Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3)
Registration No. 333-163069
PROSPECTUS
AMERICAN REALTY CAPITAL
NEW YORK RECOVERY REIT, INC.
150,000,000 shares of common stock — maximum offering
American Realty Capital New York Recovery REIT, Inc. is a Maryland corporation formed on October 6, 2009 that qualified to be taxed as a real estate investment trust for U.S. federal income tax purposes, or REIT, commencing with our tax year ending December 31, 2010.
We are offering up to 150,000,000 shares of our common stock at a price of $10.00 per share on a “best efforts” basis through Realty Capital Securities, LLC, our dealer manager. “Best efforts” means that our dealer manager is not obligated to purchase any specific number or dollar amount of shares. We also are offering up to 25,000,000 shares of our common stock pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan at $9.50 per share. We reserve the right to reallocate the shares of common stock we are offering between the primary offering and our distribution reinvestment plan.
Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should purchase these securities only if you can afford a complete loss of your investment. See the section entitled “Risk Factors” beginning on page 33 of this prospectus for a discussion of the risks which should be considered in connection with your investment in our common stock, including the following:
| • | We are considered a “blind pool” offering because we own only nine properties, have not identified any other properties to acquire with the offering proceeds, have a limited operating history and have no established financing sources. |
| • | Our investment policies permit us to invest in any type of commercial real estate, but we expect to focus on office and retail properties located in the New York metropolitan area, and, in particular, properties located in New York City. |
| • | We are depending on our advisor to select investments and conduct our operations. Adverse changes in the financial condition of our advisor or our relationship with our advisor could adversely affect us. |
| • | No public market exists for our shares of common stock, nor may a public market ever exist and our shares are illiquid. |
| • | There are substantial conflicts among the interests of our investors, our interests and the interests of our advisor, sponsor, dealer manager and our and their respective affiliates regarding compensation, investment opportunities and management resources. The fees payable to our advisor are substantial and may result in our advisor recommending riskier investments. |
| • | We may incur substantial debt, which could hinder our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders or could decrease the value of your investment if income on, or the value of, the property securing the debt falls. |
| • | As long as we maintain our qualification as a REIT, we will be subject to numerous limitations under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, including that five or fewer individuals are prohibited from beneficially owning more than 50% of our outstanding shares during the last half of each taxable year. |
| • | Our investment objectives and strategies may be changed without stockholder consent. |
| • | Our organizational documents permit us to pay distributions from unlimited amounts of any source. Until substantially all the proceeds from this offering are invested, we may use proceeds from this offering and financings to fund distributions until we have sufficient cash flow. There are no established limits on the amounts of net proceeds and borrowings that we may use to fund such distribution payments. |
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, the Attorney General of the State of New York nor any other state securities regulator has approved or disapproved of our common stock, determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete or passed on or endorsed the merits of this offering. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. The use of projections or forecasts in this offering is prohibited. Any representation to the contrary and any predictions, written or oral, as to the amount or certainty of any future benefit or tax consequence that may flow from an investment in our common stock is not permitted.
Realty Capital Securities, LLC, our dealer manager, is our affiliate and will offer the shares on a best efforts basis. This offering will end no later than September 2, 2012, which is two years from the effective date of this offering. If we have not sold all the shares within two years, we may continue the primary offering for an additional year until September 2, 2013. If we decide to continue our primary offering beyond two years from the date of this prospectus, we will provide that information in a prospectus supplement. This offering must be registered in every state in which we offer or sell shares. Generally, such registrations are for a period of one year. Thus, we may have to stop selling shares in any state in which our registration is not renewed or otherwise extended annually. On December 9, 2010, we satisfied the escrow conditions of our public offering of common stock (except for Pennsylvania). On such date, we received and accepted aggregate subscriptions in excess of the minimum of $2.0 million in shares, broke escrow and issued shares of common stock to our initial investors who were admitted as stockholders. On August 4, 2011, we broke escrow on approximately $3,400 of subscriptions from investors from Tennessee, which were maintained at our third-party escrow agent, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, until we had sold at least $20 million of shares of our common stock.
PENNSYLVANIA INVESTORS: The minimum closing amount is $2,000,000. Because the minimum closing amount is less than $150,000,000, you are cautioned to carefully evaluate the program’s ability to fully accomplish its stated objectives and inquire as to the current dollar volume of the program subscriptions. We will not release to us any Pennsylvania investor proceeds for subscriptions from escrow until we have received an aggregate of $75,000,000 in subscriptions. We will deposit subscription payments from Pennsylvania investors in an escrow account held by the escrow agent, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, in trust for the subscribers’ benefit, pending release to us. Subscription payments held in escrow will be placed in short-term, low risk, highly liquid, interest-bearing investments prior to our investments in real estate related assets. If a refund is made because of a failure to raise an aggregate of $75,000,000 in subscriptions, Realty Capital Securities, LLC will pay any escrow fees and no amounts will be deducted from the escrow funds. If we do raise an aggregate of $75,000,000 in subscriptions, we will return all interest earned on proceeds in the escrow account prior to raising such amount and completing our initial issuance of shares to Pennsylvania subscribers.
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| | Per Share | | Maximum Offering |
Public offering price, primary shares | | $ | 10.00 | | | $ | 1,500,000,000 | |
Public offering price, distribution reinvestment plan(1) | | $ | 9.50 | | | $ | 237,500,000 | |
Selling commissions and dealer manager fee(2) | | $ | 1.00 | | | $ | 150,000,000 | |
Proceeds, before expenses, to us | | $ | 9.00 | | | $ | 1,350,000,000 | |
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| (1) | We reserve the right to reallocate the shares of common stock we are offering between the primary offering and our distribution reinvestment plan. |
| (2) | Selling commissions and the dealer manager fee are paid only for primary shares offered on a best efforts basis and will equal 7% and 3% of aggregate gross proceeds, respectively. Each are payable to our dealer manager. Selling commissions will be reduced in connection with sales of certain minimum numbers of shares, see the section entitled “Plan of Distribution — Volume Discounts” in this prospectus. |
Prospectus dated January 17, 2012
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INVESTOR SUITABILITY STANDARDS
An investment in our common stock involves significant risk and is suitable only for persons who have adequate financial means, desire a relatively long-term investment and who will not need immediate liquidity from their investment. Persons who meet this standard and seek to diversify their personal portfolios with a finite-life, real estate-based investment, which among its benefits hedges against inflation and the volatility of the stock market, seek to receive current income, seek to preserve capital, wish to obtain the benefits of potential long-term capital appreciation and who are able to hold their investment for a time period consistent with our liquidity plans are most likely to benefit from an investment in our company. On the other hand, we caution persons who require immediate liquidity or guaranteed income, or who seek a short-term investment not to consider an investment in our common stock as meeting these needs. Notwithstanding these investor suitability standards, potential investors should note that investing in shares of our common stock involves a high degree of risk and should consider all the information contained in this prospectus, including the “Risk Factors” section contained herein, in determining whether an investment in our common stock is appropriate.
In order to purchase shares in this offering, you must:
| • | meet the applicable financial suitability standards as described below; and |
| • | purchase at least the minimum number of shares as described below. |
We have established suitability standards for initial stockholders and subsequent purchasers of shares from our stockholders. These suitability standards require that a purchaser of shares have, excluding the value of a purchaser’s home, home furnishings and automobiles, either:
| • | minimum net worth of at least $250,000; or |
| • | minimum annual gross income of at least $70,000 and a minimum net worth of at least $70,000. |
The minimum purchase is 250 shares ($2,500). You may not transfer fewer shares than the minimum purchase requirement. In addition, you may not transfer, fractionalize or subdivide your shares so as to retain less than the number of shares required for the minimum purchase. In order to satisfy the minimum purchase requirements for individual retirement accounts, or IRAs, unless otherwise prohibited by state law, a husband and wife may jointly contribute funds from their separate IRAs if each such contribution is made in increments of $100. You should note that an investment in shares of our common stock will not, in itself, create a retirement plan and that, in order to create a retirement plan, you must comply with all applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Internal Revenue Code.
Several states have established suitability requirements that are more stringent than the standards that we have established and described above. Shares will be sold to investors in these states only if they meet the special suitability standards set forth below. In each case, these special suitability standards exclude from the calculation of net worth the value of the investor’s home, home furnishings and automobiles.
General Standards for all Investors
| • | Investors must have either (a) a net worth of at least $250,000 or (b) an annual gross income of $70,000 and a minimum net worth of $70,000. |
Nebraska
| • | Investors must have either (a) a net worth of $350,000 (exclusive of home, auto and home furnishings) or (b) a net worth of $100,000 (exclusive of home, auto and home furnishings) and an annual income of $70,000. The investor’s maximum investment in the issuer should not exceed 10% of the investor’s net worth (exclusive of home, auto and home furnishings). |
Kentucky
| • | Investors must have either (a) a net worth of $250,000 or (b) a gross annual income of at least $70,000 and a net worth of at least $70,000, with the amount invested in this offering not to exceed 10% of the Kentucky investor’s liquid net worth. |
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Massachusetts, Michigan, Ohio, Iowa, Oregon, Pennsylvania and Washington
| • | Investors must have either (a) a minimum net worth of at least $250,000 or (b) an annual gross income of at least $70,000 and a net worth of at least $70,000. The investor’s maximum investment in the issuer and its affiliates cannot exceed 10% of the Massachusetts, Michigan, Ohio, Iowa, Oregon, Pennsylvania or Washington resident’s net worth. |
Tennessee
| • | In addition to the general suitability requirements described above, investors’ maximum investment in our shares and our affiliates shall not exceed 10% of the resident’s net worth. |
Kansas
| • | In addition to the general suitability requirements described above, it is recommended that investors should invest no more than 10% of their liquid net worth in our shares and securities of other real estate investment trusts. “Liquid net worth” is defined as that portion of net worth (total assets minus total liabilities) that is comprised of cash, cash equivalents and readily marketable securities. |
Missouri
| • | In addition to the general suitability requirements described above, no more than ten percent (10%) of any one Missouri investor’s liquid net worth shall be invested in the securities registered by us for this offering with the Securities Division. |
California
| • | In addition to the general suitability requirements described above, investors’ maximum investment in our shares will be limited to 10% of the investor’s net worth (exclusive of home, home furnishings and automobile). |
Alabama
| • | In addition to the suitability standards above, shares will only be sold to Alabama residents that represent that they have a liquid net worth of at least 10 times the amount of their investment in this real estate investment program and other similar programs. |
| • | If an Alabama resident checks the “Automatic Purchase Plan” box in section 5 of the subscription agreement attached hereto as Appendix C-1, then: (1) the soliciting dealer will obtain updated suitability information from such investor on a quarterly basis; (2) this updated information will be provided in writing and signed by the investor; (3) if written suitability information is more than 90 days old, then the investor may not participate in the Automatic Purchase Plan until the information is updated; and (4) the updated information shall consist of the information that an investor is required to provide under section 6 of the subscription agreement. |
Because the minimum closing amount is less than $150,000,000, Pennsylvania and Tennessee investors are cautioned to carefully evaluate our ability to fully accomplish our stated objectives and to inquire as to the current dollar volume of our subscription proceeds. We will not release any Pennsylvania investor proceeds for subscriptions from escrow until we have received an aggregate of $75,000,000 in subscriptions.
In the case of sales to fiduciary accounts (such as an IRA, Keogh Plan or pension or profit-sharing plan), these minimum suitability standards must be satisfied by the beneficiary, the fiduciary account, or by the donor or grantor who directly or indirectly supplies the funds to purchase our common stock if the donor or the grantor is the fiduciary. Prospective investors with investment discretion over the assets of an individual retirement account, employee benefit plan or other retirement plan or arrangement that is covered by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, or ERISA, or Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code should carefully review the information in the section of this prospectus entitled “Investment by Tax-Exempt Entities and ERISA Considerations.” Any such prospective investors are required to consult their own legal and tax advisors on these matters.
In the case of gifts to minors, the minimum suitability standards must be met by the custodian of the account or by the donor.
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In order to ensure adherence to the suitability standards described above, requisite criteria must be met, as set forth in the subscription agreement in the form attached hereto as Appendix C-1. In addition, our sponsor, our dealer manager and the soliciting dealers, as our agents, must make every reasonable effort to determine that the purchase of our shares is a suitable and appropriate investment for an investor. In making this determination, the soliciting dealers will rely on relevant information provided by the investor in the investor’s subscription agreement, including information regarding the investor’s age, investment objectives, investment experience, income, net worth, financial situation, other investments, and any other pertinent information. Alternatively, except for investors in Alabama or Tennessee, the requisite criteria may be met using the multi-offerings subscription agreement in the form attached hereto as Appendix C-2, which may be used to purchase shares in this offering as well as shares of other products distributed by our dealer manager;provided, however, that an investor has received the relevant prospectus(es) and meets the requisite criteria and suitability standards for any such other product(s). Executed subscription agreements will be maintained in our records for six years.
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RESTRICTIONS IMPOSED BY THE USA PATRIOT ACT AND RELATED ACTS
In accordance with the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001, as amended, or the “USA PATRIOT Act”, the shares of common stock offered hereby may not be offered, sold, transferred or delivered, directly or indirectly, to any “unacceptable investor,” which means anyone who is:
| • | a “designated national,” “specially designated national,” “specially designated terrorist,” “specially designated global terrorist,” “foreign terrorist organization,” or “blocked person” within the definitions set forth in the Foreign Assets Control Regulations of the U.S. Treasury Department; |
| • | acting on behalf of, or an entity owned or controlled by, any government against whom the U.S. maintains economic sanctions or embargoes under the Regulations of the U.S. Treasury Department; |
| • | within the scope of Executive Order 13224 — Blocking Property and Prohibiting Transactions with Persons who Commit, Threaten to Commit, or Support Terrorism, effective September 24, 2001; |
| • | subject to additional restrictions imposed by the following statutes or regulations, and executive orders issued thereunder: the Trading with the Enemy Act, the Iraq Sanctions Act, the National Emergencies Act, the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, the United Nations Participation Act, the International Security and Development Cooperation Act, the Nuclear Proliferation Prevention Act of 1994, the Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act, the Iran and Libya Sanctions Act of 1996, the Cuban Democracy Act, the Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity Act and the Foreign Operations, Export Financing and Related Programs Appropriation Act or any other law of similar import as to any non-U.S. country, as each such act or law has been or may be amended, adjusted, modified or reviewed from time to time; or |
| • | designated or blocked, associated or involved in terrorism, or subject to restrictions under laws, regulations, or executive orders as may apply in the future similar to those set forth above. |
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus includes forward-looking statements that reflect our expectations and projections about our future results, performance, prospects and opportunities. We have attempted to identify these forward-looking statements by using words such as “may,” “will,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “intends,” “should,” “estimates,” “could” or similar expressions. These forward-looking statements are based on information currently available to us and are subject to a number of known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These factors include, among other things, those discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” below. We do not undertake publicly to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required to satisfy our obligations under federal securities law.
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AMERICAN REALTY CAPITAL NEW YORK RECOVERY REIT, INC.
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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT THIS OFFERING
Below we have provided some of the more frequently asked questions and answers relating to an offering of this type. See the section entitled “Prospectus Summary” and the remainder of this prospectus for more detailed information about this offering.
| Q: | What is American Realty Capital New York Recovery REIT, Inc.? |
| A: | American Realty Capital New York Recovery REIT, Inc., incorporated on October 6, 2009, is a Maryland corporation that qualified as a real estate investment trust commencing with our taxable year ending December 31, 2010. We expect to use substantially all the net proceeds of this offering to acquire high-quality income-producing commercial real estate located in the New York metropolitan area (as defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget, the New York — Northern New Jersey — Long Island, New York — New Jersey — Pennsylvania Metropolitan Statistical Area, or the New York MSA), and in particular, New York City, with a focus on office and retail properties. In the current market environment, we believe it is possible to buy high-quality commercial real estate properties at a discount to replacement cost and with significant potential for appreciation. We do not plan to acquire undeveloped land, develop new real estate, or substantially re-develop existing real estate. We also do not intend to invest in assets located outside of the United States. |
Our real estate team is led by seasoned professionals who have institutional experience investing through various real estate cycles. Each of our chief executive officer, president, chief investment officer and chief operating officer has more than 20 years of real estate experience. In addition, our chief financial officer has ten years of real estate experience and our secretary has seven years of real estate experience. We believe a number of factors differentiate us from other non-traded REITs, including our geographic focus, our lack of legacy issues, our opportunistic buy and sell strategy, and our institutional management team.
| A: | In general, a real estate investment trust, or REIT, is a company that: |
| • | combines the capital of many investors to acquire a large-scale diversified real estate portfolio under professional management; |
| • | allows individual investors to invest in a diversified real estate portfolio managed by a professional management team; |
| • | pays annual distributions to investors of at least 90% of REIT taxable income (which does not equal net income, as calculated in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP), determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gain; and |
| • | avoids the “double taxation” treatment of income that generally results from investments in a corporation because a REIT generally is not subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax and excise tax on its net income distributed to stockholders, provided certain U.S. federal income tax requirements are satisfied. |
| Q: | What is the experience of your officers and directors in real estate? |
| A: | Nicholas S. Schorsch is the Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of our company and has served in such capacities since our formation in October 2009. Mr. Schorsch also has been the Chief Executive Officer of New York Recovery Properties, LLC, and New York Recovery Advisors, LLC since their formation in November 2009. In addition, Mr. Schorsch also has been the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of American Realty Capital Trust, Inc. (ARCT), and Chief Executive Officer of the ARCT property manager and the ARCT advisor since their formation in August 2007. Mr. Schorsch has been active in the structuring and financial management of commercial real estate investments for over 20 years. |
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William M. Kahane is the President and Treasurer and a director of our company, and has served in such capacities since our formation in October 2009. He has been active in the structuring and financial management of commercial real estate investments for over 25 years. Mr. Kahane also is President, Chief Operating Officer and Treasurer of New York Recovery Properties, LLC and New York Recovery Advisors, LLC since their formation in November 2009. Mr. Kahane also is the President, Chief Operating Officer and Treasurer of American Realty Capital Trust, Inc. (ARCT) and President, Chief Operating Officer and Treasurer of the ARCT property manager and the ARCT advisor since their formation in August 2007. Mr. Kahane has been active in the structuring and financial management of commercial real estate investments for over 25 years.
Michael A. Happel is the Executive Vice President and Chief Investment Officer, and an observer to the board of directors of our company since our formation in October 2009. Mr. Happel has over 20 years of experience investing in real estate, including office, retail, multifamily, industrial, and hotel properties, as well as real estate companies. Mr. Happel also is Executive Vice President and Chief Investment Officer of New York Recovery Properties, LLC and New York Recovery Advisors, LLC since their formation in November 2009. Mr. Happel has over 20 years of experience investing in real estate.
| Q: | Do you currently have any shares outstanding? |
| A: | Yes. On September 2, 2010, we sold 20,000 shares to New York Recovery Special Limited Partnership, LLC, the parent of our advisor, for an aggregate purchase price of $200,000. |
In addition, in December 2009, we commenced a private offering to “accredited investors” as that term is defined in Regulation D as promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, of up to $50,000,000 in shares of our 8% series A convertible preferred stock (or the preferred shares) subject to an option to increase the offering up to $100,000,000 in shares of our preferred stock, which we refer to as the “private offering.” Pursuant to the terms of the private offering, the private offering terminated on September 2, 2010, the effective date of the registration statement. We received aggregate gross offering proceeds, net of certain discounts, of approximately $16.9 million from the sale of shares in the private offering. The preferred shares are convertible in whole or in part into shares of our common stock after September 2, 2011, the first anniversary of the final closing of the private offering, on a one-for-one basis. The purchase price for the preferred shares was the conversion price. The purchase price for the preferred shares was based upon the total investment made by each investor in the private offering as follows: (i) $9.00 per preferred share for investments less than $150,000; (ii) $8.75 per preferred share for investments greater than or equal to $150,000 but less than $200,000; and (iii) $8.50 per preferred share for investments greater than or equal to $200,000. This conversion price is at a discount from the public offering price of our common stock pursuant to this offering and resulted in dilution of our common stockholders’ interest in us.
On December 15, 2011, we exercised our option to convert all our outstanding preferred shares into approximately 2.0 million shares of common stock on a one-for-one basis. The conversion of the preferred shares into common shares resulted in dilution of our common stockholders’ interest in us.
As of December 31, 2011, there were approximately 6.6 million shares of our common stock outstanding, including restricted stock, converted preferred shares and shares issued under our distribution reinvestment plan. As of December 31, 2011, there were approximately 143.4 million shares of our common stock available for sale, excluding shares available under our distribution reinvestment plan.
| Q: | Do you currently own any real estate? |
| A: | We currently own only nine properties. Because we have not identified any other properties to acquire, we are considered a blind pool. Because we purchased our first property on June 22, 2010, you do not need to be concerned about possible “legacy issues” related to assets acquired before the commencement of this offering. As specific investments become probable, we will supplement this prospectus to provide information regarding the probable investment to the extent it is material to an investment decision with respect to our common stock. We also will describe material changes to our portfolio, including the closing of property acquisitions, by means of a supplement to this prospectus. |
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| Q: | If I buy shares in this offering, how may I sell them later? |
| A: | At the time you purchase the shares, they will not be listed for trading on any national securities exchange or over-the-counter market. Until our shares are listed, if ever, you may not sell your shares unless the buyer meets the applicable suitability and minimum purchase standards and the sale does not violate state securities laws. |
In order to provide stockholders with the benefit of some interim liquidity, our board of directors has adopted a share repurchase program that enables our stockholders to sell their shares back to us after you have held them for at least one year, subject to the significant conditions and limitations in our share repurchase program.
| Q: | Will you offer stockholders an opportunity to re-invest their distributions? |
| A: | Yes, pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan, stockholders may elect to have the distributions they receive from us reinvested, in whole or in part, in additional shares of our common stock. The purchase price per share under our distribution reinvestment plan will be the higher of 95% of the fair market value per share as determined by our board of directors and $9.50 per share. |
| Q: | How does a “best efforts” offering work? |
| A: | When shares are offered to the public on a “best efforts” basis, the dealer manager is required to use only its best efforts to sell the shares and has no firm commitment or obligation to purchase any of the shares. Therefore, we may not sell all the shares that we are offering. |
| A: | An investment in our shares may be appropriate for you if you meet the minimum suitability standards mentioned above, seek to diversify your personal portfolio with a finite-life, real estate-based investment, which among its benefits hedges against inflation and the volatility of the stock market, seek to receive current income, seek to preserve capital, wish to obtain the benefits of potential long-term capital appreciation, and are able to hold your investment for a time period consistent with our liquidity plans. Persons who require immediate liquidity or guaranteed income, or who seek a short-term investment, are not appropriate investors for us, as our shares will not meet those needs. |
| Q: | May I make an investment through my IRA, SEP or other tax-deferred account? |
| A: | Yes. You may make an investment through your individual retirement account, or an IRA, a simplified employee pension, or a SEP, plan or other tax-deferred account. In making these investment decisions, you should consider, at a minimum, (a) whether the investment is in accordance with the documents and instruments governing your IRA, plan or other account, (b) whether the investment satisfies the fiduciary requirements associated with your IRA, plan or other account, (c) whether the investment will generate unrelated business taxable income, or a UBTI, to your IRA, plan or other account, (d) whether there is sufficient liquidity for such investment under your IRA, plan or other account, (e) the need to value the assets of your IRA, plan or other account annually or more frequently, and (f) whether the investment would constitute a prohibited transaction under applicable law. |
| Q: | In buying shares, are there any requirements that must be met? |
| A: | Generally, you may buy shares pursuant to this prospectus if you have either (a) a net worth of at least $70,000 and a gross annual income of at least $70,000, or (b) a net worth of at least $250,000. For this purpose, net worth does not include your home, home furnishings and automobiles. Residents of certain states may have a different standard. You should carefully read the more detailed description under the section entitled “Investor Suitability Standards” immediately following the cover page of this prospectus. |
In addition, generally, you must invest at least $2,500. Investors who already own our shares can make additional purchases for less than the minimum investment. You should carefully read the more detailed description of the minimum investment requirements appearing under the section entitled “Investor Suitability Standards” immediately following the cover page of this prospectus.
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| Q: | What types of reports on my investment and tax information will I receive? |
| A: | We will provide you with periodic updates on the performance of your investment with us, including: |
| • | following our commencement of distributions to stockholders, four quarterly or 12 monthly distribution reports; |
| • | three quarterly financial reports; |
| • | an annual U.S. Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, Form 1099, if applicable; and |
| • | supplements to the prospectus during the offering period, via mailings or website access. |
In addition, if applicable, your IRS Form 1099 tax information will be placed in the mail by January 31 of each year.
| Q: | How do I subscribe for shares? |
| A: | If you choose to purchase shares in this offering and you are not already a stockholder, you will need to complete and sign the subscription agreement in the form attached hereto as Appendix C-1 for a specific number of shares and pay for the shares at the time you subscribe. Alternatively, unless you are an investor in Alabama or Tennessee, you may complete and sign the multi-offerings subscription agreement in the form attached hereto as Appendix C-2, which may be used to purchase shares in this offering as well as shares of other products distributed by our dealer manager;provided, however, that an investor has received the relevant prospectus(es) and meets the requisite criteria and suitability standards for any such other product(s). |
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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
This prospectus summary highlights material information contained elsewhere in this prospectus. Because it is a summary, it may not contain all the information that is important to you. To understand this offering fully, you should read the entire prospectus carefully, including the “Risk Factors” section and the financial statements, before making a decision to invest in our common stock.
American Realty Capital New York Recovery REIT, Inc.
American Realty Capital New York Recovery REIT, Inc., incorporated on October 6, 2009, is a Maryland corporation that qualified as a REIT commencing with its taxable year ending December 31, 2010. Among other requirements, REITs are required to annually distribute to their stockholders at least 90% of their taxable income (which does not equal net income, as calculated in accordance with GAAP), determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gain.
We expect to use the net proceeds from this offering primarily to acquire high quality income-producing commercial real estate located in the New York MSA, and, in particular, New York City, with a focus on office and retail properties. In the current market environment we believe it is possible to buy high-quality commercial real estate in New York City at a discount to replacement cost and with potential for substantial appreciation. We may purchase properties or make other real estate investments that relate to varying property types, including office, retail, multi-family residential, industrial and hotel. Other real estate investments may include equity or debt interests, including securities, in other real estate entities. We also may originate or invest in real estate debt. We expect our real estate debt originations and investments to be focused on first mortgage loans, but they also may include real estate-related bridge loans, mezzanine loans and securitized debt. We do not plan to acquire undeveloped land, develop new real estate or substantially re-develop existing real estate. We also do not intend to invest in assets located outside of the United States.
Our executive offices are located at 405 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10022. Our telephone number is 212-415-6500, our fax number is 212-421-5799 and the e-mail address of our investor relations department isinvestorservices@americanrealtycap.com. Additional information about us and our affiliates may be obtained atwww.americanrealtycap.com, but the contents of that site are not incorporated by reference in or otherwise a part of this prospectus.
Our Investment Objectives
Our investment goals are as follows:
| • | New York City Focus — Acquire high-quality commercial real estate in the New York MSA, and in particular, New York City; |
| • | Stabilized Office and Retail Properties — Buy primarily stabilized office and retail properties with 80% or greater occupancy at the time of purchase; |
| • | Discount to Replacement Cost — Purchase properties valued using current market rents at a substantial discount to replacement cost and with significant potential for appreciation; |
| • | Low Leverage — Finance our portfolio opportunistically at a target leverage level of not more than 40% to 50% loan-to-value (calculated after the close of this offering and once we have invested substantially all the proceeds of this offering); |
| • | Diversified Tenant Mix — Lease to a diversified group of tenants with a bias toward lease terms of five years or greater; |
| • | Monthly Distributions — Pay distributions monthly, covered by funds from operations; |
| • | 5-Year Exit — Exit after New York property markets recover, which we expect to be not later than five years after the end of this offering; |
| • | Maximize Total Returns — Maximize total returns to our shareholders through a combination of realized appreciation and current income. |
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Our real estate team is led by seasoned professionals who have institutional experience investing through various real estate cycles. Each of our chief executive officer, president, chief investment officer and chief operating officer has more than 20 years of real estate experience. In addition, our chief financial officer has ten years of real estate experience and our secretary has seven years of real estate experience. We believe a number of factors differentiate us from other non-traded REITs, including our geographic focus, our lack of legacy issues, our opportunistic buy and sell strategy, and our institutional management team.
Our Advisor
New York Recovery Advisors, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, is our external advisor and is responsible for managing our affairs on a day-to-day basis. Our advisor’s responsibilities include, but are not limited to, identifying potential investments, evaluating potential investments, making investments, asset management, asset dispositions, financial reporting, regulatory compliance, investor relations and other administrative functions on our behalf. Our advisor is an affiliate of American Realty Capital and may contract with third parties or affiliates of American Realty Capital to perform or assist with these functions.
Our Sponsor
American Realty Capital III, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, which is directly or indirectly controlled by Nicholas S. Schorsch and William M. Kahane, controls our advisor and is our sponsor. American Realty Capital III, LLC owns 100% of the interests in New York Recovery Special Limited Partnership, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, which also is a special limited partner of our operating partnership, and which wholly owns our advisor.
Our Board
We operate under the direction of our board of directors, the members of which are accountable to us and our stockholders as fiduciaries. Currently, we have five directors, Nicholas S. Schorsch, William M. Kahane, Scott J. Bowman, William G. Stanley and Robert H. Burns. Each of the latter three directors is independent of our advisor, New York Recovery Advisors, LLC. Each of our executive officers and Messrs. Schorsch and Kahane is affiliated with our advisor. Our charter, which requires that a majority of our directors be independent of us, our sponsor, our advisor or any of our or their affiliates, provides that our independent directors will be responsible for reviewing the performance of our advisor and must approve certain other matters set forth in our charter. In addition, Michael A. Happel acts as an observer to our board of directors. See the section entitled “Conflicts of Interest — Certain Conflict Resolution Procedures” in this prospectus. Our directors will be elected annually by the stockholders. Although we have executive officers who manage our operations, we do not have any paid employees.
Our Operating Partnership
We expect to own substantially all our real estate properties through New York Recovery Operating Partnership, L.P., our operating partnership. We may, however, own properties directly, through subsidiaries of New York Recovery Operating Partnership, L.P. or through other entities. We are the sole general partner of New York Recovery Operating Partnership, L.P. and New York Recovery Advisors, LLC is the initial limited partner of New York Recovery Operating Partnership, L.P. Our structure, which involves ownership of properties through New York Recovery Operating Partnership, L.P., is referred to as an “UPREIT” structure. This UPREIT structure may enable sellers of properties to transfer their properties to New York Recovery Operating Partnership, L.P. in exchange for limited partnership units of New York Recovery Operating Partnership, L.P. and defer potential gain recognition for U.S. federal income tax purposes with respect to such transfers of properties. The holders of units in New York Recovery Operating Partnership, L.P. may have their units exchanged for the cash value of a corresponding number of shares of our common stock or, at our option, a corresponding number of shares of our common stock. At present, we have no plans to acquire any specific properties in exchange for units of New York Recovery Operating Partnership, L.P.
We present our financial statements, operating partnership income, expenses and depreciation on a consolidated basis with New York Recovery Operating Partnership, L.P. We intend to maintain the status of New York Recovery Operating Partnership, L.P. as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As such, New York Recovery Operating Partnership, L.P. is required to file a U.S. federal income tax return on
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IRS Form 1065 (or any applicable successor form). Pursuant to its limited partnership agreement, an allocable share of items of income, gain, deduction (including depreciation), loss and credit, flows through New York Recovery Operating Partnership, L.P. to us to be included in the computation of our net taxable income for U.S. federal income tax purposes and is reported to us on a Schedule K-1 to such Form 1065 (or any applicable successor form and/or schedule). However, these tax items generally do not flow through us to our stockholders. Rather, in general, our net income and net capital gain effectively flow through us to our stockholders as and when dividends are paid to our stockholders.
Our REIT Status
If we remain qualified as a REIT, we generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our net taxable income that we distribute currently to our stockholders. Under the Code, a REIT is subject to numerous organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that it generally distribute annually to its stockholders at least 90% of its REIT taxable income (which does not equal net income, as calculated in accordance with GAAP), determined without regard to deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gain. If we fail to qualify for taxation as a REIT in any year, our income will be taxed at regular corporate rates, and we may be precluded from qualifying for treatment as a REIT for the four-year period following our failure to qualify. Even if we qualify as a REIT, we may still be subject to U.S. federal, state and local taxes on our income and property and to U.S. federal income and excise taxes on our undistributed income.
Summary Risk Factors
Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. If we are unable to effectively manage the impact of these risks, we may not meet our investment objectives, and therefore, you should purchase these securities only if you can afford a complete loss of your investment. See the section entitled “Risk Factors” in this prospectus for a discussion of the risks which should be considered in connection with your investment in our common stock. Some of the more significant risks relating to this offering and an investment in our shares include the following:
| • | We have a limited operating history and have no established financing sources; |
| • | This is a blind pool offering and you may not have the opportunity to evaluate our investments before you make your purchase of our common stock, thus making your investment more speculative; |
| • | We currently own only nine properties and have not identified any other properties to acquire with the offering proceeds; |
| • | No public market currently exists, or may ever exist, for shares of our common stock and our shares are, and may continue to be, illiquid; |
| • | If we, through New York Recovery Advisors, LLC, are unable to find suitable investments, then we may not be able to achieve our investment objectives or pay distributions; |
| • | Our properties may be adversely affected by the current economic downturn, as well as economic cycles and risks inherent to the New York MSA, especially New York City; |
| • | If we are unable to raise substantial funds, we will be limited in the number and type of investments we may make and the value of your investment in us will fluctuate with the performance of the specific properties we acquire; |
| • | If only a minimal number of shares is sold in this offering, our ability to diversify our investments will be limited; |
| • | We may be unable to pay or maintain cash distributions or increase distributions over time; |
| • | We may pay distributions from unlimited amounts of any source. For example, we may borrow money or use proceeds of this offering to make distributions to our stockholders if we are unable to make distributions with our cash flows from our operations. Such distributions could reduce the cash available to us and could constitute a return of capital to stockholders; |
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| • | Our share repurchase program is subject to numerous restrictions, may be cancelled at any time and should not be relied upon as a means of liquidity; |
| • | There are numerous conflicts of interest between the interests of investors and our interests and the interests of our advisor, our sponsor and their respective affiliates; |
| • | The incentive advisor fee structure may result in our advisor recommending riskier or more speculative investments; |
| • | Our investment objectives and strategies may be changed without stockholder consent; |
| • | We are obligated to pay substantial fees to our advisor and its affiliates, including fees payable upon the sale of properties; |
| • | There are significant risks associated with maintaining as high level of leverage as permitted under our charter (which permits leverage of up to 300% of our total “net assets” (as defined by the NASAA REIT Guidelines) as of the date of any borrowing, which is generally expected to be approximately 75% of the cost of our investments); |
| • | There are limitations on ownership and transferability of our shares; |
| • | We are subject to risks associated with the significant dislocations and liquidity disruptions currently existing or occurring in the United States credit markets; |
| • | We may fail to continue to qualify as a REIT; |
| • | Our dealer manager has not conducted an independent review of this prospectus; and |
| • | We may be deemed to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act and thus subject to regulation under the Investment Company Act. |
Terms and Status of the Offering
We are offering an aggregate of up to 150.0 million shares of common stock in our primary offering on a best efforts basis at $10.00 per share. Discounts are available for certain categories of purchasers as described in the “Plan of Distribution” section of this prospectus. We also are offering up to 25.0 million shares of common stock under our distribution reinvestment plan at $9.50 per share, subject to certain limitations, as described in the “Distribution Reinvestment Plan” section of this prospectus. We will offer shares of common stock in our primary offering until the earlier of September 2, 2012, which is two years from the effective date of this offering, and the date we sell 150.0 million shares. If we have not sold all the shares within two years, we may continue the primary offering for an additional year until September 2, 2013. If we decide to continue our primary offering beyond two years from the date of this prospectus, we will provide that information in a prospectus supplement. This offering must be registered in every state in which we offer or sell shares. Generally, such registrations are for a period of one year. Thus, we may have to stop selling shares in any state in which our registration is not renewed or otherwise extended annually. We may sell shares under the distribution reinvestment plan beyond the termination of our primary offering until we have sold 25.0 million shares through the reinvestment of distributions, but only if there is an effective registration statement with respect to the shares. We reserve the right to reallocate the shares of common stock we are offering between the primary offering and our distribution reinvestment plan. In some states, we may not be able to continue the offering for these periods without filing a new registration statement, or in the case of shares sold under the distribution reinvestment plan, renew or extend the registration statement in such state. We may terminate this offering at any time prior to the stated termination date. Our directors, officers, advisor and their respective affiliates may purchase for investment shares of our common stock in this offering and such purchases will not count toward meeting this minimum threshold.
We commenced our reasonable best efforts initial public offering of 150.0 million shares of common stock on September 2, 2010. On December 9, 2010, we satisfied the escrow conditions of our public offering of common stock (except for Pennsylvania). On such date, we received and accepted aggregate subscriptions in excess of the minimum of $2.0 million in shares, broke escrow and issued shares of common stock to our initial investors who were admitted as stockholders. On August 4, 2011, we broke escrow on approximately
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$3,400 of subscriptions from investors from Tennessee, which were maintained at our third-party escrow agent, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, until we had sold at least $20 million of shares of our common stock.
We will not sell any shares to Pennsylvania residents unless we have received an aggregate of $75 million in subscriptions from all investors pursuant to this offering. Pending a satisfaction of this condition, all subscription payments from Pennsylvania residents will be placed in an account held by the escrow agent, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, in trust for subscribers’ benefit, pending release to us. Funds in escrow will be invested in short-term investments that can be readily sold or otherwise disposed of for cash without any dissipation of the offering proceeds invested.
As of December 31, 2011, we had acquired nine commercial properties which were approximately 91.0% leased on a weighted average basis as of such date. As of December 31, 2011, we had total real estate investments, at cost, of approximately $124.2 million. As of September 30, 2011, we had incurred, cumulatively to that date, approximately $9.6 million in selling commissions, dealer manager fees and other organizational and offering costs for the sale of our common stock.
As of December 31, 2011, we had received aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $46.0 million from the sale of approximately 4.6 million shares of common stock in our public offering. As of December 31, 2011, there were approximately 6.6 million shares of our common stock outstanding, including restricted stock, converted preferred shares and shares issued under our distribution reinvestment plan. As of December 31, 2011, there were approximately 143.4 million shares of our common stock available for sale, excluding shares available under our distribution reinvestment plan.
Estimated Use of Proceeds of This Offering
Depending primarily on the number of shares we sell in this offering, the amounts listed in the table below represent our current estimates concerning the use of the offering proceeds. Since these are estimates, they may not accurately reflect the actual receipt or application of the offering proceeds. The estimates assume that we sell the maximum number of 150.0 million shares in this offering, and contemplate an offering price of $10.00 per share. We estimate that for each share sold in this offering, approximately $8.72 (assuming no shares available under our distribution reinvestment plan) will be available for the purchase of real estate. We will use the remainder of the offering proceeds to pay the costs of the offering, including selling commissions and the dealer manager fee, and to pay a fee to our advisor for its services in connection with the selection and acquisition of properties. We will not pay selling commissions or a dealer manager fee on shares sold under our distribution reinvestment plan.
Subject to limitations adopted by our board, we have discretion to purchase properties or make other real estate investments that relate to varying property types in various locations including office, retail, multifamily residential, industrial, and hotel. Assuming the maximum amount of the offering is raised, we currently estimate that approximately 70% of our assets will be, directly or indirectly, office or retail properties in New York City and the remaining 30% of our assets will be, directly or indirectly, other asset types in the New York MSA that meet our investment criteria, including, but not limited to, multifamily residential, industrial and hotel properties or other real estate investments such as real estate debt. We expect the size of individual properties that we purchase to vary significantly but most of the properties we acquire are likely to have a purchase price between $10 million and $500 million. See the section entitled “Investment Strategy, Objectives and Policies — Investment Limitations” in this prospectus for a more detailed discussion of the limitations of the assets we may acquire.
If we encounter delays in the selection, acquisition or development of income-producing properties, we may pay all or a substantial portion of our distributions from the proceeds of this offering or from borrowings in anticipation of future cash flow.
The table does not give effect to special sales or volume discounts which could reduce selling commissions and many of the figures represent management’s best estimate because they cannot be precisely calculated at this time.
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| | Maximum Offering (Not Including Distribution Reinvestment Plan) |
| | Amount | | Percent |
Gross offering proceeds | | $ | 1,500,000,000 | | | | 100.0 | % |
Less offering expenses:
| | | | | | | | |
Selling commissions and dealer manager fee | | $ | 150,000,000 | | | | 10.0 | |
Organization and offering expenses | | $ | 22,500,000 | | | | 1.5 | |
Amount available for investment | | $ | 1,327,500,000 | | | | 88.5 | % |
Acquisition:
| | | | | | | | |
Acquisition and advisory fees | | $ | 13,275,000 | | | | 0.9 | |
Acquisition expenses | | $ | 6,637,500 | | | | 0.4 | |
Amount invested in properties | | $ | 1,307,587,500 | | | | 87.2 | % |
Prior Offerings
For a summary of the prior offerings of our affiliates, see the section entitled “Prior Performance Summary” in this prospectus.
Distribution Policy
To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we generally are required to make aggregate annual distributions to our stockholders of at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (which does not equal net income, as calculated in accordance with GAAP), determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gain, and pay tax at regular corporate rates to the extent that we annually distribute less than 100% of our REIT taxable income. Our board of directors may authorize distributions in excess of those required for us to maintain REIT status depending on our financial condition and such other factors as our board of directors deems relevant.
Distributions that you receive (not designated as capital gain dividends, or, for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2013, qualified dividend income), including distributions reinvested pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan, will be taxed as ordinary income to the extent they are paid from our earnings and profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes). However, distributions that we designate as capital gain dividends generally will be taxable as long-term capital gain to the extent that they are attributable to net capital gain recognized by us. Some portion of your distributions may not be subject to tax in the year in which they are received because depreciation expense reduces the amount of taxable income, but does not reduce cash available for distribution. The portion of your distribution which is not designated as a capital gain dividend, or, for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2013, qualified dividend income, and is in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits is considered a return of capital for U.S. federal income tax purposes and will reduce the adjusted tax basis of your investment, but not below zero, deferring such portion of your tax until your investment is sold or our company is liquidated, at which time you will be taxed at capital gains rates. To the extent such portion of your distribution exceeds the adjusted tax basis in your investment, such excess will be treated as capital gain if you hold your shares of stock as a capital asset for U.S. federal income tax purposes. We will furnish annually to each of our stockholders a statement setting forth distributions paid during the preceding year and their characterization as ordinary income, return of capital, qualified dividend income or capital gain. Please note that each investor’s tax considerations are different, so, you should consult with your tax advisor prior to making an investment in our shares. You also should review the section of this prospectus entitled “Certain Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations.”
