233,071 11,273 634,384 Commercial real estate: Pass 243,666 197,625 232,074 141,591 69,995 84,398 55,253 13,799 1,038,401 Special mention — — 859 7,934 — 62 — — 8,855 Substandard — 2,953 12,967 14,556 334 3,046 — 10,857 44,713 Total commercial real estate 243,666 200,578 245,900 164,081 70,329 87,506 55,253 24,656 1,091,969 Construction and development: Pass 197,900 99,420 54,017 7,127 16,133 142 72,698 96 447,533 Special mention — 470 — — — — — — 470 Substandard — 292 — 1,500 10,207 717 — — 12,716 Total construction and development 197,900 100,182 54,017 8,627 26,340 859 72,698 96 460,719 1-4 family residential: Pass 115,451 23,298 20,210 31,416 21,607 53,253 6,516 466 272,217 Substandard — 1,548 514 902 126 464 1,502 — 5,056 Total 1-4 family residential 115,451 24,846 20,724 32,318 21,733 53,717 8,018 466 277,273 Multi-family residential: Pass 16,744 18,236 6,473 58,750 9,784 167,033 9,376 — 286,396 Total multi-family residential 16,744 18,236 6,473 58,750 9,784 167,033 9,376 — 286,396 Consumer: Pass 6,427 3,637 1,199 714 277 11 14,921 679 27,865 Substandard — 40 — — — — 85 100 225 Total consumer 6,427 3,677 1,199 714 277 11 15,006 779 28,090 Agriculture: Pass 2,954 423 42 57 35 — 4,198 190 7,899 Substandard — — — — — 18 24 — 42 Total agriculture 2,954 423 42 57 35 18 4,222 190 7,941 Other: Pass 27,656 3,744 630 1,509 10 2,157 53,906 43 89,655 Total other 27,656 3,744 630 1,509 10 2,157 53,906 43 89,655 Total Pass 841,230 400,127 375,159 262,223 125,958 312,527 445,115 21,046 2,783,385 Special mention — 470 1,149 7,949 — 62 3,177 — 12,807 Substandard — 5,847 15,333 24,033 10,671 4,636 3,258 16,457 80,235 Total gross loans $ 841,230 $ 406,444 $ 391,641 $ 294,205 $ 136,629 $ 317,225 $ 451,550 $ 37,503 $ 2,876,427 Loans by risk grades and loan class as of the dates indicated below were as follows: (Dollars in thousands) Pass Special Mention Substandard Total Loans September 30, 2022 Commercial and industrial $ 555,541 $ — $ 12,530 $ 568,071 Real estate: Commercial real estate 1,209,994 2,161 29,963 1,242,118 Construction and development 496,685 421 10,464 507,570 1-4 family residential 282,486 — 5,970 288,456 Multi-family residential 370,391 — — 370,391 Consumer 24,278 — 231 24,509 Agriculture 11,126 — 59 11,185 Other 123,590 — 1 123,591 Total gross loans $ 3,074,091 $ 2,582 $ 59,218 $ 3,135,891 December 31, 2021 Commercial and industrial $ 613,419 $ 3,482 $ 17,483 $ 634,384 Real estate: Commercial real estate 1,038,401 8,855 44,713 1,091,969 Construction and development 447,533 470 12,716 460,719 1-4 family residential 272,217 — 5,056 277,273 Multi-family residential 286,396 — — 286,396 Consumer 27,865 — 225 28,090 Agriculture 7,899 — 42 7,941 Other 89,655 — — 89,655 Total gross loans $ 2,783,385 $ 12,807 $ 80,235 $ 2,876,427 Loans individually evaluated and collectively evaluated as of the dates indicated below were as follows: September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Individually Collectively Individually Collectively Evaluated Evaluated Total Evaluated Evaluated Total (Dollars in thousands) Loans Loans Loans Loans Loans Loans Commercial and industrial $ 10,932 $ 557,139 $ 568,071 $ 16,579 $ 617,805 $ 634,384 Real estate: Commercial real estate 18,705 1,223,413 1,242,118 21,057 1,070,912 1,091,969 Construction and development 10,464 497,106 507,570 12,716 448,003 460,719 1-4 family residential 3,202 285,254 288,456 3,355 273,918 277,273 Multi-family residential — 370,391 370,391 — 286,396 286,396 Consumer 116 24,393 24,509 125 27,965 28,090 Agriculture — 11,185 11,185 — 7,941 7,941 Other 8,523 115,068 123,591 5,440 84,215 89,655 Total gross loans $ 51,942 $ 3,083,949 $ 3,135,891 $ 59,272 $ 2,817,155 $ 2,876,427 The Company had collateral dependent loans totaling $1.5 million pending foreclosure at both September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. Activity in the ACL for loans, segregated by loan class for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, was as follows: Real Estate Commercial Construction and Commercial and 1-4 Family Multi-family (Dollars in thousands) Industrial Real Estate Development Residential Residential Consumer Agriculture Other Total September 30, 2022 Beginning balance $ 11,214 $ 11,015 $ 3,310 $ 2,105 $ 1,781 $ 406 $ 88 $ 1,426 $ 31,345 Provision (recapture) (2,101) 1,195 654 152 723 22 24 353 1,022 Charge-offs (44) (25) — (8) — (63) — — (140) Recoveries 328 — — 6 — 6 10 — 350 Net recoveries 284 (25) — (2) — (57) 10 — 210 Ending balance $ 9,397 $ 12,185 $ 3,964 $ 2,255 $ 2,504 $ 371 $ 122 $ 1,779 $ 32,577 Period-end amount allocated to: