Equity Incentive Plans | Note 9. Equity Incentive Plans Equity Incentive Plans We maintain two equity incentive plans: the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan (our “2009 Plan”) and the 2015 Equity Incentive Plan (our “2015 Plan”). In August 2015, our board of directors adopted, and in September 2015 our stockholders approved, the 2015 Plan, which became effective in connection with our IPO in October 2015 and serves as the successor to our 2009 Plan. Our 2015 Plan provides for the issuance of incentive stock options to our employees and non-statutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock unit awards, performance stock awards, performance cash awards, and other forms of stock awards to our employees, directors and consultants. No new awards are issued under our 2009 Plan after the effective date of our 2015 Plan. Outstanding awards granted under our 2009 Plan will remain subject to the terms of our 2009 Plan and applicable award agreements, until such outstanding awards that are stock options are exercised, terminated or expired by their terms, and until any restricted stock awards become vested or are forfeited. We have initially reserved 27,000,000 shares of our Class A common stock for issuance under our 2015 Plan. The number of shares reserved for issuance under our 2015 Plan will increase automatically on the first day of February of each of 2016 through 2025, in an amount equal to 5% of the total number of shares of our capital stock outstanding as of the immediately preceding January 31. The exercise price of stock options will generally not be less than 100% of the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant, as determined by our board of directors. Our equity awards generally vest over a two to four year period and expire no later than ten years from the date of grant. As of January 31, 2016, 25,337,800 shares of our Class A common stock were reserved for future issuance under the 2015 Plan. 2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan In August 2015, our board of directors adopted and our stockholders approved, the 2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“2015 ESPP”), which became effective in connection with our IPO in October 2015. A total of 3,500,000 shares of Class A common stock was initially reserved for issuance under the 2015 ESPP. The 2015 ESPP allows eligible employees to purchase shares of our Class A common stock at a discount through payroll deductions (or other payroll contributions) of up to 30% of their eligible compensation, subject to a cap of 3,000 shares on any purchase date or $25,000 in any calendar year (as determined under applicable tax rules). Except for the initial offering period, the 2015 ESPP provides for 24 month offering periods beginning March and September of each year, and each offering period will consist of four six-month purchase periods. The initial offering period began in October 2015, and will end on September 15, 2017. On each purchase date, eligible employees will purchase our Class A common stock at a price per share equal to 85% of the lesser of the fair market value of our Class A common stock (1) on the first trading day of the applicable offering period or (2) the purchase date. For the first offering period, the fair market value of our Class A common stock on the offering date was $17.00, the price at which our Class A common stock was first sold to the public in our IPO. As of January 31, 2016, 3,500,000 shares were reserved for future issuance under the 2015 ESPP. Early Exercise of Stock Options and Promissory Notes Certain employees and directors have exercised options granted under the 2009 Plan prior to vesting. The unvested shares are subject to a repurchase right held by us at the original purchase price. The proceeds initially are recorded as liability related to early exercised stock options and reclassified to additional paid in capital as the repurchase right lapses. We issued 642,248 shares of common stock upon early exercise of stock options during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2015, for total exercise proceeds of $1.9 million. No unvested stock options were exercised during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2016. For the fiscal years ended January 31, 2015 and 2016, we repurchased 50,000 and 15,000 shares of unvested common stock related to early exercised stock options at the original purchase price due to the termination of an employee. As of January 31, 2015 and 2016, 4,710,454 and 2,809,264 shares held by employees and directors were subject to repurchase at an aggregate price of $6.5 million and $4.8 million. We entered into promissory notes with certain of our executives and employees in connection with the exercise of their stock option awards. These notes bore fixed interest rates ranging from 0.95% to 1.84% per annum. As of January 31, 2014, outstanding promissory notes were $3.2 million and 6,295,056 shares of common stock were outstanding from stock options exercised via promissory notes. As the promissory notes were solely collateralized by the underlying common stock, they are considered nonrecourse from an accounting standpoint and therefore, stock