On September 22, 2010, our board of directors declared a distribution rate equal to a 6.05% annualized rate based on the offering price of $10.00 per share of our common stock, commencing December 1, 2010. The distributions will be payable by the 5th day following each month end to stockholders of record at the close of business each day during the prior month. The dividend will be calculated based on stockholders of record each day during the applicable period at a rate of $0.00165753424 per day.
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In conjunction with the offering of the Series A convertible preferred stock, the board of directors announced its intention to declare, on a monthly basis, cumulative cash distributions at the rate of 8% per annum of the $9.00 liquidation preference per share (resulting in a distribution rate of 8.23% of the purchase price of the convertible preferred stock if the purchase price was $8.75 and a distribution rate of 8.47% of the purchase price of the convertible preferred stock if the purchase price was $8.50). The distribution on each of our shares was cumulative from the first date on which such share was issued and we aggregated and paid the distributions monthly in arrears on or about the first business day of each month. On December 15, 2011, we exercised our option to convert all our outstanding preferred shares into shares of common stock.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2011, distributions paid to common and preferred stockholders totaled $1.6 million, inclusive of approximately $0.2 million of distributions reinvested pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan. Distribution payments are dependent on the availability of funds. Our board of directors may reduce the amount of distributions paid or suspend distribution payments at any time and therefore distribution payments are not assured.
As of September 30, 2011, cash used to pay our distributions was primarily generated from property operating results and the sale of shares of common stock. We have continued to pay distributions to our stockholders each month since our initial distributions payment in April 2010. There is no assurance that we will continue to declare distributions at this rate.
We expect to continue paying distributions monthly unless our results of operations, our general financial conditions, general economic conditions, applicable provisions of Maryland law or other factors make it imprudent to do so. The timing and amount of distributions will be determined by our board of directors, in its discretion, and may vary from time to time. The board’s discretion will be influenced in substantial part by its obligation to cause us to comply with REIT requirements of the Internal Revenue Code. We have not established any limit on the amount of proceeds from this offering that may be used to fund distributions, except that, in accordance with our organizational documents and Maryland law, we may not make distributions that would: (1) cause us to be unable to pay our debts as they become due in the usual course of business; (2) cause our total assets to be less than the sum of our total liabilities plus senior liquidation preferences, if any; or (3) jeopardize our ability to qualify as a REIT.
If we do not have enough cash to make distributions, we may fund distributions from unlimited amounts of any source, including borrowing funds, using proceeds from this offering, issuing additional securities or selling assets in order to fund distributions. Until we are generating operating cash flow sufficient to make distributions to our stockholders, we intend to pay all or a substantial portion of our distributions from the proceeds of this offering or from borrowings, including possible borrowings from our advisor or its affiliates, in anticipation of future cash flow, which may reduce the amount of capital we ultimately invest in properties or other permitted investments, and negatively impact the value of your investment. Each distribution will be accompanied by a notice which sets forth: (a) the record date; (b) the amount per share that will be distributed; (c) the equivalent annualized yield; (d) the amount and percentage of the distributions paid from operations, offering proceeds and other sources; (e) the aggregate amount of such distribution; and (f) for those investors participating in the distribution reinvestment plan, a statement that a distribution statement will be provided in lieu of a check.
Status of Fees Paid and Deferred
Through September 30, 2011, we incurred from our advisor $3.3 million for organization and offering costs related to our ongoing offering of common stock and paid $1.6 million and $0.3 million of acquisition fees and financing coordination fees, respectively, to our advisor. No property management fees or asset management fees were paid to our property manager or advisor.
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Real Estate Investment Summary
Real Estate Portfolio
The Company acquires and operates commercial properties. All such properties may be acquired and operated by the Company alone or jointly with another party. As of December 31, 2011, all the properties the Company owned were approximately 91.0% occupied on a weighted average basis. The Company’s portfolio of real estate properties is comprised of the following properties as of December 31, 2011 (net operating income and base purchase price in thousands):
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Portfolio Property | | Acquisition Date | | Number of Properties | | Rentable Square Feet | | Occupancy | | Remaining Lease Term(1) | | Annualized Net Operating Income(2) | | Base Purchase Price(3) | | Capitalization Rate(4) | | Annualized Rental Income(5) per Occupied Square Foot |
Interior Design Building | | | Jun. 2010 | | | | 1 | | | | 81,082 | | | | 85.4 | % | | | 4.4 | | | $ | 2,214 | | | $ | 32,250 | | | | 6.9 | % | | $ | 43.69 | |
Bleecker Street(6) | | | Dec. 2010 | | | | 3 | | | | 9,724 | | | | 100.0 | % | | | 8.2 | | | | 2,451 | | | | 34,000 | | | | 7.2 | % | | | 262.65 | |
Foot Locker | | | Apr. 2011 | | | | 1 | | | | 6,118 | | | | 100.0 | % | | | 14.1 | | | | 455 | | | | 6,167 | | | | 7.4 | % | | | 74.37 | |
Regal Parking Garage | | | Jun. 2011 | | | | 1 | | | | 12,856 | | | | 100.0 | % | | | 22.6 | | | | 405 | | | | 5,400 | | | | 7.5 | % | | | 31.50 | |
Duane Reade | | | Oct. 2011 | | | | 1 | | | | 9,767 | | | | 100.0 | % | | | 16.8 | | | | 960 | | | | 14,000 | | | | 6.9 | % | | | 98.29 | |
Washington Street | | | Nov. 2011 | | | | 1 | | | | 22,306 | | | | 100.0 | % | | | 13.5 | | | | 910 | | | | 9,860 | | | | 9.2 | % | | | 47.34 | |
One Jackson Square | | | Nov. 2011 | | | | 1 | | | | 7,080 | | | | 77.8 | % | | | 16.4 | | | | 1,395 | | | | 22,500 | | | | 6.2 | % | | | 259.35 | |
| | | | | | | 9 | | | | 148,933 | | | | 91.0 | % | | | 10.7 | | | $ | 8,790 | | | $ | 124,177 | | | | 7.1 | % | | $ | 71.02 | |
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| (1) | Remaining lease term in years as of December 31, 2011, calculated on a weighted-average basis. |
| (2) | Annualized net operating income for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 for the leases in place in the property portfolio as of December 31, 2011. Annualized net operating income is annualized rental income on a straight-line basis, which include tenant concessions such as free rent, as applicable, plus operating expense reimbursement revenue less property operating expenses. Reflects adjustments for lease terminations and lease amendments with tenants in the Interior Design Building. |
| (3) | Contract purchase price, excluding acquisition related costs. |
| (4) | Net operating income as of September 30, 2011 divided by base purchase price. |
| (5) | Annualized rental income as of December 31, 2011 for the property portfolio on a straight-line basis, which includes tenant concessions such as free rent, as applicable, plus operating expense reimbursement revenue less property operating expenses. |
| (6) | Non-controlling interest holders contributed $13.0 million to purchase this portfolio. |
We believe that our real estate properties are suitable for their intended purpose and adequately covered by insurance. We are considering approximately $1.0 million of potential capital expenditures in the Interior Design Building that may occur over the next 12 to 24 months.
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Future Lease Expirations
The following is a summary of lease expirations for the next ten years at the properties we own as of December 31, 2011 (dollar amounts in thousands):
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Year of Expiration | | Number of Leases Expiring | | Annualized Rental Income(1) | | Annualized Rental Income as a Percentage of the Total Portfolio | | Leased Rentable Sq. Ft. | | Percent of Portfolio Rentable Sq. Ft. Expiring |
2012 | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
2013 | | | 1 | | | | 86 | | | | 0.9 | % | | | 1,884 | | | | 1.4 | % |
2014 | | | 4 | | | | 720 | | | | 7.5 | % | | | 21,797 | | | | 16.1 | % |
2015 | | | 1 | | | | 49 | | | | 0.5 | % | | | 1,565 | | | | 1.2 | % |
2016 | | | 7 | | | | 1,477 | | | | 15.3 | % | | | 24,961 | | | | 18.4 | % |
2017 | | | 8 | | | | 1,843 | | | | 19.1 | % | | | 30,445 | | | | 22.5 | % |
2018 | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
2019 | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
2020 | | | 2 | | | | 1,170 | | | | 12.2 | % | | | 5,450 | | | | 4.0 | % |
2021 | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Total | | | 23 | | | $ | 5,345 | | | | 55.5 | % | | | 86,102 | | | | 63.6 | % |
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| (1) | Annualized rental income as of December 31, 2011 on a straight-line basis, which includes tenant concessions such as free rent, as applicable. |
Tenant Concentration
The following table lists the tenants whose annualized rental income on a straight-line basis represented greater than 10% of total annualized rental income for all portfolio properties on a straight-line basis as of December 31, 2011:
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Portfolio Property | | Tenant | | As of December 31, 2011 |
One Jackson Square | | | TD Bank | | | | 12.2 | % |
Bleecker Street | | | Burberry Limited | | | | 10.7 | % |
Duane Reade | | | Duane Reade | | | | 10.0 | % |
The termination, delinquency or non-renewal of one of the above tenants may have a material adverse effect on revenues. No other tenant represents more than 10% of annualized rental income as of December 31, 2011.
The following table lists tenants whose rentable square footage is greater than 10% of the total portfolio square footage as of December 31, 2011 (annualized rental income in thousands):
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Tenant | | Number of Units Occupied by Tenant | | Rentable Square Feet | | Rentable Square Feet as a% of Total Portfolio | | Lease Expiration | | Average Remaining Lease Term(1) | | Renewal Options | | Annualized Rental Income(2) | | Annual Rent per Sq. Ft. |
Empire Parking Corp. | | | 1 | | | | 15,055 | | | | 11.1 | % | | | Mar. 2030 | | | | 18.3 | | | | None | | | $ | 660 | | | $ | 43.85 | |
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| (1) | Remaining lease term in years as of December 31, 2011. Annualized rental income as of December 31, 2011 for the tenant on a straight-line basis. |
Leverage Policy
Under our charter, the maximum amount of our total indebtedness shall not exceed 300% of our total “net assets” (as defined by the Statement of Policy Regarding Real Estate Investment Trusts revised and adopted by the North American Securities Administrators Association on May 7, 2007, or the NASAA REIT Guidelines) as of the date of any borrowing, which is generally expected to be approximately 75% of the cost
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of our investments; however, we may exceed that limit if approved by a majority of our independent directors and disclosed to stockholders in our next quarterly report following such borrowing along with justification for exceeding such limit. This charter limitation, however, does not apply to individual real estate assets or investments.
In addition, it is currently our intention to limit our aggregate borrowings to 40% to 50% of the aggregate fair market value of our assets (calculated after the close of this offering and once we have invested substantially all the proceeds of this offering), unless borrowing a greater amount is approved by a majority of our independent directors and disclosed to stockholders in our next quarterly report following such borrowing along with justification for borrowing such a greater amount. This limitation, however, will not apply to individual real estate assets or investments. At the date of acquisition of each asset, we anticipate that that the cost of investment for such asset will be substantially similar to its fair market value, which will enable us to satisfy our requirements under the NASAA REIT Guidelines. However, subsequent events, including changes in the fair market value of our assets, could result in our exceeding these limits. See the section entitled “Investment Strategy, Objectives and Polices — Financing Strategies and Policies” in this prospectus for a more detailed discussion of our borrowing policies.
Exit Strategy — Liquidity Event
It is our intention to begin the process of achieving a Liquidity Event not later than three to five years after the termination of this primary offering. A “Liquidity Event” could include a sale of our assets, a sale or merger of our company, a listing of our common stock on a national securities exchange, or other similar transaction.
If we do not begin the process of achieving a Liquidity Event by the fifth anniversary of the termination of this offering, our charter requires, unless extended by a majority of the board of directors and a majority of the independent directors, that we hold a stockholders meeting to vote on a proposal for our orderly liquidation of our portfolio. If the adoption of a plan of liquidation is postponed, our board of directors will reconsider whether liquidation is in the best interests of our stockholders at least annually. Further postponement of the adoption of a plan of liquidation will only be permitted if a majority of the directors, including a majority of independent directors, determines that a liquidation would not be in the best interests of our stockholders. If our stockholders do not approve the proposal, we will resubmit the proposal by proxy statement to our stockholders up to once every two years upon the written request of stockholders owning in the aggregate at least 10% of our then-outstanding common stock.
Market conditions and other factors could cause us to delay our Liquidity Event beyond the fifth anniversary of the termination of this primary offering. Even after we decide to pursue a Liquidity Event, we are under no obligation to conclude our Liquidity Event within a set time frame because the timing of our Liquidity Event will depend on real estate market conditions, financial market conditions, U.S. federal income tax consequences to stockholders, and other conditions that may prevail in the future. We also cannot assure you that we will be able to achieve a Liquidity Event.
Conflicts of Interest
New York Recovery Advisors, LLC, as our advisor, will experience conflicts of interest in connection with the management of our business affairs, including the following:
| • | The management personnel of New York Recovery Advisors, LLC, each of whom may in the future make investment decisions for other American Realty Capital-sponsored programs and direct investments, must determine which investment opportunities to recommend to us or another American Realty Capital-sponsored program or joint venture, and must determine how to allocate resources among us and any other future American Realty Capital-sponsored programs; |
| • | New York Recovery Advisors, LLC may structure the terms of joint ventures between us and other American Realty Capital-sponsored programs; |
| • | We have retained New York Recovery Properties, LLC, an affiliate of New York Recovery Advisors, LLC, to manage and lease some or all our properties. |
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| • | New York Recovery Advisors, LLC and its affiliates will have to allocate their time between us and other real estate programs and activities in which they may be involved in the future; and |
| • | New York Recovery Advisors, LLC and its affiliates will receive fees in connection with transactions involving the purchase, financing, management and sale of our properties, and, because our advisor does not maintain a significant equity interest in us and is entitled to receive substantial minimum compensation regardless of performance, our advisor’s interests are not wholly aligned with those of our stockholders. |
Our officers and two of our directors also will face these conflicts because of their affiliation with New York Recovery Advisors, LLC. These conflicts of interest could result in decisions that are not in our best interests. See the section entitled “Conflicts of Interest” in this prospectus for a detailed discussion of the various conflicts of interest relating to your investment, as well as the procedures that we have established to mitigate a number of these potential conflicts.
The following chart shows the ownership structure of the various American Realty Capital entities that are affiliated with American Realty Capital New York Recovery REIT, Inc. and New York Recovery Advisors, LLC.
![[GRAPHIC MISSING]](https://capedge.com/proxy/424B3/0001144204-12-002612/v245119_chrt-flow.jpg)
| (1) | The investors in this offering will own registered shares of common stock in American Realty Capital New York Recovery REIT, Inc. |
| (2) | American Realty Capital III, LLC, our sponsor, is directly or indirectly controlled by Nicholas S. Schorsch and William M. Kahane. |
| (3) | Each property to be held in a special purpose entity. |
| (4) | Through its controlling interest in the advisor, the New York Recovery Special Limited Partnership, LLC is entitled to receive the subordinated participation in net sales proceeds and the subordinated incentive listing fee described in “Management Compensation.” |
| (5) | New York Recovery Special Limited Partnership, LLC is 100% owned by American Realty Capital III, LLC, our sponsor. |
| (6) | Realty Capital Securities, LLC is 100% owned by AR Capital, LLC (formerly known as American Realty Capital II, LLC), which is directly or indirectly controlled by Nicholas S. Schorsch and William M. Kahane. |
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Compensation to Advisor and its Affiliates
Our advisor, New York Recovery Advisors, LLC and its affiliates will receive compensation and reimbursement for services relating to this offering and the investment and management of our assets. The most significant items of compensation and reimbursement are included in the table below. In the sole discretion of our advisor, our advisor may elect to have certain fees and commissions paid, in whole or in part, in cash or shares of our common stock. In the discretion of our board of directors, the asset management fee may be paid in cash, common stock or restricted stock grants, or any combination thereof. For a more detailed discussion of compensation, see the table included in the “Management Compensation” section of this prospectus, including the footnotes thereto. The selling commissions and dealer manager fee may vary for different categories of purchasers. See the section entitled “Plan of Distribution” in this prospectus. The table below assumes the shares are sold through distribution channels associated with the highest possible selling commissions and dealer manager fees. No effect is given to any shares sold through our distribution reinvestment plan.
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Type of Compensation | | Determination of Amount | | Estimated Amount for Maximum Offering (150,000,000 shares) |
Organization and Offering Stage |
Selling Commissions | | We will pay to Realty Capital Securities, LLC 7% of gross proceeds of our primary offering; we will not pay any selling commissions on sales of shares under our distribution reinvestment plan; Realty Capital Securities, LLC will reallow all or a portion of selling commissions to participating broker-dealers. Alternatively, a participating broker-dealer may elect to receive a fee equal to 7.5% of gross proceeds from the sale of shares by such participating broker-dealer, with 2.5% thereof paid at the time of such sale and 1% thereof paid on each anniversary of the closing of such sale up to and including the fifth anniversary of the closing of such sale, in which event, a portion of the dealer manager fee will be reallowed such that the combined selling commissions and dealer manager fee do not exceed 10% of gross proceeds of our primary offering. | | $105,000,000 |
Dealer Manager Fee | | We will pay to Realty Capital Securities, LLC 3% of gross proceeds of our primary offering; we will not pay a dealer manager fee with respect to sales under our distribution reinvestment plan; Realty Capital Securities, LLC may reallow all or a portion of its dealer manager fees to participating broker-dealers. | | $45,000,000 |
Organization and Offering Expenses | | We will reimburse New York Recovery Advisors, LLC up to 1.5% of gross offering proceeds for organization and offering expenses, which may include reimbursements to our advisor for up to 0.5% of the gross offering proceeds for third party due diligence fees included in detailed and itemized invoices. | | $22,500,000 |
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Type of Compensation | | Determination of Amount | | Estimated Amount for Maximum Offering (150,000,000 shares) |
Operational Stage |
Acquisition Fees | | We will pay to New York Recovery Advisors, LLC or its assignees 1.0% of the contract purchase price of each property acquired (including our pro rata share of debt attributable to such property) and 1.0% of the amount advanced for a loan or other investment (including our pro rata share of debt attributable to such investment). For purposes of this prospectus, “contract purchase price” or the “amount advanced for a loan or other investment” means the amount actually paid or allocated in respect of the purchase, development, construction or improvement of a property or the amount actually paid or allocated in respect of the purchase of loans or other real-estate related assets, in each case inclusive of acquisition expenses and any indebtedness assumed or incurred in respect of such investment but exclusive of acquisition fees and financing fees. | | $13,275,000 (or $26,550,000 assuming we incur our expected leverage of 50% set forth in our investment guidelines or $53,100,000 assuming the maximum leverage of approximately 75% permitted by our charter) |
Acquisition Expenses | | We will reimburse New York Recovery Advisors, LLC for expenses actually incurred (including personnel costs) related to selecting, evaluating and acquiring assets on our behalf, regardless of whether we actually acquire the related assets. Personnel costs associated with providing such services will be determined based on the amount of time incurred by the respective employee of New York Recovery Advisors, LLC and the corresponding payroll and payroll related costs incurred by our affiliate. In addition, we also will pay third parties, or reimburse the advisor or its affiliates, for any investment-related expenses due to third parties, including, but not limited to, legal fees and expenses, travel and communications expenses, costs of appraisals, accounting fees and expenses, third-party brokerage or finders fees, title insurance expenses, survey expenses, property inspection expenses and other closing costs regardless of whether we acquire the related assets. We expect these expenses to be approximately 0.5% of the purchase price of each property (including our pro rata share of debt attributable to such property) and 0.5% of the amount advanced for a loan or other investment (including our pro rata share of debt attributable to such investment). In no event will the total of all acquisition fees and acquisition expenses (including any financing coordination fee) payable with respect to a particular | | $6,637,500 (or $13,275,000 assuming we incur our expected leverage of 50% set forth in our investment guidelines or $26,550,000 assuming the maximum leverage of approximately 75% permitted by our charter) |
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Type of Compensation | | Determination of Amount | | Estimated Amount for Maximum Offering (150,000,000 shares) |
| | investment exceed 4.5% of the contract purchase price of each property (including our pro rata share of debt attributable to such property) or 4.5% of the amount advanced for a loan or other investment (including our pro rata share of debt attributable to such investment). | | |
Asset Management Fees | | We will pay New York Recovery Advisors, LLC or its assignees a monthly fee equal to one-twelfth of 0.75% of the cost of our assets (cost will include the purchase price, acquisition expenses, capital expenditures and other customarily capitalized costs, but will exclude acquisition fees);provided,however, that the asset management fee shall be reduced by any amounts payable to New York Recovery Properties, LLC, our property manager, as an oversight fee, such that the aggregate of the asset management fee and the oversight fee does not exceed 0.75% per annum of the cost of our assets (cost will include the purchase price, acquisition expenses, capital expenditures and other customarily capitalized costs, but will exclude acquisition fees). This fee is payable on the first business day of each month, based on assets held by us during the preceding monthly period, adjusted for appropriate closing dates for individual property acquisitions. This fee shall be payable, at the discretion of our board of directors, in cash, common stock or restricted stock grants, or in any combination thereof. | | Not determinable at this time. Because the fee is based on a fixed percentage of aggregate asset value, there is no maximum dollar amount of this fee. |
Property Management and Leasing Fees | | If New York Recovery Properties, LLC, our property manager, provides property management and leasing services for our properties, we will pay, on a monthly basis, fees equal to 4.0% of gross revenues from the properties managed, plus market-based leasing commissions. We also will reimburse the property manager for property-level expenses that it pays or incurs on our behalf, including reasonable salaries, bonuses and benefits of persons employed by the property manager except for the salaries, bonuses and benefits of persons who also serve as one of our executive officers or as an executive officer of the property manager or its affiliates. Our property manager may subcontract the performance of its property management and leasing services duties to | | Not determinable at this time. Because the fee is based on a fixed percentage of gross revenue and/or market rates, there is no maximum dollar amount of this fee. |
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Type of Compensation | | Determination of Amount | | Estimated Amount for Maximum Offering (150,000,000 shares) |
| | third parties and pay all or a portion of its 4.0% property management fee to the third parties with whom it contracts for these services. If we contract directly with third parties for such services, we will pay them customary market fees and will pay our property manager an oversight fee equal to 1.0% of the gross revenues of the property managed. Such oversight fee will reduce the asset management fee payable to our advisor by the amount of the oversight fee. Accordingly, the asset management fee, together with the oversight fee, will not exceed the total asset management fee, which is 0.75% per annum of the cost of our assets (cost will include the purchase price, acquisition expenses, capital expenditures and other customarily capitalized costs, but will exclude acquisition fees). In no event will we pay our property manager or any affiliate both a property management fee and an oversight fee with respect to any particular property. | | |
Operating Expenses | | We will reimburse our advisor’s costs and expenses of providing services, subject to the limitation that we will not reimburse our advisor for any amount by which our total operating expenses (as defined in our charter and the advisory agreement) (including the asset management fee, but excluding organization and offering expenses, acquisition fees, acquisition expenses and certain other items) for the four preceding fiscal quarters, or expense year, exceeds the greater of (a) 2% of average invested assets and (b) 25% of net income other than any additions to reserves for depreciation, bad debt or other similar non-cash reserves and excluding any gain from the sale of assets for that period. Any such excess amount paid to our advisor during a fiscal quarter will be repaid to us or, at our option, subtracted from the total operating expenses reimbursed during the subsequent fiscal quarter. If there is an excess amount in any expense year and our independent directors determine that such excess was justified based on unusual and nonrecurring factors which they deem sufficient, then the excess amount may be carried over and included in total operating expenses in subsequent expense years and reimbursed to our advisor in one or more of such years, provided that there shall be sent to our stockholders a written disclosure of such fact, together with an explanation of the factors our independent directors considered in determining that such excess expenses were justified. For purposes of the 2% limit | | Not determinable at this time. |
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Type of Compensation | | Determination of Amount | | Estimated Amount for Maximum Offering (150,000,000 shares) |
| | described above, “average invested assets” means, for any period, the average of the aggregate book value of our assets (including lease intangibles, invested, directly or indirectly, in financial instruments, debt and equity securities and equity interests in and loans secured by real estate assets (including amounts invested in REITs and other real estate operating companies)) before reserves for depreciation or bad debts or other similar non-cash reserves, computed by taking the average of these values at the end of each month during the period. Additionally, we will not reimburse our advisor for personnel costs to the extent that such employees perform services for which the advisor receives a separate fee. | | |
Financing Coordination Fee | | If our advisor provides services in connection with the origination or refinancing of any debt that we obtain and use to finance properties or other permitted investments, or that is assumed, directly or indirectly, in connection with the acquisition of properties or other permitted investments, we will pay the advisor or its assignees a financing coordination fee equal to 0.75% of the amount available and/or outstanding under such financing or such assumed debt, subject to certain limitations. The advisor may reallow some of or all this financing coordination fee to reimburse third parties with whom it may subcontract to procure such financing. | | Not determinable at this time. Because the fee is based on a fixed percentage of any debt financing, there is no maximum dollar amount of this fee. |
Restricted Stock Awards | | We have established an employee and director incentive restricted share plan pursuant to which directors, officers and employees, and certain consultants, of us, our advisor or any of our affiliates, may be granted incentive awards in the form of restricted stock. | | Restricted stock awards under our employee and director incentive restricted share plan may not exceed 5.0% of our outstanding shares on a fully diluted basis at any time, and in any event will not exceed 7,500,000 shares (as such number may be adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, combinations and similar events). |
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Type of Compensation | | Determination of Amount | | Estimated Amount for Maximum Offering (150,000,000 shares) |
Compensation and Restricted Stock Awards to Independent Directors | | We pay to each of our independent directors a retainer of $30,000 per year, plus $2,000 for each board or board committee meeting the director attends in person ($2,500 for attendance by the chairperson of the audit committee at each meeting of the audit committee) and $1,500 for each meeting the director attends by telephone. If there is a meeting of the board and one or more committees in a single day, the fees will be limited to $2,500 per day ($3,000 for the chairperson of the audit committee if there is a meeting of such committee). Each independent director also is entitled to receive an award of 3,000 restricted shares of common stock under our employee and director incentive restricted share plan when he or she joins the board and on the date of each annual stockholder’s meeting thereafter. Restricted stock issued to independent directors will vest over a five-year period following the first anniversary of the date of grant in increments of 20% per annum. | | The independent directors, as a group, will receive for a full fiscal year: (i) estimated aggregate compensation of approximately $122,000 and (ii) 9,000 restricted shares of common stock. |
Liquidation/Listing Stage |
Real Estate Commissions | | For substantial assistance in connection with the sale of properties, we will pay New York Recovery Advisors, LLC a real estate commission up to the lesser of 2% of the contract sales price and one-half of the total brokerage commission paid if a third party broker is also involved;provided,however, that in no event may the real estate commissions paid to our advisor, its affiliates and unaffiliated third parties exceed the lesser of 6% of the contract sales price and a real estate commission that is reasonable, customary and competitive in light of the size, type and location of the property. | | Not determinable at this time. Because the commission is based on a fixed percentage of the contract price for a sold property, there is no maximum dollar amount of these commissions. |
| | Our independent directors will determine whether the advisor or its affiliates has provided substantial assistance to us in connection with the sale of an asset. Substantial assistance in connection with the sale of an asset includes the advisor’s preparation of an investment package for an asset (including an investment analysis, an asset description and other due diligence information) or such other substantial services performed by the advisor in connection with a sale. |
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Type of Compensation | | Determination of Amount | | Estimated Amount for Maximum Offering (150,000,000 shares) |
Subordinated Participation in Net Sales Proceeds | | Our advisor or its assignees will receive from time to time, when available, 15% of remaining Net Sales Proceeds (as defined in the advisory agreement) after return of capital contributions plus payment to investors of an annual 6% cumulative, pre-tax, non-compounded return on the capital contributed by investors. We cannot assure you that we will provide this 6% return, which we have disclosed solely as a measure for our advisor’s and its assignees’ incentive compensation. | | Not determinable at this time. There is no maximum amount of these payments. |
Subordinated Incentive Listing Fee (payable only if we are listed on an exchange, which we have no intention to do at this time) | | Upon the listing of our common stock, our advisor or its assignees will receive a non-interest-bearing promissory note equal to 15% of the amount by which the sum of our adjusted market value plus distributions exceeds the sum of the aggregate capital contributed by investors plus an amount equal to an annual 6% cumulative, pre-tax, non-compounded return to investors. We cannot assure you that we will provide this 6% return, which we have disclosed solely as a measure for our advisor’s and its assignees’ incentive compensation. | | Not determinable at this time. There is no maximum amount of this fee. |
Termination Fee | | Upon termination or non-renewal of the advisory agreement, our advisor shall be entitled to a subordinated termination fee payable in the form of a non-interest-bearing promissory note. In addition, our advisor may elect to defer its right to receive a subordinated termination fee until either a listing on a national securities exchange or other liquidity event occurs. | | Not determinable at this time. There is no maximum amount of this fee. |
Historically, due to the apparent preference of the public markets for self-managed companies, REITs have engaged in internalization transactions (an acquisition of management functions by the REIT from its advisor) pursuant to which they became self-managed prior to listing their securities on national securities exchanges. Such internalization transactions can result in significant payments to affiliates of the advisor irrespective of the returns shareholders have received. Our advisory agreement provides that no compensation or remuneration will be payable by us or our operating partnership to our advisor or any of its affiliates in connection with any internalization transaction (an acquisition of management functions by us from our advisor) in the future.
Distribution Reinvestment Plan
Pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan, you may elect to have the distributions you receive from us reinvested, in whole or in part, in additional shares of our common stock. The purchase price per share under our distribution reinvestment plan will be the higher of 95% of the fair market value per share as determined by our board of directors and $9.50 per share. No selling commissions or dealer manager fees will be paid on shares sold under our distribution reinvestment plan.
If you participate in the distribution reinvestment plan, you will not receive the cash from your distributions, other than special distributions that are designated by our board of directors. As a result, you may have a tax liability with respect to your share of our taxable income, but you will not receive cash distributions to pay such liability. We may terminate the distribution reinvestment plan at our discretion at any time upon ten days’ prior written notice to you. Additionally, we will be required to discontinue sales of
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shares under the distribution reinvestment plan on the earlier of September 2, 2012, which is two years from the effective date of this offering, and the date we sell all the shares registered for sale under the distribution reinvestment plan. If we have not sold all the shares in our primary offering within two years, we may continue the offering for an additional year until September 2, 2013. If we decide to continue our primary offering beyond two years from the date of this prospectus, we will provide that information in a prospectus supplement. This offering must be registered in every state in which we offer or sell shares. Generally, such registrations are for a period of one year. Thus, we may have to stop selling shares in any state in which our registration is not renewed or otherwise extended annually. We reserve the right to reallocate the shares of our common stock we are offering between the primary offering and the distribution reinvestment plan.
Share Repurchase Program
Our common stock is currently not listed on a national securities exchange and we will not seek to list our stock until such time as our independent directors believe that the listing of our stock would be in the best interest of our stockholders. In order to provide stockholders with the benefit of some interim liquidity, our board of directors has adopted a share repurchase program that enables our stockholders to sell their shares back to us after you have held them for at least one year, subject to the significant conditions and limitations in our share repurchase program. Our sponsor, advisor, directors and affiliates are prohibited from receiving a fee on any share repurchases. The terms of our share repurchase program are more flexible in cases involving the death or disability of a stockholder.
Repurchases of shares of our common stock, when requested, are at our sole discretion and generally will be made quarterly. We will limit the number of shares repurchased during any calendar year to 5% of the number of shares of common stock outstanding on December 31st of the previous calendar year. In addition, we are only authorized to repurchase shares using the proceeds received from our distribution reinvestment plan and will limit the amount we spend to repurchase shares in a given quarter to the amount of proceeds we received from our distribution reinvestment plan in that same quarter. Due to these limitations, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to accommodate all repurchase requests.
Unless the shares of our common stock are being repurchased in connection with a stockholder’s death or disability, the purchase price for shares repurchased under our share repurchase program will be as set forth below until we establish an estimated value of our shares. We do not currently anticipate obtaining appraisals for our investments (other than investments in transactions with our sponsor, advisor, directors or their respective affiliates) and, accordingly, the estimated value of our investments should not be viewed as an accurate reflection of the fair market value of our investments nor will they represent the amount of net proceeds that would result from an immediate sale of our assets. We expect to begin establishing an estimated value of our shares based on the value of our real estate and real estate-related investments beginning 18 months after the close of this offering. We will retain persons independent of us and our advisor to prepare the estimated value of our shares.
Only those stockholders who purchased their shares from us or received their shares from us (directly or indirectly) through one or more non-cash transactions may be able to participate in the share redemption program. In other words, once our shares are transferred for value by a stockholder, the transferee and all subsequent holders of the shares are not eligible to participate in the share redemption program. We will repurchase shares on the last business day of each quarter (and in all events on a date other than a dividend payment date). Prior to establishing the estimated value of our shares, the price per share that we will pay to repurchase shares of our common stock will be as follows:
| • | the lower of $9.25 and 92.5% of the price paid to acquire the shares from us for stockholders who have continuously held their shares for at least one year; |
| • | the lower of $9.50 and 95.0% of the price paid to acquire the shares from us for stockholders who have continuously held their shares for at least two years; |
| • | the lower of $9.75 and 97.5% of the price paid to acquire the shares from us for stockholders who have continuously held their shares for at least three years; and |
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| • | the lower of $10.00 and 100% of the price paid to acquire the shares from us for stockholders who have continuously held their shares for at least four years (in each case, as adjusted for any stock dividends, combinations, splits, recapitalizations and the like with respect to our common stock). |
Upon the death or disability of a stockholder, upon request, we will waive the one-year holding requirement. Shares repurchased in connection with the death or disability of a stockholder will be repurchased at a purchase price equal to the price actually paid for the shares during the offering, or if we are not then engaged in the offering, the per share purchase price will be based on the greater of $10.00 or the then-current net asset value of the shares as determined by our board of directors (as adjusted for any stock dividends, combinations, splits, recapitalizations and the like with respect to our common stock). In addition, we may waive the holding period in the event of a stockholder’s bankruptcy or other exigent circumstances.
The share repurchase program immediately will terminate if our shares are listed on any national securities exchange. In addition, our board of directors may amend, suspend (in whole or in part) or terminate the share repurchase program at any time upon 30 days’ prior written notice to our stockholders. Further, our board of directors reserves the right, in its sole discretion, to reject any requests for repurchases. For additional information on our share repurchase program refer to the section entitled “Share Repurchase Program” elsewhere in this prospectus.
Description of Shares
Uncertificated Shares
Our board of directors has authorized the issuance of shares of our stock without certificates. Instead, your investment will be recorded on our books only. We expect that, unless and until our shares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange or NASDAQ Stock Market, we will not issue shares in certificated form. Our transfer agent maintains a stock ledger that contains the name and address of each stockholder and the number of shares that the stockholder holds. With respect to uncertificated stock, we will continue to treat the stockholder registered on our stock ledger as the owner of the shares until the record owner and the new owner delivers a properly executed stock transfer form to us, along with a fee to cover reasonable transfer costs, in an amount determined by our board of directors. We will provide the required stock transfer form to you upon request.
Stockholder Voting Rights and Limitations
We hold annual meetings of our stockholders for the purpose of electing our directors and conducting other business matters that may be presented at such meetings. We also may call special meetings of stockholders from time to time. You are entitled to one vote for each share of common stock you own at any of these meetings.
Restriction on Share Ownership and Transfer
Our charter contains restrictions on ownership and transfer of the shares that, among other restrictions, prevent any one person from owning more than 9.8% in value of the aggregate of the outstanding shares of our stock or more than 9.8% (in value or in number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of any class or series of the outstanding shares of our stock, unless exempted by our board of directors. For a more complete description of the shares, including this and other restrictions on the ownership and transfer of our shares, please see the section entitled “Description of Securities” in this prospectus. Our charter also limits your ability to transfer your shares to prospective stockholders unless (a) they meet the minimum suitability standards regarding income or net worth, which are described in the “Investor Suitability Standards” section immediately following the cover page of this prospectus, and (b) the transfer complies with minimum purchase requirements, which are described in the sections entitled “Investor Suitability Standards” and “How to Subscribe.”
ERISA Considerations
Prospective investors with investment discretion over the assets of an individual retirement account, employee benefit plan or other retirement plan or arrangement that is covered by ERISA or Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code should carefully review the information in the section of this prospectus entitled “Investment by Tax-Exempt Entities and ERISA Considerations.” Any such prospective investors are required to consult their own legal and tax advisors on these matters.
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Investment Company Act of 1940 Considerations
We intend to conduct our operations so that the company and each of its subsidiaries are exempt from registration as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “Investment Company Act”). Under Section 3(a)(1)(A) of the Investment Company Act, a company is an “investment company” if it is, or holds itself out as being, engaged primarily, or proposes to engage primarily, in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities. Under Section 3(a)(1)(C) of the Investment Company Act, a company is deemed to be an “investment company” if it is engaged, or proposes to engage, in the business of investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or trading in securities and owns or proposes to acquire “investment securities” having a value exceeding 40% of the value of its total assets on an unconsolidated basis (the “40% test”). “Investment securities” excludes U.S. Government securities and securities of majority-owned subsidiaries that are not themselves investment companies and are not relying on the exception from the definition of investment company set forth in Section 3(c)(1) or Section 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act.
We intend to acquire real estate and real-estate related assets directly, for example, by acquiring fee interests in real property, or by purchasing interests, including controlling interests, in REITs or other “real estate operating companies,” such as real estate management companies and real estate development companies, that own real property. We also may acquire real estate assets through investments in joint venture entities, including joint venture entities in which we may not own a controlling interest. We anticipate that our assets generally will be held in wholly and majority-owned subsidiaries of the company, each formed to hold a particular asset.
We intend to conduct our operations so that the company and most, if not all, of its wholly owned and majority-owned subsidiaries will comply with the 40% test. We will continuously monitor our holdings on an ongoing basis to determine the compliance of the company and each wholly owned and majority-owned subsidiary with this test. We expect that most, if not all, of the company’s wholly owned and majority-owned subsidiaries will not be relying on exemptions under either Section 3(c)(1) or 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act. Consequently, interests in these subsidiaries (which are expected to constitute most, if not all, of our assets) generally will not constitute “investment securities.” Accordingly, we believe that the company and most, if not all, of its wholly owned and majority-owned subsidiaries will not be considered investment companies under Section 3(a)(1)(C) of the Investment Company Act.
In addition, we believe that neither the company nor any of its wholly or majority-owned subsidiaries will be considered investment companies under Section 3(a)(1)(A) of the Investment Company Act because they will not engage primarily or hold themselves out as being engaged primarily in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities. Rather, the company and its subsidiaries will be primarily engaged in non-investment company businesses related to real estate. Consequently, the company and its subsidiaries expect to be able to conduct their respective operations such that none of them will be required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act.
The determination of whether an entity is a majority-owned subsidiary of our company is made by us. The Investment Company Act defines a majority-owned subsidiary of a person as a company 50% or more of the outstanding voting securities of which are owned by such person, or by another company which is a majority-owned subsidiary of such person. The Investment Company Act further defines voting securities as any security presently entitling the owner or holder thereof to vote for the election of directors of a company. We treat companies in which we own at least a majority of the outstanding voting securities as majority-owned subsidiaries for purposes of the 40% test. We have not requested that the SEC staff approve our treatment of any entity as a majority-owned subsidiary and the SEC staff has not done so. If the SEC staff were to disagree with our treatment of one or more companies as majority-owned subsidiaries, we would need to adjust our strategy and our assets in order to continue to comply with the 40% test. Any such adjustment in our strategy could have a material adverse effect on us.
We intend to conduct our operations so that neither we nor any of our wholly or majority-owned subsidiaries fall within the definition of “investment company” under the Investment Company Act. If the company or any of its wholly or majority-owned subsidiaries inadvertently falls within one of the definitions of “investment company,” we intend to rely on the exclusion provided by Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the
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Investment Company Act, which is available for entities primarily engaged in the business of “purchasing or otherwise acquiring mortgages and other liens on and interests in real estate.” In addition to prohibiting the issuance of certain types of securities, this exclusion generally requires that at least 55% of an entity’s assets must be comprised of mortgages and other liens on and interests in real estate, also known as “qualifying assets,” and at least 80% of the entity’s assets must be comprised of qualifying assets and a broader category of assets that we refer to as “real estate related assets” under the Investment Company Act. Additionally, no more than 20% of the entity’s assets may be comprised of miscellaneous assets.
Qualification for exemption from the definition of “investment company” under the Investment Company Act will limit our ability to make certain investments. For example, these restrictions may limit the ability of the company and its subsidiaries to invest directly in mortgage-related securities that represent less than the entire ownership in a pool of mortgage loans, debt and equity tranches of securitizations and certain asset-backed securities and real estate companies or in assets not related to real estate. Although we intend to monitor our portfolio, there can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain this exemption from registration for our company or each of our subsidiaries.
To the extent that the SEC staff provides more specific guidance regarding any of the matters bearing upon the definition of investment company and the exceptions to that definition, we may be required to adjust our investment strategy accordingly. Additional guidance from the SEC staff could provide additional flexibility to us, or it could further inhibit our ability to pursue the investment strategy we have chosen.
Transfer Agent
The name and address of our transfer agent is as follows:
DST Systems, Inc.
430 W 7th St
Kansas City, MO 64105-1407
Phone (866) 771-2088
Fax (877) 694-1113
To ensure that any account changes are made promptly and accurately, all changes (including your address, ownership type and distribution mailing address) should be directed to the transfer agent.
Additional Information
If you have more questions about the offering or if you would like additional copies of this prospectus, you should contact your registered representative or contact:
Realty Capital Securities, LLC
Three Copley Place
Suite 3300
Boston, MA 02116
1-877-373-2522
www.rcsecurities.com
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RISK FACTORS
An investment in our common stock involves various risks and uncertainties. You should carefully consider the following risk factors in conjunction with the other information contained in this prospectus before purchasing our common stock. The risks discussed in this prospectus can adversely affect our business, operating results, prospects and financial condition. These risks could cause the value of our common stock to decline and could cause you to lose all or part of your investment. The risks and uncertainties described below represent those risks and uncertainties that we believe are material to our business, operating results, prospects and financial condition as of the date of this prospectus.
Risks Related to an Investment in American Realty Capital New York Recovery REIT, Inc.
We have a limited operating history and have no established financing sources, and the prior performance of other real estate investment programs sponsored by affiliates of our advisor may not be an indication of our future results.