Specific reserve $ 2,517 $ 28 $ — $ — $ — $ 116 $ — $ — $ 2,661 General reserve 6,880 12,157 3,964 2,255 2,504 255 122 1,779 29,916 Total $ 9,397 $ 12,185 $ 3,964 $ 2,255 $ 2,504 $ 371 $ 122 $ 1,779 $ 32,577 September 30, 2021 Beginning balance $ 13,035 $ 13,798 $ 6,089 $ 2,578 $ 2,513 $ 440 $ 137 $ 2,047 $ 40,637 Provision (recapture) (2,028) (2,054) (2,755) (875) (357) (85) (75) (732) (8,961) Charge-offs (495) — — (3) — (13) — — (511) Recoveries 889 — — — — 107 47 — 1,043 Net (charge-offs) recoveries 394 — — (3) — 94 47 — 532 Ending balance $ 11,401 $ 11,744 $ 3,334 $ 1,700 $ 2,156 $ 449 $ 109 $ 1,315 $ 32,208 Period-end amount allocated to: Specific reserve $ 4,343 $ 670 $ — $ — $ — $ 131 $ — $ — $ 5,144 General reserve 7,058 11,074 3,334 1,700 2,156 318 109 1,315 27,064 Total $ 11,401 $ 11,744 $ 3,334 $ 1,700 $ 2,156 $ 449 $ 109 $ 1,315 $ 32,208 The ACL for loans by loan class as of the dates indicated was as follows: September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 (Dollars in thousands) Amount Percent Amount Percent Commercial and industrial $ 9,397 28.9 % $ 11,214 35.7 % Real estate: Commercial real estate 12,185 37.4 % 11,015 35.1 % Construction and development 3,964 12.2 % 3,310 10.6 % 1-4 family residential 2,255 6.9 % 2,105 6.7 % Multi-family residential 2,504 7.7 % 1,781 5.7 % Consumer 371 1.1 % 406 1.3 % Agriculture 122 0.4 % 88 0.3 % Other 1,779 5.4 % 1,426 4.6 % Total allowance for credit losses for loans $ 32,577 100.0 % $ 31,345 100.0 % Loans excluding loans held for sale 3,126,421 2,867,524 ACL for loans to loans excluding loans held for sale 1.04% 1.09% Allocation of a portion of the ACL to one class of loans above does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other classes. Nonaccrual loans are included in individually evaluated loans and $15.9 million and $16.0 million of nonaccrual loans had no related ACL at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Charge-offs and recoveries by loan class and vintage for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 were as follows: (Dollars in thousands) 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Revolving Loans Converted Revolving Loans Total Commercial and industrial: Charge-off $ (43) $ — $ — $ — $ — $ (1) $ — $ — $ (44) Recovery 1 — — — 207 55 65 — 328 Total commercial and industrial (42) — — — 207 54 65 — 284 Commercial real estate: Charge-off — — — (25) — — — — (25) Total commercial real estate loans — — — (25) — — — — (25) 1-4 family residential: Charge-off — — — — (2) (6) — — (8) Recovery — — — — — 6 — — 6 Total 1-4 family residential — — — — (2) — — — (2) Consumer: Charge-off — — (12) — — — (1) (50) (63) Recovery — — — 1 — 3 — 2 6 Total consumer — — (12) 1 — 3 (1) (48) (57) Agriculture: Recovery — — — — — 10 — — 10 Total agriculture — — — — — 10 — — 10 Total: Charge-off (43) — (12) (25) (2) (7) (1) (50) (140) Recovery 1 — — 1 207 74 65 2 350 Total $ (42) $ — $ (12) $ (24) $ 205 $ 67 $ 64 $ (48) $ 210 Charge-offs and recoveries by loan class and vintage for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 were as follows: (Dollars in thousands) 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Revolving Loans Converted Revolving Loans Total Commercial and industrial: Charge-off $ — $ — $ (191) $ (260) $ — $ — $ — $ (44) $ (495) Recovery — — 5 39 43 762 40 889 Total commercial and industrial — — (186) (221) 43 762 — (4) 394 1-4 family residential: Charge-off — — — — — (3) — — (3) Total 1-4 family residential — — — — — (3) — — (3) Consumer: Charge-off (10) — (3) — — — — — (13) Recovery 4 — 4 — — 99 — — 107 Total consumer (6) — 1 — — 99 — — 94 Agriculture: Recovery — — — — — 47 — — 47 Total agriculture — — — — — 47 — — 47 Total: Charge-off (10) — (194) (260) — (3) — (44) (511) Recovery 4 — 9 39 43 908 — 40 1,043 Total $ (6) $ — $ (185) $ (221) $ 43 $ 905 $ — $ (4) $ 532 The Company has unfunded commitments, comprised of letters of credit and commitments to extend credit that are not unconditionally cancellable by the Company. See Note 16: Commitments and Contingencies and Financial Instruments with Off-Balance-Sheet Risk. Unfunded commitments have similar characteristics as loans and their ACL was determined using the model and methodology for loans noted above as well as historical and expected utilization levels. Activity in the ACL for unfunded commitments for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, was as follows: Nine Months Ended September 30, (Dollars in thousands) 2022 2021 Beginning balance $ 3,266 $ 4,177 Provision (recapture) 551 (605) Ending balance $ 3,817 $ 3,572 |