options exercised via nonrecourse promissory notes are not considered outstanding shares. Accordingly, as of January 31, 2014, we did not record these transactions related to promissory notes. During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2015, an additional 300,000 stock options were early exercised via a nonrecourse promissory note in the amount of $773,000, which was also not recorded in our financial statements. All outstanding promissory notes and the related accrued interest, which totaled $4.0 million, were repaid in full as of January 31, 2015, and accordingly, the underlying common stock was recorded as outstanding shares. Proceeds from the repayment of promissory notes were included in additional paid-in capital for the portion of the underlying common stock that was vested, and in liability related to early exercised stock options for the portion of the underlying common stock that was unvested. Stock Options A summary of activity under our equity incentive plans and related information is as follows: Options Outstanding Number of Shares Weighted- Average Exercise Price Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands) Balance as of January 31, 2015 54,284,474 $ 3.02 8.3 $ 523,654 Options granted 19,269,524 15.76 Options exercised (2,313,598 ) 2.58 Options cancelled (2,361,313 ) 7.96 Balance as of January 31, 2016 68,879,087 $ 6.43 7.9 $ 505,131 Vested and exercisable as of January 31, 2016 24,297,716 $ 2.04 6.7 $ 267,213 Vested and expected to vest as of January 31, 2016 66,945,857 $ 6.37 7.9 $ 494,544 The aggregate intrinsic value of options vested and exercisable and vested and expected to vest as of January 31, 2016 is calculated based on the difference between the exercise price and the closing price $13.01 of our Class A common stock on January 31, 2016. The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 was $8.5 million, $43.2 million and $29.5 million, respectively. The weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted was $1.50, $5.71 and $8.38 per share for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively. The total grant date fair value of options vested for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 was $3.5 million, $9.9 million and $35.4 million, respectively. As of January 31, 2016, total unrecognized employee compensation cost, net of estimated forfeitures, was $201.8 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 3.7 years. To the extent the actual forfeiture rate is different from what we have estimated, stock-based compensation related to these awards will be different from our expectations. During the fiscal years ended January 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, we granted options to purchase 3,883,654, 499,750, and 238,000 shares of common stock, net of cancellations, that vest upon satisfaction of a performance condition. For those options that management determined that it is probable that the performance condition will be satisfied, stock-based compensation expense of $596,000, $1.7 million and $2.5 million was recognized during the fiscal years ended January 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively. 2015 ESPP During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2016, we recognized $4.4 million of stock-based compensation expense related to our 2015 ESPP. As of January 31, 2016, there was $21.6 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, related to our 2015 ESPP that is expected to be recognized over the remaining term of the offering period. Determination of Fair Value The fair value of stock options granted to employees and to be purchased under ESPP is estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. This valuation model for stock-based compensation expense requires us to make assumptions and judgments about the variables used in the calculation including the fair value of the underlying common stock, expected term, the expected volatility of the common stock, a risk-free interest rate and expected dividend yield. We estimate the fair value of employee stock options and ESPP purchase rights using a Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: Fiscal Year Ended January 31, 2014 2015 2016 Employee Stock Options Expected term (in years) 5.3 - 7.3 5.0 - 6.9 6.0 - 7.4 Expected volatility 65% - 69% 55% - 68% 48%-52% Risk-free interest rate 0.8% - 2.1% 1.3% - 2.2% 1.5%-1.9% Dividend rate — — — Fair value of common stock $1.46 - $2.98 $4.81 - $12.65 $13.94-$19.68 Employee Stock Purchase Plan Expected term (in years) — — 0.4 - 1.9 Expected volatility — — 49% Risk-free interest rate — — 0.1% - 0.7% Dividend rate — — — The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model were determined as follows. Fair Value of Common Stock —Prior to our IPO in October 2015, our board of directors considered numerous objective and subjective factors to determine the fair value of our common stock at each grant date. These factors included, but were not limited to (i) contemporaneous third-party valuations of common stock; (ii) the prices for our convertible preferred stock sold to outside investors; (iii) the rights and preferences of convertible preferred stock relative to common