We have a limited operating history and you should not rely upon the past performance of other real estate investment programs sponsored by affiliates of our advisor to predict our future results. We were incorporated in October 6, 2009. As of the date of this prospectus, we have acquired only nine properties and do not otherwise have any operations or independent financing. The recent real estate experience of Messrs. Schorsch, Kahane and Happel principally has focused on triple-net leasing rather than the ownership and operation of real estate properties. Accordingly, the prior performance of real estate investment programs sponsored by affiliates of Messrs. Schorsch and Kahane and our advisor may not be indicative of our future results.
Moreover, neither our advisor nor we have any established financing sources other than the proceeds from this offering. Presently, both we and our advisor have been funded by capital contributions or advances from American Realty Capital III, LLC, a company which is directly or indirectly controlled by Mr. Schorsch and Mr. Kahane, by proceeds from this offering, and by loans from unaffiliated entities. If our capital resources, or those of our advisor, are insufficient to support our operations, we will not be successful.
You should consider our prospects in light of the risks, uncertainties and difficulties frequently encountered by companies that are, like us, in their early stage of development. To be successful in this market, we must, among other things:
| • | identify and acquire investments that further our investment strategies; |
| • | increase awareness of the American Realty Capital New York Recovery REIT, Inc. name within the investment products market; |
| • | expand and maintain our network of licensed securities brokers and other agents; |
| • | attract, integrate, motivate and retain qualified personnel to manage our day-to-day operations; |
| • | respond to competition for our targeted real estate properties and other investments as well as for potential investors; and |
| • | continue to build and expand our operations structure to support our business. |
We cannot guarantee that we will succeed in achieving these goals, and our failure to do so could cause you to lose all or a portion of your investment.
Because this is a blind pool offering, you will not have the opportunity to evaluate our investments before we make them, which makes an investment in us more speculative.
We have acquired only one property and have not identified any other properties to acquire. Additionally, we will not provide you with information to evaluate our investments prior to our acquisition of properties. We will seek to invest substantially all the offering proceeds available for investment, after the payment of fees and expenses, in the acquisition of properties located in the New York MSA, and, in particular, New York City, or otherwise only in the United States. We also may, in the discretion of our advisor, invest in other types of real estate or in entities that invest in real estate. In addition, our advisor may make or invest in
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mortgage, bridge or mezzanine loans or participations therein on our behalf if our board of directors determines, due to the state of the real estate market or in order to diversify our investment portfolio or otherwise, that such investments are advantageous to us. For a more detailed discussion of our investment policies, see the section entitled “Investment Strategy, Objectives and Policies — Acquisition and Investment Policies” in this prospectus.
You may be more likely to sustain a loss on your investment because our sponsor does not have as strong an economic incentive to avoid losses as does a sponsor who has made significant equity investments in its company.
Our sponsor has only invested $200,000 in us through the purchase of 20,000 shares of our common stock at $10.00 per share. Therefore, since we have been successful in raising enough proceeds to be able to reimburse our sponsor for our significant organization and offering expenses, our sponsor will have little exposure to loss in the value of our shares. Without this exposure, our investors may be at a greater risk of loss because our sponsor may have less to lose from a decrease in the value of our shares as does a sponsor that makes more significant equity investments in its company.
There is no public trading market for our shares and there may never be one; therefore, it will be difficult for you to sell your shares.
There currently is no public market for our shares and there may never be one. If you are able to find a buyer for your shares, you may not sell your shares unless the buyer meets applicable suitability and minimum purchase standards and the sale does not violate state securities laws. Our charter also prohibits the ownership of more than 9.8% in value of the aggregate of the outstanding shares of our stock or more than 9.8% (in value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of any class or series of the outstanding shares of our stock by a single investor, unless exempted by our board of directors, which may inhibit large investors from desiring to purchase your shares. Moreover, our share repurchase program includes numerous restrictions that would limit your ability to sell your shares to us. Our board of directors may reject any request for redemption of shares, or amend, suspend or terminate our share repurchase program upon 30 days’ notice. Therefore, it will be difficult for you to sell your shares promptly or at all. If you are able to sell your shares, you likely will have to sell them at a substantial discount to the price you paid for the shares. It also is likely that your shares would not be accepted as the primary collateral for a loan. You should purchase the shares only as a long-term investment because of the illiquid nature of the shares. See the sections entitled “Investor Suitability Standards,” “Description of Securities — Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer” and “Share Repurchase Program” elsewhere in this prospectus for a more complete discussion on the restrictions on your ability to transfer your shares.
If we, through New York Recovery Advisors, LLC, are unable to find suitable investments, then we may not be able to achieve our investment objectives or pay distributions.
Our ability to achieve our investment objectives and to pay distributions is dependent upon the performance of New York Recovery Advisors, LLC, our advisor, in acquiring of our investments, selecting tenants for our properties and securing independent financing arrangements. We currently own only nine properties and we have not identified any other properties to acquire and do not have any other investments. Except for those investments described herein and those investors who purchase shares in this offering after such time as this prospectus is supplemented to describe one or more additional investments which have been identified, you will have no opportunity to evaluate the terms of transactions or other economic or financial data concerning our investments. You must rely entirely on the management ability of New York Recovery Advisors, LLC and the oversight of our board of directors. We cannot be sure that New York Recovery Advisors, LLC will be successful in obtaining suitable investments on financially attractive terms or that, if it makes investments on our behalf, our objectives will be achieved.
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We may suffer from delays in locating suitable investments, which could adversely affect our ability to make distributions and the value of your investment.
We could suffer from delays in locating suitable investments, particularly as a result of our reliance on our advisor at times when management of our advisor is simultaneously seeking to locate suitable investments for other affiliated programs. Delays we encounter in the selection and acquisition of income-producing properties (and, if we develop properties, development of income-producing properties) likely would adversely affect our ability to make distributions and the value of your overall returns. In such event, we may pay all or a substantial portion of our distributions from the proceeds of this offering or from borrowings in anticipation of future cash flow, which may constitute a return of your capital. We have not established any limit on the amount of proceeds from this offering that may be used to fund distributions, except that, in accordance with our organizational documents and Maryland law, we may not make distributions that would: (1) cause us to be unable to pay our debts as they become due in the usual course of business; (2) cause our total assets to be less than the sum of our total liabilities plus senior liquidation preferences, if any; or (3) jeopardize our ability to qualify as a REIT. Distributions from the proceeds of this offering or from borrowings also could reduce the amount of capital we ultimately invest in properties. This, in turn, would reduce the value of your investment. In particular, where we acquire properties prior to the start of construction or during the early stages of construction, it typically will take several months to complete construction and rent available space. Therefore, you could suffer delays in the receipt of cash distributions attributable to those particular properties. If New York Recovery Advisors, LLC is unable to obtain further suitable investments, we will hold the uninvested proceeds of this offering in an interest-bearing account or invest the proceeds in short-term, investment-grade investments. If we cannot invest the uninvested proceeds from this offering within a reasonable amount of time, or if our board of directors determines it is in the best interests of our stockholders, we will return the uninvested proceeds to investors.
Our properties may be adversely affected by the current economic downturn, as well as economic cycles and risks inherent to the New York MSA, especially New York City.
We expect to use substantially all the net proceeds of this offering to acquire quality income-producing commercial real estate located predominantly in New York City and elsewhere in the New York MSA. Any adverse situation that disproportionately affects the New York MSA, including a continuation or worsening of the current economic downturn, would have a magnified adverse effect on our portfolio. Real estate markets are subject to economic downturns, as they have been in the past, and we cannot predict how economic conditions will impact this markets in both the short and long term. Declines in the economy or a decline in the real estate market in the New York MSA could hurt our financial performance and the value of our properties. The factors affecting economic conditions in the New York MSA include:
| • | financial performance and productivity of the publishing, advertising, financial, technology, retail, insurance and real estate industries; |
| • | business layoffs or downsizing; |
| • | relocations of businesses; |
| • | increased telecommuting and use of alternative work places; |
| • | any oversupply of, or reduced demand for, real estate; |
| • | concessions or reduced rental rates under new leases for properties where tenants defaulted; and |
| • | increased insurance premiums. |
In addition, since rental income from office properties fluctuates with general market and economic conditions, our office properties located in the New York MSA may be adversely affected during periods of diminished economic growth and a decline in white-collar employment. We may experience a decrease in
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occupancy and rental rates accompanied by increases in the cost of re-leasing space (including for tenant improvements) and in uncollectible receivables. Early lease terminations may significantly contribute to a decline in occupancy of our office properties and may adversely affect our profitability. While lease termination fees increase current period income, future rental income may be diminished because, during periods in which market rents decline, it is unlikely that we will collect from replacement tenants the full contracted amount which had been payable under the terminated leases.
As of the date of this prospectus, the capital and credit markets have been experiencing extreme volatility and disruption for over three years. A protracted economic downturn could have a negative impact on our portfolio. If real property or other real estate related asset values continue to decline after we acquire them, we may have a difficult time making new acquisitions or generating returns on your investment. If the current debt market environment persists, we may modify our investment strategy in order to optimize our portfolio performance. Our options would include limiting or eliminating the use of debt and focusing on those investments that do not require the use of leverage to meet our portfolio goals.
It is impossible for us to assess with certainty the future effects of the current adverse trends in the economic and investment climates of the geographic area in which we concentrate, and more generally of the United States, or the real estate markets in this area. If the current economic downturn persists or if there is any further local, national or global worsening of the current economic downturn, our businesses and future profitability will be adversely affected.
Because our properties will be located primarily in New York City, our portfolio may be concentrated in properties of substantial size.
We anticipate having significant investments in the New York MSA, primarily in New York City, where individual property values may be substantially higher than in other geographic areas in the United States or abroad. We may acquire one or more individual properties with high acquisition costs. As a result, our portfolio may be concentrated in few properties of substantial size. Any adverse situation that disproportionately affects the New York MSA would have a magnified adverse effect on our portfolio.
Terrorist attacks, such as those of September 11, 2001 in New York City, may adversely affect the value of our properties and our ability to generate cash flow.
We anticipate having significant investments in the New York MSA, primarily in New York City. In the aftermath of a terrorist attack, tenants in these areas may choose to relocate their businesses to less populated, lower-profile areas of the United States that may be perceived to be less likely targets of future terrorist activity and fewer customers may choose to patronize businesses in these areas. This in turn would trigger a decrease in the demand for space in these areas, which could increase vacancies in our properties and force us to lease space on less favorable terms. As a result, the value of our properties and the level of our revenues and cash flows could decline materially.
If we are unable to raise substantial funds, we will be limited in the number and type of investments we may make and the value of your investment in us will fluctuate with the performance of the specific properties we acquire.
This offering is being made on a best efforts basis, whereby the dealer manager is only required to use its best efforts to sell our shares and has no firm commitment or obligation to purchase any of the shares. As a result, the amount of proceeds we raise in this offering may be substantially less than the amount we would need to achieve a broadly diversified property portfolio. If we are unable to raise substantial proceeds, we will make fewer investments, resulting in less diversification in terms of the number of investments owned, the geographic regions in which our investments are located and the types of investments that we make. In such event, the likelihood of our profitability being affected by the performance of any one of our investments will increase. Additionally, we are not limited in the number or size of our investments or the percentage of net proceeds we may dedicate to a single investment. Your investment in our shares will be subject to greater risk to the extent that we lack a diversified portfolio of investments. In addition, our inability to raise substantial funds would increase our fixed operating expenses as a percentage of gross income, and our financial condition and ability to pay distributions could be adversely affected.
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If our advisor loses or is unable to obtain key personnel, our ability to implement our investment strategies could be delayed or hindered, which could adversely affect our ability to make distributions and the value of your investment.
Our success depends to a significant degree upon the contributions of certain of our executive officers and other key personnel of our advisor, including Nicholas S. Schorsch and William M. Kahane, each of whom would be difficult to replace. Our advisor does not have an employment agreement with any of these key personnel and we cannot guarantee that all, or any particular one, will remain affiliated with us and/or advisor. If any of our key personnel were to cease their affiliation with our advisor, our operating results could suffer. Further, we do not intend to separately maintain key person life insurance on Messrs. Schorsch or Kahane or any other person. We believe that our future success depends, in large part, upon our advisor’s ability to hire and retain highly skilled managerial, operational and marketing personnel. Competition for such personnel is intense, and we cannot assure you that our advisor will be successful in attracting and retaining such skilled personnel. If our advisor loses or is unable to obtain the services of key personnel, our ability to implement our investment strategies could be delayed or hindered, and the value of your investment may decline.
We may be unable to pay or maintain distributions from cash available from operations or increase distributions over time.
There are many factors that can affect the availability and timing of cash distributions to stockholders. The amount of cash available from our operations for distributions is affected by many factors, such as our ability to buy properties as offering proceeds become available, rental income from such properties and our operating expense levels, as well as many other variables. Actual cash available for distributions may vary substantially from estimates. With limited prior operating history, we cannot assure you that we will be able to pay or maintain our current level of distributions or that distributions will increase over time. We cannot give any assurance that rents from the properties will increase, that the securities we buy will increase in value or provide constant or increased distributions over time, or that future acquisitions of real properties, mortgage, bridge or mezzanine loans or any investments in securities will increase our cash available for distributions to stockholders. Our actual results may differ significantly from the assumptions used by our board of directors in establishing the distribution rate to stockholders. We may not have sufficient cash from operations to make a distribution required to qualify for or maintain our qualification as a REIT. We may pay distributions from unlimited amounts of any source. For example, we may borrow money or use proceeds from this offering to make distributions. Any such distributions will constitute a return of capital and may reduce the amount of capital we ultimately invest in properties and negatively impact the value of your investment. In addition, we may issue additional securities or sell assets to fund distribution payments. For a description of the factors that can affect the availability and timing of cash distributions to stockholders, see the section of this prospectus captioned “Description of Securities — Distribution Policy and Distributions.”
Our rights and the rights of our stockholders to recover claims against our officers, directors and our advisor are limited, which could reduce your and our recovery against them if they cause us to incur losses.
Maryland law provides that a director has no liability in that capacity if he or she performs his or her duties in good faith, in a manner he or she reasonably believes to be in the corporation’s best interests and with the care that an ordinarily prudent person in a like position would use under similar circumstances. In addition, subject to certain limitations set forth therein or under Maryland law, our charter provides that no director or officer will be liable to us or our stockholders for monetary damages and requires us to indemnify our directors, officers and advisor and our advisor’s affiliates and permits us to indemnify our employees and agents. However, as required by the NASAA REIT Guidelines, our charter provides that we may not indemnify a director, our advisor or an affiliate of our advisor for any loss or liability suffered by any of them or hold harmless such indemnitee for any loss or liability suffered by us unless (1) the indemnitee determined, in good faith, that the course of conduct that caused the loss or liability was in our best interests, (2) the indemnitee was acting on behalf of or performing services for us, (3) the liability or loss was not the result of (A) negligence or misconduct, in the case of a director (other than an independent director), the advisor or an affiliate of the advisor, or (B) gross negligence or willful misconduct, in the case of an independent director,
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and (4) the indemnification or agreement to hold harmless is recoverable only out of our net assets and not from our stockholders. Although our charter does not allow us to indemnify or hold harmless an indemnitee to a greater extent than permitted under Maryland law and the NASAA REIT Guidelines, we and our stockholders may have more limited rights against our directors, officers, employees and agents, and our advisor and its affiliates, than might otherwise exist under common law, which could reduce your and our recovery against them. In addition, we may be obligated to fund the defense costs incurred by our directors, officers, employees and agents or our advisor and its affiliates in some cases which would decrease the cash otherwise available for distribution to you. See the section captioned “Management — Limited Liability and Indemnification of Directors, Officers, Employees and Other Agents” elsewhere herein.
Risks Related to Conflicts of Interest
We will be subject to conflicts of interest arising out of our relationships with our advisor and its affiliates, including the material conflicts discussed below. The “Conflicts of Interest” section of this prospectus provides a more detailed discussion of the conflicts of interest between us and our advisor and its affiliates, and our policies to reduce or eliminate certain potential conflicts.
The management of multiple REITs, especially REITs in the development stage, by our executive officers and officers of our advisor may significantly reduce the amount of time our executive officers and officers of our advisor are able to spend on activities related to us and may cause other conflicts of interest, which may cause our operating results to suffer.
Our executive officers and officers of our advisor are part of the senior management or are key personnel of the eight other American Realty Capital-sponsored REITs and their advisors. Six of the American Realty Capital-sponsored REITs, including us and Phillips Edison — ARC Shopping Center REIT, Inc., or PE-ARC, American Realty Capital Healthcare Trust, Inc., or ARC HT, American Realty Capital — Retail Centers of America, Inc., or ARC RCA, American Realty Capital Daily Net Asset Value Trust, Inc., or ARC Daily NAV, American Realty Capital Trust III, Inc., or ARCT III, have registration statements that became effective in the past twelve months and currently are offering securities in the aggregate of approximately $9.0 billion. American Realty Capital Global Daily Net Asset Value Trust, Inc., or ARC Global DNAV, has a registration statement that is not yet effective and is in the development phase. In addition, American Realty Capital Trust, Inc., or ARCT, completed its public offering of common stock in December 2011 for gross proceeds of approximately $1.7 billion. American Realty Capital Properties, Inc., or ARCP, which currently trades on NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “ARCP,” completed its initial public offering of common stock for gross proceeds of approximately $69.8 million. As a result, such REITs will have concurrent and/or overlapping fundraising, acquisition, operational and disposition and liquidation phases as us, which may cause conflicts of interest to arise throughout the life of our company with respect to, among other things, finding investors, locating and acquiring properties, entering into leases and disposing of properties. Additionally, based on our sponsor’s experience, a significantly greater time commitment is required of senior management during the development stage when the REIT is being organized, funds are initially being raised and funds are initially being invested, and less time is required as additional funds are raised and the offering matures. The conflicts of interest each of our executive officers and each officer of our advisor will face may delay our fund raising and investment of our proceeds due to the competing time demands and generally cause our operating results to suffer. Officers of any service provider may face similar conflicts of interest should they be involved with the management of multiple REITs, and especially REITs in the developmental stage.
We will compete for investors with other programs of our sponsor, which could adversely affect the amount of capital we have to invest.
The American Realty Capital group of companies is currently the sponsor of seven other public offerings of non-traded REIT shares and a public offering of shares for a REIT that has been approved for listing on The NASDAQ Capital Market, the majority of which offerings will be ongoing during a significant portion of our offering period. These programs all have filed registration statements for the offering of common stock and either are or intend to elect to be taxed as REITs. Except for ARCT, whose offering was fully subscribed as of July 5, 2011, the offerings are taking place concurrently with our offering, and our sponsor is likely to
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sponsor other offerings during our offering period. Our dealer manager is the dealer manager for these other offerings. We will compete for investors with these other programs, and the overlap of these offerings with our offering could adversely affect our ability to raise all the capital we seek in this offering, the timing of sales of our shares and the amount of proceeds we have to spend on real estate investments.
New York Recovery Advisors, LLC will face conflicts of interest relating to the purchase and leasing of properties, and such conflicts may not be resolved in our favor, which could adversely affect our investment opportunities.
Affiliates of our advisor have sponsored and may sponsor one or more other real estate investment programs in the future. We may buy properties at the same time as one or more of the other American Realty Capital-sponsored programs managed by officers and key personnel of New York Recovery Advisors, LLC. There is a risk that New York Recovery Advisors, LLC will choose a property that provides lower returns to us than a property purchased by another American Realty Capital-sponsored program. We cannot be sure that officers and key personnel acting on behalf of New York Recovery Advisors, LLC and on behalf of managers of other American Realty Capital-sponsored programs will act in our best interests when deciding whether to allocate any particular property to us. In addition, we may acquire properties in geographic areas where other American Realty Capital-sponsored programs own properties. Also, we may acquire properties from, or sell properties to, other American Realty Capital-sponsored programs. If one of the other American Realty Capital-sponsored programs attracts a tenant that we are competing for, we could suffer a loss of revenue due to delays in locating another suitable tenant. You will not have the opportunity to evaluate the manner in which these conflicts of interest are resolved before or after making your investment. Similar conflicts of interest may apply if our advisor determines to make or purchase mortgage, bridge or mezzanine loans or participations therein on our behalf, since other American Realty Capital-sponsored programs may be competing with us for these investments.
New York Recovery Advisors, LLC faces conflicts of interest relating to joint ventures, which could result in a disproportionate benefit to the other venture partners at our expense.
We may enter into joint ventures with other American Realty Capital-sponsored programs for the acquisition, development or improvement of properties. New York Recovery Advisors, LLC may have conflicts of interest in determining which American Realty Capital-sponsored program should enter into any particular joint venture agreement. The co-venturer may have economic or business interests or goals that are or may become inconsistent with our business interests or goals. In addition, New York Recovery Advisors, LLC may face a conflict in structuring the terms of the relationship between our interests and the interest of the affiliated co-venturer and in managing the joint venture. Since New York Recovery Advisors, LLC and its affiliates will control both the affiliated co-venturer and, to a certain extent, us, agreements and transactions between the co-venturers with respect to any such joint venture will not have the benefit of arm’s-length negotiation of the type normally conducted between unrelated co-venturers, which may result in the co-venturer receiving benefits greater than the benefits that we receive. In addition, we may assume liabilities related to the joint venture that exceeds the percentage of our investment in the joint venture.
New York Recovery Advisors, LLC and its officers and employees and certain of our key personnel face competing demands relating to their time, and this may cause our operating results to suffer.
New York Recovery Advisors, LLC and its officers and employees and certain of our key personnel and their respective affiliates are key personnel, general partners and sponsors of other real estate programs having investment objectives and legal and financial obligations similar to ours and may have other business interests as well. Because these persons have competing demands on their time and resources, they may have conflicts of interest in allocating their time between our business and these other activities. If this occurs, the returns on our investments may suffer.
Our officers and directors face conflicts of interest related to the positions they hold with affiliated entities, which could hinder our ability to successfully implement our business strategy and to generate returns to you.
Certain of our executive officers, including Nicholas S. Schorsch, who also serves as the chairman of our board of directors, and William M. Kahane, president and chief operating officer, also are officers of our
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advisor, our property manager, our dealer manager and other affiliated entities, including the other real estate programs sponsored by ARC. As a result, these individuals owe fiduciary duties to these other entities and their stockholders and limited partners, which fiduciary duties may conflict with the duties that they owe to us and our stockholders. Their loyalties to these other entities could result in actions or inactions that are detrimental to our business, which could harm the implementation of our business strategy and our investment and leasing opportunities. Conflicts with our business and interests are most likely to arise from involvement in activities related to (a) allocation of new investments and management time and services between us and the other entities, (b) our purchase of properties from, or sale of properties, to affiliated entities, (c) the timing and terms of the investment in or sale of an asset, (d) development of our properties by affiliates, (e) investments with affiliates of our advisor, (f) compensation to our advisor, and (g) our relationship with our dealer manager and property manager. If we do not successfully implement our business strategy, we may be unable to generate cash needed to make distributions to you and to maintain or increase the value of our assets. If these individuals act in a manner that is detrimental to our business or favor one entity over another, they may be subject to liability for breach of fiduciary duty.
New York Recovery Advisors, LLC faces conflicts of interest relating to the incentive fee structure under our advisory agreement, which could result in actions that are not necessarily in the long-term best interests of our stockholders.
Under our advisory agreement, New York Recovery Advisors, LLC or its affiliates will be entitled to fees that are structured in a manner intended to provide incentives to our advisor to perform in our best interests and in the best interests of our stockholders. However, because our advisor does not maintain a significant equity interest in us and is entitled to receive substantial minimum compensation regardless of performance, our advisor’s interests are not wholly aligned with those of our stockholders. In that regard, our advisor could be motivated to recommend riskier or more speculative investments in order for us to generate the specified levels of performance or sales proceeds that would entitle our advisor to fees. In addition, our advisor’s or its affiliates’ entitlement to fees upon the sale of our assets and to participate in sale proceeds could result in our advisor recommending sales of our investments at the earliest possible time at which sales of investments would produce the level of return that would entitle the advisor to compensation relating to such sales, even if continued ownership of those investments might be in our best long-term interest. Our advisory agreement will require us to pay a performance-based termination fee to our advisor or its affiliates if we terminate the advisory agreement prior to the listing of our shares for trading on an exchange or, absent such listing, in respect of its participation in net sales proceeds. To avoid paying this fee, our independent directors may decide against terminating the advisory agreement prior to our listing of our shares or disposition of our investments even if, but for the termination fee, termination of the advisory agreement would be in our best interest. In addition, the requirement to pay the fee to the advisor or its affiliates at termination could cause us to make different investment or disposition decisions than we would otherwise make, in order to satisfy our obligation to pay the fee to the terminated advisor. Moreover, our advisor will have the right to terminate the advisory agreement upon a change of control of our company and thereby trigger the payment of the performance fee, which could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing the change of control. For a more detailed discussion of the fees payable to our advisor and its affiliates in respect of this offering, see the section entitled “Management Compensation” in this prospectus.
There is no separate counsel for us and our affiliates, which could result in conflicts of interest.
Proskauer Rose LLP acts as legal counsel to us and also represents our advisor and some of its affiliates. There is a possibility in the future that the interests of the various parties may become adverse and, under the Code of Professional Responsibility of the legal profession, Proskauer Rose LLP may be precluded from representing any one or all such parties. If any situation arises in which our interests appear to be in conflict with those of our advisor or its affiliates, additional counsel may be retained by one or more of the parties to assure that their interests are adequately protected. Moreover, should a conflict of interest not be readily apparent, Proskauer Rose LLP may inadvertently act in derogation of the interest of the parties which could affect our ability to meet our investment objectives.
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Risks Related to This Offering and Our Corporate Structure
The limit on the number of shares a person may own may discourage a takeover that could otherwise result in a premium price to our stockholders.
Our charter, with certain exceptions, authorizes our directors to take such actions as are necessary and desirable to preserve our qualification as a REIT. Unless exempted by our board of directors, no person may own more than 9.8% in value of the aggregate of the outstanding shares of our stock or more than 9.8% (in value or number, whichever is more restrictive) of any class or series of the outstanding shares of our stock. This restriction may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of us, including an extraordinary transaction (such as a merger, tender offer or sale of all or substantially all our assets) that might provide a premium price for holders of our common stock. See the section entitled “Description of Securities — Restriction on Ownership and Transfer” in this prospectus.
Our charter permits our board of directors to issue stock with terms that may subordinate the rights of common stockholders or discourage a third party from acquiring us in a manner that might result in a premium price to our stockholders.
Our charter permits our board of directors to issue up to 350,000,000 shares of stock. In addition, our board of directors, without any action by our stockholders, may amend our charter from time to time to increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares or the number of shares of any class or series of stock that we have authority to issue. Our board of directors may classify or reclassify any unissued common stock or preferred stock and establish the preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications and terms or conditions of redemption of any such stock. Thus, our board of directors could authorize the issuance of preferred stock with terms and conditions that could have a priority as to distributions and amounts payable upon liquidation over the rights of the holders of our common stock. Preferred stock could also have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of us, including an extraordinary transaction (such as a merger, tender offer or sale of all or substantially all our assets) that might provide a premium price for holders of our common stock. See the section entitled “Description of Securities — Preferred Stock” in this prospectus.
Maryland law prohibits certain business combinations, which may make it more difficult for us to be acquired and may limit your ability to exit the investment.
Under Maryland law, “business combinations” between a Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder or an affiliate of an interested stockholder are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. These business combinations include a merger, consolidation, share exchange or, in circumstances specified in the statute, an asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities. An interested stockholder is defined as:
| • | any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of the corporation’s outstanding voting stock; or |
| • | an affiliate or associate of the corporation who, at any time within the two-year period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of the then-outstanding stock of the corporation. |
A person is not an interested stockholder under the statute if the board of directors approved in advance the transaction by which he or she otherwise would have become an interested stockholder. However, in approving a transaction, the board of directors may provide that its approval is subject to compliance, at or after the time of approval, with any terms and conditions determined by the board.
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After the five-year prohibition, any business combination between the Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder generally must be recommended by the board of directors of the corporation and approved by the affirmative vote of at least:
| • | 80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding shares of voting stock of the corporation; and |
| • | two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of voting stock of the corporation other than shares held by the interested stockholder with whom or with whose affiliate the business combination is to be effected or held by an affiliate or associate of the interested stockholder. |
These super-majority vote requirements do not apply if the corporation’s common stockholders receive a minimum price, as defined under Maryland law, for their shares in the form of cash or other consideration in the same form as previously paid by the interested stockholder for its shares. The business combination statute permits various exemptions from its provisions, including business combinations that are exempted by the board of directors prior to the time that the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. Pursuant to the statute, our board of directors has exempted any business combination involving New York Recovery Advisors, LLC or any affiliate of New York Recovery Advisors, LLC. Consequently, the five-year prohibition and the super-majority vote requirements will not apply to business combinations between us and New York Recovery Advisors, LLC or any affiliate of New York Recovery Advisors, LLC. As a result, New York Recovery Advisors, LLC and any affiliate of New York Recovery Advisors, LLC may be able to enter into business combinations with us that may not be in the best interest of our stockholders, without compliance with the super-majority vote requirements and the other provisions of the statute. The business combination statute may discourage others from trying to acquire control of us and increase the difficulty of consummating any offer. For a more detailed discussion of the Maryland laws governing us and the ownership of our shares of common stock, see the section of this prospectus captioned “Description of Securities — Business Combinations.”
Maryland law limits the ability of a third-party to buy a large stake in us and exercise voting power in electing directors.
The Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act provides that “control shares” of a Maryland corporation acquired in a “control share acquisition” have no voting rights except to the extent approved by stockholders by a vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Shares of stock owned by the acquirer, by officers or by employees who are directors of the corporation, are excluded from shares entitled to vote on the matter. “Control shares” are voting shares of stock which, if aggregated with all other shares of stock owned by the acquirer or in respect of which the acquirer can exercise or direct the exercise of voting power (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy), would entitle the acquirer to exercise voting power in electing directors within specified ranges of voting power. Control shares do not include shares the acquiring person is then entitled to vote as a result of having previously obtained stockholder approval. A “control share acquisition” means the acquisition of control shares. The control share acquisition statute does not apply (a) to shares acquired in a merger, consolidation or share exchange if the corporation is a party to the transaction, or (b) to acquisitions approved or exempted by the charter or by-laws of the corporation. Our by-laws contain a provision exempting from the Control Share Acquisition Act any and all acquisitions of our stock by any person. There can be no assurance that this provision will not be amended or eliminated at any time in the future. For a more detailed discussion on the Maryland laws governing control share acquisitions, see the section of this prospectus captioned “Description of Securities — Control Share Acquisitions.”
Your investment return may be reduced if we are required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act.
The company is not registered, and does not intend to register itself or any of its subsidiaries, as an investment company under the Investment Company Act. If we become obligated to register the company or any of its subsidiaries as an investment company, the registered entity would have to comply with a variety of substantive requirements under the Investment Company Act imposing, among other things:
| • | limitations on capital structure; |
| • | restrictions on specified investments; |
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| • | prohibitions on transactions with affiliates; and |
| • | compliance with reporting, record keeping, voting, proxy disclosure and other rules and regulations that would significantly change our operations. |
The company intends to conduct its operations, directly and through wholly or majority-owned subsidiaries, so that the company and each of its subsidiaries are exempt from registration as an investment company under the Investment Company Act. Under Section 3(a)(1)(A) of the Investment Company Act, a company is deemed to be an “investment company” if it is, or holds itself out as being, engaged primarily, or proposes to engage primarily, in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities. Under Section 3(a)(1)(C) of the Investment Company Act, a company is deemed to be an “investment company” if it is engaged, or proposes to engage, in the business of investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or trading in securities and owns or propose to acquire “investment securities” having a value exceeding 40% of the value of its total assets on an unconsolidated basis, which we refer to as the “40% test.”
Since we will be primarily engaged in the business of acquiring real estate, we believe that the company and most, if not all, of its wholly and majority-owned subsidiaries will not be considered investment companies under either Section 3(a)(1)(A) or Section 3(a)(1)(C) of the Investment Company Act. If the company or any of its wholly or majority-owned subsidiaries would ever inadvertently fall within one of the definitions of “investment company,” we intend to rely on the exception provided by Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the Investment Company Act.
Under Section 3(c)(5)(C), the SEC staff generally requires the company to maintain at least 55% of its assets directly in qualifying assets and at least 80% of the entity’s assets in qualifying assets and in a broader category of real estate related assets to qualify for this exception. Mortgage-related securities may or may not constitute such qualifying assets, depending on the characteristics of the mortgage-related securities, including the rights that we have with respect to the underlying loans. The company’s ownership of mortgage-related securities, therefore, is limited by provisions of the Investment Company Act and SEC staff interpretations. See the section entitled “Business and Policies — Investment Company Act of 1940” in this prospectus.
The method we use to classify our assets for purposes of the Investment Company Act will be based in large measure upon no-action positions taken by the SEC staff in the past. These no-action positions were issued in accordance with factual situations that may be substantially different from the factual situations we may face, and a number of these no-action positions were issued more than ten years ago. No assurance can be given that the SEC staff will concur with our classification of our assets. In addition, the SEC staff may, in the future, issue further guidance that may require us to re-classify our assets for purposes of qualifying for an exclusion from regulation under the Investment Company Act. If we are required to re-classify our assets, we may no longer be in compliance with the exclusion from the definition of an “investment company” provided by Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the Investment Company Act.
A change in the value of any of our assets could cause us or one or more of our wholly or majority-owned subsidiaries to fall within the definition of “investment company” and negatively affect our ability to maintain our exemption from regulation under the Investment Company Act. To avoid being required to register the company or any of its subsidiaries as an investment company under the Investment Company Act, we may be unable to sell assets we would otherwise want to sell and may need to sell assets we would otherwise wish to retain. In addition, we may have to acquire additional income- or loss-generating assets that we might not otherwise have acquired or may have to forgo opportunities to acquire interests in companies that we would otherwise want to acquire and would be important to our investment strategy.
If we were required to register the company as an investment company but failed to do so, we would be prohibited from engaging in our business, and criminal and civil actions could be brought against us. In addition, our contracts would be unenforceable unless a court required enforcement, and a court could appoint a receiver to take control of us and liquidate our business.
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You are bound by the majority vote on matters on which you are entitled to vote, and therefore, your vote on a particular matter may be superseded by the vote of others.
You may vote on certain matters at any annual or special meeting of stockholders, including the election of directors. However, you will be bound by the majority vote on matters requiring approval of a majority of the stockholders even if you do not vote with the majority on any such matter.
If you do not agree with the decisions of our board of directors, you only have limited control over changes in our policies and operations and may not be able to change such policies and operations.
Our board of directors determines our major policies, including our policies regarding investments, financing, growth, debt capitalization, REIT qualification and distributions. Our board of directors may amend or revise these and other policies without a vote of the stockholders except to the extent that such policies are set forth in our charter. Under the Maryland General Corporation Law and our charter, our stockholders have a right to vote only on the following:
| • | the election or removal of directors; |
| • | any amendment of our charter (including a change in our investment objectives), except that our board of directors may amend our charter without stockholder approval to (a) increase or decrease the aggregate number of our shares or the number of shares of any class or series that we have the authority to issue, (b) effect certain reverse stock splits, and (c) change our name or the name or other designation or the par value of any class or series of our stock and the aggregate par value of our stock; |
| • | our liquidation or dissolution; |
| • | certain reorganizations of our company, as provided in our charter; and |
| • | certain mergers, consolidations or sales or other dispositions of all or substantially all our assets, as provided in our charter. |
All other matters are subject to the discretion of our board of directors.
Our board of directors may change our investment policies without stockholder approval, which could alter the nature of your investments.
Our charter requires that our independent directors review our investment policies at least annually to determine that the policies we are following are in the best interest of the stockholders. These policies may change over time. The methods of implementing our investment policies also may vary, as new real estate development trends emerge and new investment techniques are developed. Our investment policies, the methods for their implementation, and our other objectives, policies and procedures may be altered by our board of directors without the approval of our stockholders. As a result, the nature of your investment could change without your consent.
We will not calculate the net asset value per share for our shares until 18 months after completion of our last offering. Therefore, you will not be able to determine the net asset value of your shares on an on-going basis during this offering and for a substantial period of time thereafter.
We do not intend to calculate the net asset value per share for our shares until 18 months after the completion of our last offering. Beginning 18 months after the completion of the last offering of our shares (excluding offerings under our distribution reinvestment plan), our board of directors will determine the value of our properties and our other assets based on such information as our board determines appropriate, which may or may not include independent valuations of our properties or of our enterprise as a whole. We will disclose this net asset value to stockholders in our filings with the SEC. Therefore, you will not be able to determine the net asset value of your shares on an on-going basis during this offering. See the section entitled “Investment by Tax-Exempt Entities and ERISA Considerations — Annual or More Frequent Valuation Requirement” in this prospectus.
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You are limited in your ability to sell your shares pursuant to our share repurchase program and may have to hold your shares for an indefinite period of time.
Our board of directors may amend the terms of our share repurchase program without stockholder approval. Our board of directors also is free to suspend or terminate the program upon 30 days’ notice or to reject any request for repurchase. In addition, the share repurchase program includes numerous restrictions that would limit your ability to sell your shares. Generally, you must have held your shares for at least one year in order to participate in our share repurchase program. Subject to funds being available, the purchase price for shares repurchased under our share repurchase program will be as set forth below until we establish an estimated value of our shares. We do not currently anticipate obtaining appraisals for our investments (other than investments in transactions with our sponsor, advisor, directors or their respective affiliates) and, accordingly, the estimated value of our investments should not be viewed as an accurate reflection of the fair market value of our investments nor will they represent the amount of net proceeds that would result from an immediate sale of our assets. We expect to begin establishing an estimated value of our shares based on the value of our real estate and real estate-related investments beginning 18 months after the close of this offering. We will retain persons independent of us and our advisor to prepare the estimated value of our shares. Only those stockholders who purchased their shares from us or received their shares from us (directly or indirectly) through one or more non-cash transactions may be able to participate in the share redemption program. In other words, once our shares are transferred for value by a stockholder, the transferee and all subsequent holders of the shares are not eligible to participate in the share redemption program. We will repurchase shares on the last business day of each quarter (and in all events on a date other than a dividend payment date). Prior to establishing the estimated value of our shares, the price per share that we will pay to repurchase shares of our common stock will be as follows: (a) the lower of $9.25 or 92.5% of the price paid to acquire the shares from us for stockholders who have continuously held their shares for at least one year, (b) the lower of $9.50 or 95.0% of the price paid to acquire the shares from us for stockholders who have continuously held their shares for at least two years, (c) the lower of $9.75 or 97.5% of the price paid to acquire the shares from us for stockholders who have continuously held their shares for at least three years, and (d) the lower of $10.00 or 100% of the price paid to acquire the shares from us for stockholders who have continuously held their shares for at least four years (in each case, as adjusted for any stock dividends, combinations, splits, recapitalizations and the like with respect to our common stock). These limits might prevent us from accommodating all repurchase requests made in any year. See the section entitled “Share Repurchase Program” in this prospectus for more information about the share repurchase program. These restrictions severely limit your ability to sell your shares should you require liquidity, and limit your ability to recover the value you invested or the fair market value of your shares.
We established the offering price on an arbitrary basis; as a result, the actual value of your investment may be substantially less than what you pay.
Our board of directors has arbitrarily determined the selling price of the shares, and such price bears no relationship to our book or asset values, or to any other established criteria for valuing issued or outstanding shares. Because the offering price is not based upon any independent valuation, the offering price is not indicative of the proceeds that you would receive upon liquidation.
Because the dealer manager is one of our affiliates, you will not have the benefit of an independent review of the prospectus or us customarily performed in underwritten offerings.
The dealer manager, Realty Capital Securities, LLC, is one of our affiliates and will not make an independent review of us or the offering. Accordingly, you will have to rely on your own broker-dealer to make an independent review of the terms of this offering. If your broker-dealer does not conduct such a review, you will not have the benefit of an independent review of the terms of this offering. Further, the due diligence investigation of us by the dealer manager cannot be considered to be an independent review and, therefore, may not be as meaningful as a review conducted by an unaffiliated broker-dealer or investment banker. In addition, we do not, and do not expect to, have research analysts reviewing our performance or our securities on an ongoing basis. Therefore, you will not have an independent review of our performance and the value of our common stock relative to publicly traded companies.
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Your interest in us will be diluted if we issue additional shares.
Existing stockholders and potential investors in this offering do not have preemptive rights to any shares issued by us in the future. Our charter currently has authorized 350,000,000 shares of stock, of which 300,000,000 shares are designated as common stock and 50,000,000 are designated as preferred stock. Subject to any limitations set forth under Maryland law, our board of directors may increase or decrease the aggregate number of authorized shares of stock, increase or decrease the number of shares of any class or series of stock designated, or reclassify any unissued shares without the necessity of obtaining stockholder approval. All such shares may be issued in the discretion of our board of directors. Existing stockholders and investors purchasing shares in this offering likely will suffer dilution of their equity investment in us if we: (a) sell shares in this offering or sell additional shares in the future, including those issued pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan; (b) sell securities that are convertible into shares of our common stock; (c) issue shares of our common stock in a private offering of securities to institutional investors; (d) issue restricted share awards to our directors; (e) issue shares to our advisor or its successors or assigns, in payment of an outstanding fee obligation as set forth under our advisory agreement; or (f) issue shares of our common stock to sellers of properties acquired by us in connection with an exchange of limited partnership interests of New York Recovery Operating Partnership, L.P. In addition, the partnership agreement for New York Recovery Operating Partnership, L.P. contains provisions that would allow, under certain circumstances, other entities, including other American Realty Capital-sponsored programs, to merge into or cause the exchange or conversion of their interest for interests of New York Recovery Operating Partnership, L.P. Because the limited partnership interests of New York Recovery Operating Partnership, L.P. may, in the discretion of our board of directors, be exchanged for shares of our common stock, any merger, exchange or conversion between New York Recovery Operating Partnership, L.P. and another entity ultimately could result in the issuance of a substantial number of shares of our common stock, thereby diluting the percentage ownership interest of other stockholders. Because of these and other reasons described in this “Risk Factors” section, you should not expect to be able to own a significant percentage of our shares.
Future offerings of equity securities which are senior to our common stock for purposes of dividend distributions or upon liquidation may adversely affect the per share trading price of our common stock.
In the future, we may attempt to increase our capital resources by making additional offerings of equity securities. Under our charter, we may issue, without stockholder approval, preferred stock or other classes of common stock with rights that could dilute the value of your shares of common stock. Any issuance of preferred stock must be approved by a majority of our independent directors not otherwise interested in the transaction, who will have access, at our expense, to our legal counsel or to independent legal counsel. Upon liquidation, holders of our shares of preferred stock having a preference as to dividend distributions or upon liquidation will be entitled to receive our available assets prior to distribution to the holders of our common stock. Additionally, any convertible, exercisable or exchangeable securities that we issue in the future may have rights, preferences and privileges more favorable than those of our common stock and may result in dilution to owners of our common stock. Holders of our common stock are not entitled to preemptive rights or other protections against dilution. Our preferred stock, if issued, could have a preference on liquidating distributions or a preference on dividend payments that could limit our ability pay a liquidating distribution or dividends to the holders of our common stock. Because our decision to issue securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of our future offerings. Thus, our stockholders bear the risk of our future offerings reducing the per share trading price of our common stock and diluting their interest in us.
The value of our common shares was diluted upon conversion of the preferred shares.
On December 22, 2009, we commenced a private offering to accredited investors of up to $50,000,000 in shares of our 8% series A convertible preferred stock (or the preferred shares) subject to an option to increase the offering up to $100,000,000 in shares of our preferred stock. Pursuant to the terms of the private offering, the private offering terminated on September 2, 2010, the effective date of the registration statement. We received aggregate gross offering proceeds, net of certain discounts, of approximately $16.9 million from the sale of shares in the private offering. The preferred shares were convertible in whole or in part into shares of common stock after September 2, 2011, the first anniversary of the final closing of the private offering, at a
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conversion price of $9.00 per share (subject to discounts to a price not less than $8.50). On December 15, 2011, we exercised our option to convert all our outstanding preferred shares into approximately 2.0 million shares of common stock on a one-for-one basis. This conversion price was at a discount from the public offering price of our common stock pursuant to this offering and has resulted in dilution of our stockholders’ interest in us.
Payment of fees to New York Recovery Advisors, LLC and its affiliates reduces cash available for investment and distribution.
New York Recovery Advisors, LLC and its affiliates will perform services for us in connection with the offer and sale of the shares, the selection and acquisition of our investments, and the management and leasing of our properties, the servicing of our mortgage, bridge or mezzanine loans, if any, and the administration of our other investments. They are paid substantial fees for these services, which reduces the amount of cash available for investment in properties or distribution to stockholders. Such fees and reimbursements include, but are not limited to: (i) a monthly asset management fee equal to one-twelfth of 0.75% of the cost our assets; (ii) reimbursement of up to 1.5% of gross offering proceeds for organization and offering expenses; (iii) acquisition fees equal to 1.0% of the contract purchase price of each property or asset that we acquire (including our pro rata share of debt attributable to such property) and 1.0% of the amount advanced for a loan or other investment (including our pro rata share of debt attributable to such investment), along with reimbursement of acquisition expenses; (iv) reimbursement for expenses actually incurred (including personnel costs) related to selecting, evaluating and acquiring assets on our behalf; (v) a financing coordination fee equal to 0.75% of the amount available and/or outstanding under any debt financing that we obtain and use for the acquisition of properties and other investments or that is assumed, directly or indirectly, in connection with the acquisition of properties; (vi) a real estate commission paid on the sale of property, up to the lesser of 2% and one-half of the total brokerage commission paid if a third party broker is also involved; (vii) a subordinated participation in net sale proceeds equal to 15% of remaining Net Sale Proceeds (as defined in the advisory agreement) after return of capital contributions plus payment to investors of an annual 6% cumulative, pre-tax, non-compounded return on the capital contributed by investors; (viii) a subordinated incentive listing fee equal to 15% of the amount by which the sum of our adjusted market value plus distributions exceeds the sum of the aggregate capital contributed by investors plus an amount equal to an annual 6% cumulative, pre-tax, non-compounded return to investors; and (ix) a subordinated termination fee, in each case subject to the conditions set forth in the advisory agreement. For a more detailed discussion of the fees payable to such entities in respect of this offering, see the section entitled “Management Compensation” in this prospectus.
Because of our holding company structure, we depend on our operating subsidiary and its subsidiaries for cash flow and we will be structurally subordinated in right of payment to the obligations of such operating subsidiary and its subsidiaries.
We are a holding company with no business operations of our own. Our only significant asset is and will be the general partnership interests of our operating partnership. We conduct, and intend to conduct, all of our business operations through our operating partnership. Accordingly, our only source of cash to pay our obligations is distributions from our operating partnership and its subsidiaries of their net earnings and cash flows. We cannot assure you that our operating partnership or its subsidiaries will be able to, or be permitted to, make distributions to us that will enable us to make distributions to our stockholders from cash flows from operations. Each of our operating partnership’s subsidiaries is a distinct legal entity and, under certain circumstances, legal and contractual restrictions may limit our ability to obtain cash from such entities. In addition, because we are a holding company, your claims as stockholders will be structurally subordinated to all existing and future liabilities and obligations of our operating partnership and its subsidiaries. Therefore, in the event of our bankruptcy, liquidation or reorganization, our assets and those of our operating partnership and its subsidiaries will be able to satisfy your claims as stockholders only after all of our and our operating partnerships and its subsidiaries liabilities and obligations have been paid in full.
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General Risks Related to Investments in Real Estate
Our operating results will be affected by economic and regulatory changes that have an adverse impact on the real estate market in general, and we cannot assure you that we will be profitable or that we will realize growth in the value of our real estate properties.
Our operating results are subject to risks generally incident to the ownership of real estate, including:
| • | changes in general economic or local conditions; |
| • | changes in supply of or demand for similar or competing properties in an area; |
| • | changes in interest rates and availability of permanent mortgage funds that may render the sale of a property difficult or unattractive; |
| • | changes in tax, real estate, environmental and zoning laws; and |
| • | periods of high interest rates and tight money supply. |
These and other risks may prevent us from being profitable or from realizing growth or maintaining the value of our real estate properties.
If a tenant declares bankruptcy, we may be unable to collect balances due under relevant leases.
Any of our tenants, or any guarantor of a tenant’s lease obligations, could be subject to a bankruptcy proceeding pursuant to Title 11 of the bankruptcy laws of the United States. Such a bankruptcy filing would bar all efforts by us to collect pre-bankruptcy debts from these entities or their properties, unless we receive an enabling order from the bankruptcy court. Post-bankruptcy debts would be paid currently. If a lease is assumed, all pre-bankruptcy balances owing under it must be paid in full. If a lease is rejected by a tenant in bankruptcy, we would have a general unsecured claim for damages. If a lease is rejected, it is unlikely we would receive any payments from the tenant because our claim is capped at the rent reserved under the lease, without acceleration, for the greater of one year or 15% of the remaining term of the lease, but not greater than three years, plus rent already due but unpaid. This claim could be paid only if funds were available, and then only in the same percentage as that realized on other unsecured claims.
A tenant or lease guarantor bankruptcy could delay efforts to collect past due balances under the relevant leases, and could ultimately preclude full collection of these sums. Such an event could cause a decrease or cessation of rental payments that would mean a reduction in our cash flow and the amount available for distributions to you. In the event of a bankruptcy, we cannot assure you that the tenant or its trustee will assume our lease. If a given lease, or guaranty of a lease, is not assumed, our cash flow and the amounts available for distributions to you may be adversely affected.
If a sale-leaseback transaction is re-characterized in a tenant’s bankruptcy proceeding, our financial condition could be adversely affected.
We may enter into sale-leaseback transactions, whereby we would purchase a property and then lease the same property back to the person from whom we purchased it. In the event of the bankruptcy of a tenant, a transaction structured as a sale-leaseback may be re-characterized as either a financing or a joint venture, either of which outcomes could adversely affect our business. If the sale-leaseback were re-characterized as a financing, we might not be considered the owner of the property, and as a result would have the status of a creditor in relation to the tenant. In that event, we would no longer have the right to sell or encumber our ownership interest in the property. Instead, we would have a claim against the tenant for the amounts owed under the lease, with the claim arguably secured by the property. The tenant/debtor might have the ability to propose a plan restructuring the term, interest rate and amortization schedule of its outstanding balance. If confirmed by the bankruptcy court, we could be bound by the new terms, and prevented from foreclosing our lien on the property. If the sale-leaseback were re-characterized as a joint venture, our lessee and we could be treated as co-venturers with regard to the property. As a result, we could be held liable, under some circumstances, for debts incurred by the lessee relating to the property. Either of these outcomes could adversely affect our cash flow and the amount available for distributions to you.
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Recharacterization of sale-leaseback transactions may cause us to lose our REIT status.
If we enter into sale-leaseback transactions, we will use commercially reasonable efforts to structure any such sale-leaseback transaction such that the lease will be characterized as a “true lease” for tax purposes, thereby allowing us to be treated as the owner of the property for U.S. federal income tax purposes. However, we cannot assure you that the IRS will not challenge such characterization. In the event that any such sale-leaseback transaction is challenged and recharacterized as a financing transaction or loan for U.S. federal income tax purposes, deductions for depreciation and cost recovery relating to such property would be disallowed. If a sale-leaseback transaction were so recharacterized, we might fail to satisfy the REIT qualification “asset tests” or “income tests” and, consequently, lose our REIT status effective with the year of recharacterization. Alternatively, the amount of our REIT taxable income could be recalculated which might also cause us to fail to meet the distribution requirement for a taxable year.
Properties that have vacancies for a significant period of time could be difficult to sell, which could diminish the return on your investment.
A property may incur vacancies either by the continued default of tenants under their leases or the expiration of tenant leases. If vacancies continue for a long period of time, we may suffer reduced revenues resulting in less cash to be distributed to stockholders. In addition, because properties’ market values depend principally upon the value of the properties’ leases, the resale value of properties with prolonged vacancies could suffer, which could further reduce your return.
We may obtain only limited warranties when we purchase a property and would have only limited recourse if our due diligence did not identify any issues that lower the value of our property.
The seller of a property often sells such property in its “as is” condition on a “where is” basis and “with all faults,” without any warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. In addition, purchase agreements may contain only limited warranties, representations and indemnifications that will only survive for a limited period after the closing. The purchase of properties with limited warranties increases the risk that we may lose some or all our invested capital in the property as well as the loss of rental income from that property.
We may be unable to secure funds for future tenant improvements or capital needs, which could adversely impact our ability to pay cash distributions to our stockholders.
When tenants do not renew their leases or otherwise vacate their space, it is usual that, in order to attract replacement tenants, we will be required to expend substantial funds for tenant improvements and tenant refurbishments to the vacated space. In addition, we will likely be responsible for any major structural repairs, such as repairs to the foundation, exterior walls and rooftops, even if our leases with tenants require tenants to pay routine property maintenance costs. We will use substantially all of this offering’s gross proceeds to buy real estate and pay various fees and expenses. We intend to reserve only 0.1% of the gross proceeds from this offering for future capital needs. Accordingly, if we need additional capital in the future to improve or maintain our properties or for any other reason, we will have to obtain financing from other sources, such as cash flow from operations, borrowings, property sales or future equity offerings. These sources of funding may not be available on attractive terms or at all. If we cannot procure additional funding for capital improvements, our investments may generate lower cash flows or decline in value, or both.
Our inability to sell a property when we desire to do so could adversely impact our ability to pay cash distributions to you.
The real estate market is affected by many factors, such as general economic conditions, availability of financing, interest rates and other factors, including supply and demand, that are beyond our control. We cannot predict whether we will be able to sell any property for the price or on the terms set by us, or whether any price or other terms offered by a prospective purchaser would be acceptable to us. We cannot predict the length of time needed to find a willing purchaser and to close the sale of a property.
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We may be required to expend funds to correct defects or to make improvements before a property can be sold. We cannot assure you that we will have funds available to correct such defects or to make such improvements. Moreover, in acquiring a property, we may agree to restrictions that prohibit the sale of that property for a period of time or impose other restrictions, such as a limitation on the amount of debt that can be placed or repaid on that property. These provisions would restrict our ability to sell a property.
We may not be able to sell our properties at a price equal to, or greater than, the price for which we purchased such property, which may lead to a decrease in the value of our assets.
Many of our leases will not contain rental increases over time. Therefore, the value of the property to a potential purchaser may not increase over time, which may restrict our ability to sell a property, or if we are able to sell such property, may lead to a sale price less than the price that we paid to purchase the property.
We may acquire or finance properties with lock-out provisions, which may prohibit us from selling a property, or may require us to maintain specified debt levels for a period of years on some properties.
Lock-out provisions could materially restrict us from selling or otherwise disposing of or refinancing properties. These provisions would affect our ability to turn our investments into cash and thus affect cash available for distributions to you. Lock out provisions may prohibit us from reducing the outstanding indebtedness with respect to any properties, refinancing such indebtedness on a non-recourse basis at maturity, or increasing the amount of indebtedness with respect to such properties. Lock-out provisions could impair our ability to take other actions during the lock-out period that could be in the best interests of our stockholders and, therefore, may have an adverse impact on the value of the shares, relative to the value that would result if the lock-out provisions did not exist. In particular, lock-out provisions could preclude us from participating in major transactions that could result in a disposition of our assets or a change in control even though that disposition or change in control might be in the best interests of our stockholders.
Rising expenses could reduce cash flow and funds available for future acquisitions.
Any properties that we buy in the future will be subject to operating risks common to real estate in general, any or all of which may negatively affect us. If any property is not fully occupied or if rents are being paid in an amount that is insufficient to cover operating expenses, we could be required to expend funds with respect to that property for operating expenses. The properties will be subject to increases in tax rates, utility costs, operating expenses, insurance costs, repairs and maintenance and administrative expenses. If renewals of leases or future leases are not negotiated on a triple-net-lease basis or do not require the tenants to pay all or a portion of such expenses, we may have to pay those costs. If we are unable to lease properties on a triple-net-lease basis or on a basis requiring the tenants to pay all or some of such expenses, or if tenants fail to pay required tax, utility and other impositions, we could be required to pay those costs which could adversely affect funds available for future acquisitions or cash available for distributions.
If we suffer losses that are not covered by insurance or that are in excess of insurance coverage, we could lose invested capital and anticipated profits.
We will carry comprehensive general liability coverage and umbrella liability coverage on all our properties with limits of liability which we deem adequate to insure against liability claims and provide for the costs of defense. Similarly, we are insured against the risk of direct physical damage in amounts we estimate to be adequate to reimburse us on a replacement cost basis for costs incurred to repair or rebuild each property, including loss of rental income during the rehabilitation period. Material losses may occur in excess of insurance proceeds with respect to any property, as insurance may not be sufficient to fund the losses. However, there are types of losses, generally of a catastrophic nature, such as losses due to wars, acts of terrorism, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, pollution or environmental matters, which are either uninsurable or not economically insurable, or may be insured subject to limitations, such as large deductibles or co-payments. Insurance risks associated with potential terrorism acts could sharply increase the premiums we pay for coverage against property and casualty claims. Additionally, mortgage lenders in some cases have begun to insist that commercial property owners purchase specific coverage against terrorism as a condition for providing mortgage loans. It is uncertain whether such insurance policies will be available, or available at reasonable cost, which could inhibit our ability to finance or refinance our potential properties. In these
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instances, we may be required to provide other financial support, either through financial assurances or self-insurance, to cover potential losses. We may not have adequate, or any, coverage for such losses. The Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002 is designed for a sharing of terrorism losses between insurance companies and the federal government, and extends the federal terrorism insurance backstop through 2014. We cannot be certain how this act will impact us or what additional cost to us, if any, could result. If such an event damaged or destroyed one or more of our properties, we could lose both our invested capital and anticipated profits from such property.
Real estate related taxes may increase and if these increases are not passed on to tenants, our income will be reduced.
Some local real property tax assessors may seek to reassess some of our properties as a result of our acquisition of the property. Generally, from time to time our property taxes increase as property values or assessment rates change or for other reasons deemed relevant by the assessors. An increase in the assessed valuation of a property for real estate tax purposes will result in an increase in the related real estate taxes on that property. There is no assurance that renewal leases or future leases will be negotiated on the same basis, even if some tenant leases permit us to pass through such tax increases to the tenants for payment. Increases not passed through to tenants will adversely affect our income, cash available for distributions, and the amount of distributions to you.
CC&Rs may restrict our ability to operate a property.
Some of our properties may be contiguous to other parcels of real property, comprising part of the same commercial center. In connection with such properties, there are significant covenants, conditions and restrictions, known as “CC&Rs,” restricting the operation of such properties and any improvements on such properties, and related to granting easements on such properties. Moreover, the operation and management of the contiguous properties may impact such properties. Compliance with CC&Rs may adversely affect our operating costs and reduce the amount of funds that we have available to pay distributions.
Our operating results may be negatively affected by potential development and construction delays and resultant increased costs and risks.
We may use proceeds from this offering to acquire and develop properties upon which we will construct improvements. We will be subject to uncertainties associated with re-zoning for development, environmental concerns of governmental entities and/or community groups, and our builder’s ability to build in conformity with plans, specifications, budgeted costs, and timetables. If a builder fails to perform, we may resort to legal action to rescind the purchase or the construction contract or to compel performance. A builder’s performance also may be affected or delayed by conditions beyond the builder’s control. Delays in completion of construction could also give tenants the right to terminate preconstruction leases. We may incur additional risks when we make periodic progress payments or other advances to builders before they complete construction. These and other such factors can result in increased costs of a project or loss of our investment. In addition, we will be subject to normal lease-up risks relating to newly constructed projects. We also must rely on rental income and expense projections and estimates of the fair market value of property upon completion of construction when agreeing upon a price at the time we acquire the property. If our projections are inaccurate, we may pay too much for a property, and our return on our investment could suffer.
We may invest in unimproved real property. For purposes of this paragraph, “unimproved real property” does not include properties acquired for the purpose of producing rental or other operating income, properties under development or construction, and properties under contract for development or in planning for development within one year. Returns from development of unimproved properties are also subject to risks associated with re-zoning the land for development and environmental concerns of governmental entities and/or community groups. If we invest unimproved property other than property we intend to develop, your investment will be subject to the risks associated with investments in unimproved real property.
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Competition with third parties in acquiring properties and other investments may reduce our profitability and the return on your investment.
We compete with many other entities engaged in real estate investment activities, including individuals, corporations, bank and insurance company investment accounts, other REITs, real estate limited partnerships, and other entities engaged in real estate investment activities, many of which have greater resources than we do. Larger REITs may enjoy significant competitive advantages that result from, among other things, a lower cost of capital and enhanced operating efficiencies. In addition, the number of entities and the amount of funds competing for suitable investments may increase. Any such increase would result in increased demand for these assets and therefore increased prices paid for them. If we pay higher prices for properties and other investments, our profitability will be reduced and you may experience a lower return on your investment.
Our properties face competition that may affect tenants’ ability to pay rent and the amount of rent paid to us may affect the cash available for distributions and the amount of distributions.
Our properties typically are, and we expect will be, located in developed areas such as the New York MSA. Therefore, there are and will be numerous other properties within the market area of each of our properties that will compete with us for tenants. The number of competitive properties could have a material effect on our ability to rent space at our properties and the amount of rents charged. We could be adversely affected if additional competitive properties are built in locations competitive with our properties, causing increased competition for customer traffic and creditworthy tenants. This could result in decreased cash flow from tenants and may require us to make capital improvements to properties that we would not have otherwise made, thus affecting cash available for distributions, and the amount available for distributions to you.
We may be unable to renew leases, lease vacant space or re-lease space as leases expire, which could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow, cash available for distribution and our ability to satisfy our debt service obligations.
We cannot assure you that leases will be renewed or that our properties will be re-leased at rental rates equal to or above our existing rental rates or that substantial rent abatements, tenant improvements, early termination rights or tenant-favorable renewal options will not be offered to attract new tenants or retain existing tenants. If the rental rates of our properties decrease, our existing tenants do not renew their leases or we do not re-lease a significant portion of our available space and space for which leases will expire, our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow, and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders and to satisfy our principal and interest obligations would be adversely affected. Moreover, the resale value of our property could be diminished because the market value of the property depends upon the value of the leases of the property.
Delays in acquisitions of properties may have an adverse effect on your investment.
There may be a substantial period of time before the proceeds of this offering are invested. Delays we encounter in the selection, acquisition and/or development of properties could adversely affect your returns. Where properties are acquired prior to the start of construction or during the early stages of construction, it will typically take several months to complete construction and rent available space. Therefore, you could suffer delays in the payment of cash distributions attributable to those particular properties.
Costs of complying with governmental laws and regulations, including those relating to environmental matters, may adversely affect our income and the cash available for any distributions.
All real property and the operations conducted on real property are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to environmental protection and human health and safety. These laws and regulations generally govern wastewater discharges, air emissions, the operation and removal of underground and above-ground storage tanks, the use, storage, treatment, transportation and disposal of solid and hazardous materials, and the remediation of contamination associated with disposals. Environmental laws and regulations may impose joint and several liability on tenants, owners or operators for the costs to investigate or remediate contaminated properties, regardless of fault or whether the acts causing the contamination were legal. This
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liability could be substantial. In addition, the presence of hazardous substances, or the failure to properly remediate these substances, may adversely affect our ability to sell, rent or pledge such property as collateral for future borrowings.
Some of these laws and regulations have been amended so as to require compliance with new or more stringent standards as of future dates. Compliance with new or more stringent laws or regulations or stricter interpretation of existing laws may require material expenditures by us. Future laws, ordinances or regulations may impose material environmental liability. Additionally, our tenants’ operations, the existing condition of land when we buy it, operations in the vicinity of our properties, such as the presence of underground storage tanks, or activities of unrelated third parties may affect our properties. In addition, there are various local, state and federal fire, health, life-safety and similar regulations with which we may be required to comply, and that may subject us to liability in the form of fines or damages for noncompliance. Any material expenditures, fines, or damages we must pay will reduce our ability to make distributions and may reduce the value of your investment.
State and federal laws in this area are constantly evolving, and we intend to monitor these laws and take commercially reasonable steps to protect ourselves from the impact of these laws, including obtaining environmental assessments of most properties that we acquire; however, we will not obtain an independent third-party environmental assessment for every property we acquire. In addition, any such assessment that we do obtain may not reveal all environmental liabilities or that a prior owner of a property did not create a material environmental condition not known to us. The cost of defending against claims of liability, of compliance with environmental regulatory requirements, of remediating any contaminated property, or of paying personal injury claims would materially adversely affect our business, assets or results of operations and, consequently, amounts available for distribution to you. See the section entitled “Investment Strategy, Objectives and Policies — Acquisition and Investment Policies — Investing in Real Property” in this prospectus.
If we sell properties by providing financing to purchasers, defaults by the purchasers would adversely affect our cash flows.
If we decide to sell any of our properties, we intend to use our best efforts to sell them for cash. However, in some instances we may sell our properties by providing financing to purchasers. When we provide financing to purchasers, we will bear the risk that the purchaser may default, which could negatively impact our cash distributions to stockholders. Even in the absence of a purchaser default, the distribution of the proceeds of sales to our stockholders, or their reinvestment in other assets, will be delayed until the promissory notes or other property we may accept upon the sale are actually paid, sold, refinanced or otherwise disposed of. In some cases, we may receive initial down payments in cash and other property in the year of sale in an amount less than the selling price and subsequent payments will be spread over a number of years. If any purchaser defaults under a financing arrangement with us, it could negatively impact our ability to pay cash distributions to our stockholders.
Our recovery of an investment in a mortgage, bridge or mezzanine loan that has defaulted may be limited.
There is no guarantee that the mortgage, loan or deed of trust securing an investment will, following a default, permit us to recover the original investment and interest that would have been received absent a default. The security provided by a mortgage, deed of trust or loan is directly related to the difference between the amount owed and the appraised market value of the property. Even though we intend to rely on a current real estate appraisal when we make the investment, the value of the property is affected by factors outside our control, including general fluctuations in the real estate market, rezoning, neighborhood changes, highway relocations and failure by the borrower to maintain the property. In addition, we may incur the costs of litigation in our efforts to enforce our rights under defaulted loans.
Our costs associated with complying with the Americans with Disabilities Act may affect cash available for distributions.
Our properties will be subject to the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (Disabilities Act). Under the Disabilities Act, all places of public accommodation are required to comply with federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons. The Disabilities Act has separate compliance requirements for
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“public accommodations” and “commercial facilities” that generally require that buildings and services, including restaurants and retail stores, be made accessible and available to people with disabilities. The Disabilities Act’s requirements could require removal of access barriers and could result in the imposition of injunctive relief, monetary penalties, or, in some cases, an award of damages. We will attempt to acquire properties that comply with the Disabilities Act or place the burden on the seller or other third party, such as a tenant, to ensure compliance with the Disabilities Act. However, we cannot assure you that we will be able to acquire properties or allocate responsibilities in this manner. If we cannot, our funds used for Disabilities Act compliance may affect cash available for distributions and the amount of distributions to you.
Economic conditions may adversely affect our income and we could be subject to risks associated with acquiring discounted real estate assets.
U.S. and international markets are currently experiencing increased levels of volatility due to a combination of many factors, including decreasing values of home prices, limited access to credit markets, higher fuel prices, less consumer spending and fears of a national and global recession. The effects of the current market dislocation may persist as financial institutions continue to take the necessary steps to restructure their business and capital structures. As a result, this economic downturn has reduced demand for space and removed support for rents and property values. Since we cannot predict when the real estate markets will recover, the value of our properties may decline if current market conditions persist or worsen.
In addition, we will be subject to the risks generally incident to the ownership of discounted real estate assets. Such assets may be purchased at a discount from historical cost due to, among other things, substantial deferred maintenance, abandonment, undesirable locations or markets, or poorly structured financing of the real estate or debt instruments underlying the assets, which has since lowered their value. Further, the continuing instability in the financial markets has limited the availability of lines of credit and the degree to which people and entities have access to cash to pay rents or debt service on the underlying the assets. Such illiquidity has the effect of increasing vacancies, increasing bankruptcies and weakening interest rates commercial entities can charge consumers, which can all decrease the value of already discounted real estate assets. Should conditions worsen, the continued inability of the underlying real estate assets to produce income may weaken our return on our investments, which, in turn, may weaken your return on investment.
Further, irrespective of the instability the financial markets may have on the return produced by discounted real estate assets, the evolving efforts to correct the instability make the valuation of such assets highly unpredictable. The fluctuation in market conditions make judging the future performance of such assets difficult. There is a risk that we may not purchase real estate assets at absolute discounted rates and that such assets may continue to decline in value.
Retail Industry Risks
Retail conditions may adversely affect our income.
A retail property’s revenues and value may be adversely affected by a number of factors, many of which apply to real estate investment generally, but which also include trends in the retail industry and perceptions by retailers or shoppers of the safety, convenience and attractiveness of the retail property. In addition, to the extent that the investing public has a negative perception of the retail sector, the value of our common stock may be negatively impacted.
Some of our leases may provide for base rent plus contractual base rent increases. A number of our retail leases also may include a percentage rent clause for additional rent above the base amount based upon a specified percentage of the sales our tenants generate. Under those leases which contain percentage rent clauses, our revenue from tenants may increase as the sales of our tenants increase. Generally, retailers face declining revenues during downturns in the economy. As a result, the portion of our revenue which we may derive from percentage rent leases could decline upon a general economic downturn.
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Our revenue will be impacted by the success and economic viability of our anchor retail tenants. Our reliance on single or significant tenants in certain buildings may decrease our ability to lease vacated space.
In the retail sector, any tenant occupying a large portion of the gross leasable area of a retail center, a tenant of any of the triple-net single-user retail properties outside the primary geographical area of investment, commonly referred to as an anchor tenant, or a tenant that is our anchor tenant at more than one retail center, may become insolvent, may suffer a downturn in business, or may decide not to renew its lease. Any of these events would result in a reduction or cessation in rental payments to us and would adversely affect our financial condition. A lease termination by an anchor tenant could result in lease terminations or reductions in rent by other tenants whose leases permit cancellation or rent reduction if another tenant’s lease is terminated. We may own properties where the tenants may have rights to terminate their leases if certain other tenants are no longer open for business. These “co-tenancy” provisions also may exist in some leases where we own a portion of a retail property and one or more of the anchor tenants leases space in that portion of the center not owned or controlled by us. If such tenants were to vacate their space, tenants with co-tenancy provisions would have the right to terminate their leases with us or seek a rent reduction from us. In such event, we may be unable to re-lease the vacated space. Similarly, the leases of some anchor tenants may permit the anchor tenant to transfer its lease to another retailer. The transfer to a new anchor tenant could cause customer traffic in the retail center to decrease and thereby reduce the income generated by that retail center. A lease transfer to a new anchor tenant could also allow other tenants to make reduced rental payments or to terminate their leases at the retail center. If we are unable to re-lease the vacated space to a new anchor tenant, we may incur additional expenses in order to re-model the space to be able to re-lease the space to more than one tenant.
Competition with other retail channels may reduce our profitability and the return on your investment.
If we acquire retail properties, our retail tenants will face potentially changing consumer preferences and increasing competition from other forms of retailing, such as discount shopping centers, outlet centers, upscale neighborhood strip centers, catalogues and other forms of direct marketing, discount shopping clubs, internet websites and telemarketing. Other retail centers within the market area of our properties will compete with our properties for customers, affecting their tenants’ cash flows and thus affecting their ability to pay rent. In addition, some of our tenants’ rent payments may be based on the amount of sales revenue that they generate. If these tenants experience competition, the amount of their rent may decrease and our cash flow will decrease.
Office Industry Risks
Declines in overall activity in our markets may adversely affect the performance of our office properties.
Rental income from office properties fluctuates with general market and economic conditions. Our office properties may be adversely affected by the unprecedented volatility and illiquidity in the financial and credit markets, the general global economic recession, and other market or economic challenges experienced by the U.S. economy or real estate industry as a whole. Because our portfolio will include commercial office buildings located principally in Manhattan, if economic conditions persist or deteriorate, then our results of operations, financial condition and ability to service current debt and to pay distributions to our stockholders may be adversely affected by the following potential conditions, among others:
| • | that significant job losses in the financial and professional services industries have occurred and may continue to occur, which may decrease demand for our office space, causing market rental rates and property values to be negatively impacted; |
| • | that our ability to borrow on terms and conditions that we find acceptable, or at all, may be limited, which could reduce our ability to pursue acquisition and development opportunities and refinance existing debt, reduce our returns from both our existing operations and our acquisition and development activities and increase our future interest expense; |
| • | that reduced values of our properties may limit our ability to dispose of assets at attractive prices or to obtain debt financing secured by our properties and may reduce the availability of unsecured loans; and |
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| • | that reduced liquidity in debt markets and increased credit risk premiums for certain market participants may impair our ability to access capital. |
These conditions, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and ability to pay distributions, may continue or worsen in the future.
We also may experience a decrease in occupancy and rental rates accompanied by increases in the cost of re-leasing space (including for tenant improvements) and in uncollectible receivables. Early lease terminations may significantly contribute to a decline in occupancy of our office properties and may adversely affect our profitability. While lease termination fees increase current period income, future rental income may be diminished because, during periods in which market rents decline, it is unlikely that we will collect from replacement tenants the full contracted amount which had been payable under the terminated leases.
The loss of anchor tenants for our office properties could adversely affect our profitability.
We may acquire office properties and, as with our retail properties, we are subject to the risk that tenants may be unable to make their lease payments or may decline to extend a lease upon its expiration. A lease termination by a tenant that occupies a large area of space in one of our office properties (commonly referred to as an anchor tenant) could impact leases of other tenants. Other tenants may be entitled to modify the terms of their existing leases in the event of a lease termination by an anchor tenant or the closure of the business of an anchor tenant that leaves its space vacant, even if the anchor tenant continues to pay rent. Any such modifications or conditions could be unfavorable to us as the property owner and could decrease rents or expense recoveries. In the event of default by an anchor tenant, we may experience delays and costs in enforcing our rights as landlord to recover amounts due to us under the terms of our agreements with those parties.
Residential Industry Risks
The short-term nature of our residential leases may adversely impact our income.
If our residents decide not to renew their leases upon expiration, we may not be able to relet their units. Because substantially all our residential leases will be for apartments, they generally will be for terms of no more than one or two years. If we are unable to promptly renew the leases or relet the units then our results of operations and financial condition will be adversely affected. Certain significant expenditures associated with each equity investment in real estate (such as mortgage payments, real estate taxes and maintenance costs) are generally not reduced when circumstances result in a reduction in rental income.
An economic downturn could adversely affect the residential industry and may affect operations for the residential properties that we acquire.
As a result of the effects of an economic downturn, including increased unemployment rates, the residential industry may experience a significant decline in business caused by a reduction in overall renters. The current economic downturn and increase in unemployment rates may have an adverse affect on our operations if the tenants occupying the residential properties we acquire cease making rent payments to us. Moreover, low residential mortgage interest rates could accompany an economic downturn and encourage potential renters to purchase residences rather than lease them. The residential properties we acquire may experience declines in occupancy rate due to any such decline in residential mortgage interest rates.
Lodging Industry Risks
The hotel industry is very competitive and seasonal and has been affected by economic slowdowns, terrorist attacks and other world events.
The hotel industry is intensely competitive and seasonal in nature and has been affected by the current economic slowdown, terrorist attacks, military activity in the Middle East, natural disasters and other world events impacting the global economy and the travel and hotel industries, and, as a result, our lodging properties may be adversely affected. Since the hotel industry is intensely competitive, our third-party management company and our third-party tenants may be unable to compete successfully or if our
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competitors’ marketing strategies are more effective, our results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows including our ability to service debt and to make distributions to our stockholders, may be adversely affected. In particular, as a result of terrorist attacks around the world, the war in Iraq and the effects of the economic recession, subsequent to 2001 the lodging industry experienced a significant decline in business caused by a reduction in both business and leisure travel. Our business and lodging properties may continue to be affected by such events, including our hotel occupancy levels and average daily rates, and, as a result, our revenues may decrease or not increase to levels we expect.
Since we do not intend to operate our lodging properties, our revenues depend on the ability of our third-party management company and our-third party tenants to compete successfully with other hotels in the New York MSA. Some of our competitors have substantially greater marketing and financial resources than we do. If our third-party management company and our third-party tenants are unable to compete successfully, including competition from Internet intermediaries, or if our competitors’ marketing strategies are effective, our results of operations, financial condition, ability to service debt and ability to make distributions to our stockholders may be adversely affected.
In addition, the seasonality of the hotel industry can be expected to cause quarterly fluctuations in our revenues and also may be adversely affected by factors outside our control, such as extreme or unexpectedly mild weather conditions or natural disasters, terrorist attacks or alerts, outbreaks of contagious diseases, airline strikes, economic factors and other considerations affecting travel. To the extent that cash flows from operations are insufficient during any quarter, due to temporary or seasonal fluctuations in revenues, we may attempt to borrow in order to make distributions to our stockholders or be required to reduce other expenditures or distributions to stockholders.
Our profitability may be adversely affected by unstable market and business conditions and insufficient demand for lodging due to reduced business and leisure travel.
Our hotels will be subject to all the risks common to the hotel industry and subject to market conditions that affect all hotel properties. These risks could adversely affect hotel occupancy and the rates that can be charged for hotel rooms as well as hotel operating expenses, and generally include:
| • | increases in supply of hotel rooms that exceed increases in demand; |
| • | increases in energy costs and other travel expenses that reduce business and leisure travel; |
| • | reduced business and leisure travel due to continued geo-political uncertainty, including terrorism; |
| • | adverse effects of declines in general and local economic activity; |
| • | adverse effects of a downturn in the hotel industry; and |
| • | risks generally associated with the ownership of hotels and real estate, as discussed below. |
We do not have control over the market and business conditions that affect the value of our lodging properties, and adverse changes with respect to such conditions could have an adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. Hotel properties are subject to varying degrees of risk generally common to the ownership of hotels, many of which are beyond our control, including the following:
| • | increased competition from other existing hotels in our markets; |
| • | new hotels entering our markets, which may adversely affect the occupancy levels and average daily rates of our lodging properties; |
| • | declines in business and leisure travel; |
| • | increases in energy costs, increased threat of terrorism, terrorist events, airline strikes or other factors that may affect travel patterns and reduce the number of business and leisure travelers; |
| • | increases in operating costs due to inflation and other factors that may not be offset by increased room rates; |
| • | changes in, and the related costs of compliance with, governmental laws and regulations, fiscal policies and zoning ordinances; and |
| • | adverse effects of international, national, regional and local economic and market conditions. |
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Adverse changes in any or all these factors could have an adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows, thereby adversely impacting our ability to service debt and to make distributions to our stockholders.
As a REIT, we cannot directly operate our lodging properties, which could adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and our cash flows, which could impact our ability to service debt and make distributions to our stockholders.
We cannot and will not directly operate our lodging properties and, as a result, our results of operations, financial position, ability to service debt and our ability to make distributions to stockholders are dependent on the ability of our third-party management companies and our tenants to operate our hotel properties successfully. In order for us to satisfy certain REIT qualification rules, we cannot directly operate any lodging properties we may acquire or actively participate in the decisions affecting their daily operations. Instead, through a taxable REIT subsidiary, or TRS, we must enter into management agreements with a third-party management company, or we must lease our lodging properties to third-party tenants on a triple-net lease basis. We cannot and will not control this third-party management company or the tenants who operate and are responsible for maintenance and other day-to-day management of our lodging properties, including, but not limited to, the implementation of significant operating decisions. Thus, even if we believe our lodging properties are being operated inefficiently or in a manner that does not result in satisfactory operating results, we may not be able to require the third-party management company or the tenants to change their method of operation of our lodging properties. Our results of operations, financial position, cash flows and our ability to service debt and to make distributions to stockholders are, therefore, dependent on the ability of our third-party management company and tenants to operate our lodging properties successfully. Any negative publicity or other adverse developments that affect that operator and/or its affiliated brands generally may adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition, and consequently cash flows thereby impacting our ability to service debt, and to make distributions to our stockholders. There can be no assurance that our affiliate continues to manage any lodging properties we acquire.
We will rely on a third-party hotel management company to establish and maintain adequate internal controls over financial reporting at our lodging properties. In doing this, the property manager should have policies and procedures in place which allow it to effectively monitor and report to us the operating results of our lodging properties which ultimately are included in our consolidated financial statements. Because the operations of our lodging properties ultimately become a component of our consolidated financial statements, we evaluate the effectiveness of the internal controls over financial reporting at all our properties, including our lodging properties, in connection with the certifications we provide in our quarterly and annual reports on Form 10-Q and Form 10-K, respectively, pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. However, we will not control the design or implementation of or changes to internal controls at any of our lodging properties. Thus, even if we believe that our lodging properties are being operated without effective internal controls, we may not be able to require the third-party management company to change its internal control structure. This could require us to implement extensive and possibly inefficient controls at a parent level in an attempt to mitigate such deficiencies. If such controls are not effective, the accuracy of the results of our operations that we report could be affected. Accordingly, our ability to conclude that, as a company, our internal controls are effective is significantly dependent upon the effectiveness of internal controls that our third-party management company will implement at our lodging properties. It is possible that we could have a significant deficiency or material weakness as a result of the ineffectiveness of the internal controls at one or more of our lodging properties.
If we replace a third-party management company or tenant, we may be required by the terms of the relevant management agreement or lease to pay substantial termination fees, and we may experience significant disruptions at the affected lodging properties. We may not be able to make arrangements with a third-party management company or tenants with substantial prior lodging experience in the future. If we experience such disruptions, it may adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and our cash flows, including our ability to service debt and to make distributions to our stockholders.
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Industrial Industry Risks
Potential liability as the result of, and the cost of compliance with, environmental matters is greater if we invest in industrial properties or lease our properties to tenants that engage in industrial activities.
Under various federal, state and local environmental laws, ordinances and regulations, a current or previous owner or operator of real property may be liable for the cost of removal or remediation of hazardous or toxic substances on such property. Such laws often impose liability whether or not the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of such hazardous or toxic substances.
We may invest in properties historically used for industrial, manufacturing and commercial purposes. Some of these properties are more likely to contain, or may have contained, underground storage tanks for the storage of petroleum products and other hazardous or toxic substances. All of these operations create a potential for the release of petroleum products or other hazardous or toxic substances.
Leasing properties to tenants that engage in industrial, manufacturing and commercial activities will cause us to be subject to increased risk of liabilities under environmental laws and regulations. The presence of hazardous or toxic substances, or the failure to properly remediate these substances, may adversely affect our ability to sell, rent or pledge such property as collateral for future borrowings.
The demand for and profitability of our industrial properties may be adversely affected by fluctuations in manufacturing activity in the United States.
Our industrial properties may be adversely affected if manufacturing activity decreases in the United States. Trade agreements with foreign countries have given employers the option to utilize less expensive non-US manufacturing workers. The outsourcing of manufacturing functions could lower the demand for our industrial properties. Moreover, an increase in the cost of raw materials or decrease in the demand of housing could cause a slowdown in manufacturing activity, such as furniture, textiles, machinery and chemical products, and our profitability may be adversely affected.
Our portfolio may be negatively impacted by a high concentration of industrial tenants in a single industry.
If we invest in industrial properties, we may lease properties to tenants that engage in similar industrial, manufacturing and commercial activities. A high concentration of tenants in a specific industry would magnify the adverse impact that a downturn in such industry might otherwise have to our portfolio.
Risks Associated with Debt Financing and Investments
We may incur mortgage indebtedness and other borrowings, which may increase our business risks.
We expect that in most instances, we will acquire real properties by using either existing financing or borrowing new funds. In addition, we may incur mortgage debt and pledge all or some of our real properties as security for that debt to obtain funds to acquire additional real properties. We may borrow if we need funds to satisfy the REIT tax qualification requirement that we distribute at least 90% of our annual REIT taxable income to our stockholders. We also may borrow if we otherwise deem it necessary or advisable to assure that we maintain our qualification as a REIT.
Our advisor believes that utilizing borrowing is consistent with our investment objective of maximizing the return to investors. There is no limitation on the amount we may borrow against any single improved property. Under our charter, our borrowings may not exceed 300% of our total “net assets” (as defined by the NASAA REIT Guidelines) as of the date of any borrowing, which is generally expected to be approximately 75% of the cost of our investments; however, we may exceed that limit if approved by a majority of our independent directors and disclosed to stockholders in our next quarterly report following such borrowing along with justification for exceeding such limit. This charter limitation, however, does not apply to individual real estate assets or investments. In addition, it is our intention to limit our borrowings to 40% to 50% of the aggregate fair market value of our assets (calculated after the close of this offering and once we have invested substantially all the proceeds of this offering), unless excess borrowing is approved by a majority of the independent directors and disclosed to stockholders in our next quarterly report following such borrowing along with justification for such excess borrowing. This limitation, however, will not apply to individual real
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estate assets or investments. At the date of acquisition of each asset, we anticipate that that the cost of investment for such asset will be substantially similar to its fair market value, which will enable us to satisfy our requirements under the NASAA REIT Guidelines. However, subsequent events, including changes in the fair market value of our assets, could result in our exceeding these limits. We expect that during the period of this offering we will seek independent director approval of borrowings in excess of these limitations since we will then be in the process of raising our equity capital to acquire our portfolio. As a result, we expect that our debt levels will be higher until we have invested most of our capital.