stock; (iv) the lack of marketability of our common stock; (v) developments in the business; and (vi) the likelihood of achieving a liquidity event, such as an IPO or sale of Pure Storage, given prevailing market conditions. Subsequent to our IPO, we use the market closing price of our Class A common stock as reported on the New York Stock Exchange to determine the fair value of our common stock at each grant date. Expected Term —The expected term represents the period that our stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding. The expected term assumptions were determined based on the vesting terms, exercise terms and contractual lives of the options and ESPP purchase rights. Expected Volatility —Since we do not have a trading history of our common stock, the expected volatility was derived from the average historical stock volatilities of several public companies within the same industry that we consider to be comparable to our business over a period equivalent to the expected term of the stock option grants and ESPP purchase rights. Risk-Free Interest Rate —The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for zero-coupon U.S. Treasury notes with maturities approximately equal to the expected term of the stock option grants and ESPP purchase rights. Dividend Rate —We have never declared or paid any cash dividends and do not plan to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future, and, therefore, use an expected dividend yield of zero. Non-Employee Stock Option Awards We estimate the fair value of non-employee stock options on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions: Fiscal Year Ended January 31, 2014 2015 2016 Expected term (in years) 10.0 10.0 10.0 Expected volatility 62% - 65% 62% - 63% 49% Risk-free interest rate 1.1% - 2.6% 1.6% - 2.6% 1.5% Dividend rate — — — Fair value of common stock $1.79 - $2.98 $9.40 - $12.40 $ 17.00 For the fiscal years ended January 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, we granted non-employee stock options to purchase 1,126,400, 83,500, and 22,500 shares of common stock, respectively. We recognized stock-based compensation related to non-employee stock options of $1.1 million, $2.5 million and $3.1 million for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively. Restricted Stock Awards At the inception of the Company, we issued 18,300,000 shares of common stock to our founders under restricted stock agreements at a grant date fair value of $0.0005 per share that vested over four years. The unvested shares are subject to a repurchase right held by us at the original purchase price. For the fiscal year ended January 31, 2014, 2,812,500 shares of our restricted stock awards vested, and the related stock-based compensation was immaterial. All restricted stock awards were fully vested as of January 31, 2014. Repurchase of Common Stock in Connection with Tender Offers In November 2013, our board of directors approved a tender offer which allowed our employees to sell fully vested shares of common stock or unexercised stock options to the company. We repurchased 1,442,098 shares of common stock and 1,603,536 vested stock options from participating employees for a total consideration of $20.5 million, net of exercise proceeds of $640,000. The common stock repurchased was retired immediately thereafter. Of the $20.5 million total consideration, the fair value of the shares tendered net of exercise proceeds, was recorded in accumulated deficit, which totaled $7.2 million, while the amounts paid in excess of the fair value of our common stock at the time of repurchase were recorded as stock-based compensation expense, which totaled $13.3 million. In July 2014, our board of directors approved another tender offer which allowed our employees to sell fully vested shares of common stock or unexercised stock options to the company. We repurchased 735,426 shares of common stock and 3,067,910 vested stock options from participating employees for a total consideration of $57.7 million, net of exercise proceeds of $2.1 million. The common stock repurchased was retired immediately thereafter. Of the $57.7 million total consideration, the fair value of the shares tendered net of exercise proceeds, was recorded in accumulated deficit, which totaled $30.1 million, while the amounts paid in excess of the fair value of our common stock at the time of repurchase were recorded as stock-based compensation expense, which totaled $27.6 million. Stock-Based Compensation Expense The following table summarizes the components of stock-based compensation expense recognized in the consolidated statements of operations (in thousands): Fiscal Year Ended January 31, 2014 2015 2016 Cost of revenue—product $ 253 $ 303 $ 276 Cost of revenue—support 316 1,273 2,388 Research and development 11,477 22,512 31,135 Sales and marketing 9,014 22,466 16,966 General and administrative 506 6,479 7,460 Total stock-based compensation $ 21,566 $ 53,033 $ 58,225 The stock-based compensation expense for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2014 and 2015 included $13.3 million and $27.6 million related to the repurchase of common stock in excess of fair value in connection with tender offers. |