If there is a shortfall between the cash flow from a property and the cash flow needed to service mortgage debt on a property, then the amount available for distributions to stockholders may be reduced. In addition, incurring mortgage debt increases the risk of loss since defaults on indebtedness secured by a property may result in lenders initiating foreclosure actions. In that case, we could lose the property securing the loan that is in default, thus reducing the value of your investment. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a foreclosure of any of our properties would be treated as a sale of the property for a purchase price equal to the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the mortgage. If the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the mortgage exceeds our tax basis in the property, we would recognize taxable income on foreclosure, but would not receive any cash proceeds. In such event, we may be unable to pay the amount of distributions required in order to maintain our REIT status. We may give full or partial guarantees to lenders of mortgage debt to the entities that own our properties. When we provide a guaranty on behalf of an entity that owns one of our properties, we will be responsible to the lender for satisfaction of the debt if it is not paid by such entity. If any mortgages contain cross-collateralization or cross-default provisions, a default on a single property could affect multiple properties. If any of our properties are foreclosed upon due to a default, our ability to pay cash distributions to our stockholders will be adversely affected which could result in our losing our REIT status and would result in a decrease in the value of your investment.
The current state of debt markets could have a material adverse impact on our earnings and financial condition.
The domestic and international commercial real estate debt markets are currently experiencing volatility as a result of certain factors including the tightening of underwriting standards by lenders and credit rating agencies. This is resulting in lenders increasing the cost for debt financing. Should the overall cost of borrowings increase, either by increases in the index rates or by increases in lender spreads, we will need to factor such increases into the economics of future acquisitions. This may result in future acquisitions generating lower overall economic returns and potentially reducing future cash flow available for distribution. If these disruptions in the debt markets persist, our ability to borrow monies to finance the purchase of, or other activities related to, real estate assets will be negatively impacted. If we are unable to borrow monies on terms and conditions that we find acceptable, we likely will have to reduce the number of properties we can purchase, and the return on the properties we do purchase may be lower. In addition, we may find it difficult, costly or impossible to refinance indebtedness which is maturing.
In addition, the state of the debt markets could have an impact on the overall amount of capital invested in real estate which may result in price or value decreases of real estate assets. This could negatively impact the current value of our existing assets.
High mortgage rates may make it difficult for us to finance or refinance properties, which could reduce the number of properties we can acquire and the amount of cash distributions we can make.
If we place mortgage debt on properties, we run the risk of being unable to refinance the properties when the loans come due, or of being unable to refinance on favorable terms. If interest rates are higher when the properties are refinanced, we may not be able to finance the properties and our income could be reduced. If any of these events occur, our cash flow would be reduced. This, in turn, would reduce cash available for distribution to you and may hinder our ability to raise more capital by issuing more stock or by borrowing more money.
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Lenders may require us to enter into restrictive covenants relating to our operations, which could limit our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
In connection with providing us financing, a lender could impose restrictions on us that affect our distribution and operating policies and our ability to incur additional debt. Loan documents we enter into may contain covenants that limit our ability to further mortgage the property, discontinue insurance coverage or replace New York Recovery Advisors, LLC as our advisor. These or other limitations may adversely affect our flexibility and our ability to achieve our investment and operating objectives.
Increases in interest rates could increase the amount of our debt payments and adversely affect our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders.
We expect that we will incur indebtedness in the future. To the extent that we incur variable rate debt, increases in interest rates would increase our interest costs, which could reduce our cash flows and our ability to pay distributions to you. In addition, if we need to repay existing debt during periods of rising interest rates, we could be required to liquidate one or more of our investments in properties at times that may not permit realization of the maximum return on such investments.
We have broad authority to incur debt, and high debt levels could hinder our ability to make distributions and could decrease the value of your investment.
Under our charter, our borrowings may not exceed 300% of our total “net assets” (as defined by the NASAA REIT Guidelines) as of the date of any borrowing, which is generally expected to be approximately 75% of the cost of our investments; however, we may exceed that limit if approved by a majority of our independent directors and disclosed to stockholders in our next quarterly report following such borrowing along with justification for exceeding such limit. This charter limitation, however, does not apply to individual real estate assets or investments. In addition, it is our intention to limit our aggregate borrowings to 40% to 50% of the fair market value of all of our assets (calculated after the close of this offering and once we have invested substantially all the proceeds of this offering), unless any excess borrowing is approved by a majority of our independent directors and disclosed to our stockholders in our next quarterly report, along with a justification for such excess borrowing. This limitation, however, will not apply to individual real estate assets or investments. At the date of acquisition of each asset, we anticipate that that the cost of investment for such asset will be substantially similar to its fair market value, which will enable us to satisfy our requirements under the NASAA REIT Guidelines. However, subsequent events, including changes in the fair market value of our assets, could result in our exceeding these limits. We expect that during the period of this offering we will seek independent director approval of borrowings in excess of these limitations since we will then be in the process of raising our equity capital to acquire our portfolio. As a result, we expect that our debt levels will be higher until we have invested most of our capital. High debt levels would cause us to incur higher interest charges, would result in higher debt service payments and could be accompanied by restrictive covenants. These factors could limit the amount of cash we have available to distribute and could result in a decline in the value of your investment.
We may invest in collateralized mortgage-backed securities, which may increase our exposure to credit and interest rate risk and the risks of the securitization process.
We may invest in collateralized mortgage-backed securities (CMBS), which may increase our exposure to credit and interest rate risk. We have not adopted, and do not expect to adopt, any formal policies or procedures designed to manage risks associated with our investments in CMBS. In this context, credit risk is the risk that borrowers will default on the mortgages underlying the CMBS. See the section entitled “Investment Strategy, Objectives and Policies — Acquisition and Investment Policies — Investing In and Originating Loans” in this prospectus.
Interest rate risk occurs as prevailing market interest rates change relative to the current yield on the CMBS. For example, when interest rates fall, borrowers are more likely to prepay their existing mortgages to take advantage of the lower cost of financing. As prepayments occur, principal is returned to the holders of the CMBS sooner than expected, thereby lowering the effective yield on the investment. On the other hand, when interest rates rise, borrowers are more likely to maintain their existing mortgages. As a result, prepayments decrease, thereby extending the average maturity of the mortgages underlying the CMBS.
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CMBS are also subject to several risks created through the securitization process. Subordinate CMBS are paid interest only to the extent that there are funds available to make payments. To the extent the collateral pool includes delinquent loans, there is a risk that the interest payment on subordinate CMBS will not be fully paid. Subordinate CMBS are also subject to greater credit risk than those CMBS that are more highly rated. If we are unable to manage these risks effectively, our results of operations, financial condition and ability to pay distributions to you will be adversely affected.
Any real estate debt security that we originate or purchase is subject to the risks of delinquency and foreclosure.
We may originate and purchase real estate debt securities, which are subject to risks of delinquency and foreclosure and risks of loss. Typically, we will not have recourse to the personal assets of our borrowers. The ability of a borrower to repay a real estate debt security secured by an income-producing property depends primarily upon the successful operation of the property, rather than upon the existence of independent income or assets of the borrower. If the net operating income of the property is reduced, the borrower’s ability to repay the real estate debt security may be impaired. A property’s net operating income can be affected by, among other things:
| • | increased costs, added costs imposed by franchisors for improvements or operating changes required, from time to time, under the franchise agreements; |
| • | property management decisions; |
| • | property location and condition; |
| • | competition from comparable types of properties; |
| • | changes in specific industry segments; |
| • | declines in regional or local real estate values, or occupancy rates; and |
| • | increases in interest rates, real estate tax rates and other operating expenses. |
We bear the risks of loss of principal to the extent of any deficiency between the value of the collateral and the principal and accrued interest of the real estate debt security, which could have a material adverse effect on our cash flow from operations and limit amounts available for distribution to you. In the event of the bankruptcy of a real estate debt security borrower, the real estate debt security to that borrower will be deemed to be collateralized only to the extent of the value of the underlying collateral at the time of bankruptcy (as determined by the bankruptcy court), and the lien securing the real estate debt security will be subject to the avoidance powers of the bankruptcy trustee or debtor-in-possession to the extent the lien is unenforceable under state law. Foreclosure of a real estate debt security can be an expensive and lengthy process that could have a substantial negative effect on our anticipated return on the foreclosed real estate debt security. We also may be forced to foreclose on certain properties, be unable to sell these properties and be forced to incur substantial expenses to improve operations at the property.
U.S. Federal Income Tax Risks
Our failure to qualify or remain qualified as a REIT would subject us to U.S. federal income tax and potentially state and local tax, and would adversely affect our operations and the market price of our common stock.
We believe that we have qualified to be taxed as a REIT commencing with our taxable year ending December 31, 2010. However, we may terminate our REIT qualification, if our board of directors determines that not qualifying as a REIT is in the best interests of our stockholders, or inadvertently. Our qualification as a REIT depends upon our satisfaction of certain asset, income, organizational, distribution, stockholder ownership and other requirements on a continuing basis. We intend to structure our activities in a manner designed to satisfy all the requirements for qualification as a REIT. However, the REIT qualification requirements are extremely complex and interpretation of the U.S. federal income tax laws governing qualification as a REIT is limited. Accordingly, we cannot be certain that we will be successful in operating so we can qualify or remain qualified as a REIT. Our ability to satisfy the asset tests depends on our analysis of
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the characterization and fair market values of our assets, some of which are not susceptible to a precise determination, and for which we will not obtain independent appraisals. Our compliance with the REIT income or quarterly asset requirements also depends on our ability to successfully manage the composition of our income and assets on an ongoing basis. Accordingly, if certain of our operations were to be recharacterized by the IRS, such recharacterization could jeopardize our ability to satisfy all the requirements for qualification as a REIT. Furthermore, future legislative, judicial or administrative changes to the U.S. federal income tax laws could be applied retroactively, which could result in our disqualification as a REIT.
If we fail to qualify as a REIT for any taxable year, and we do not qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our taxable income at corporate rates. In addition, we would generally be disqualified from treatment as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year of losing our REIT qualification. Losing our REIT qualification would reduce our net earnings available for investment or distribution to stockholders because of the additional tax liability. In addition, distributions to stockholders would no longer qualify for the dividends paid deduction, and we would no longer be required to make distributions. If this occurs, we might be required to borrow funds or liquidate some investments in order to pay the applicable tax.
Even REITs, in certain circumstances, may incur tax liabilities that would reduce our cash available for distribution to you.
Even if we qualify and maintain our status as a REIT, we may become subject to U.S. federal income taxes and related state and local taxes. For example, net income from the sale of properties that are “dealer” properties sold by a REIT (a “prohibited transaction” under the Internal Revenue Code) will be subject to a 100% tax. We may not make sufficient distributions to avoid excise taxes applicable to REITs. We also may decide to retain net capital gain we earn from the sale or other disposition of our property and pay income tax directly on such income. In that event, our stockholders would be treated as if they earned that income and paid the tax on it directly. However, stockholders that are tax-exempt, such as charities or qualified pension plans, would have no benefit from their deemed payment of such tax liability unless they file U.S. federal income tax returns and thereon seek a refund of such tax. We also may be subject to state and local taxes on our income or property, including franchise, payroll and transfer taxes, either directly or at the level of our Operating Partnership or at the level of the other companies through which we indirectly own our assets, such as our TRSs, which are subject to full U.S. federal, state, local and foreign corporate-level income taxes. Any taxes we pay directly or indirectly will reduce our cash available for distribution to you.
To qualify as a REIT we must meet annual distribution requirements, which may force us to forgo otherwise attractive opportunities or borrow funds during unfavorable market conditions. This could delay or hinder our ability to meet our investment objectives and reduce your overall return.
In order to qualify and maintain our status as a REIT, we must annually distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (which does not equal net income, as calculated in accordance with GAAP), determined without regard to the deduction for distributions paid and excluding net capital gain. We will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our undistributed taxable income and net capital gain and to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on any amount by which distributions we pay with respect to any calendar year are less than the sum of (i) 85% of our ordinary income, (ii) 95% of our capital gain net income and (iii) 100% of our undistributed income from prior years. These requirements could cause us to distribute amounts that otherwise would be spent on investments in real estate assets and it is possible that we might be required to borrow funds, possibly at unfavorable rates, or sell assets to fund these distributions. Although we intend to make distributions sufficient to meet the annual distribution requirements and to avoid U.S. federal income and excise taxes on our earnings while we qualify as a REIT, it is possible that we might not always be able to do so.
Certain of our business activities are potentially subject to the prohibited transaction tax, which could reduce the return on your investment.
For so long as we qualify as a REIT, our ability to dispose of property during the first few years following acquisition is restricted to a substantial extent as a result of our REIT qualification. Under applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code regarding prohibited transactions by REITs, while we
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qualify as a REIT, we will be subject to a 100% penalty tax on any gain recognized on the sale or other disposition of any property (other than foreclosure property) that we own, directly or through any subsidiary entity, including our operating partnership, but generally excluding our TRSs, that is deemed to be inventory or property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of trade or business. Whether property is inventory or otherwise held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business depends on the particular facts and circumstances surrounding each property. While we qualify as a REIT, we avoid the 100% prohibited transaction tax by (1) conducting activities that may otherwise be considered prohibited transactions through a TRS (but such TRS will incur income taxes), (2) conducting our operations in such a manner so that no sale or other disposition of an asset we own, directly or through any subsidiary, will be treated as a prohibited transaction or (3) structuring certain dispositions of our properties to comply with a prohibited transaction safe harbor available under the Code for properties held for at least two years. However, no assurance can be given that any particular property we own, directly or through any subsidiary entity, including our operating partnership, but generally excluding our TRSs, will not be treated as inventory or property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business.
Our TRSs are subject to corporate-level taxes and our dealings with our TRSs may be subject to 100% excise tax.
A REIT may own up to 100% of the stock of one or more TRS. Both the subsidiary and the REIT must jointly elect to treat the subsidiary as a TRS. A corporation of which a TRS directly or indirectly owns more than 35% of the voting power or value of the stock will automatically be treated as a TRS. Overall, no more than 25% of the value of a REIT’s assets may consist of stock or securities of one or more TRS.
A TRS may hold assets and earn income that would not be qualifying assets or income if held or earned directly by a REIT, including gross income from operations pursuant to management contracts. We must operate our “qualified lodging facilities” through one or more TRS that lease such properties from us. We may use our TRSs generally for other activities as well, such as to hold properties for sale in the ordinary course of business or to hold assets or conduct activities that we cannot conduct directly as a REIT. A TRS will be subject to applicable U.S. federal, state, local and foreign income tax on its taxable income. In addition, the rules also impose a 100% excise tax on certain transactions between a TRS and its parent REIT that are not conducted on an arm’s-length basis.
If our leases to our TRSs are not respected as true leases for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we would fail to qualify as a REIT.
To qualify as a REIT, we must satisfy two gross income tests, under which specified percentages of our gross income must be derived from certain sources, such as “rents from real property.” In order for such rent to qualify as “rents from real property” for purposes of the REIT gross income tests, the leases must be respected as true leases for U.S. federal income tax purposes and not be treated as service contracts, joint ventures or some other type of arrangement. If our leases are not respected as true leases for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we would fail to qualify as a REIT.
If our operating partnership failed to qualify as a partnership or is not otherwise disregarded for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we would cease to qualify as a REIT.
We intend to maintain the status of the operating partnership as a partnership or a disregarded entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes. However, if the IRS were to successfully challenge the status of the operating partnership as a partnership or disregarded entity for such purposes, it would be taxable as a corporation. In such event, this would reduce the amount of distributions that the operating partnership could make to us. This also would result in our failing to qualify as a REIT, and becoming subject to a corporate level tax on our income. This substantially would reduce our cash available to pay distributions and the yield on your investment. In addition, if any of the partnerships or limited liability companies through which the operating partnership owns its properties, in whole or in part, loses its characterization as a partnership and is otherwise not disregarded for U.S. federal income tax purposes, it would be subject to taxation as a corporation, thereby reducing distributions to the operating partnership. Such a recharacterization of an underlying property owner could also threaten our ability to maintain our REIT qualification.
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If our “qualified lodging facilities” are not properly leased to a TRS or the managers of such “qualified lodging facilities” do not qualify as “eligible independent contractors,” we could fail to qualify as a REIT.
In general, we cannot operate any lodging facilities and can only indirectly participate in the operation of “qualified lodging facilities” on an after-tax basis through leases of such properties to our TRSs. A “qualified lodging facility” is a hotel, motel, or other establishment in which more than one-half of the dwelling units are used on a transient basis at which or in connection with which wagering activities are not conducted. Rent paid by a lessee that is a “related party tenant” of ours will not be qualifying income for purposes of the two gross income tests applicable to REITs. A TRS that leases lodging facilities from us will not be treated as a “related party tenant” with respect to our lodging facilities that are managed by an independent management company, so long as the independent management company qualifies as an “eligible independent contractor.”
Each of the management companies that enters into a management contract with our TRSs must qualify as an “eligible independent contractor” under the REIT rules in order for the rent paid to us by our TRSs to be qualifying income for purposes of the REIT gross income tests. An “eligible independent contractor” is an independent contractor that, at the time such contractor enters into a management or other agreement with a TRS to operate a “qualified lodging facility,” is actively engaged in the trade or business of operating “qualified lodging facilities” for any person not related, as defined in the Internal Revenue Code, to us or the TRS. Among other requirements, in order to qualify as an independent contractor a manager must not own, directly or applying attribution provisions of the Code, more than 35% of our outstanding shares of stock (by value), and no person or group of persons can own more than 35% of our outstanding shares and 35% of the ownership interests of the manager (taking into account only owners of more than 5% of our shares and, with respect to ownership interest in such managers that are publicly traded, only holders of more than 5% of such ownership interests). The ownership attribution rules that apply for purposes of the 35% thresholds are complex. Although we intend to monitor ownership of our stock by our managers and their owners, there can be no assurance that these ownership levels will not be exceeded.
Our investments in certain debt instruments may cause us to recognize “phantom income” for U.S. federal income tax purposes even though no cash payments have been received on the debt instruments, and certain modifications of such debt by us could cause the modified debt to not qualify as a good REIT asset, thereby jeopardizing our REIT qualification.
Our taxable income may substantially exceed our net income as determined based on GAAP, or differences in timing between the recognition of taxable income and the actual receipt of cash may occur. For example, we may acquire assets, including debt securities requiring us to accrue original issue discount, or OID, or recognize market discount income, that generate taxable income in excess of economic income or in advance of the corresponding cash flow from the assets referred to as “phantom income.” In addition, if a borrower with respect to a particular debt instrument encounters financial difficulty rendering it unable to pay stated interest as due, we may nonetheless be required to continue to recognize the unpaid interest as taxable income with the effect that we will recognize income but will not have a corresponding amount of cash available for distribution to our stockholders.
As a result of the foregoing, we may generate less cash flow than taxable income in a particular year and find it difficult or impossible to meet the REIT distribution requirements in certain circumstances. In such circumstances, we may be required to (a) sell assets in adverse market conditions, (b) borrow on unfavorable terms, (c) distribute amounts that would otherwise be used for future acquisitions or used to repay debt, or (d) make a taxable distribution of our shares of common stock as part of a distribution in which stockholders may elect to receive shares of common stock or (subject to a limit measured as a percentage of the total distribution) cash, in order to comply with the REIT distribution requirements.
Moreover, we may acquire distressed debt investments that require subsequent modification by agreement with the borrower. If the amendments to the outstanding debt are “significant modifications” under the applicable Treasury Regulations, the modified debt may be considered to have been reissued to us in a debt-for-debt taxable exchange with the borrower. This deemed reissuance may prevent the modified debt from qualifying as a good REIT asset if the underlying security has declined in value and would cause us to recognize income to the extent the principal amount of the modified debt exceeds our adjusted tax basis in the unmodified debt.
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The failure of a mezzanine loan to qualify as a real estate asset would adversely affect our ability to qualify as a REIT.
In general, in order for a loan to be treated as a qualifying real estate asset producing qualifying income for purposes of the REIT asset and income tests, the loan must be secured by real property. We may acquire mezzanine loans that are not directly secured by real property but instead secured by equity interests in a partnership or limited liability company that directly or indirectly owns real property. In Revenue Procedure 2003-65, the IRS provided a safe harbor pursuant to which a mezzanine loan that is not secured by real estate would, if it meets each of the requirements contained in the Revenue Procedure, be treated by the IRS as a qualifying real estate asset. Although the Revenue Procedure provides a safe harbor on which taxpayers may rely, it does not prescribe rules of substantive tax law and in many cases it may not be possible for us to meet all the requirements of the safe harbor. We cannot provide assurance that any mezzanine loan in which we invest would be treated as a qualifying asset producing qualifying income for REIT qualification purposes. If any such loan fails either the REIT income or asset tests, we may be disqualified as a REIT.
We may choose to make distributions in our own stock, in which case you may be required to pay income taxes in excess of the cash dividends you receive.
In connection with our qualification as a REIT, we are required to annually distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (which does not equal net income, as calculated in accordance with GAAP), determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gain. In order to satisfy this requirement, we may distribute taxable dividends that are payable in cash and shares of our common stock at the election of each stockholder. Generally, under IRS Revenue Procedure 2010-12, up to 90% of any such taxable dividend with respect to the taxable years ending on or before December 31, 2011 could be payable in our common stock. Taxable stockholders receiving such dividends will be required to include the full amount of the dividend as ordinary income to the extent of our current or accumulated earnings and profits for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, U.S. stockholders may be required to pay income taxes with respect to such dividends in excess of the cash dividends received. Accordingly, U.S. stockholders receiving a distribution of our shares may be required to sell shares received in such distribution or may be required to sell other stock or assets owned by them, at a time that may be disadvantageous, in order to satisfy any tax imposed on such distribution. If a U.S. stockholder sells the stock that it receives as a dividend in order to pay this tax, the sales proceeds may be less than the amount included in income with respect to the dividend, depending on the market price of our stock at the time of the sale. Furthermore, with respect to certain non-U.S. stockholders, we may be required to withhold U.S. tax with respect to such dividends, including in respect of all or a portion of such dividend that is payable in stock, by withholding or disposing of part of the shares in such distribution and using the proceeds of such disposition to satisfy the withholding tax imposed. In addition, if a significant number of our stockholders determine to sell shares of our common stock in order to pay taxes owed on dividends, such sale may put downward pressure on the price of our common stock.
Further, while Revenue Procedure 2010-12 applies only to taxable dividends payable by us in a combination of cash and stock with respect to the taxable years ending on or before December 31, 2011, it is unclear whether and to what extent we will be able to pay taxable dividends in cash and stock in later years. Moreover, various tax aspects of such a taxable cash/stock dividend are uncertain and have not yet been addressed by the IRS. No assurance can be given that the IRS will not impose additional requirements in the future with respect to taxable cash/stock dividends, including on a retroactive basis, or assert that the requirements for such taxable cash/stock dividends have not been met.
Distributions that we make to our stockholders generally will be taxable as ordinary income.
Distributions that we make to our taxable stockholders out of current and accumulated earnings and profits (and not designated as capital gain dividends, or, for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2013, qualified dividend income) generally will be taxable as ordinary income. However, a portion of our distributions may (1) be designated by us as capital gain dividends generally taxable as long-term capital gain to the extent that they are attributable to net capital gain recognized by us, (2) be designated by us, for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2013, as qualified dividend income generally to the extent they are attributable to dividends we receive from our TRSs, or (3) constitute a return of capital generally to the extent
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that they exceed our accumulated earnings and profits as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes. A return of capital is not taxable, but has the effect of reducing the basis of a stockholder’s investment in our common stock.
Our stockholders may have tax liability on distributions that they elect to reinvest in common stock, but they would not receive the cash from such distributions to pay such tax liability.
If our stockholders participate in our distribution reinvestment program, they will be deemed to have received, and for U.S. federal income tax purposes will be taxed on, the amount reinvested in shares of our common stock to the extent the amount reinvested was not a tax-free return of capital. In addition, our stockholders will be treated for tax purposes as having received an additional distribution to the extent the shares are purchased at a discount to fair market value. As a result, unless a stockholder is a tax-exempt entity, it may have to use funds from other sources to pay its tax liability on the value of the shares of common stock received.
Dividends payable by REITs generally do not qualify for the reduced tax rates available for some dividends.
The maximum tax rate applicable to qualified dividend income payable to U.S. stockholders that are individuals, trusts and estates has been reduced by legislation to 15% for tax years beginning before January 1, 2013. Dividends payable by REITs, however, generally are not eligible for the reduced rates. Although this legislation does not adversely affect the taxation of REITs or dividends payable by REITs, the more favorable rates applicable to regular corporate qualified dividends could cause investors who are individuals, trusts and estates to perceive investments in REITs to be relatively less attractive than investments in the stocks of non-REIT corporations that pay dividends, which could adversely affect the value of the shares of REITs, including our common stock.
If we were considered to actually or constructively pay a “preferential dividend” to certain of our stockholders, our status as a REIT could be adversely affected.
In order to qualify as a REIT, we must annually distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (which does not equal net income, as calculated in accordance with GAAP), determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gain. In order for distributions to be counted as satisfying the annual distribution requirements for REITs, and to provide us with a REIT-level tax deduction, the distributions must not be “preferential dividends.” A dividend is not a preferential dividend if the distribution is pro rata among all outstanding shares of stock within a particular class, and in accordance with the preferences among different classes of stock as set forth in our organizational documents. Currently, there is uncertainty as to the IRS’s position regarding whether certain arrangements that REITs have with their stockholders could give rise to the inadvertent payment of a preferential dividend (e.g., the pricing methodology for stock purchased under a distribution reinvestment program inadvertently causing a greater than 5% discount on the price of such stock purchased). There is no de minimis exception with respect to preferential dividends; therefore, if the IRS were to take the position that we inadvertently paid a preferential dividend, we may be deemed to have failed the 90% distribution test, and our status as a REIT could be terminated for the year in which such determination is made if we were unable to cure such failure. While we believe that our operations have been structured in such a manner that we will not be treated as inadvertently paying preferential dividends, we can provide no assurance to this effect.
Complying with REIT requirements may limit our ability to hedge our liabilities effectively and may cause us to incur tax liabilities.
The REIT provisions of the Code may limit our ability to hedge our liabilities. Any income from a hedging transaction we enter into to manage risk of interest rate changes, price changes or currency fluctuations with respect to borrowings made or to be made to acquire or carry real estate assets, if properly identified under applicable Treasury Regulations, does not constitute “gross income” for purposes of the 75% or 95% gross income tests. To the extent that we enter into other types of hedging transactions, the income from those transactions will likely be treated as non-qualifying income for purposes of both of the gross income tests. As a result of these rules, we may need to limit our use of advantageous hedging techniques or implement those hedges through a TRS. This could increase the cost of our hedging activities
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because our TRSs would be subject to tax on gains or expose us to greater risks associated with changes in interest rates than we would otherwise want to bear. In addition, losses in a TRS generally will not provide any tax benefit, except for being carried forward against future taxable income of such TRS.
Complying with REIT requirements may force us to forgo and/or liquidate otherwise attractive investment opportunities.
To qualify as a REIT, we must ensure that we meet the REIT gross income tests annually and that at the end of each calendar quarter, at least 75% of the value of our assets consists of cash, cash items, government securities and qualified REIT real estate assets, including certain mortgage loans and certain kinds of mortgage-related securities. The remainder of our investment in securities (other than government securities and qualified real estate assets) generally cannot include more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer or more than 10% of the total value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer. In addition, in general, no more than 5% of the value of our assets (other than government securities and qualified real estate assets) can consist of the securities of any one issuer, and no more than 25% of the value of our total securities can be represented by securities of one or more TRS. If we fail to comply with these requirements at the end of any calendar quarter, we must correct the failure within 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter or qualify for certain statutory relief provisions to avoid losing our REIT qualification and suffering adverse tax consequences. As a result, we may be required to liquidate assets from our portfolio or not make otherwise attractive investments in order to maintain our qualification as a REIT. These actions could have the effect of reducing our income and amounts available for distribution to our stockholders.
The ability of our board of directors to revoke our REIT qualification without stockholder approval may subject us to U.S. federal income tax and reduce distributions to our stockholders.
Our charter provides that our board of directors may revoke or otherwise terminate our REIT election, without the approval of our stockholders, if it determines that it is no longer in our best interest to continue to qualify as a REIT. While we intend to elect and qualify to be taxed as a REIT, we may not elect to be treated as a REIT or may terminate our REIT election if we determine that qualifying as a REIT is no longer in the best interests of our stockholders. If we cease to be a REIT, we would become subject to U.S. federal income tax on our taxable income and would no longer be required to distribute most of our taxable income to our stockholders, which may have adverse consequences on our total return to our stockholders and on the market price of our common stock.
We may be subject to adverse legislative or regulatory tax changes that could increase our tax liability, reduce our operating flexibility and reduce the price of our common stock.
In recent years, numerous legislative, judicial and administrative changes have been made in the provisions of U.S. federal income tax laws applicable to investments similar to an investment in shares of our common stock. Additional changes to the tax laws are likely to continue to occur, and we cannot assure you that any such changes will not adversely affect the taxation of a stockholder. Any such changes could have an adverse effect on an investment in our shares or on the market value or the resale potential of our assets. You are urged to consult with your own tax advisor with respect to the impact of recent legislation on your investment in our shares and the status of legislative, regulatory or administrative developments and proposals and their potential effect on an investment in our shares. You also should note that our counsel’s tax opinion was based upon existing law, applicable as of the date of its opinion, all of which will be subject to change, either prospectively or retroactively.
Although REITs generally receive better tax treatment than entities taxed as regular corporations, it is possible that future legislation would result in a REIT having fewer tax advantages, and it could become more advantageous for a company that invests in real estate to elect to be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a corporation. As a result, our charter provides our board of directors with the power, under certain circumstances, to revoke or otherwise terminate our REIT election and cause us to be taxed as a regular corporation, without the vote of our stockholders. Our board of directors has fiduciary duties to us and our stockholders and could only cause such changes in our tax treatment if it determines in good faith that such changes are in the best interest of our stockholders.
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Non-U.S. stockholders will be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax and may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on distributions received from us and upon the disposition of our shares.
Subject to certain exceptions, distributions received from us will be treated as dividends of ordinary income to the extent of our current or accumulated earnings and profits. Such dividends ordinarily will be subject to U.S. withholding tax at a 30% rate, or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty, unless the distributions are treated as “effectively connected” with the conduct by the non-U.S. stockholder of a U.S. trade or business. Pursuant to the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980, or FIRPTA, capital gain distributions attributable to sales or exchanges of “U.S. real property interests,” or USRPIs, generally will be taxed to a non-U.S. stockholder as if such gain were effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business. However, a capital gain dividend will not be treated as effectively connected income if (a) the distribution is received with respect to a class of stock that is regularly traded on an established securities market located in the United States and (b) the non-U.S. stockholder does not own more than 5% of the class of our stock at any time during the one-year period ending on the date the distribution is received. We do not anticipate that our shares will be “regularly traded” on an established securities market for the foreseeable future, and therefore, this exception is not expected to apply.
Gain recognized by a non-U.S. stockholder upon the sale or exchange of our common stock generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxation unless such stock constitutes a USRPI under FIRPTA. Our common stock will not constitute a USRPI so long as we are a “domestically-controlled qualified investment entity.” A domestically-controlled qualified investment entity includes a REIT if at all times during a specified testing period, less than 50% in value of such REIT’s stock is held directly or indirectly by non-U.S. stockholders. We believe, but cannot assure you, that we will be a domestically-controlled qualified investment entity.
Even if we do not qualify as a domestically-controlled qualified investment entity at the time a non-U.S. stockholder sells or exchanges our common stock, gain arising from such a sale or exchange would not be subject to U.S. taxation under FIRPTA as a sale of a USRPI if (a) our common stock is “regularly traded,” as defined by applicable Treasury regulations, on an established securities market, and (b) such non-U.S. stockholder owned, actually and constructively, 5% or less of our common stock at any time during the five-year period ending on the date of the sale. However, it is not anticipated that our common stock will be “regularly traded” on an established market. We encourage you to consult your tax advisor to determine the tax consequences applicable to you if you are a non-U.S. stockholder.
Potential characterization of distributions or gain on sale may be treated as unrelated business taxable income to tax-exempt investors.
If (a) we are a “pension-held REIT,” (b) a tax-exempt stockholder has incurred debt to purchase or hold our common stock, or (c) a holder of common stock is a certain type of tax-exempt stockholder, dividends on, and gains recognized on the sale of, common stock by such tax-exempt stockholder may be subject to U.S. federal income tax as unrelated business taxable income under the Internal Revenue Code.
In order to avoid triggering additional taxes and/or penalties, if you intend to invest in our shares through pension or profit-sharing trusts or IRAs, you should consider additional factors.
Our management has attempted to structure us in such a manner that we will be an attractive investment vehicle for pension, profit-sharing, 401(k), Keogh and other qualified retirement plans and IRAs. However, in considering an investment in our shares, those involved with making such an investment decision should consider applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code and ERISA. While each of the ERISA and Internal Revenue Code issues discussed below may not apply to all such plans and IRAs, individuals involved with making investment decisions with respect to such plans and IRAs should carefully review the items described below, and determine their applicability to their situation. Any such prospective investors are required to consult their own legal and tax advisors on these matters.
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In general, individuals making investment decisions with respect to such plans and IRAs should, at a minimum, consider:
| • | whether the investment is in accordance with the documents and instruments governing such plan or IRA; |
| • | whether the investment satisfies the prudence and diversification and other fiduciary requirements of ERISA, if applicable; |
| • | whether the investment will result in UBTI to the plan or IRA (see the section entitled “Certain Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations — Taxation of U.S. Stockholders — Taxation of Tax-Exempt Stockholders” in this prospectus); |
| • | whether there is sufficient liquidity for the plan or IRA, considering the minimum and other distribution requirements under the Internal Revenue Code and the liquidity needs of such plan or IRA, after taking this investment into account; |
| • | the need to value the assets of the plan or IRA annually or more frequently; and |
| • | whether the investment would constitute or give rise to a prohibited transaction under ERISA or the Internal Revenue Code, if applicable. |
For a more complete discussion of the foregoing risks and other issues associated with an investment in shares by such plans or IRAs, please see the section entitled “Investment by Tax-Exempt Entities and ERISA Considerations” in this prospectus.
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ESTIMATED USE OF PROCEEDS
Depending primarily on the number of shares we sell in this offering, the amounts listed in the table below represent our current estimates concerning the use of the offering proceeds. Since these are estimates, they may not accurately reflect the actual receipt or application of the offering proceeds. The estimates assume that we sell the maximum number of 150.0 million shares in this offering at a price of $10.00 per share. We estimate that for each share sold in this offering, approximately $8.72 (assuming no shares available under our distribution reinvestment plan) will be available for the purchase of real estate. We will use the remainder of the offering proceeds to pay the costs of the offering, including selling commissions and the dealer manager fee, and to pay a fee to our advisor for its services in connection with the selection and acquisition of properties. We will not pay selling commissions or a dealer manager fee on shares sold under our distribution reinvestment plan.
Subject to limitations adopted by our board, we have discretion to purchase properties or make other real estate investments that relate to varying property types in various locations including office, retail, multifamily residential, industrial, and hotel. Assuming the maximum amount of the offering is raised, we currently estimate that approximately 70% of our assets will be, directly or indirectly, office or retail properties in New York City. If the minimum amount of the offering is raised we would expect that substantially all of our assets will be office or retail properties in New York City. We expect the size of individual properties that we purchase to vary significantly but most of the properties we acquire are likely to have a purchase price between $10 million and $500 million. Based on prevailing market conditions, our current expectation is that our initial investment portfolio will consist of between 80% to 100% commercial real estate, 0% to 10% real estate loans and 0% to 10% real estate securities. However, there is no assurance that upon the completion of this offering we will not allocate the proceeds from this offering in a different manner among our target assets. Our decisions will depend on prevailing market conditions and may change over time in response to opportunities available in different interest rate, economic and credit environments. Until we invest the net proceeds of this offering in real estate, we may invest in short-term, highly liquid or other authorized investments, such as money market mutual funds, certificates of deposit, commercial paper, interest-bearing government securities and other short-term investments. Such short-term investments will not earn as high of a return as we expect to earn on our real estate investments. See the section entitled “Investment Strategy, Objectives and Policies — Investment Limitations” in this prospectus for a more detailed discussion of the limitations of the assets we may acquire.
If we encounter delays in the selection, acquisition or development of income-producing properties, we may pay all or a substantial portion of our distributions from the proceeds of this offering or from borrowings in anticipation of future cash flow. We have not established any limit on the amount of proceeds from this offering that may be used to fund distributions, except that, in accordance with our organizational documents and Maryland law, we may not make distributions that would: (1) cause us to be unable to pay our debts as they become due in the usual course of business; (2) cause our total assets to be less than the sum of our total liabilities plus senior liquidation preferences, if any; or (3) jeopardize our ability to qualify as a REIT.
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The table does not give effect to special sales or volume discounts which could reduce selling commissions and many of the figures represent management’s best estimate because they cannot be precisely calculated at this time.
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| | Maximum Offering (Not Including Distribution Reinvestment Plan) |
| | Amount | | Percent |
Gross offering proceeds | | $ | 1,500,000,000 | | | | 100.0 | % |
Less offering expenses:
| | | | | | | | |
Selling commissions and dealer manager fee(1) | | $ | 150,000,000 | | | | 10.0 | |
Organization and offering expenses(2) | | $ | 22,500,000 | | | | 1.5 | |
Amount available for investment(3) | | $ | 1,327,500,000 | | | | 88.5 | % |
Acquisition:(4)
| | | | | | | | |
Acquisition and advisory fees(5) | | $ | 13,275,000 | | | | 0.9 | |
Acquisition expenses(6) | | $ | 6,637,500 | | | | 0.4 | |
Amount invested in properties(7) | | $ | 1,307,587,500 | | | | 87.2 | % |
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| (1) | Includes selling commissions equal to 7% of aggregate gross offering proceeds and a dealer manager fee equal to 3% of aggregate gross offering proceeds, both of which are payable to the dealer manager, our affiliate. We will not pay any selling commissions or a dealer manager fee on sales of shares under our distribution reinvestment plan. Realty Capital Securities, LLC, our broker dealer, in its sole discretion, intends to reallow selling commissions of up to 7% of aggregate gross offering proceeds to unaffiliated broker-dealers participating in this offering attributable to the amount of shares sold by them. In addition, our dealer manager may reallow all or a portion of its dealer manager fee to participating dealers in the aggregate amount of up to 3% of gross offering proceeds to be paid to such participating dealers as marketing fees, based upon such factors as the volume of sales of such participating dealers, the level of marketing support provided by such participating dealers and the assistance of such participating dealers in marketing the offering, or to reimburse representatives of such participating dealers for the costs and expenses of attending our educational conferences and seminars. The amount of selling commissions may often be reduced under certain circumstances for volume discounts. Realty Capital Securities, LLC anticipates, based on its past experience, that, on average, it will reallow 1% of the dealer manager fee to participating broker-dealers. See the section entitled “Plan of Distribution” in this prospectus for a description of such provisions. |
| (2) | Organization and offering expenses include all expenses (other than selling commissions and the dealer manager fee) to be paid by us in connection with the offering, including our legal, accounting, printing, mailing and filing fees, charges of our escrow holder, due diligence expense reimbursements to participating broker-dealers and amounts to reimburse New York Recovery Advisors, LLC for its portion of the salaries of the employees of its affiliates who provide services to our advisor and other costs in connection with administrative oversight of the offering and marketing process and preparing supplemental sales materials, holding educational conferences and attending retail seminars conducted by broker-dealers. Our advisor will not be reimbursed for the direct payment of such organization and offering expenses that exceed 1.5% of the aggregate gross proceeds of this offering over the life of the offering, which may include reimbursements to our advisor for other organization and offering expenses up to 0.5% for third-party due diligence fees included in a detailed and itemized invoice. Third-party due diligence fees may include fees for reviewing financial statements, offering documents, organizational documents, agreements and marketing materials, analysis of SEC and FINRA correspondence, and interviews with management. |
| (3) | Until required in connection with the acquisition and/or development of properties, substantially all of the net proceeds of the offering and, thereafter, any working capital reserves we may have, may be invested in short-term, highly-liquid investments, including government obligations, bank certificates of deposit, short-term debt obligations and interest-bearing accounts. |
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| (4) | Working capital reserves will be maintained at the property level and typically are utilized for extraordinary expenses that are not covered by revenue generation of the property, such as tenant improvements, leasing commissions and major capital expenditures. Alternatively, a lender party may require its own formula for escrow of working capital reserves. |
| (5) | Acquisition and advisory fees are defined generally as fees and commissions paid by any party to any person in connection with identifying, reviewing, evaluating, investing in and the purchase of properties. We will pay to New York Recovery Advisors, LLC, our advisors, acquisition and advisory fees up to a maximum amount of 1.0% of the contract purchase price of each property acquired (including our pro rata share of debt attributable to such property) and up to 1.0% of the amount advanced for a loan or other investment (including our pro rata share of debt attributable to such investment). Assuming that we incur leverage up to 50% of the aggregate fair market value of our assets, as set forth in our investment guidelines, the maximum acquisition fees would be $26,550,000. Assuming we incur leverage up to 300% of our total “net assets” (as defined by the NASAA REIT Guidelines) as of the date of any borrowing, which is generally expected to be approximately 75% of the cost of our investments, the maximum acquisition fees would be $53,100,000. |
| (6) | Acquisition expenses include legal fees and expenses, travel and communications expenses, costs of appraisals, accounting fees and expenses, title insurance premiums and other closing costs and miscellaneous expenses relating to the selection, evaluation and acquisition of real estate properties, whether or not acquired. For purposes of this table, we have assumed expenses of 0.5% of the purchase price of each property (including our pro rata share of debt attributable to such property) and 0.5% of the amount advanced for a loan or other investment (including our pro rate share of debt attributable to such investment); however, expenses on a particular acquisition may be higher. Acquisition fees and expenses for any particular property will not exceed 4.5% of the contract purchase price of each property (including our pro rata share of debt attributable to such property) or 4.5% of the amount advanced for a loan or other investment (including our pro rata share of debt attributable to such investment). Assuming that we incur leverage up to 50% of the aggregate fair market value of our assets, as set forth in our investment guidelines, the maximum acquisition expenses would be $13,275,000. Assuming we incur leverage up to 300% of our total “net assets” (as defined by the NASAA REIT Guidelines) as of the date of any borrowing, which is generally expected to be approximately 75% of the cost of our investments, the maximum acquisition expenses would be $26,550,000. |
| (7) | Includes amounts anticipated to be invested in properties net of fees, expenses and initial working capital reserves. |
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MARKET OVERVIEW
Overview
We are focused on helping our shareholders take advantage of a unique window of opportunity to participate in the expected recovery of the New York City real estate market. Our investment goals are as follows:
| • | New York City Focus — Acquire high-quality commercial real estate in the New York MSA, and, in particular, properties located in New York City; |
| • | Stabilized Office and Retail Properties — Buy primarily stabilized office and retail properties with 80% or greater occupancy at the time of purchase; |
| • | Discount to Replacement Cost — Purchase properties valued using current market rents at a substantial discount to replacement cost and with significant potential for appreciation; |
| • | Low Leverage — Finance our portfolio opportunistically at a target leverage level of not more than 40% to 50% loan-to-value (calculated after the close of this offering and once we have invested substantially all the proceeds of this offering); |
| • | Diversified Tenant Mix — Lease to a diversified group of tenants with a bias toward lease terms of five years or greater; |
| • | Monthly Distributions — Pay distributions monthly, covered by funds from operations; |
| • | 5-Year Exit — Exit after New York property markets recover, which we expect to be not later than five years after the end of this offering; |
| • | Maximize Total Returns — Maximize total returns to our shareholders through a combination of realized appreciation and current income. |
This unique window of opportunity we perceive has been created by a confluence of events in the economy and the capital markets. As the economy and the capital markets normalize, we expect that there will be a “v”-shaped recovery, propelling the growth of New York City’s property values.
The rate of job losses in New York City has slowed, and we have begun to see employment in New York City increase again. As employment recovers, we believe the demand for office space and the willingness of employed workers to spend also will rebound. However, the supply of office and retail space in New York City is limited, and little new supply is being added to inventory. Present vacancy trends are well above historical norms. As supply and demand approach a new equilibrium, we expect that effective rents, which have fallen as much as 40%, will begin to rise along with occupancy. Moreover, as capitalization rates fall, regressing to the mean, we believe that property valuations will increase. Those buildings purchased at high average cap rates based on current market rents and with vacancy should benefit appreciably as they are leased up and cap rates settle into a more normal range. This is the crux of our strategy.
Our real estate team is led by seasoned professionals who have acquired over $20 billion of real estate and real estate-related assets and who have institutional experience investing through various real estate cycles. Each of our chief executive officer, president, chief investment officer and chief operating officer has more than 20 years of real estate experience. In addition, our chief financial officer has nine years of real estate experience and our secretary has six years of real estate experience. We believe a number of factors differentiate us from other non-traded REITs, including our geographic focus, our lack of legacy issues, our opportunistic buy and sell strategy and our institutional management team.
Acquisition Environment
We believe our opportunistic investment strategy is well suited for the current real estate environment. Many owners of real estate are facing increasing pressure as vacancy rates increase, rents decline, and loans secured by their real estate come due. As the loans mature, many owners of commercial real estate are having difficulty refinancing the debt on their properties. In the United States there is approximately $3.5 trillion of commercial real estate debt and more than $1.4 trillion of this commercial real estate debt is scheduled to mature between 2009 and 2013. We believe that, in many cases, owners will sell properties to help repay
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existing debt that is maturing. We also believe many owners who do not sell properties to help repay maturing loans may still seek well capitalized joint venture partners. In addition, many lenders are expected to sell real estate loans or owned real estate on which they have foreclosed. CMBS debt accounts for approximately 20% of all commercial real estate debt outstanding in the United States.
New York City Office Market Overview
New York City has been called the “financial capital of the world”. Even though Manhattan is an island with less than 23 square miles of land, it is also one of the largest real estate markets in the United States. For example, the New York City office market contains nearly 400 million square feet of office space, which is more than the office space in the central business districts of Chicago, Boston, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Philadelphia, Dallas, Atlanta, and Denver combined. Even just the Midtown Manhattan office submarket, between 34th Street and 59th Street, contains more than 200 million square feet in an area that is less than three square miles and holds more office space than any other single city in the country. We intend to focus our efforts on acquiring high quality real estate from distressed sellers in this Midtown Manhattan submarket.
Employment Trends
In our view, employment is a key driver of real estate demand, especially demand for office space. New York City lost 176,000 jobs from April 2008 until December 2009. This compares to approximately 150,000 jobs lost in the 1990 – 1991 recession and approximately 140,000 jobs lost in the 2001 – 2002 recession. However, New York City has gained 103,700 jobs from December 2009 through October 2011, resulting in a net job loss of approximately 72,300 jobs since the cycle of job losses began in April 2008. As of October 2011, the unemployment rate in New York City was 8.8%, approximately the same as the unemployment rate for the overall U.S. economy.
NYC Employment Trends
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Sources: US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Cushman & Wakefield Research
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New Supply Trends
We believe that one of the most attractive characteristics of the New York City real estate market is that new supply is limited. In fact, the actual inventory of office space in New York City has declined since 1992 due to the loss of the World Trade Center and a significant number of conversions of office buildings into residential buildings. While the inventory of existing office space has declined in New York City since 1992, total jobs in New York City have increased more than 10% since 1992 even after factoring in recent job losses.
Many real estate markets across the country are potentially vulnerable to both large increases in supply and large decreases in demand. According to Cushman & Wakefield, New York City actually faces a potential supply shortage over the long term. In the three decades from 1960 to 1990, the new supply of office space in New York City averaged more than 5.5 million square feet per year. However, since 1990, the new supply of office space in New York City has averaged less than 2 million square feet per year.
Manhattan Office Market
Existing Office Space
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Source: Cushman & Wakefield Research
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Vacancy Trends
The current vacancy rate in the New York City office market is approximately 9.3%, up from the 5.3% vacancy rate in mid-2007 when vacancy rates began to rise in the New York City office market. This recent recession is the first time in almost 15 years that the vacancy rate reached as high as 11.6%. The vacancy rate peaked at approximately 18% after the 1990 – 1991 downturn and at approximately 12% after the 2000 – 2001 downturn. Cushman & Wakefield estimates that the average vacancy rate in New York City over the long term is 6 – 8%.
Manhattan Office Market
Vacancy Rate
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Source: Cushman & Wakefield Research
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Rental Rate Trends
Rental rate trends typically follow vacancy trends but with a lag. In this most recent recession, asking rents in the New York City office market declined by over 26% since they peaked in the third quarter of 2008. However, “net effective rents”, which we believe to be a better measure of true economic rents, fell by more than 40%. Net effective rents are the asking rents adjusted for free rent and other monetary concessions given by the landlord to tenants. As real estate markets recover, we believe the typical pattern is to see an improvement in occupancy followed by a recovery in net effective rents followed by a rebound in asking rents.
Manhattan Office Market
Asking Rents
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Source: Cushman & Wakefield Research
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Cap Rate Trends
After many years of falling cap rates (i.e., higher real estate prices) for commercial real estate, we believe cap rates are rising again so buyers of real estate are able to pay lower relative prices and thereby achieve higher initial yields. According to Cushman & Wakefield, the average cap rate on Midtown Manhattan Class A office properties sold in the five year period from 2004 – 2008 was less than 5% (the average was 3.55% in 2007) but the average cap rate on buildings sold in the five-year period from 1999 – 2003 was approximately 7.5%. The phrase “Class A office properties” generally refers to the highest quality office properties locally available that are either new or in new condition. Class A office properties are generally the most modern buildings with the highest quality construction (using structural steel and composite concrete construction) and possess high-quality building infrastructure. Class A buildings also are well-located, have good access, attract high quality tenants and are professionally managed. There is no quantitative formula by which buildings can be placed into classes since such determinations tend to involve judgment, in part. We currently expect primarily to target acquisitions that will provide initial cap rates of 6 – 8%, with potential for both increased cash flows and asset appreciation due to both lease-up and cap rate “compression.”
Midtown Class A Cap Rates
Weighted Overall Cap Rates
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Source: Cushman & Wakefield Research
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Investment Considerations
We believe a number of factors differentiate us from other non-traded REITs, including:
| • | Geographic Focus: We have intentionally targeted New York City because we believe it is a large supply-constrained market that is well suited for our opportunistic investment strategy at this stage in the real estate cycle. Further, we believe our geographic focus allows us to take advantage our local market expertise. In our view, real estate is essentially a local market business. We live and work in our market and believe our local expertise and relationships will make us more effective at identifying opportunities, managing our portfolio, financing our portfolio, and selling our portfolio. |
| • | Opportunistic Buy and Sell Strategy: We are focused on helping our investors take advantage of what we believe will be a cyclical window of opportunity to invest in New York City real estate and do not intend to pursue an indefinite buy and hold strategy. We intend to acquire high-quality properties at a discount to replacement cost, increase the cash flow at the properties, and sell the properties, typically within three to five years after acquisition through asset sales, a company sale, or a public listing. Our charter contains a requirement that we will seek a liquidity event for our shareholders by the fifth anniversary of the termination of this offering, unless extended by a majority of the board of directors and a majority of the independent directors. |
| • | No Legacy Issues: Unlike many existing real estate companies, we only own one property, purchased on June 22, 2010, and we are not burdened by problems with previously acquired properties. In addition, our shareholders are not being asked to invest money into previously acquired real estate that is not performing as originally expected. |
| • | Experienced Management Team: The six executives of our advisor have acquired over $20 billion of real estate and real estate-related assets and each of our chief executive officer, president, chief investment officer and chief operating officer has more than 20 years of real estate experience. |
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MANAGEMENT
General
We operate under the direction of our board of directors, the members of which are accountable to us and our stockholders as fiduciaries. The board is responsible for the overall management and control of our affairs. The board has retained New York Recovery Advisors, LLC to manage our day-to-day affairs and the acquisition and disposition of our investments, subject to the board’s supervision. As described in greater detail under section entitled “— The Advisor” below, our advisor will be responsible for making investment decisions subject to the approval of our board of directors.
Our charter has been reviewed and ratified by at least a majority of our board of directors, including the independent directors. This ratification by our board of directors is required by the NASAA REIT Guidelines.
Our charter and by-laws provide that the number of our directors may be established by a majority of the entire board of directors but may not be fewer than three nor more than ten,provided, however, that there may be fewer than three directors at any time that we have only one stockholder of record. We have a total of five directors, including three independent directors. An “independent director” is defined in accordance with article IV of our charter and complies with Section I.B. 14 of the NASAA REIT Guidelines. Section I.B. 14 of the NASAA REIT Guidelines provides that an “independent director” is one who is not associated and has not been associated within the last two years, directly or indirectly, with our sponsor or advisor. A director is deemed to be associated with our sponsor or advisor if he or she: (a) owns an interest in our sponsor, advisor or any of their affiliates; (b) is employed by our sponsor, advisor or any of their affiliates; (c) is an officer or director of the sponsor, advisor or any of their affiliates; (d) performs services, other than as a director, for us; (e) is a director for more than three REITs organized by our sponsor or advised by our advisor; or (f) has any material business or professional relationship with our sponsor, advisor or any of their affiliates. A business or professional relationship is considered materialper se if the gross revenue derived by the director from our sponsor and our advisor and affiliates exceeds 5% of the director’s (i) annual gross revenue, derived from all sources, during either of the last two years, or (ii) net worth, on a fair market value basis. An indirect relationship includes circumstances in which a director’s spouse, parents, children, siblings, mothers- or fathers-in-law, sons- or daughters-in-law, or brothers- or sisters-in-law, is or has been associated with our sponsor, advisor, any of their affiliates or us.
Our charter provides that, after we commence this offering, a majority of the directors must be independent directors except for a period of up to 60 days after the death, resignation or removal of an independent director. There are no family relationships among any of our directors or officers, or officers of our advisor. Each director must have at least three years of relevant experience demonstrating the knowledge and experience required to successfully acquire and manage the type of assets being acquired by us. Currently, each of our directors has substantially in excess of three years of relevant real estate experience. At least one of the independent directors must have at least three years of relevant real estate experience and at least one of our independent directors must be a financial expert with at least three years of financial experience.
During the discussion of a proposed transaction, independent directors may offer ideas for ways in which transactions may be structured to offer the greatest value to us, and our management will take these suggestions into consideration when structuring transactions. Each director will serve until the next annual meeting of stockholders or until his or her successor is duly elected and qualifies. Although the number of directors may be increased or decreased, a decrease will not have the effect of shortening the term of any incumbent director.
Any director may resign at any time and may be removed with or without cause by the stockholders upon the affirmative vote of at least a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast at a meeting properly called for the purpose of the proposed removal. The notice of the meeting will indicate that the purpose, or one of the purposes, of the meeting is to determine if the director shall be removed. Neither our advisor, any member of our board of directors nor any of their affiliates may vote or consent on matters submitted to the stockholders regarding the removal of our advisor or any director or any of their affiliates or any transaction between us and any of them after we accept any subscriptions for the purchase of shares in this offering. In
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determining the requisite percentage in interest required to approve such a matter after we accept any subscriptions for the purchase of shares in this offering, any shares owned by such persons will not be included.
Any vacancy created by an increase in the number of directors or the death, resignation, removal, adjudicated incompetence or other incapacity of a director may be filled only by a vote of a majority of the remaining directors. Independent directors shall nominate replacements for vacancies in the independent director positions. If at any time there are no directors in office, successor directors shall be elected by the stockholders. Each director will be bound by the charter and the by-laws.
The directors are not required to devote all of their time to our business and are only required to devote the time to our affairs as their duties require. The directors meet quarterly or more frequently if necessary. Our directors are not required to devote a substantial portion of their time to discharge their duties as our directors. Consequently, in the exercise of their responsibilities, the directors heavily rely on our advisor. Our directors must maintain their fiduciary duty to us and our stockholders and supervise the relationship between us and our advisor. The board is empowered to fix the compensation of all officers that it selects and approve the payment of compensation to directors for services rendered to us in any other capacity.
Our board of directors has established policies on investments and borrowing, the general terms of which are set forth in this prospectus. The directors may establish further policies on investments and borrowings and monitor our administrative procedures, investment operations and performance to ensure that the policies are fulfilled and are in the best interest of our stockholders.
The independent directors are responsible for reviewing our fees and expenses on at least an annual basis and with sufficient frequency to determine that the expenses incurred are reasonable in light of our investment performance, our net assets, our net income and the fees and expenses of other comparable unaffiliated REITs. In addition, a majority of the directors, including a majority of the independent directors, who are not otherwise interested in the transaction must determine that any transaction with New York Recovery Advisors, LLC or its affiliates is fair and reasonable to us. The independent directors also are responsible for reviewing the performance of New York Recovery Advisors, LLC and determining that the compensation to be paid to New York Recovery Advisors, LLC is reasonable in relation to the nature and quality of services to be performed and that the provisions of the advisory agreement are being carried out. Specifically, the independent directors consider factors such as:
| • | the amount of the fees paid to New York Recovery Advisors, LLC or its affiliates in relation to the size, composition and performance of our investments; |
| • | the success of New York Recovery Advisors, LLC in generating appropriate investment opportunities; |
| • | rates charged to other REITs, especially REITs of similar structure, and other investors by advisors performing similar services; |
| • | additional revenues realized by New York Recovery Advisors, LLC and its affiliates through their relationship with us, whether we pay them or they are paid by others with whom we do business; |
| • | the quality and extent of service and advice furnished by New York Recovery Advisors, LLC and the performance of our investment portfolio; and |
| • | the quality of our portfolio relative to the investments generated by New York Recovery Advisors, LLC or its affiliates for its other clients. |
Neither our advisor nor any of its affiliates nor any director may vote or consent to the voting of shares of our common stock they now own or hereafter acquire on matters submitted to the stockholders regarding either (1) the removal of such director or New York Recovery Advisors, LLC as our advisor, or (2) any transaction between us and New York Recovery Advisors, LLC, such director or any of their respective affiliates. In determining the requisite percentage in interest of shares necessary to approve a matter on which a director, our advisor or any of their respective affiliates may not vote or consent, any shares owned by such director, our advisor or any of their respective affiliates will not be included.
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Committees of the Board of Directors
Our entire board of directors considers all major decisions concerning our business, including property acquisitions. However, our charter and by-laws provide that our board may establish such committees as the board believes appropriate. The board will appoint the members of the committee in the board’s discretion. Our charter and by-laws require that a majority of the members of each committee of our board is to be comprised of independent directors.
Audit Committee
Our board of directors has established an audit committee, which consists of our three independent directors. The audit committee, by approval of at least a majority of the members, selects the independent registered public accounting firm to audit our annual financial statements, reviews with the independent registered public accounting firm the plans and results of the audit engagement, approves the audit and non-audit services provided by the independent registered public accounting firm, reviews the independence of the independent registered public accounting firm, considers the range of audit and non-audit fees and reviews the adequacy of our internal accounting controls. One of our independent directors, Mr. William G. Stanley, qualifies as an audit committee financial expert. Our board of directors has adopted a charter for the audit committee that sets forth its specific functions and responsibilities.
Executive Officers and Directors
We have provided below certain information about our executive officers and directors.
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Name | | Age | | Position(s) |
Nicholas S. Schorsch | | 50 | | Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer |
William M. Kahane | | 63 | | President, Treasurer and Director |
Michael A. Happel | | 48 | | Executive Vice President and Chief Investment Officer |
Peter M. Budko | | 51 | | Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer |
Brian S. Block | | 39 | | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |
Edward M. Weil, Jr. | | 44 | | Executive Vice President and Secretary |
Scott J. Bowman | | 54 | | Independent Director |
William G. Stanley | | 56 | | Independent Director |
Robert H. Burns | | 82 | | Independent Director |
Nicholas S. Schorsch has served as the chairman of the board and chief executive officer of our company since our formation in October 2009. He has been active in the structuring and financial management of commercial real estate investments for over 20 years. Mr. Schorsch also has been the chief executive officer of our advisor and our property manager since their formation in November 2009. In addition, Mr. Schorsch also has been the chairman of the board and chief executive officer of ARCT and chief executive officer of the ARCT property manager and the ARCT advisor since their formation in August 2007, chairman of the board and chief executive officer of ARC HT since its formation in August 2010 and chief executive officer of the ARC HT advisor and the ARC property manager since their formation in August 2010, chairman of the board and chief executive officer of ARC RCA since its formation in July 2010 and chief executive officer of the ARC RCA advisor since its formation in May 2010. Mr. Schorsch also has been the chief executive officer of American Realty Capital II Advisors, LLC since its formation in December 2009. Mr. Schorsch has also been the chairman of the board and chief executive officer of ARC Daily NAV and chief executive officer of the ARC Daily NAV advisor since their formation in September 2010. Mr. Schorsch has also served as president and director of ARC — Northcliffe Income Properties, Inc., or ARC — Northcliffe, and the chief executive officer of the ARC — Northcliffe advisor since their formation in September 2010 until their termination in October 2011. Mr. Schorsch has been the chairman and chief executive officer of ARCT III and the chief executive officer of the advisor and property manager of ARCT III since their formation in October 2010. Mr. Schorsch also has been the chairman and chief executive officer of ARCP since its formation in December 2010, and chairman and chief executive officer of its advisor since its formation in November 2010. Mr. Schorsch has also been the chairman of the board and chief executive officer of ARC Global DNAV and chief executive officer of the ARC Global DNAV advisor since their formation in July 2011. Mr. Schorsch also has been the interested director and chief executive officer of Business Development Corporation of America, or BDCA, since its formation in May 2010.
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From September 2006 to July 2007, Mr. Schorsch was chief executive officer of an affiliate, American Realty Capital, a real estate investment firm. Mr. Schorsch founded and formerly served as president, chief executive officer and vice-chairman of American Financial Realty Trust (AFRT) since its inception as a REIT in September 2002 until August 2006. AFRT was a publicly traded REIT (which was listed on the NYSE within one year of its inception) that invested exclusively in offices, operation centers, bank branches, and other operating real estate assets that are net leased to tenants in the financial service industry, such as banks and insurance companies. Through American Financial Resource Group (AFRG) and its successor corporation, now AFRT, Mr. Schorsch executed in excess of 1,000 acquisitions, both in acquiring businesses and real estate property with an aggregate purchase price of acquired properties of approximately $5 billion. In 2003, Mr. Schorsch received an Entrepreneur of the Year award from Ernst & Young. From 1995 to September 2002, Mr. Schorsch served as chief executive officer and president of AFRG, AFRT’s predecessor, a private equity firm founded for the purpose of acquiring operating companies and other assets in a number of industries. Prior to AFRG, Mr. Schorsch served as president of a non-ferrous metal product manufacturing business, Thermal Reduction. From approximately 1990 until the sale of his interests in Thermal Reduction in1994, Mr. Schorsch was involved in purchasing and leasing several commercial real estate properties in connection with the growth of Thermal Reduction’s business. He successfully built the business through mergers and acquisitions and ultimately sold his interests to Corrpro (NYSE) in 1994. Mr. Schorsch attended Drexel University. We believe that Mr. Schorsch’s current experience as chairman and chief executive officer of ARCT, ARC HT, ARC RCA, ARC Daily NAV, ARCT III and ARCP, and his experience as president and a director of ARC — Northcliffe, his previous experience as president, chief executive officer and vice chairman of AFRT, and his significant real estate acquisition experience make him well qualified to serve as our chairman of the board.
William M. Kahane has served as president, treasurer and director of our company since our formation in October 2009. He has been active in the structuring and financial management of commercial real estate investments for over 35 years. Mr. Kahane has served as a member of the investment committee of Aetos Capital Asia Advisors, a $3 billion series of opportunistic funds focusing on assets primarily in Japan and China, since 2008. Mr. Kahane also is president, chief operating officer and treasurer of our property manager and our advisor since their formation in November 2009. Mr. Kahane also is the president, chief operating officer, treasurer and director of ARCT and president, chief operating officer and treasurer of the ARCT property manager and the ARCT advisor since their formation in August 2007. Mr. Kahane is also the president, chief operating officer and director of ARC HT since its formation in August 2010 and is the president, chief operating officer and treasurer of the ARC HT advisor and property manager since their formation in August 2010, and the president, chief operating officer and a director of ARC RCA since its formation in July 2010 and president, chief operating officer and treasurer of the ARC RCA advisor since its formation in May 2010. Mr. Kahane also has been a director of Phillips Edison — ARC Shopping Center REIT, Inc., or PE-ARC, and the president, chief operating officer and treasurer of the PE-ARC advisor since their formation in December 2009. Mr. Kahane has been president, chief operating officer and treasurer of American Realty Capital II Advisors, LLC since its formation in December 2009. Mr. Kahane has also been the president, chief operating officer, treasurer and director of ARC Daily NAV and president, chief operating officer, and treasurer of the ARC Daily NAV advisor since their formation in September 2010. Mr. Kahane also served as chief operating officer of ARC — Northcliffe and president, chief operating officer, and treasurer of the ARC — Northcliffe advisor since their formation in September 2010 until their termination in October 2011. Mr. Kahane has been the president, chief operating officer and treasurer of ARCT III since its formation in October 2010. Mr. Kahane has been the president and treasurer of the advisor and property manager for ARCT III since their formation in October 2010. Mr. Kahane also has been the president, chief operating officer and a director of ARCP since its formation in December 2010 and president and chief operating officer of its advisor since its formation in November 2010. Mr. Kahane also is the president, chief operating officer, treasurer and director of ARC Global DNAV and president, chief operating officer and treasurer of the ARC Global DNAV advisor since their formation in July 2011. Mr. Kahane also has been the interested director and chief operating officer of BDCA since its formation in May 2010.
Mr. Kahane began his career as a real estate lawyer practicing in the public and private sectors from 1974 – 1979. From 1981 – 1992, Mr. Kahane worked at Morgan Stanley & Co., specializing in real estate, becoming a managing director in 1989. In 1992, Mr. Kahane left Morgan Stanley to establish a real estate
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advisory and asset sales business known as Milestone Partners which continues to operate and of which Mr. Kahane is currently the chairman. Mr. Kahane worked very closely with Mr. Schorsch while a trustee at AFRT (April 2003 to August 2006), during which time Mr. Kahane served as chairman of the finance committee of AFRT’s board of trustees. Mr. Kahane has been a managing director of GF Capital Management & Advisors LLC, a New York-based merchant banking firm, where he has directed the firm’s real estate investments since 2001. GF Capital offers comprehensive wealth management services through its subsidiary TAG Associates LLC, a leading multi-client family office and portfolio management services company with approximately $5 billion of assets under management. Mr. Kahane also was on the board of directors of Catellus Development Corp., a NYSE growth-oriented real estate development company, where he served as chairman. Mr. Kahane received a B.A. from Occidental College, a J.D. from the University of California, Los Angeles Law School and an MBA from Stanford University’s Graduate School of Business. We believe that Mr. Kahane’s current experience as president, chief operating officer and treasurer of ARCT, ARC Daily NAV and ARCT III, president and treasurer of NYRR and president and chief operating officer of ARC RCA and ARCP, his prior experience as chairman of the board of Catellus Development Corp. and his significant investment banking experience in real estate make him well qualified to serve as a member of our board of directors.
Michael A. Happel has served as executive vice president, chief investment officer and as an observer to the board of directors of our company since our formation in October 2009. Mr. Happel has over 20 years of experience investing in real estate, including office, retail, multifamily, industrial, and hotel properties, as well as real estate companies. Mr. Happel also is executive vice president and chief investment officer of our property manager and our advisor since their formation in November 2009. From 1988 to 2002, he worked at Morgan Stanley & Co., specializing in real estate and becoming co-head of acquisitions for the Morgan Stanley Real Estate Funds, or MSREF, in 1994. While at MSREF, he was involved in acquiring over $10 billion of real estate and related assets in MSREF I and MSREF II. As stated in a report prepared by Wurts & Associates for the Fresno County Employees’ Retirement Association for the period ending September 30, 2008, MSREF I generated approximately a 48% gross IRR for investors and MSREF II generated approximately a 27% gross IRR for investors. In 2002, Mr. Happel left Morgan Stanley & Co. to join Westbrook Partners, a large real estate private equity firm with over $5 billion of real estate assets under management at the time. From October 2004 to May 2009, he served Atticus Capital, a multi-billion dollar hedge fund, as the head of real estate with responsibility for investing primarily in REITs and other publicly traded real estate securities. Mr. Happel received a B.A. in economics from Duke University and a J.D. from Harvard Law School.
Peter M. Budko has served as executive vice president and chief operating officer of our company since our formation in October 2009. He also is executive vice president of our property manager and our advisor since their formation in November 2009. Mr. Budko also is executive vice president and chief investment officer of ARCT, the ARCT property manager, the ARCT advisor and our dealer manager since their formation in August 2007. Mr. Budko has also been the executive vice president of ARC HT since its formation in August 2010 and the executive vice president of the ARC HT advisor and ARC HT property manager since their formation in August 2010, executive vice president and chief investment officer of ARC RCA since its formation in July 2010 and executive vice president of the ARC RCA advisor since its formation in May 2010. Mr. Budko also has been the chief investment officer of BDCA since its formation in May 2010. Mr. Budko also has served as executive vice president and chief investment officer of ARC Daily NAV, its advisor and its property manager since their formation in September 2010. Budko has served as executive vice president and chief investment officer of ARCT III since its formation in October 2010. Mr. Budko has served as executive vice president and chief investment officer of the advisor and property manager for ARCT III since their formation in October 2010. Mr. Budko also has been executive vice president and chief investment officer of ARCP since its formation in December 2010 and executive vice president and chief investment officer of its advisor since its formation in November 2010. Mr. Budko has also been the executive vice president and chief investment officer of ARC Global DNAV and executive vice president of the ARC Global DNAV advisor since their formation in July 2011. From January 2007 to July 2007, Mr. Budko was chief operating officer of an affiliated American Realty Capital real estate investment firm. Mr. Budko founded and formerly served as managing director and group head of the Structured Asset Finance Group, a division of Wachovia Capital Markets, LLC from February 1997 – January 2006. The Wachovia Structured Asset Finance
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Group structured and invested in real estate that is net leased to corporate tenants. While at Wachovia, Mr. Budko acquired over $5 billion of net leased real estate assets. From 1987 – 1997, Mr. Budko worked in the Corporate Real Estate Finance Group at NationsBank Capital Markets (predecessor to Bank of America Securities), becoming head of the group in 1990. Mr. Budko received a B.A. in Physics from the University of North Carolina.
Brian S. Block has served as executive vice president and chief financial officer of our company since our formation in October 2009. He also is executive vice president and chief financial officer of our advisor and property manager since their formation in November 2009. Mr. Block also is executive vice president and chief financial officer of ARCT, the ARCT advisor and the ARCT property manager since their formation in September 2007. Mr. Block also has been the executive vice president and chief financial officer of ARC HT since its formation in August 2010 and executive vice president and chief financial officer of the ARC HT advisor and the ARC HT property manager since their formation in August 2010. Mr. Block also has been executive vice president and chief financial officer of ARC RCA since its formation in July 2010 and the ARC RCA advisor since its formation in May 2010. Mr. Block also has been the executive vice president and chief financial officer of American Realty Capital II Advisors, LLC since its formation in December 2009. Mr. Block has also been executive vice president and chief financial officer of ARC Daily NAV since its formation in September 2010 and executive vice president and chief financial officer of ARC — Northcliffe since its formation in September 2010 until its termination in October 2011. Mr. Block has served as executive vice president and chief financial officer of ARCT III since its formation in October 2010. Mr. Block has served as executive vice president and chief financial officer of the advisor and property manager for ARCT III since their formation in October 2010. Mr. Block also has been executive vice president and chief financial officer of ARCP since its formation in December 2010 and executive vice president and chief financial officer of its advisor since its formation in November 2010. Mr. Block also has been executive vice president and chief financial officer of ARC Global DNAV and executive vice president and chief financial officer of the Global DNAV advisor since their formation in July 2011. Mr. Block also has been the chief financial officer of BDCA since its formation in May 2010. Mr. Block is responsible for the accounting, finance and reporting functions at the American Realty Capital group of companies. He has extensive experience in SEC reporting requirements, as well as REIT tax compliance matters. Mr. Block has been instrumental in developing the American Realty Capital group of companies’ infrastructure and positioning the organization for growth. Mr. Block began his career in public accounting at Ernst & Young and Arthur Andersen from 1994 to 2000. Subsequently, Mr. Block was the chief financial officer of a venture capital-backed technology company for several years prior to joining AFRT in 2002. While at AFRT, Mr. Block served as senior vice president and chief accounting officer and oversaw the financial, administrative and reporting functions of the organization. Mr. Block discontinued working for AFRT in August 2007. He is a certified public accountant and is a member of the AICPA and PICPA. Mr. Block serves on the REIT Committee of the Investment Program Association. Mr. Block received a B.S. from Albright College and an M.B.A. from La Salle University.
Edward M. Weil, Jr. has served as executive vice president and secretary of our company since our formation in October 2009. He also is executive vice president and secretary of our advisor and property manager since their formation in November 2009. Mr. Weil has been the chief executive officer of Realty Capital Securities, LLC, our dealer manager, since December 2010. Mr. Weil also has been executive vice president and secretary of ARCT and executive vice president of the ARCT advisor and the ARCT property manager since their formation in August 2007, executive vice president and secretary of ARC HT since its formation in August 2010 and executive vice president and secretary of the ARC HT advisor and the ARC HT property manager since their formation in August 2010. Mr. Weil also has been executive vice president and secretary of ARC RCA since its formation in July 2010 and executive vice president and secretary of the ARC RCA advisor since its formation in May 2010. Mr. Weil also has served as executive vice president and secretary of ARC Daily NAV, its advisor and its property manager since their formation in September 2010. Mr. Weil has served as executive vice president and secretary of ARCT III since its formation in October 2010. Mr. Weil has served as executive vice president and secretary of the advisor and property manager for ARCT III since their formation in October 2010. Mr. Weil also has been executive vice president and secretary of ARCP since its formation in December 2010 and executive vice president and secretary of its advisor since its formation in November 2010. Mr. Weil also has served as executive vice president and
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secretary of ARC Global DNAV and its advisor since their formation in July 2011. Mr. Weil also has been the executive vice president of American Realty Capital II Advisors, LLC since its formation in December 2009. From October 2006 to May 2007, Mr. Weil was managing director of Milestone Partners Limited. He was formerly the senior vice president of sales and leasing for AFRT (as well as for its predecessor, AFRG) from April 2004 to October 2006, where he was responsible for the disposition and leasing activity for a 33 million square-foot portfolio of properties. Under the direction of Mr. Weil, his department was the sole contributor in the increase of occupancy and portfolio revenue through the sales of over 200 properties and the leasing of over 2.2 million square feet, averaging 325,000 square feet of newly executed leases per quarter. From July 1987 to April 2004, Mr. Weil was president of Plymouth Pump & Systems Co. Mr. Weil attended George Washington University. Mr. Weil holds FINRA Series 7, 63 and 24 licenses.
Scott J. Bowman was appointed as an independent director of our company in August 2011. Mr. Bowman was also appointed as an independent director of ARC Daily NAV in August 2011. Mr. Bowman has over 20 years of experience in global brand and retail management in addition to retail store development. Mr. Bowman founded Scott Bowman Associates in May 2009 and has served as its Chief Executive Officer since such time. Scott Bowman Associates provides global management, business development, retail market and network strategies, licensing, strategic planning and international strategy and operations support to leading retailers and consumer brands. From May 2005 until September 2008, Mr. Bowman served as President of Polo Ralph Lauren International Business Development where he was also a member of the Executive Committee and Capital Committees. From June 2007 until September 2008, Mr. Bowman served as Chairman of Polo Ralph Lauren Japan. During his time with Polo Ralph Lauren, Mr. Bowman led the effort to transform the company’s business in Asia from a licensed structure to a direct, integrated subsidiary of Polo Ralph Lauren. The transformation included upgraded merchandising, marketing, store development processes, restructuring remaining partnership agreements as well as leading the effort to buy back control of key operating territories in Asia. From 2003 to 2005, Mr. Bowman served as Founder and Chief Executive Officer of Scott Bowman Associates International Retail Consultancy. From May 1998 until January 2003, Mr. Bowman served as an Executive Officer of two subsidiaries of LVMH Moet Hennessy Louis Vuitton. From February 2001 until January 2003, Mr. Bowman served as the Chief Executive Officer of Marc Jacobs Int’l. From May 1998 until January 2001, he was the Region President of Duty Free Shoppers. Mr. Bowman has been the Chairman of the Board of Colin Cowie Enterprises, a multi-platform digital events and lifestyle company, since its formation in March 2011. He was also a member of the boards of directors of Stewart Weitzman from February 2009 until April 2010 and The Health Back, a specialty and e-commerce retailer, from May 2004 until September 2007. Mr. Bowman received his B.A. from the State University of New York at Albany. We believe that Mr. Bowman’s extensive experience in global brand and retail management and retail store development make him well qualified to serve as a member of our board of directors.
William G. Stanley was appointed as an independent director of our company in October 2009. Mr. Stanley has been an independent director of ARCT since January 2008 and an independent director of ARC RCA since February 2011. Mr. Stanley also serves as an independent director of BDCA, an American Realty Capital-sponsored specialty finance company, since January 2011. Mr. Stanley is a member of the audit committee of our board of directors and a member of the audit committee of the boards of directors of ARCT and ARC RCA. Mr. Stanley is the founder and managing member of Stanley Laman Securities, LLC (SLS), a FINRA member broker-dealer, since 2004, and the founder and president of The Stanley-Laman Group, Ltd (SLG), a registered investment advisor for high net worth clients since 1997. SLG has built a multi-member staff which critically and extensively studies the research of the world’s leading economists and technical analysts to support its tactical approach to portfolio management. Over its history, SLG and SLS have assembled an array of intellectual property in the investment, estate, tax and business planning arena. Mr. Stanley has earned designations as a Chartered Financial Consultant, Chartered Life Underwriter, and received his Master of Science in Financial Services from the American College in 1997. Mr. Stanley holds FINRA Series 7, 63 and 24 licenses. We believe that Mr. Stanley’s significant background in the finance and investment management industry and his service on the board of directors of other public companies in the past makes him well qualified to serve as a member of our board of directors.
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Robert H. Burns was appointed as an independent director of our company in October 2009. He has also been an independent director of ARCT and ARCT III since January 2008 and January 2011, respectively. Burns is a hotel industry veteran with an international reputation and over 30 years of hotel, real estate, food and beverage and retail experience. Mr. Burns founded and built the luxurious Regent International Hotels brand, which he sold in 1992. From 1970 to 1992, Mr. Burns served as chairman and chief executive officer of Regent International Hotels, where he was personally involved in all strategic and major operating decisions. In this connection, Mr. Burns and his team of professionals performed site selection, obtained land use and zoning approvals, performed all property due diligence, financed each project by raising both equity and arranging debt, oversaw planning, design and construction of each hotel property, and managed each asset. Each Regent hotel typically contained a significant food and beverage element and high-end retail component, frequently including luxury goods such as clothing, jewelry, as well as retail shops. In fact, Mr. Burns is extremely familiar with the retail landscape as his flagship hotel in Hong Kong was part of a mixed-use complex anchored by a major enclosed shopping center connected to the Regent Hong Kong. Thus, Mr. Burns has over forty (40) years as a manager and principal acquiring, financing, developing and operating properties. Mr. Burns opened the first Regent hotel in Honolulu, Hawaii, in 1970. From 1970 to 1979, the company opened and managed a number of prominent hotels, but gained truly international recognition in 1980 with the opening of The Regent Hong Kong, which brought a new dimension in amenities and service to hotels in the city and attracted attention throughout the world. It was in this way that the hotel innovatively combined the Eastern standard of service excellence with the Western standard of luxurious spaces. In all, Mr. Burns developed over 18 major hotel projects including the Four Seasons Hotel in New York City, the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills, the Four Seasons Hotel in Milan, Italy, and the Four Seasons Hotel in Bali, Indonesia.
Mr. Burns currently serves as chairman of Barings’ Chrysalis Emerging Markets Fund (since 1991) and as a director of Barings’ Asia Pacific Fund (since 1986). Additionally, he is a member of the executive committee of the board of directors of Jazz at Lincoln Center in New York City (since 2000), and chairs the Robert H. Burns Foundation which he founded in 1992 and which funds the education of Asian students at American schools. Mr. Burns frequently lectures at Stanford Business School. Mr. Burns was chairman and co-founder of the World Travel and Tourism Council (1994 to 1996), a forum for business leaders in the travel and tourism industry. With Chief Executives of some one hundred of the world’s leading travel and tourism companies as its members, the World Travel and Tourism Council has a unique mandate and overview on all matters related to travel and tourism. He served as a faculty member at the University of Hawaii (1963 to 1994) and as president of the Hawaii Hotel Association (1968 to 1970). Mr. Burns began his career in Sheraton’s Executive Training Program in 1958, and advanced rapidly within Sheraton and then within Westin Hotels (1962 to 1963). He later spent eight years with Hilton International Hotels (1963 to 1970). Mr. Burns graduated from the School of Hotel Management at Michigan State University (1958), and the University of Michigan’s Graduate School of Business (1960), after serving three years in the U.S. Army in Korea. For the past five years Mr. Burns has devoted his time to owning and operating Villa Feltrinelli on Lago di Garda, in Northern Italy, a small, luxury hotel, and working on developing hotel projects in Asia, focusing on Vietnam and China. We believe that Mr. Burns’ experience as a real estate developer for over 40 years, during which he developed over 18 major hotel projects, make him well qualified to serve as a member of our board of directors.
Compensation of Directors
We pay to each of our independent directors a retainer of $30,000 per year, plus $2,000 for each board or board committee meeting the director attends in person ($2,500 for attendance by the chairperson of the audit committee at each meeting of the audit committee) and $1,500 for each meeting the director attends by telephone. If there is a meeting of the board and one or more committees in a single day, the fees will be limited to $2,500 per day ($3,000 for the chairperson of the audit committee if there is a meeting of such committee). Our board of directors also may approve the acquisition of real property and other related investments valued at $10,000,000 or less via electronic board meetings whereby the directors cast their votes in favor or against a proposed acquisition via email. The independent directors are entitled to receive $750 for each transaction reviewed and voted upon with a maximum of $2,250 for three or more transactions reviewed and voted upon per meeting.
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In addition, we have reserved 500,000 shares of common stock for future issuance upon the exercise of stock options that may be granted to our independent directors pursuant to our stock option plan (described below). Such stock options will have an exercise price equal to $10.00 per share during such time as we are offering shares to the public at $10.00 per share and thereafter at 100% of the then-current fair market value per share. The total number of options granted will not exceed 10% of the total outstanding shares of common stock at the time of grant. To date, no shares have been issued under our stock option plan and we currently do not expect to grant any stock options.
Additionally, our employee and director incentive restricted share plan, adopted on September 22, 2010, provides for the automatic grant of 3,000 restricted shares of common stock to each of our independent directors, without any further action by our board of directors or the stockholders, on the date of each annual stockholders’ meeting. Each independent director is also granted 3,000 restricted shares of common stock on the date of initial election to the board. Each of our then-serving independent directors received a grant of 3,000 restricted shares of common stock on the date of the 2011 annual stockholders’ meeting, and Scott J. Bowman received a grant of 3,000 restricted shares of common stock upon his election to the board on August 3, 2011. All directors receive reimbursement of reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with attendance at meetings of our board of directors. If a director also is an employee of American Realty Capital New York Recovery REIT, Inc. or New York Recovery Advisors, LLC or their affiliates, we do not pay compensation for services rendered as a director.
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Name | | Fees Earned or Paid in Cash ($) | | Option Awards ($) | | Restricted Shares |
Independent Directors(1) | | $30,000 yearly retainer; $2,000 for all meetings personally attended by the directors and $1,500 for each meeting attended via telephone; $750 per transaction reviewed and voted upon via electronic board meeting up to a maximum of $2,250 for three or more transactions reviewed and voted upon per meeting.(2) | | 500,000 shares of common stock reserved for future issuance upon the exercise of stock options that may be granted to independent directors pursuant to stock option plan. Such stock options will have an exercise price equal to $10.00 per share during such time as we are offering shares to the public at $10.00 per share and thereafter at 100% of the then-current fair market value per share. The total number of options granted will not exceed 10% of the total outstanding shares of common stock at the time of grant. To date, we have not granted any stock option awards to our independent directors. | | Pursuant to our restricted share plan adopted in September 2010, each independent director will receive an automatic grant of 3,000 restricted shares on the date of each annual stockholders’ meeting. Each independent director is also granted 3,000 restricted shares of common stock on the date of initial election to the board. We granted each of our then-serving independent directors 3,000 restricted shares of common stock on the date of the 2011 annual stockholders’ meeting, and Scott J. Bowman received a grant of 3,000 restricted shares of common stock upon his election to the board on August 3, 2011. The restricted shares vest over a five year period following the grant date in increments of 20% per annum. |
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| (1) | An independent director who is also an audit committee chairperson will receive an additional $500 for personal attendance at all audit committee meetings. |
| (2) | If there is a board meeting and one or more committee meetings in one day, the director’s fees shall not exceed $2,500 ($3,000 for the chairperson of the audit committee, if there is a meeting of such committee). |
Restricted Share Plan
We have adopted an employee and director incentive restricted share plan to:
| • | furnish incentives to individuals chosen to receive restricted shares because they are considered capable of improving our operations and increasing profits; |
| • | encourage selected persons to accept or continue employment with our advisor and its affiliates; and |
| • | increase the interest of our employees, officers and directors in our welfare through their participation in the growth in the value of our common shares. |
Our employee and director incentive restricted share plan will be administered by the compensation committee of our board of directors or, if no such committee exists, the board of directors. The compensation committee, as appointed by our board of directors, will have the full authority: (1) to administer and interpret the employee and director incentive restricted share plan; (2) to determine the eligibility of directors, officers and employees (if we ever have employees), employees of our advisor and its affiliates, employees of entities that provide services to us, directors of the advisor or of entities that provide services to us, certain of our consultants and certain consultants to our advisor or its affiliates or to entities that provide services to us, to receive an award; (3) to determine the number of shares of common stock to be covered by each award; (4) to determine the terms, provisions and conditions of each award (which may not be inconsistent with the terms of the employee and director incentive restricted share plan); (5) to make determinations of the fair market value of shares; (6) to waive any provision, condition or limitation set forth in an award agreement; (7) to delegate its duties under the employee and director incentive restricted share plan to such agents as it may appoint from time to time; and (8) to make all other determinations, perform all other acts and exercise all other powers and authority necessary or advisable for administering the employee and director incentive restricted share plan, including the delegation of those ministerial acts and responsibilities as the compensation committee deems appropriate. From and after the consummation of this offering, the compensation committee will consist solely of non-executive directors, each of whom is intended to be, to the extent required by Rule 16b-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, a non-employee director and will, at such times as we are subject to Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code, qualify as an outside director for purposes of Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code. The total number of common shares that may be issued under the employee and director incentive restricted share plan will not exceed 5.0% of our outstanding shares on a fully diluted basis at any time, and in any event will not exceed 7,500,000 shares (as such number may be adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, combinations and similar events).
Our restricted share plan provides for the automatic grant of 3,000 restricted shares of common stock to each of our independent directors, without any further action by our board of directors or the stockholders, on the date of each annual stockholders’ meeting. Restricted stock issued to independent directors will vest over a five-year period following the first anniversary of the date of grant in increments of 20% per annum.
Restricted share awards entitle the recipient to common shares from us under terms that provide for vesting over a specified period of time or upon attainment of pre-established performance objectives. Such awards would typically be forfeited with respect to the unvested shares upon the termination of the recipient’s employment or other relationship with us. Restricted shares may not, in general, be sold or otherwise transferred until restrictions are removed and the shares have vested. Holders of restricted shares may receive cash dividends prior to the time that the restrictions on the restricted shares have lapsed. Any dividends payable in common shares shall be subject to the same restrictions as the underlying restricted shares.
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Stock Option Plan
We have adopted a stock option plan to provide incentive compensation to attract and retain qualified directors, officers, advisors, consultants and other personnel, including our advisor, property manager and affiliates, as well as personnel of our advisor, property manager and affiliates, and any joint venture affiliates of ours. Our stock option plan will be administered by the compensation committee of our board of directors or, if no such committee exists, the board of directors. The compensation committee, as appointed by our board of directors, will have the full authority: (1) to administer and interpret the stock option plan; (2) to authorize the granting of awards; (3) to determine the eligibility of directors, officers, advisors, consultants and other personnel, including our advisor, property manager and affiliates, as well as personnel of our advisor, property manager and affiliates, and any joint venture affiliates of ours, to receive an award; (4) to determine the number of shares of common stock to be covered by each award (subject to the individual participant limitations provided in the stock option plan); (5) to determine the terms, provisions and conditions of each award (which may not be inconsistent with the terms of the stock option plan); (6) to prescribe the form of instruments evidencing such awards; and (7) to take any other actions and make all other determinations that it deems necessary or appropriate in connection with the stock option plan or the administration or interpretation thereof; however, neither the compensation committee nor the board of directors may take any action under our stock option plan that would result in a repricing of any stock option without having first obtained the affirmative vote of our stockholders. In connection with this authority, the compensation committee may, among other things, establish performance goals that must be met in order for awards to be granted or to vest, or for the restrictions on any such awards to lapse. The total number of shares that may be made subject to awards under our stock option plan initially will be 500,000 (as such number may be adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, combinations and similar events). We may not issue options or warrants to purchase shares to our advisor, our directors or any of their affiliates except on the same terms as such options or warrants, if any, are sold to the general public. Further, the amount of the options or warrants issued to our advisor, our directors or any of their affiliates cannot exceed an amount equal to 10% of outstanding shares on the date of grant of the warrants and options. See the section entitled “Investment Strategy, Objectives and Policies — Investment Limitations” in this prospectus for a description of limitations imposed by our charter on our ability to issue stock options and warrants under our stock option plan.
If any vested awards under the stock option plan are paid or otherwise settled without the issuance of common stock, or any shares of common stock are surrendered to or withheld by us as payment of all or part of the exercise price of an award and/or withholding taxes in respect of an award, the shares that were subject to such award will not be available for re-issuance under the stock option plan. If any awards under the stock option plan are cancelled, forfeited or otherwise terminated without the issuance of shares of common stock (except as described in the immediately preceding sentence), the shares that were subject to such award will be available for re-issuance under the stock option plan. Shares issued under the stock option plan may be authorized but unissued shares or shares that have been reacquired by us. If the compensation committee determines that any dividend or other distribution (whether in the form of cash, common stock or other property), recapitalization, stock split, reverse split, reorganization, merger, consolidation, spin-off, combination, repurchase, share exchange or other similar corporate transaction or event affects the common stock such that an adjustment is appropriate in order to prevent dilution or enlargement of the rights of participants under the stock option plan, then the compensation committee will make equitable changes or adjustments to any of or all the following: (i) the number and kind of shares of stock or other property (including cash) that may thereafter be issued in connection with awards; (ii) the number and kind of shares of stock or other property (including cash) issued or issuable in respect of outstanding awards; (iii) the exercise price, base price or purchase price relating to any award; and (iv) the performance goals, if any, applicable to outstanding awards. In addition, the compensation committee may determine that any such equitable adjustment may be accomplished by making a payment to the award holder, in the form of cash or other property (including but not limited to shares of stock). Awards under the stock option plan are intended to either be exempt from, or comply with, Section 409A of the Code.
Unless otherwise determined by the compensation committee and set forth in an individual award agreement, upon termination of an award recipient’s services to us, any then unvested awards will be cancelled and forfeited without consideration. Upon a change in control of us (as defined under the stock option plan), any award that was not previously vested will become fully vested and/or payable, and any
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performance conditions imposed with respect to the award will be deemed to be fully achieved;provided, that with respect to an award that is subject to Section 409A of the Code, a change in control of us must constitute a “change of control” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code.
Compliance with the American Jobs Creation Act
As part of our strategy for compensating our independent directors, we intend to issue stock options under our stock option plan on the same terms as such options are sold to the general public and we have issued, and we intend to issue, restricted share awards under our employee and director incentive restricted share plan, each of which is described above. Stock options issued will not exceed an amount equal to 10% of the outstanding shares of our company on the date of a grant of an option. This method of compensating individuals may possibly be considered to be a “nonqualified deferred compensation plan” under Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code.
Under Section 409A, “nonqualified deferred compensation plans” must meet certain requirements regarding the timing of distributions or payments and the timing of agreements or elections to defer payments, and must also prohibit any possibility of acceleration of distributions or payments, as well as certain other requirements. The guidance under Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code provides that there is no deferral of compensation merely because the value of property (received in connection with the performance of services) is not includible in income by reason of the property being substantially nonvested (as defined in Section 83 of the Internal Revenue Code). Accordingly, it is intended that the restricted share awards will not be considered “nonqualified deferred compensation.”
If Section 409A applies to any of the awards issued under either plan described above, or if Section 409A applies to any other arrangement or agreement that we may make, and if such award, arrangement or agreement does not meet the timing and other requirements of Section 409A, then (i) all amounts deferred for all taxable years under the award, arrangement or agreement would be currently includible in the gross income of the recipient of such award or of such deferred amount to the extent not subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture and not previously included in the gross income of the recipient, (ii) interest at the underpayment rate plus 1% would be imposed on the underpayments that would have occurred had the compensation been includible in income when first deferred (or, if later, when not subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture) would be imposed upon the recipient and (iii) a 20% additional tax would be imposed on the recipient with respect to the amounts required to be included in the recipient’s income. Furthermore, if the affected individual is our employee, we would be required to withhold U.S. federal income taxes on the amount deferred but includible in income due to Section 409A, although there may be no funds currently being paid to the individual from which we could withhold such taxes. We would also be required to report on an appropriate form (W-2 or 1099) amounts which are deferred, whether or not they meet the requirements of Section 409A, and if we fail to do so, penalties could apply.
We do not intend to issue any award, or enter into any agreement or arrangement that would be considered a “nonqualified deferred compensation plan” under Section 409A, unless such award, agreement or arrangement complies with the timing and other requirements of Section 409A. It is our current belief, based upon the statute, the regulations issued under Section 409A and legislative history, that the stock options we currently intend to grant and the restricted share awards we have granted and that we currently intend to grant will not be subject to taxation under Section 409A because neither such stock options nor such restricted share awards will be considered a “nonqualified deferred compensation plan.” Nonetheless, there can be no assurances that any stock options or restricted share awards which we have granted or which hereafter may be granted will not be affected by Section 409A, or that any such stock options or restricted share awards will not be subject to income taxation under Section 409A.
Limited Liability and Indemnification of Directors, Officers, Employees and Other Agents
We are permitted to limit the liability of our directors and officers to us and our stockholders for monetary damages and to indemnify and advance expenses to our directors, officers and other agents, only to the extent permitted by Maryland law and the NASAA REIT Guidelines.
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Maryland law permits us to include in our charter a provision limiting the liability of our directors and officers to our stockholders and us for money damages, except for liability resulting from (i) actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services or (ii) active and deliberate dishonesty established by a final judgment and that is material to the cause of action.
The Maryland General Corporation Law requires us (unless our charter provides otherwise, which our charter does not) to indemnify a director or officer who has been successful in the defense of any proceeding to which he is made a party by reason of his service in that capacity. The Maryland General Corporation Law allows directors and officers to be indemnified against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses actually incurred in a proceeding unless the following can be established:
| • | an act or omission of the director or officer was material to the cause of action adjudicated in the proceeding and was committed in bad faith or was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty; |
| • | the director or officer actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services; or |
| • | with respect to any criminal proceeding, the director or officer had reasonable cause to believe his act or omission was unlawful. |
A court may order indemnification if it determines that the director or officer is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnification, even though the director or officer did not meet the prescribed standard of conduct or was adjudged liable on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received. However, indemnification for an adverse judgment in a suit by the corporation or in its right, or for a judgment of liability on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received, is limited to expenses. The Maryland General Corporation Law permits a corporation to advance reasonable expenses to a director or officer upon receipt of a written affirmation by the director or officer of his or her good faith belief that he or she has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification and a written undertaking by him or her or on his or her behalf to repay the amount paid or reimbursed if it is ultimately determined that the standard of conduct was not met.
Subject to the limitations of Maryland law and to any additional limitations contained therein, our charter limits directors’ and officers’ liability to us and our stockholders for monetary damages, requires us to indemnify and pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding to our directors, our officers, New York Recovery Advisors, LLC or any of its affiliates and permits us to provide such indemnification and advance of expenses to our employees and agents. This provision does not reduce the exposure of directors and officers to liability under federal or state securities laws, nor does it limit the stockholders’ ability to obtain injunctive relief or other equitable remedies for a violation of a director’s or an officer’s duties to us, although the equitable remedies may not be an effective remedy in some circumstances.
However, as set forth in the NASAA REIT Guidelines, our charter further limits our ability to indemnify our directors, New York Recovery Advisors, LLC and its affiliates for losses or liability suffered by them and to hold them harmless for losses or liability suffered by us by requiring that the following additional conditions are met:
| • | the person seeking indemnification has determined, in good faith, that the course of conduct which caused the loss or liability was in our best interests; |
| • | the person seeking indemnification was acting on our behalf or performing services for us; and |
| • | the liability or loss was not the result of negligence or misconduct on the part of the person seeking indemnification, except that if the person seeking indemnification is or was an independent director, the liability or loss was not the result of gross negligence or willful misconduct. |
In any such case, the indemnification or agreement to indemnify is recoverable only out of our net assets and not from the assets of our stockholders.
In addition, we will not indemnify any director, our advisor or any of its affiliates for losses, liabilities or expenses arising from or out of an alleged violation of federal or state securities laws unless one or more of the following conditions are met:
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| • | there has been a successful adjudication on the merits of each count involving alleged material securities law violations; |
| • | the claims have been dismissed with prejudice on the merits by a court of competent jurisdiction; or |
| • | a court of competent jurisdiction approves a settlement of the claims against the indemnitee and finds that indemnification of the settlement and related costs should be made, and the court considering the request for indemnification has been advised of the position of the SEC and the published position of any state securities regulatory authority of a jurisdiction in which our securities were offered and sold as to indemnification for securities law violations. |
We have agreed to indemnify and hold harmless New York Recovery Advisors, LLC and its affiliates performing services for us from specific claims and liabilities arising out of the performance of their obligations under the advisory agreement. As a result, our stockholders and we may be entitled to a more limited right of action than they and we would otherwise have if these indemnification rights were not included in the advisory agreement.
The general effect to investors of any arrangement under which we agree to insure or indemnify any persons against liability is a potential reduction in distributions resulting from our payment of premiums associated with insurance or indemnification payments in excess of amounts covered by insurance. In addition, indemnification could reduce the legal remedies available to our stockholders and us against the officers and directors.
Finally, our charter provides that we may pay or reimburse reasonable legal expenses and other costs incurred by a director, our advisor or any of its affiliates in advance of final disposition of a proceeding only if all of the following conditions are satisfied:
| • | the legal action relates to acts or omissions relating to the performance of duties or services for us or on our behalf by the person seeking indemnification; |
| • | the legal action is initiated by a third party who is not a stockholder or the legal action is initiated by a stockholder acting in his or her capacity as such and a court of competent jurisdiction specifically approves advancement; |
| • | the person seeking indemnification provides us with a written affirmation of his or her good faith belief that he or she has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification; and |
| • | the person seeking indemnification undertakes in writing to repay us the advanced funds, together with interest at the applicable legal rate of interest, if the person seeking indemnification is found not to have complied with the requisite standard of conduct. |
The Advisor
Our advisor is New York Recovery Advisors, LLC. Our advisor’s executive offices are located at 405 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10022. Our officers and two of our directors also are officers, key personnel and/or members of New York Recovery Advisors, LLC. New York Recovery Advisors, LLC has contractual responsibility to us and our stockholders pursuant to the advisory agreement, executed on February 17, 2010, amended and restated on April 8, 2010, further amended and restated as of September 2, 2010, and amended on June 23, 2011. New York Recovery Advisors, LLC is indirectly majority-owned and controlled by Messrs. Schorsch and Kahane.
The officers and key personnel of our advisor are as follows:
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Name | | Age | | Position(s) |
Nicholas S. Schorsch | | 50 | | Chief Executive Officer |
William M. Kahane | | 63 | | President, Chief Operating Officer, Treasurer |
Michael A. Happel | | 48 | | Executive Vice President and Chief Investment Officer |
Peter M. Budko | | 51 | | Executive Vice President |
Brian S. Block | | 39 | | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |
Michael Weil | | 44 | | Executive Vice President and Secretary |
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The backgrounds of Messrs. Schorsch, Kahane, Budko, Happel, Budko, Block and Weil are described in the “Management — Executive Officers and Directors” section of this prospectus.
Affiliates of our advisor have sponsored and may sponsor one or more other real estate investment programs in the future, including ARCT, PE-ARC, ARC RCA, ARC HT, ARCT III, ARC Daily NAV, ARCP and ARC Global DNAV. See the section entitled “Conflicts of Interest” for a discussion of other American Realty Capital-sponsored programs. We may buy properties at the same time as one or more of the other American Realty Capital-sponsored programs managed by officers and key personnel of our advisor. As a result, they owe duties to each of these entities, their members, limited partners and investors, which duties may from time to time conflict with the fiduciary duties that they owe to us and our stockholders. However, to the extent that our advisor or its affiliates take actions that are more favorable to other entities than to us, these actions could have a negative impact on our financial performance and, consequently, on distributions to you and the value of our stock. In addition, our directors, officers and certain of our stockholders may engage for their own account in business activities of the types conducted or to be conducted by our subsidiaries and us. For a description of some of the risks related to these conflicts of interest, see the section of this prospectus captioned “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Conflicts of Interest.”
The officers and key personnel of New York Recovery Advisors, LLC may spend a portion of their time on activities unrelated to us. It is currently anticipated that Mr. Happel will spend substantially all of his time on our behalf. Each of the other five officers and key personnel, including Messrs. Schorsch and Kahane, is currently expected to spend a significant portion of their time on our behalf but may not always spend a majority of their time on our behalf. In addition to the key personnel listed above, New York Recovery Advisors, LLC employs personnel who have extensive experience in selecting and managing commercial properties similar to the properties sought to be acquired by us. As of the date of this prospectus our advisor is the sole limited partner of New York Recovery Operating Partnership, L.P.
The anticipated amount of reimbursement to New York Recovery Advisors, LLC for personnel costs will be evaluated on an ongoing basis. Such reimbursement will be based on a number of factors, including profitability, funds available and our ability to pay distributions from cash flow generated from operations. The anticipated amount of reimbursement on an annual basis for our executive officers is as follows:
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Executive | | Anticipated Reimbursement Amounts for Compensation(2) |
Michael A. Happel(1) | | $ | 275,000 | |
All other(3) | | | 500,000 | |
| | $ | 775,000 | |
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| (1) | Mr. Happel owns a 20% interest in American Realty Capital III, LLC, our sponsor. |
| (2) | Includes base salary, bonuses and related benefits. |
| (3) | Includes Messrs. Schorsch, Kahane, Budko, Block and Weil. |
Many of the services to be performed by New York Recovery Advisors, LLC in managing our day-to-day activities are summarized below. This summary is provided to illustrate the material functions that we expect New York Recovery Advisors, LLC will perform for us as our advisor, and it is not intended to include all of the services that may be provided to us by third parties. Under the terms of the advisory agreement, New York Recovery Advisors, LLC has undertaken to use its reasonable best efforts to present to us investment opportunities consistent with our investment policies and objectives as adopted by our board of directors. In its performance of this undertaking, New York Recovery Advisors, LLC, either directly or indirectly by engaging an affiliate, shall, among other duties and subject to the authority of our board of directors:
| • | find, evaluate, present and recommend to us investment opportunities consistent with our investment policies and objectives; |
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| • | serve as our investment and financial advisor and provide research and economic and statistical data in connection with our assets and our investment policies; |
| • | provide the daily management and perform and supervise the various administrative functions reasonably necessary for our management and operations; |
| • | investigate, select, and, on our behalf, engage and conduct business with such third parties as the advisor deems necessary to the proper performance of its obligations under the advisory agreement; |
| • | consult with our officers and board of directors and assist the board of directors in the formulating and implementing of our financial policies; |
| • | structure and negotiate the terms and conditions of our real estate acquisitions, sales or joint ventures; |
| • | review and analyze each property’s operating and capital budget; |
| • | acquire properties and make investments on our behalf in compliance with our investment objectives and policies; |
| • | arrange, structure and negotiate financing and refinancing of properties; |
| • | enter into leases of property and service contracts for assets and, to the extent necessary, perform all other operational functions for the maintenance and administration of such assets, including the servicing of mortgages; and |
| • | prepare and review on our behalf, with the participation of one designated principal executive officer and principal financial officer, all reports and returns required by the SEC, IRS and other state or federal governmental agencies. |
The advisor may not acquire any property or finance any such acquisition, on our behalf, without the prior approval of a majority of our board of directors.
The advisory agreement has a one-year term ending September 2, 2012, and may be renewed for an unlimited number of successive one-year periods. Additionally, either party may terminate the advisory agreement without cause or penalty upon 60 days’ written notice.
A majority of our independent directors may elect to terminate the advisory agreement. In the event of the termination of our advisory agreement, our advisor is required to cooperate with us and take all reasonable steps requested by us to assist our board of directors in making an orderly transition of the advisory function. In addition, upon termination of the agreement, our advisor will be entitled to a subordinated termination fee, as described below.
We pay New York Recovery Advisors, LLC or its assignees a monthly asset management fee equal to one-twelfth of 0.75% of the cost of our assets (cost will include the purchase price, acquisition expenses, capital expenditures, and other customarily capitalized costs, but will exclude acquisition fees);provided, however, that the asset management fee shall be reduced by any amounts payable to New York Recovery Properties, LLC, our property manager, as an oversight fee, such that the aggregate of the asset management fee and the oversight fee does not exceed 0.75% per annum of the cost of our assets (cost will include the purchase price, acquisition expenses, capital expenditures and other customarily capitalized costs, but will exclude acquisition fees). The asset management fee is payable on the first business day of each month, based on assets held by us during the preceding monthly period, adjusted for appropriate closing dates for individual property acquisitions. The asset management fee may be paid, at the discretion of our board of directors, in cash, common stock or restricted stock grants, or any combination thereof. For the purposes of the payment of the asset management fee in common stock, if an offering is underway, each share will be valued at the per-share offering price minus the maximum selling commissions and dealer manager fee allowed in the offering. At all other times, each share will be valued by the board of directors in good faith either at the estimated value thereof, calculated in accordance with the provisions of NASD Rule 2340(c)(1) (or any successor rule), or if no such rule then exists, at fair market value. If asset management fees are paid in grants of restricted shares, each share will be valued in accordance with the provisions of the equity incentive plan then in place.
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We will reimburse New York Recovery Advisors, LLC up to 1.5% of gross offering proceeds for organization and offering expenses. These organization and offering expenses include all expenses (other than selling commissions and the dealer manager fee) to be paid by us in connection with the offering, including our legal, accounting, printing, mailing and filing fees, charge of our escrow holder, due diligence expense reimbursements to participating broker-dealers and amounts to reimburse New York Recovery Advisors, LLC for its portion of the salaries of the employees of its affiliates who provide services to our advisor and other costs in connection with administrative oversight of the offering and marketing process and preparing supplemental sales materials, holding educational conferences and attending retail seminars conducted by broker-dealers. Our advisor will be responsible for the payment of all such organization and offering expenses to the extent such expenses exceed 1.5% of the aggregate gross proceeds of this offering, which may include reimbursements to our advisor for other organization and offering expenses up to 0.5% of the aggregate gross proceeds of this offering for third-party due diligence fees included in a detailed and itemized invoice. Third-party due diligence fees may include fees for reviewing financial statements, offering documents, organizational documents, agreements and marketing materials, analysis of SEC and FINRA correspondence, and interviews with management.
We also pay New York Recovery Advisors, LLC or its assignees acquisition fees equal to 1.0% of the contract purchase price of each property or asset that we acquire (including our pro rata share of debt attributable to such property) and 1.0% of the amount advanced for a loan or other investment (including our pro rata share of debt attributable to such investment), along with reimbursement of acquisition expenses. In the sole discretion of our advisor, our advisor may elect to have these fees paid, in whole or in part, in cash or shares of our common stock in the same manner as described above. In addition, if during the period ending two years after the close of this offering, we sell an investment and then reinvest in investments, we will pay our advisor 1.0% of the contract purchase price of each property (including our pro rata share of debt attributable to such property) and 1.0% of the amount advanced for a loan or other investment (including our pro rata share of debt attributable to such investment), along with reimbursement of acquisition expenses;provided, however, that in no event shall the total of all acquisition fees and acquisition expenses (including any financing coordination fee) payable in respect of such sale or reinvestment exceed 4.5% of the contract purchase price of each property (including our pro rata share of debt attributable to such property) or 4.5% of the amount advanced for a loan or other investment (including our pro rata share of debt attributable to such investment);provided further,however, that New York Recovery Advisors, LLC has agreed that (i) it will not be entitled to acquisition fees or reimbursement of acquisition expenses if there are insufficient offering proceeds or capital proceeds to pay such fees or expenses and (ii) such fees or expenses not paid to New York Recovery Advisors, LLC will not be accrued and paid in subsequent periods to the extent that there are not sufficient offering or capital proceeds to pay them.
In addition, we will reimburse New York Recovery Advisors, LLC for expenses actually incurred (including personnel costs) related to selecting, evaluating and acquiring assets on our behalf, regardless of whether we actually acquire the related assets. Personnel costs associated with providing such services will be determined based on the amount of time incurred by the respective employee of New York Recovery Advisors, LLC and the corresponding payroll and payroll related costs incurred by our affiliate. In addition, we also will pay third parties, or reimburse the advisor or its affiliates, for any investment-related expenses due to third parties, including, but not limited to, legal fees and expenses, travel and communications expenses, costs of appraisals, accounting fees and expenses, third-party brokerage or finders fees, title insurance expenses, survey expenses, property inspection expenses and other closing costs regardless of whether we acquire the related assets. We expect these expenses to be approximately 0.5% of the purchase price of each property (including our pro rata share of debt attributable to such property) and 0.5% of the amount advanced for a loan or other investment (including our pro rata share of debt attributable to such investment). In no event will the total of all acquisition fees and acquisition expenses (including any financing coordination fee) payable with respect to a particular investment exceed 4.5% of the contract purchase price of each property (including our pro rata share of debt attributable to such property) or 4.5% of the amount advanced for a loan or other investment (including our pro rata share of debt attributable to such investment).
We also pay to New York Recovery Advisors, LLC a financing coordination fee equal to 0.75% of the amount available and/or outstanding under any debt financing that we obtain and use for the acquisition of
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properties and other investments or that is assumed, directly or indirectly, in connection with the acquisition of properties or other permitted investments, subject to certain limitations. In the sole discretion of our advisor, our advisor may elect to have these fees paid, in whole or in part, in cash or shares of our common stock in the same manner as described above.
For substantial assistance in connection with the sale of properties, we will pay New York Recovery Advisors, LLC a real estate commission paid on the sale of property, up to the lesser of 2% of the contract sales price and one-half of the total brokerage commission paid if a third party broker is also involved;provided,however, that in no event may the real estate commissions paid to our advisor, its affiliates and unaffiliated third parties exceed the lesser of 6% of the contract sales price and a reasonable, customary and competitive real estate commission in light of the size, type and location of the property. In the sole discretion of our advisor, our advisor may elect to have these fees paid, in whole or in part, in cash or shares of our common stock in the same manner as described above.
Our advisor or its assignees will receive from time to time, when available, a subordinated participation in net sale proceeds equal to 15% of remaining Net Sale Proceeds (as defined in the advisory agreement) after return of capital contributions plus payment in shares of common stock to investors of an annual 6% cumulative, pre-tax, non-compounded return on the capital contributed by investors. In addition, if we are listed on an exchange, upon the listing of our common stock, our advisor will receive a subordinated incentive listing fee equal to 15% of the amount by which the sum of our adjusted market value plus distributions exceeds the sum of the aggregate capital contributed by investors plus an amount equal to an annual 6% cumulative, pre-tax, non-compounded return to investors. However, neither our advisor nor any of its affiliates can earn both the subordinated participation in net sale proceeds and the subordinated incentive listing fee. Any subordinated participation in net sale proceeds becoming due and payable to the advisor or its assignees hereunder shall be reduced by the amount of any distributions made to New York Recovery Special Limited Partnership, LLC pursuant to the operating partnership agreement. We cannot assure you that we will provide this 6% return, which we have disclosed solely as a measure for our advisor’s and its assignees’ incentive compensation.
The subordinated incentive listing fee will be paid in the form of a non-interest-bearing promissory note that will be repaid from the net sale proceeds of each sale of a property, loan or other investment after the date of the listing. At the time of such sale, we may, however, at our discretion, pay all or a portion of such non-interest-bearing promissory note with shares of our common stock or cash. If shares are used for payment, we do not anticipate that they will be registered under the Securities Act and, therefore, will be subject to restrictions on transferability. Any portion of the subordinated participation in net sale proceeds that New York Recovery Advisors, LLC receives prior to our listing will offset the amount otherwise due pursuant to the subordinated incentive listing fee. In no event will the amount paid to our advisor under the non-interest-bearing promissory note, if any, exceed the amount considered presumptively reasonable by the NASAA REIT Guidelines. We cannot assure you that we will provide this 6% return, which we have disclosed solely as a measure for our advisor’s and its assignees’ incentive compensation.
If at any time the shares become listed on a national securities exchange and our independent directors determine that we should not become “self-managed,” we will negotiate in good faith with our advisor a fee structure appropriate for an entity with a perpetual life. Our independent directors must approve the new fee structure negotiated with our advisor. The market value of our outstanding common stock will be calculated based on the average market value of the shares of common stock issued and outstanding at listing over the 30 trading days beginning 180 days after the shares are first listed or included for quotation. We have the option to pay the subordinated incentive listing fee in the form of stock, cash, a non-interest-bearing promissory note or any combination thereof. If any previous payments of the subordinated participation in net sale proceeds will offset the amounts due pursuant to the subordinated incentive listing fee, then we will not be required to pay New York Recovery Advisors, LLC any further subordinated participation in net sale proceeds.
Upon termination of the advisory agreement, or the termination date, our advisor shall be entitled to a subordinated termination fee. The subordinated termination fee, if any, will be payable in the form of a non-interest-bearing promissory note equal to (A) 15.0% of the amount, if any, by which (1) the sum of (v) the
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fair market value (determined by appraisal as of the termination date) of our investments on the termination date, less (w) any loans secured by such investments, plus (x) total distributions paid through the termination date on shares issued in offerings through the termination date, less (y) the liquidation preference of all preferred shares issued on or prior to the termination date (whether or not converted into shares of our common stock), which liquidation preference shall be reduced by any amounts paid on or prior to the termination date to purchase or redeem any preferred shares or any shares of our common stock issued on conversion of any preferred shares, less (z) any amounts distributable as of the termination date to limited partners who received OP Units in connection with the acquisition of any investments upon the liquidation or sale of such investments (assuming the liquidation or sale of such investments on the termination date), exceeds (2) the sum of the gross proceeds raised in all offerings through the termination date (less amounts paid on or prior to the termination date to purchase or redeem any shares of our common stock purchased in an offering pursuant to our share repurchase plan or otherwise) and the total amount of cash that, if distributed to those stockholders who purchased shares of our common stock in an offering on or prior to the termination date, would have provided such stockholders an annual 6% cumulative, non-compounded return on the gross proceeds raised in all offerings through the termination date, measured for the period from inception through the termination date, less (B) any prior payments to the advisor of the subordinated participation in net sales proceeds or the subordinated incentive listing fee. In addition, at the time of termination, our advisor may elect to defer its right to receive a subordinated termination fee until either a listing or an other liquidity event occurs, including a liquidation or the sale of all or substantially all our investments (regardless of the form in which such sale shall occur).
If our advisor elects to defer its right to receive a subordinated termination fee and there is a listing of the shares of our common stock on a national securities exchange or the receipt of our stockholders of securities that are listed on a national securities exchange in exchange for our shares of common stock in a merger or any other type of transaction, then our advisor will be entitled to receive a subordinated termination fee in an amount equal to (A) 15.0% of the amount, if any, by which (1) the sum of (t) the fair market value (determined by appraisal as of the date of listing) of the investments owned as of the termination date, less (u) any loans secured by such investments owned as of the termination date, plus (v) the fair market value (determined by appraisal as of the date of listing) of the investments acquired after the termination date for which our advisor would have been entitled to receive an acquisition fee (collectively, the “included assets”), less (w) any loans secured by the included assets, plus (x) total distributions paid through the date of listing on shares of our common stock issued in offerings through the termination date, less (y) the liquidation preference of all preferred stock issued on or prior to the termination date (whether or not converted into shares), which liquidation preference shall be reduced by any amounts paid on or prior to the date of listing to purchase or redeem any shares of preferred stock or any shares of our common stock issued on conversion of any preferred stock, less (z) any amounts distributable as of the date of listing to limited partners who received OP Units in connection with the acquisition of any included assets upon the liquidation or sale of such included assets (assuming the liquidation or sale of such included assets on the date of listing), exceeds (2) the sum of (y) the gross proceeds raised in all offerings through the termination date (less amounts paid on or prior to the date of listing to purchase or redeem any shares of our common stock purchased in an offering on or prior to the termination date pursuant to our share repurchase plan or otherwise), plus (z) the total amount of cash that, if distributed to those stockholders who purchased shares of our common stock in an offering on or prior to the termination date, would have provided such stockholders an annual 6% cumulative, non-compounded return on the gross proceeds raised in all offerings through the termination date, measured for the period from inception through the date of listing, less (B) any prior payments to the advisor of the subordinated participation in net sales proceeds or the subordinated incentive listing fee.
If our advisor elects to defer its right to receive a subordinated termination fee and there is any other liquidity event, then our advisor will be entitled to receive a subordinated termination fee in an amount equal to (A) 15.0% of the amount, if any, by which (1) the sum of (t) the fair market value (determined by appraisal as of the date of such other liquidity event) of the investments owned as of the termination date, less (u) any loans secured by such investments owned as of the termination date, plus (v) the fair market value (determined by appraisal as of the date of such other liquidity event) of the included assets, less (w) any loans secured by the included assets, plus (x) total distributions paid through the date of the other liquidity event on shares of our common stock issued in offerings through the termination date, less (y) the liquidation
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preference of all preferred shares issued on or prior to the termination date (whether or not converted into shares of our common stock), which liquidation preference shall be reduced by any amounts paid on or prior to the date of the other liquidity event to purchase or redeem any preferred shares or any shares of our common stock issued on conversion of any preferred shares, less (z) any amounts distributable as of the date of the other liquidity event to limited partners who received OP Units in connection with the acquisition of any included assets upon the liquidation or sale of such included assets (assuming the liquidation or sale of such included assets on the date of the other liquidity event), exceeds (2) the sum of (y) the gross proceeds raised in all offerings through the termination date (less amounts paid on or prior to the date of the other liquidity event to purchase or redeem any shares of our common stock purchased in an offering on or prior to the termination date pursuant to our share repurchase plan or otherwise), plus (z) the total amount of cash that, if distributed to those stockholders who purchased shares of our common stock in an offering on or prior to the termination date, would have provided such stockholders an annual 6% cumulative, non-compounded return on the gross proceeds raised in all offerings through the termination date, measured for the period from inception through the date of the other liquidity event, less (B) any prior payments to the advisor of the subordinated participation in net sales proceeds or the subordinated incentive listing fee. If our advisor receives the subordinated incentive listing fee, neither it nor any of its affiliates would be entitled to receive subordinated distributions of net sales proceeds or the subordinated termination fee. If our advisor receives the subordinated termination fee, neither it nor any of its affiliates would be entitled to receive subordinated distributions of net sales proceeds or the subordinated incentive listing fee. There are many additional conditions and restrictions on the amount of compensation our advisor and its affiliates may receive.
No compensation or remuneration will be payable by us or our operating partnership to our advisor or any of its affiliates in connection with any internalization (an acquisition of management functions by us from our advisor) in the future.
New York Recovery Advisors, LLC and its officers, employees and affiliates engage in other business ventures and, as a result, their resources are not dedicated exclusively to our business. However, pursuant to the advisory agreement, New York Recovery Advisors, LLC is required to devote sufficient resources to our administration to discharge its obligations. New York Recovery Advisors, LLC currently has no paid employees; however, as of September 30, 2011, its affiliates had approximately 64 full-time employees, each of whom may dedicate a portion of his or her time to providing services to our advisor. Our advisor is responsible for a pro rata portion of each employee’s compensation based upon the approximate percentage of time the employee dedicates to our advisor. New York Recovery Advisors, LLC may assign the advisory agreement to an affiliate upon approval of a majority of our independent directors. We may assign or transfer the advisory agreement to a successor entity if at least a majority of our independent directors determines that any such successor advisor possesses sufficient qualifications to perform the advisory function and to justify the compensation payable to the advisor. Our independent directors will base their determination on the general facts and circumstances that they deem applicable, including the overall experience and specific industry experience of the successor advisor and its management. Other factors that will be considered are the compensation to be paid to the successor advisor and any potential conflicts of interest that may occur.
The fees payable to New York Recovery Advisors, LLC or its affiliates under the advisory agreement are described in further detail in the section captioned “Management Compensation” below. We also describe in that section our obligation to reimburse New York Recovery Advisors, LLC for organization and offering expenses, administrative and management services, and payments made by New York Recovery Advisors, LLC to third parties in connection with potential acquisitions.
Affiliated Companies
Property Manager
Our properties will be managed and leased initially by New York Recovery Properties, LLC, our property manager. New York Recovery Properties, LLC is indirectly wholly-owned and controlled by Messrs. Schorsch and Kahane. Nicholas S. Schorsch serves as chief executive officer of New York Recovery Properties, LLC. William M. Kahane serves as its president and treasurer. Brian S. Block serves as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of New York Recovery Properties, LLC. Peter M. Budko serves as
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Executive Vice President of New York Recovery Properties, LLC. Michael Weil serves as Executive Vice President and Secretary of New York Recovery Properties, LLC. See the section entitled “Conflicts of Interest” in this prospectus.
New York Recovery Properties, LLC was organized in 2009 to lease and manage properties that we or our affiliated entities acquire. In accordance with the property management and leasing agreement, we pay to New York Recovery Properties, LLC, on a monthly basis, a property management fee equal to 4.0% of gross revenues from the properties managed plus market-based leasing commissions. For the management and leasing of our hotel properties, we will pay a fee based on a percentage of gross revenues at a market rate in light of the size, type and location of the hotel property plus a customary incentive fee based on performance. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of both hotel and non-hotel properties, our property manager may be entitled to receive higher fees if our property manager demonstrates to the satisfaction of a majority of the directors (including a majority of the independent directors) that a higher competitive fee is justified for the services rendered. We also will reimburse the property manager and its affiliates for property-level expenses that they pay or incur on our behalf, including reasonable salaries, bonuses and benefits of persons employed by the property manager and its affiliates except for the salaries, bonuses and benefits of persons who also serve as one of our executive officers or as an executive officer of the property manager or its affiliates. New York Recovery Properties, LLC may subcontract the performance of its property management and leasing services duties to third parties and pay all or a portion of its 4.0% property management fee to the third parties with whom it contracts for these services. If we contract directly with third parties for such services we will pay them customary market fees and will pay New York Recovery Properties, LLC an oversight fee equal to 1.0% of the gross revenues of the property managed. Such oversight fee will reduce the asset management fee payable to our advisor by the amount of the oversight fee. Accordingly the asset management fee, together with the oversight fee, will not exceed the total asset management fee, which is 0.75% of the cost of our assets (cost will include the purchase price, acquisition expenses, capital expenditures and other customarily capitalized costs, but will exclude acquisition fees). In no event will we pay New York Recovery Properties, LLC or an affiliate both a property management fee and an oversight fee with respect to any particular property. New York Recovery Properties, LLC derives substantially all of its income from the property management and leasing services it performs for us and other American Realty Capital-sponsored programs.
If New York Recovery Properties, LLC assists a tenant with tenant improvements, a separate fee may be charged to, and payable by, us. This fee will not exceed 5% of the cost of the tenant improvements. The property manager will only provide these services if it does not cause any of our income from the applicable property to be treated as other than rents from real property for purposes of the applicable REIT requirements described under “Certain Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations.”
New York Recovery Operating Partnership, L.P., American Realty Capital New York Recovery REIT, Inc. and New York Recovery Properties, LLC entered into a property management agreement on February 17, 2010, which was amended and restated as of September 2, 2010. The property management agreement has a one-year term ending September 2, 2012, and is subject to successive one-year renewals unless either party provides written notice of its intent to terminate at least 60 days prior to the expiration of the initial or renewal term. We may terminate the agreement immediately due to the bankruptcy or insolvency of the property manager. We also may terminate the agreement upon written notice in the event of gross negligence or willful misconduct by the property manager.
New York Recovery Properties, LLC hires, directs and establishes policies for employees who have direct responsibility for the operations of each property we acquire, which may include, but is not be limited to, on-site managers and building and maintenance personnel. Certain employees of the property manager may be employed on a part-time basis and also may be employed by our advisor or certain companies affiliated with it.
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The property manager also directs the purchase of equipment and supplies, and supervises all maintenance activity, for our properties. The management fees paid to the property manager cover, without additional expense to us, all of the property manager’s general overhead costs. The principal office of the property manager is located at 405 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10022.
Dealer Manager
Realty Capital Securities, LLC (CRD #145454), our dealer manager, is a member firm of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, or FINRA. Our dealer manager was organized on August 29, 2007 for the purpose of participating in and facilitating the distribution of securities of real estate programs sponsored by American Realty Capital, its affiliates and its predecessors.
Our dealer manager provides certain wholesaling, sales, promotional and marketing assistance services to us in connection with the distribution of the shares offered pursuant to this prospectus. It also may sell a limited number of shares at the retail level. The compensation we will pay to our dealer manager in connection with this offering is described in the section of this prospectus captioned “Management Compensation.” See also “Plan of Distribution — Dealer Manager and Compensation We Will Pay for the Sale of Our Shares.” Our dealer manager also serves as dealer manager for ARCT, PE-ARC, ARC RCA, ARC HT, ARCT III, ARC Daily NAV, ARC Global DNAV, United Development Funding IV and BDCA.
Our dealer manager is a wholly owned subsidiary of AR Capital, LLC. Accordingly, our dealer manager is indirectly majority-owned and controlled by Messrs. Schorsch and Kahane. Our dealer manager is an affiliate of both our advisor and the property manager. See the section entitled “Conflicts of Interest” in this prospectus.
The current officers of Realty Capital Securities, LLC are:
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Name | | Age | | Position(s) |
Edward M. Weil, Jr. | | 44 | | Chief Executive Officer |
Louisa Quarto | | 44 | | President |
Kamal Jafarnia | | 45 | | Executive Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer |
Alex MacGillivray | | 50 | | Senior Vice President and National Sales Manager |
The background of Mr. Weil is described in the “Management — Executive Officers and Directors” section of this prospectus and the backgrounds of Ms. Quarto and Messrs. Jafarnia and MacGillivray are described below:
Louisa Quarto has been the president of Realty Capital Securities LLC, our dealer manager, since September 2009. Ms. Quarto served as senior vice president and chief compliance officer for our dealer manager from May 2008 until February 2009, as executive managing director from November 2008 through July 2009 and co-president from July 2009 through August 2009. Ms. Quarto also has been senior vice president for American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC since April 2008. Ms. Quarto’s responsibilities for Realty Capital Securities include overseeing sales, national accounts, operations and compliance activities. From February 1996 through April 2008, Ms. Quarto was with W. P. Carey & Co. LLC and its broker dealer subsidiary, Carey Financial LLC, beginning as an associate marketing director in 1996, becoming second vice president in 1999, vice president in 2000 and senior vice president in 2004. From July 2005 through April 2008 Ms. Quarto served as executive director and chief management officer of Carey Financial where she managed relationships with the broker-dealers that were part of the CPA® REIT selling groups. Ms. Quarto earned a B.A. from Bucknell University and an M.B.A. in Finance and Marketing from The Stern School of Business at New York University. She holds FINRA Series 7, 63 and 24 licenses and is a member of the Investment Program Association’s, or IPA, Executive Committee, its Board of Trustees and serves as the IPA’s Treasurer and chair of its Finance Committee.
Kamal Jafarnia has been the executive vice president and chief compliance officer of our dealer manager since February 2009. Mr. Jafarnia has served as a senior vice president of American Realty Capital since November 2008. From March 2008 to October 2008, Mr. Jafarnia served as executive vice president of Franklin Square Capital Partners and as chief compliance officer of FB Income Advisor, LLC, the registered investment adviser to Franklin Square’s proprietary offering, where he was responsible for overseeing the
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regulatory compliance programs for the firm. From May 2006 to March 2008, Mr. Jafarnia was assistant general counsel and chief compliance officer for Behringer Harvard and Behringer Securities, LP, respectively, where he coordinated the selling group due diligence and oversaw the regulatory compliance efforts. From September 2004 to May 2006, Mr. Jafarnia worked as vice president of CNL Capital Markets, Inc. and chief compliance officer of CNL Fund Advisors, Inc. Mr. Jafarnia earned a B.A. from the University of Texas at Austin and a J.D. from Temple University School of Law in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He is currently participating in the Masters of Laws degree program in Securities and Financial Regulation at the Georgetown University Law Center in Washington, DC. Mr. Jafarnia holds FINRA Series 6, 7, 24, 63 and 65 licenses.
Alex MacGillivray has been the senior vice president and national sales manager of our dealer manager since June 2009. Mr. MacGillivray has over 20 years of sales experience and his current responsibilities include sales, marketing, and managing the distribution of all products offered by our dealer manager. From January 2006 to December 2008, he was a director of sales at Prudential Financial with responsibility for managing a team focused on variable annuity sales through numerous channels. From December 2003 to January 2006, he was a national sales manager at Lincoln Financial, overseeing a team focused on variable annuity sales. From June 1996 to October 2002, he was a senior sales executive at AXA Equitable, initially as division sales manager, promoted to national sales manager, and promoted again to chief executive officer and president of AXA Distributors, with responsibility for variable annuity and life insurance distribution. From February 1992 to May 1996, Mr. MacGillivray was a regional vice president at Fidelity Investments with responsibility for managing the sales and marketing of mutual funds to broker-dealers. While at Fidelity Investments, he was promoted to senior vice president and district sales manager in 1994. From October 1987 to 1990, Mr. MacGillivray was a regional vice president at Van Kampen Merritt where he represented mutual funds, unit investment trusts, and closed end funds. Mr. MacGillivray holds FINRA Series 7, 24 and 63 licenses.
Investment Decisions
The primary responsibility for the investment decisions of New York Recovery Advisors, LLC and its affiliates, the negotiation for these investments, and the property management and leasing of these investment properties resides with Nicholas S. Schorsch, William M. Kahane, Michael A. Happel, Peter M. Budko, Brian Block and Michael Weil. New York Recovery Advisors, LLC seeks to invest in commercial properties on our behalf that satisfy our investment objectives. To the extent we invest in properties, a majority of the directors will approve the consideration paid for such properties based on the fair market value of the properties. If a majority of independent directors so determines, or if an asset is acquired from our advisor, one or more of our directors, our sponsor or any of its affiliates, the fair market value will be determined by a qualified independent real estate appraiser selected by the independent directors.
Appraisals are estimates of value and should not be relied on as measures of true worth or realizable value. We will maintain the appraisal in our records for at least five years, and copies of each appraisal will be available for review by stockholders upon their request.
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions
Advisory Agreement. We entered into an advisory agreement with New York Recovery Advisors, LLC, on February 17, 2010, which was amended and restated on April 8, 2010, further amended and restated as of September 2, 2010, and amended on June 23, 2011, whereby New York Recovery Advisors, LLC will manage our day-to-day operations. We will pay New York Recovery Advisors, LLC or its assignees a monthly fee equal to one-twelfth of 0.75% of the cost of our assets (cost will include the purchase price, acquisition expenses, capital expenditures, and other customarily capitalized costs, but will exclude acquisition fees);provided, however, that the asset management fee shall be reduced by any amounts payable to New York Recovery Properties, LLC, our property manager, as an oversight fee, such that the aggregate of the asset management fee and the oversight fee does not exceed 0.75% per annum of the cost of our assets (cost will include the purchase price, acquisition expenses, capital expenditures and other customarily capitalized costs, but will exclude acquisition fees). The asset management fee is payable on the first business day of each month, based on assets held by us during the preceding monthly period, adjusted for appropriate closing dates for individual property acquisitions. The asset management fee may be paid, at the discretion of our board of directors, in cash, common stock or restricted stock grants, or any combination thereof. See the section titled
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“— The Advisor” in this prospectus. We will reimburse New York Recovery Advisors, LLC up to 1.5% of gross offering proceeds for organization and offering expenses and for expenses actually incurred (including personnel costs) related to selecting, evaluating and acquiring assets on our behalf regardless of whether we actually acquire the related assets, which may include reimbursements to our advisor for other organization and offering expenses up to 0.5% of the aggregate gross proceeds raised in this offering for third-party due diligence fees included in detailed and itemized invoices. Personnel costs associated with providing such services will be determined based on the amount of time incurred by the respective employee of New York Recovery Advisors, LLC and the corresponding payroll and payroll related costs incurred by our affiliate. Third-party due diligence fees may include fees for reviewing financial statements, offering documents, organizational documents, agreements and marketing materials, analysis of SEC and FINRA correspondence, and interviews with management.
We also will pay to New York Recovery Advisors, LLC or its assignees acquisition fees equal to 1.0% of the contract purchase price of each property or asset that we acquire (including our pro rata share of debt attributable to such property) and 1.0% of the amount advanced for a loan or other investment (including our pro rata share of debt attributable to such investment). In the sole discretion of our advisor, our advisor may elect to have these fees paid, in whole or in part, in cash or shares of our common stock. In addition, if during the period ending two years after the close of the offering, we sell an investment and then reinvest in investments, we will pay to New York Recovery Advisors, LLC 1.0% of the contract purchase price of each property acquired (including our pro rata share of debt attributable to such property) and 1.0% of the amount advanced for a loan or other investment (including our pro rata share of debt attributable to such investment), along with reimbursement of acquisition of expenses;provided, however, that in no event shall the total of all acquisition fees and acquisition expenses (including any financing coordination fee) payable in respect of such reinvestment exceed 4.5% of the contract purchase price of each property (including our pro rata share of debt attributable to such property) or 4.5% of the amount advanced for a loan or other investment (including our pro rata share of debt attributable to such investment). In addition, we will reimburse New York Recovery Advisors, LLC for expenses actually incurred (including personnel costs) related to selecting, evaluating and acquiring assets on our behalf, regardless of whether we actually acquire the related assets. Personnel costs associated with providing such services will be determined based on the amount of time incurred by the respective employee of New York Recovery Advisors, LLC and the corresponding payroll and payroll related costs incurred by our affiliate. In addition, we also will pay third parties, or reimburse the advisor or its affiliates, for any investment-related expenses due to third parties, including, but not limited to, legal fees and expenses, travel and communications expenses, costs of appraisals, accounting fees and expenses, third-party brokerage or finders fees, title insurance expenses, survey expenses, property inspection expenses and other closing costs regardless of whether we acquire the related assets. We expect these expenses to be approximately 0.5% of the purchase price of each property (including our pro rata share of debt attributable to such property) and 0.5% of the amount advanced for a loan or other investment (including our pro rata share of debt attributable to such investment). In no event will the total of all acquisition fees and acquisition expenses (including any financing coordination fee) payable with respect to a particular investment exceed 4.5% of the contract purchase price of each property (including our pro rata share of debt attributable to such property) or 4.5% of the amount advanced for a loan or other investment (including our pro rata share of debt attributable to such investment). See the section entitled “— The Advisor” in this prospectus.
We also pay to New York Recovery Advisors, LLC a financing coordination fee equal to 0.75% of the amount available and/or outstanding under any debt financing that we obtain and use for the acquisition of properties and other investments or that is assumed, directly or indirectly, in connection with the acquisition of properties or other permitted investments, subject to certain limitations.
For substantial assistance in connection with the sale of properties, we will pay New York Recovery Advisors, LLC a real estate commission paid on the sale of property, up to the lesser of 2% of the contract sales price and one-half of the total brokerage commission paid if a third party broker is also involved;provided,however, that in no event may the real estate commissions paid to our advisor, its affiliates and unaffiliated third parties exceed the lesser of 6% of the contract sales price and a reasonable, customary and competitive real estate commission in light of the size, type and location of the property. In the sole discretion
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of our advisor, our advisor may elect to have these fees paid, in whole or in part, in cash or shares of our common stock. See the section entitled “— The Advisor” in this prospectus.
Our advisor or its assignees will receive from time to time, when available, a subordinated participation in net sale proceeds equal to 15% of remaining Net Sale Proceeds (as defined in the advisory agreement) after return of capital contributions plus payment in shares of our common stock to investors of an annual 6% cumulative, pre-tax, non-compounded return on the capital contributed by investors. In addition, if we are listed on an exchange, upon the listing of our common stock, our advisor will receive a subordinated incentive listing fee equal to 15% of the amount by which the sum of our adjusted market value plus distributions exceeds the sum of the aggregate capital contributed by investors plus an amount equal to an annual 6% cumulative, pre-tax, non-compounded return to investors. Any subordinated participation in net sale proceeds becoming due and payable to the advisor or its assignees hereunder shall be reduced by the amount of any distributions made to New York Recovery Special Limited Partnership, LLC pursuant to the operating partnership agreement. However, neither our advisor nor any of its affiliates can earn both the subordinated participation in net sale proceeds and the subordinate listing fee. The subordinated incentive listing fee will be paid in the form of a non-interest-bearing promissory note that will be repaid from the net sale proceeds of each sale of a property, loan or other investment after the date of the listing. At the time of such sale, we may, however, at our discretion, pay all or a portion of such non-interest-bearing promissory note with shares of our common stock or cash. See the section entitled “— The Advisor” in this prospectus.
Upon termination of the advisory agreement, our advisor shall be entitled to a subordinated termination fee payable in the form of a non-interest-bearing promissory note. In addition, at the time of termination, our advisor may elect to defer its right to receive a subordinated termination fee until either a listing on a national securities exchange or other liquidity event occurs. No compensation or remuneration will be payable by us or our operating partnership to our advisor or any of its affiliates in connection with any internalization (an acquisition of management functions by us from our advisor) in the future. See the section entitled “— The Advisor” in this prospectus.
Nicholas S. Schorsch, our chief executive officer and chairman of our board of directors, also is the chief executive officer of New York Recovery Advisors, LLC. William M. Kahane, our president, treasurer and a director is the president, chief operating officer and treasurer of New York Recovery Advisors, LLC. Michael A. Happel, our executive vice president, chief investment officer and an advisor to our board of directors, also is the executive vice president and chief investment officer of New York Recovery Advisors, LLC. Messrs. Schorsch and Kahane are indirect owners of New York Recovery Advisors, LLC. Peter M. Budko, our executive vice president and chief operating officer, also is executive vice president of New York Recovery Advisors, LLC. Brian S. Block, our executive vice president and chief financial officer, also is the executive vice president and chief financial officer of New York Recovery Advisors, LLC. Michael Weil, our executive vice president and secretary, also is the executive vice president and secretary of New York Recovery Advisors, LLC. For a further description of this agreement, see the sections entitled “— The Advisor,” “Management Compensation” and “Conflicts of Interest” in this prospectus.
Property Management and Leasing Agreement. We have entered into a Property Management and Leasing Agreement with New York Recovery Properties, LLC. We will pay to New York Recovery Properties, LLC fees equal to 4.0% of gross revenues from the properties managed. For the management and leasing of our hotel properties, we will pay a fee based on a percentage of gross revenues at a market rate in light of the size, type and location of the hotel property plus a customary incentive fee based on performance. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of both hotel and non-hotel properties, our property manager may be entitled to receive higher fees if our property manager demonstrates to the satisfaction of a majority of the directors (including a majority of the independent directors) that a higher competitive fee is justified for the services rendered. We also will reimburse the property manager and its affiliates for property-level expenses that they pay or incur on our behalf, including reasonable salaries, bonuses and benefits of persons employed by the property manager and its affiliates except for the salaries, bonuses and benefits of persons who also serve as one of our executive officers or as an executive officer of the property manager or its affiliates. New York Recovery Properties, LLC may subcontract the performance of its property management and leasing services duties to third parties and pay all or a portion of its 4.0% property management fee to the third parties with whom it contracts for these services. If we contract directly with third parties for such
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services we will pay them customary market fees and will pay New York Recovery Properties, LLC an oversight fee equal to 1.0% of the gross revenues of the property managed. Such oversight fee will reduce the asset management fee payable to our advisor by the amount of the oversight fee. Accordingly the asset management fee, together with the oversight fee, will not exceed the total asset management fee, which is 0.75% per annum of the cost of our assets (cost will include the purchase price, acquisition expenses, capital expenditures and other customarily capitalized costs, but will exclude acquisition fees). In no event will we pay New York Recovery Properties, LLC or an affiliate both a property management fee and an oversight fee with respect to any particular property. Nicholas S. Schorsch, our chief executive officer and chairman of our board of directors, also is the chief executive officer of New York Recovery Properties, LLC. William M. Kahane, our president, treasurer and a director, is the president, chief operating officer and treasurer of New York Recovery Properties, LLC. Michael A. Happel, our executive vice president, chief investment officer and an observer to our board of directors, also is the executive vice president and chief investment officer of New York Recovery Properties, LLC. Messrs. Schorsch and Kahane are indirect owners of New York Recovery Properties, LLC. Peter M. Budko, our executive vice president and chief operating officer, also is the executive vice president of New York Recovery Properties, LLC. Brian S. Block, our executive vice president and chief financial officer, also is the executive vice president and chief financial officer of New York Recovery Properties, LLC. Michael Weil, our executive vice president and secretary, also is the executive vice president and secretary of New York Recovery Properties, LLC. For a further description of this agreement, see the sections entitled “—Affiliated Companies — Property Manager,” “Management Compensation” and “Conflicts of Interest” in this prospectus.
Dealer Manager Agreement. We have entered into a Dealer Manager Agreement with Realty Capital Securities, LLC, our dealer manager. We will pay to Realty Capital Securities, LLC a selling commission equal to 7% of the gross offering proceeds from this offering, except that no selling commissions will be paid on shares sold under our distribution reinvestment plan. Realty Capital Securities, LLC will reallow all of the selling commission to participating broker-dealers. Alternatively, a participating broker-dealer may elect to receive a fee equal to 7.5% of gross proceeds from the sale of shares by such participating broker-dealer, with 2.5% thereof paid at the time of such sale and 1% thereof paid on each anniversary of the closing of such sale up to and including the fifth anniversary of the closing of such sale, in which event, a portion of the dealer manager fee will be reallocated such that the combined selling commission and dealer manager fee do not exceed 10% of gross proceeds of our primary offering. Our dealer manager will repay to the company any excess over FINRA’s 10% underwriting compensation limitation under FINRA Rule 2310 (“FINRA’s 10% cap”) if the offering is abruptly terminated after reaching the minimum amount, but before reaching the maximum amount, of offering proceeds. Realty Capital Securities, LLC also will waive the selling commission with respect to shares sold by an investment advisory representative. Additionally, we will pay to Realty Capital Securities, LLC a dealer manager fee equal to 3% of the gross offering proceeds sold through broker-dealers. Realty Capital Securities, LLC may reallow all or part of the dealer manager fee to participating broker-dealers. We will not pay a dealer manager fee for shares purchased through our distribution reinvestment plan. Nicholas S. Schorsch, our chief executive officer and chairman of our board of directors, and William M. Kahane, our president and treasurer, together indirectly own a majority of the ownership and voting interests of Realty Capital Securities, LLC. Louisa Quarto is president of Realty Capital Securities, LLC. Kamal Jafarnia is executive vice present and chief compliance officer of Realty Capital Securities, LLC. For a further description of this agreement, see the sections entitled “— Affiliated Companies — Dealer Manager,” “Management Compensation,” “Plan of Distribution” and “Conflicts of Interest” in this prospectus.
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MANAGEMENT COMPENSATION
We have no paid employees. New York Recovery Advisors, LLC, our advisor, and its affiliates manages our day-to-day affairs. The following table summarizes all of the compensation and fees we pay to New York Recovery Advisors, LLC and its affiliates, including amounts to reimburse their costs in providing services. In the sole discretion of our advisor, our advisor may elect to have certain fees and commissions paid, in whole or in part, in cash or shares of our common stock. In the discretion of our board of directors, the asset management fee may be paid in cash, common stock or restricted stock grants, or any combination thereof. The selling commissions may vary for different categories of purchasers. See the section entitled “Plan of Distribution” in this prospectus. This table assumes the shares are sold through distribution channels associated with the highest possible selling commissions and dealer manager fee. No effect is given to any shares sold through our distribution reinvestment plan.
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Type of Compensation | | Determination of Amount | | Estimated Amount for Maximum Offering (150,000,000 shares) |
Organization and Offering Stage |
Selling Commissions(1) | | We will pay to Realty Capital Securities, LLC 7% of gross proceeds of our primary offering; we will not pay any selling commissions on sales of shares under our distribution reinvestment plan; Realty Capital Securities, LLC will reallow all or a portion of selling commissions to participating broker-dealers. Alternatively, a participating broker-dealer may elect to receive a fee equal to 7.5% of gross proceeds from the sale of shares by such participating broker-dealer, with 2.5% thereof paid at the time of such sale and 1% thereof paid on each anniversary of the closing of such sale up to and including the fifth anniversary of the closing of such sale, in which event, a portion of the dealer manager fee will be reallowed such that the combined selling commissions and dealer manager fee do not exceed 10% of gross proceeds of our primary offering. | | $105,000,000 |
Dealer Manager Fee(1) | | We will pay to Realty Capital Securities, LLC 3% of gross proceeds of our primary offering; we will not pay a dealer manager fee with respect to sales under our distribution reinvestment plan; Realty Capital Securities, LLC may reallow all or a portion of its dealer manager fees to participating broker-dealers. | | $45,000,000 |
Organization and Offering Expenses | | We will reimburse New York Recovery Advisors, LLC up to 1.5% of gross offering proceeds for organization and offering expenses, which may include reimbursements to our advisor for other organization and offering expenses up to 0.5% of the gross offering proceeds for third party due diligence fees included in detailed and itemized invoices.(2) | | $22,500,000 |
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Type of Compensation | | Determination of Amount | | Estimated Amount for Maximum Offering (150,000,000 shares) |
Operational Stage |
Acquisition Fees | | We will pay to New York Recovery Advisors, LLC or its assignees 1.0% of the contract purchase price of each property or asset acquired (including our pro rata share of debt attributable to such property) and 1.0% of the amount advanced for a loan or other investment (including our pro rata share of debt attributable to such investment). For purposes of this prospectus, “contract purchase price” or the “amount advanced for a loan or other investment” means the amount actually paid or allocated in respect of the purchase, development, construction or improvement of a property or the amount actually paid or allocated in respect of the purchase of loans or other real-estate related assets, in each case inclusive of acquisition expenses and any indebtedness assumed or incurred in respect of such investment but exclusive of acquisition fees and financing fees.(3)(4) | | $13,275,000 (or $26,550,000 assuming we incur our expected leverage of 50% set forth in our investment guidelines or $53,100,000 assuming the maximum leverage of approximately 75% permitted by our charter) |
Acquisition Expenses | | We will reimburse New York Recovery Advisors, LLC for expenses actually incurred (including personnel costs) related to selecting, evaluating and acquiring assets on our behalf, regardless of whether we actually acquire the related assets. Personnel costs associated with providing such services will be determined based on the amount of time incurred by the respective employee of New York Recovery Advisors, LLC and the corresponding payroll and payroll related costs incurred by our affiliate. In addition, we also will pay third parties, or reimburse the advisor or its affiliates, for any investment-related expenses due to third parties, including, but not limited to, legal fees and expenses, travel and communications expenses, costs of appraisals, accounting fees and expenses, third-party brokerage or finders fees, title insurance expenses, survey expenses, property inspection expenses and other closing costs regardless of whether we acquire the related assets. We expect these expenses to be approximately 0.5% of the purchase price of each property (including our pro rata share of debt attributable to such property) and 0.5% of the amount advanced for a loan or other investment (including our pro rata share of debt attributable to such investment). In no event will the total of all acquisition fees and acquisition expenses (including any financing coordination fee) payable with respect to a particular investment exceed 4.5% of the contract purchase price of each property (including our pro rata share of debt attributable to such property) or 4.5% of the amount | | $6,637,500 (or $13,275,000 assuming we incur our expected leverage of 50% set forth in our investment guidelines or $26,550,000 assuming the maximum leverage of approximately 75% permitted by our charter) |
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Type of Compensation | | Determination of Amount | | Estimated Amount for Maximum Offering (150,000,000 shares) |
| | advanced for a loan or other investment (including our pro rata share of debt attributable to such investment). | | |
Asset Management Fees | | We will pay New York Recovery Advisors, LLC or its assignees a monthly fee equal to one-twelfth of 0.75% of the cost of our assets (cost will include the purchase price, acquisition expenses, capital expenditures and other customarily capitalized costs, but will exclude acquisition fees);provided,however, that the asset management fee shall be reduced by any amounts payable to New York Recovery Properties, LLC, our property manager, as an oversight fee, such that the aggregate of the asset management fee and the oversight fee does not exceed 0.75% per annum of the cost of our assets (cost will include the purchase price, acquisition expenses, capital expenditures and other customarily capitalized costs, but will exclude acquisition fees). This fee is payable on the first business day of each month, based on assets held by us during the preceding monthly period, adjusted for appropriate closing dates for individual property acquisitions.(5) | | Not determinable at this time. Because the fee is based on a fixed percentage of aggregate asset value, there is no maximum dollar amount of this fee. |
Property Management and Leasing Fees(6) | | If New York Recovery Properties, LLC, our property manager, provides property management and leasing services for our properties, we will pay, on a monthly basis, fees equal to 4.0% of gross revenues from the properties managed, plus market-based leasing commissions. We also will reimburse the property manager and its affiliates for property-level expenses that they pay or incur on our behalf, including reasonable salaries, bonuses and benefits of persons employed by the property manager except for the salaries, bonuses and benefits of persons who also serve as one of our executive officers or as an executive officer of the property manager or its affiliates. Our property manager may subcontract the performance of its property management and leasing services duties to third parties and pay all or a portion of its 4.0% property management fee to the third parties with whom it contracts for these services. If we contract directly with third parties for such services, we will pay them customary market fees and will pay our property manager an oversight fee equal to 1.0% of the gross revenues of the property managed. Such oversight fee will reduce the asset management fee payable to our advisor by the amount of the oversight | | Not determinable at this time. Because the fee is based on a fixed percentage of gross revenue and/or market rates, there is no maximum dollar amount of this fee. |
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Type of Compensation | | Determination of Amount | | Estimated Amount for Maximum Offering (150,000,000 shares) |
| | fee. Accordingly, the asset management fee, together with the oversight fee, will not exceed the total asset management fee, which is 0.75% per annum of the cost of our assets (cost will include the purchase price, acquisition expenses, capital expenditures and other customarily capitalized costs, but will exclude acquisition fees). In no event will we pay our property manager or any affiliate both a property management fee and an oversight fee with respect to any particular property.(7) |
Operating Expenses | | We will reimburse our advisor’s costs and expenses of providing services, subject to the limitation that we will not reimburse our advisor for any amount by which our total operating expenses (as defined in our charter and the advisory agreement) (including the asset management fee, but excluding organization and offering expenses, acquisition fees, acquisition expenses and certain other items) for the four preceding fiscal quarters, or expense year, exceeds the greater of (a) 2% of average invested assets and (b) 25% of net income other than any additions to reserves for depreciation, bad debt or other similar non-cash reserves and excluding any gain from the sale of assets for that period. Any such excess amount paid to our advisor during a fiscal quarter will be repaid to us or, at our option, subtracted from the total operating expenses reimbursed during the subsequent fiscal quarter. If there is an excess amount in any expense year and our independent directors determine that such excess was justified based on unusual and nonrecurring factors which they deem sufficient, then the excess amount may be carried over and included in total operating expenses in subsequent expense years and reimbursed to our advisor in one or more of such years, provided that there shall be sent to our stockholders a written disclosure of such fact, together with an explanation of the factors our independent directors considered in determining that such excess expenses were justified. For purposes of the 2% limit described above, “average invested assets” means, for any period, the average of the aggregate book value of our assets (including lease intangibles, invested, directly or indirectly, in financial instruments, debt and equity securities and equity interests in and loans secured by real estate assets (including amounts invested in REITs and other real estate operating companies)) before reserves for depreciation or bad debts or other similar non-cash reserves, computed by taking the average of these values at the end of each month during the period. Additionally, we will not | | Not determinable at this time. |
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Type of Compensation | | Determination of Amount | | Estimated Amount for Maximum Offering (150,000,000 shares) |
| | reimburse our advisor for personnel costs to the extent that such employees perform services for which the advisor receives a separate fee. |
Financing Coordination Fee | | If our advisor provides services in connection with the origination or refinancing of any debt that we obtain and use to finance properties or other permitted investments, or that is assumed, directly or indirectly, in connection with the acquisition of properties or other permitted investments, we will pay the advisor or its assignees a financing coordination fee equal to 0.75% of the amount available and/or outstanding under such financing or such assumed debt, subject to certain limitations. The advisor may reallow some of or all this financing coordination fee to reimburse third parties with whom it may subcontract to procure such financing.(8) | | Not determinable at this time. Because the fee is based on a fixed percentage of any debt financing, there is no maximum dollar amount of this fee. |
Restricted Stock Awards | | We have established an employee and director incentive restricted share plan pursuant to which directors, officers and employees, and certain consultants, of us, our advisor or any of our affiliates, may be granted incentive awards in the form of restricted stock. | | Restricted stock awards under our employee and director incentive restricted share plan may not exceed 5.0% of our outstanding shares on a fully diluted basis at any time, and in any event will not exceed 7,500,000 shares (as such number may be adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, combinations and similar events). |
Compensation and Restricted Stock Awards to Independent Directors | | We pay to each of our independent directors a retainer of $30,000 per year, plus $2,000 for each board or board committee meeting the director attends in person ($2,500 for attendance by the chairperson of the audit committee at each meeting of the audit committee) and $1,500 for each meeting the director attends by telephone. If there is a meeting of the board and one or more committees in a single day, the fees will be limited to $2,500 per day ($3,000 for the chairperson of the audit committee if there is a meeting of such committee). Each independent director also is entitled to receive an award of 3,000 restricted shares of common stock under our employee and director incentive restricted share plan when he or she joins the board and on the date of each annual stockholder’s meeting thereafter. Restricted stock issued to independent directors will vest over a five-year period | | The independent directors, as a group, will receive for a full fiscal year: (i) estimated aggregate compensation of approximately $122,000 and (ii) 9,000 restricted shares of common stock. |
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Type of Compensation | | Determination of Amount | | Estimated Amount for Maximum Offering (150,000,000 shares) |
| | following the first anniversary of the date of grant in increments of 20% per annum. | | |
Liquidation/Listing Stage |
Real Estate Commissions | | For substantial assistance in connection with the sale of properties, we will pay New York Recovery Advisors, LLC a real estate commission up to the lesser of 2% of the contract sales price and one-half of the total brokerage commission paid if a third party broker is also involved;provided, however, that in no event may the real estate commissions paid to our advisor, its affiliates and unaffiliated third parties exceed the lesser of 6% of the contract sales price and a real estate commission that is reasonable, customary and competitive in light of the size, type and location of the property.(9) | | Not determinable at this time. Because the commission is based on a fixed percentage of the contract price for a sold property, there is no maximum dollar amount of these commissions. |
| | Our independent directors will determine whether the advisor or its affiliates has provided substantial assistance to us in connection with the sale of an asset. Substantial assistance in connection with the sale of an asset includes the advisor’s preparation of an investment package for an asset (including an investment analysis, an asset description and other due diligence information) or such other substantial services performed by the advisor in connection with a sale. |
Subordinated Participation in Net Sales Proceeds(10)(11) | | Our advisor or its assignees will receive from time to time, when available, 15% of remaining Net Sales Proceeds (as defined in the advisory agreement) after return of capital contributions plus payment to investors of an annual 6% cumulative, pre-tax, non-compounded return on the capital contributed by investors. We cannot assure you that we will provide this 6% return, which we have disclosed solely as a measure for our advisor’s and its assignees’ incentive compensation. | | Not determinable at this time. There is no maximum amount of these payments. |
Subordinated Incentive Listing Fee (payable only if we are listed on an exchange, which we have no intention to do at this time)(10)(11) | | Upon the listing of our common stock, our advisor or its assignees will receive a non-interest-bearing promissory note equal to 15% of the amount by which the sum of our adjusted market value plus distributions exceeds the sum of the aggregate capital contributed by investors plus an amount equal to an annual 6% cumulative, pre-tax, non-compounded return to investors. We cannot assure you that we will provide this 6% return, which we have disclosed solely as a measure for our advisor’s and its assignees’ incentive compensation. | | Not determinable at this time. There is no maximum amount of this fee. |
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Type of Compensation | | Determination of Amount | | Estimated Amount for Maximum Offering (150,000,000 shares) |
Termination Fee | | Upon termination or non-renewal of the advisory agreement, our advisor shall be entitled to a subordinated termination fee payable in the form of a non-interest-bearing promissory note. In addition, our advisor may elect to defer its right to receive a subordinated termination fee until either a listing on a national securities exchange or other liquidity event occurs.(12) | | Not determinable at this time. There is no maximum amount of this fee. |
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Historically, due to the apparent preference of the public markets for self-managed companies, real estate investment trusts have engaged in internalization transactions (an acquisition of management functions by us from our advisor) pursuant to which they became self-managed prior to listing their securities on national securities exchanges. Such internalization transactions can result in significant payments to affiliates of the advisor irrespective of the returns shareholders have received. Our advisory agreement provides that no compensation or remuneration will be payable by us or our operating partnership to our advisor or any of its affiliates in connection with any internalization (an acquisition of management functions by us from our advisor) in the future.
| (1) | Our dealer manager will repay to the company any excess over FINRA’s 10% cap if the offering is abruptly terminated after reaching the minimum amount, but before reaching the maximum amount, of offering proceeds. Our dealer manager also will waive the selling commission with respect to shares sold by an investment advisory representative. |
| (2) | These organization and offering expenses include all expenses (other than selling commissions and the dealer manager fee) to be paid by us in connection with the offering, including our legal, accounting, printing, mailing and filing fees, charge of our escrow holder, due diligence expense reimbursements to participating broker-dealers and amounts to reimburse New York Recovery Advisors, LLC for its portion of the salaries of the employees of its affiliates who provide services to our advisor and other costs in connection with administrative oversight of the offering and marketing process and preparing supplemental sales materials, holding educational conferences and attending retail seminars conducted by broker-dealers. Our advisor will not be reimbursed for the direct payment of such organization and offering expenses that exceed 1.5% of the aggregate gross proceeds of this offering, which may include reimbursements to our advisor for up to 0.5% of the aggregate gross offering proceeds for third-party due diligence fees included in a detailed and itemized invoice. Third-party due diligence fees may include fees for reviewing financial statements, offering documents, organizational documents, agreements and marketing materials, analysis of SEC and FINRA correspondence, and interviews with management. |
| (3) | In the sole discretion of our advisor, our advisor may elect to have acquisition fees paid, in whole or in part, in cash or shares of our common stock. For the purposes of the payment of these fees in common stock, if an offering is underway, each share will be valued at the per-share offering price minus the maximum selling commissions and dealer manager fee allowed in the offering. At all other times, each share will be valued by the board of directors in good faith either at the estimated value thereof, calculated in accordance with the provisions of NASD Rule 2340(c)(1) (or any successor rule), or if no such rule then exists, at fair market value. |
| (4) | In addition, if during the period ending two years after this close of the offering, we sell an investment and then reinvest in investments, we will pay our advisor 1.0% of the contract purchase price of each property (including our pro rata share of debt attributable to such property) and 1.0% of the amount advanced for a loan or other investment (including our pro rata share of debt attributable to such investment), along with reimbursement of acquisition expenses;provided, however, that in no event shall the total of all acquisition fees and acquisition expenses (including any financing coordination fee) payable in respect of such sale or reinvestment exceed 4.5% of the contract purchase price of each property (including our pro rata share of debt attributable to such property) or 4.5% of the amount advanced for a loan or other investment (including our pro rata share of debt attributable to such investment). |
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| (5) | The asset management fee may be paid, at the discretion of our board of directors, in cash, common stock or restricted stock grants, or any combination thereof. For the purposes of the payment of the asset management fee in common stock, if an offering is underway, each share will be valued at the per-share offering price minus the maximum selling commissions and dealer manager fee allowed in the offering. At all other times, each share will be valued by the board of directors in good faith either at the estimated value thereof, calculated in accordance with the provisions of NASD Rule 2340(c)(1) (or any successor rule), or if no such rule then exists, at fair market value. Restricted shares granted as asset management fees will be valued in accordance with the provisions of the equity incentive plan under which the grants are made. |
| (6) | If New York Recovery Properties, LLC assists a tenant with tenant improvements, a separate fee may be charged to, and payable by, us. This fee will not exceed 5% of the cost of the tenant improvements. The property manager will only provide these services if it does not cause any of our income from the applicable property to be treated as other than rents from real property for purposes of the applicable REIT requirements described under “Certain Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations.” |
| (7) | For the management and leasing of our hotel properties, we will pay a fee based on a percentage of gross revenues at a market rate in light of the size, type and location of the hotel property plus a customary incentive fee based on performance. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of both hotel and non-hotel properties, our property manager may be entitled to receive higher fees if our property manager demonstrates to the satisfaction of a majority of the directors (including a majority of the independent directors) that a higher competitive fee is justified for the services rendered. |
| (8) | In the sole discretion of our advisor, our advisor may elect to have the financing coordination fee paid, in whole or in part, in cash or shares of our common stock. For the purposes of the payment of the financing coordination fee in common stock, if an offering is underway, each share will be valued at the per-share offering price minus the maximum selling commissions and dealer manager fee allowed in the offering. At all other times, each share will be valued by the board of directors in good faith either at the estimated value thereof, calculated in accordance with the provisions of NASD Rule 2340(c)(1) (or any successor rule), or if no such rule then exists, at fair market value. |
| (9) | In the sole discretion of our advisor, our advisor may elect to have real estate commissions paid, in whole or in part, in cash or shares of our common stock. For the purposes of the payment of real estate commissions in common stock, if an offering is underway, each share will be valued at the per-share offering price minus the maximum selling commissions and dealer manager fee allowed in the offering. At all other times, each share will be valued by the board of directors in good faith either at the estimated value thereof, calculated in accordance with the provisions of NASD Rule 2340(c)(1) (or any successor rule), or if no such rule then exists, at fair market value. |
| (10) | The subordinated incentive listing fee will be paid in the form of a non-interest-bearing promissory note that will be repaid from the net sales proceeds of each sale of a property, loan or other investment after the date of the listing. At the time of such sale, we may, however, at our discretion, pay all or a portion of such non-interest-bearing promissory note with shares of our common stock or cash. If shares are used for payment, we do not anticipate that they will be registered under the Securities Act and, therefore, will be subject to restrictions on transferability. Any subordinated participation in net sales proceeds becoming due and payable to the advisor or its assignees hereunder shall be reduced by the amount of any distribution made to New York Recovery Special Limited Partnership, LLC pursuant to the partnership agreement. Any portion of the subordinated participation in net sales proceeds that New York Recovery Advisors, LLC receives prior to our listing will offset the amount otherwise due pursuant to the subordinated incentive listing fee. If our advisor receives the subordinated incentive listing fee, it would no longer be entitled to receive the subordinated participation in net sales proceeds or the subordinated termination fee. If our advisor receives the subordinated termination fee, it would no longer be entitled to receive the subordinated participation in net sales proceeds or the subordinated incentive listing fee. In no event will the amount paid to New York Recovery Advisors, LLC under the non-interest-bearing promissory note, if any, exceed the amount considered presumptively reasonable by the NASAA REIT Guidelines. |
| (11) | The market value of our outstanding common stock will be calculated based on the average market value of the shares of common stock issued and outstanding at listing over the 30 trading days beginning 180 days after the shares are first listed or included for quotation. We have the option to pay the subordinated incentive listing fee in the form of stock, cash, a non-interest-bearing promissory note or any combination thereof. If any previous payments of the subordinated participation in net sales proceeds |
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| | will offset the amounts due pursuant to the subordinated incentive listing fee, then we will not be required to pay New York Recovery Advisors, LLC any further subordinated participation in net sales proceeds. |
| (12) | The subordinated termination fee, if any, will be payable in the form of a non-interest-bearing promissory note equal to (A) 15.0% of the amount, if any, by which (1) the sum of (v) the fair market value (determined by appraisal as of the termination date) of our investments on the termination date, less (w) any loans secured by such investments, plus (x) total distributions paid through the termination date on shares issued in offerings through the termination date, less (y) the liquidation preference of all preferred shares issued on or prior to the termination date (whether or not converted into shares of our common stock), which liquidation preference shall be reduced by any amounts paid on or prior to the termination date to purchase or redeem any preferred shares or any shares of our common stock issued on conversion of any preferred shares, less (z) any amounts distributable as of the termination date to limited partners who received OP Units in connection with the acquisition of any investments upon the liquidation or sale of such investments (assuming the liquidation or sale of such investments on the termination date), exceeds (2) the sum of the gross proceeds raised in all offerings through the termination date (less amounts paid on or prior to the termination date to purchase or redeem any shares of our common stock purchased in an offering pursuant to our share repurchase plan or otherwise) and the total amount of cash that, if distributed to those stockholders who purchased shares of our common stock in an offering on or prior to the termination date, would have provided such stockholders an annual six percent (6%) cumulative, non-compounded return on the gross proceeds raised in all offerings through the termination date, measured for the period from inception through the termination date, less (B) any prior payments to the advisor of the subordinated participation in net sales proceeds or the subordinated incentive listing fee. In addition, at the time of termination, our advisor may elect to defer its right to receive a subordinated termination fee until either a listing or an other liquidity event occurs, including a liquidation or the sale of all or substantially all our investments (regardless of the form in which such sale shall occur). |
If our advisor elects to defer its right to receive a subordinated termination fee and there is a listing of the shares of our common stock on a national securities exchange or the receipt of our stockholders of securities that are listed on a national securities exchange in exchange for our shares of common stock in a merger or any other type of transaction, then our advisor will be entitled to receive a subordinated termination fee in an amount equal to (A) 15.0% of the amount, if any, by which (1) the sum of (t) the fair market value (determined by appraisal as of the date of listing) of the investments owned as of the termination date, less (u) any loans secured by such investments owned as of the termination date, plus (v) the fair market value (determined by appraisal as of the date of listing) of the investments acquired after the termination date for which our advisor would have been entitled to receive an acquisition fee (collectively, the “included assets”), less (w) any loans secured by the included assets, plus (x) total distributions paid through the date of listing on shares of our common stock issued in offerings through the termination date, less (y) the liquidation preference of all preferred stock issued on or prior to the termination date (whether or not converted into shares), which liquidation preference shall be reduced by any amounts paid on or prior to the date of listing to purchase or redeem any shares of preferred stock or any shares of our common stock issued on conversion of any preferred stock, less (z) any amounts distributable as of the date of listing to limited partners who received OP Units in connection with the acquisition of any included assets upon the liquidation or sale of such included assets (assuming the liquidation or sale of such included assets on the date of listing), exceeds (2) the sum of (y) the gross proceeds raised in all offerings through the termination date (less amounts paid on or prior to the date of listing to purchase or redeem any shares of our common stock purchased in an offering on or prior to the termination date pursuant to our share repurchase plan or otherwise), plus (z) the total amount of cash that, if distributed to those stockholders who purchased shares of our common stock in an offering on or prior to the termination date, would have provided such stockholders an annual six percent (6%) cumulative, non-compounded return on the gross proceeds raised in all offerings through the termination date, measured for the period from inception through the date of listing, less (B) any prior payments to the advisor of the subordinated participation in net sales proceeds or the subordinated incentive listing fee.
If our advisor elects to defer its right to receive a subordinated termination fee and there is an other liquidity event, then our advisor will be entitled to receive a subordinated termination fee in an amount equal to (A) 15.0% of the amount, if any, by which (1) the sum of (t) the fair market value (determined by appraisal as of the date of such other liquidity event) of the investments owned as of the termination date, less (u) any loans secured by such investments owned as of the termination date, plus (v) the fair
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market value (determined by appraisal as of the date of such other liquidity event) of the included assets, less (w) any loans secured by the included assets, plus (x) total distributions paid through the date of the other liquidity event on shares of our common stock issued in offerings through the termination date, less (y) the liquidation preference of all preferred shares issued on or prior to the termination date (whether or not converted into shares of our common stock), which liquidation preference shall be reduced by any amounts paid on or prior to the date of the other liquidity event to purchase or redeem any preferred shares or any shares of our common stock issued on conversion of any preferred shares, less (z) any amounts distributable as of the date of the other liquidity event to limited partners who received OP Units in connection with the acquisition of any included assets upon the liquidation or sale of such included assets (assuming the liquidation or sale of such included assets on the date of the other liquidity event), exceeds (2) the sum of (y) the gross proceeds raised in all offerings through the termination date (less amounts paid on or prior to the date of the other liquidity event to purchase or redeem any shares of our common stock purchased in an offering on or prior to the termination date pursuant to our share repurchase plan or otherwise), plus (z) the total amount of cash that, if distributed to those stockholders who purchased shares of our common stock in an offering on or prior to the termination date, would have provided such stockholders an annual six percent (6%) cumulative, non-compounded return on the gross proceeds raised in all offerings through the termination date, measured for the period from inception through the date of the other liquidity event, less (B) any prior payments to the advisor of the subordinated participation in net sales proceeds or the subordinated incentive listing fee. If our advisor receives the subordinated incentive listing fee, neither it nor any of its affiliates would be entitled to receive the subordinated participation in net sales proceeds or the subordinated termination fee. If our advisor receives the subordinated termination fee, neither it nor any of its affiliates would be entitled to receive subordinated distributions of net sales proceeds or the subordinated incentive listing fee. There are many additional conditions and restrictions on the amount of compensation our advisor and its affiliates may receive.
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PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS
The following table provides, as of the date of this prospectus, information regarding the number and percentage of shares of our common stock beneficially owned by each director, each executive officer, all directors and executive officers as a group and any person known to us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of our outstanding shares. As of the date of this prospectus, we had 1,521 stockholders of record and 4.2 million shares of common stock outstanding. Beneficial ownership includes outstanding shares and shares which are not outstanding, but that any person has the right to acquire within 60 days after the date of this prospectus (such as shares of restricted common stock which are scheduled to vest within 60 days). However, any such shares which are not outstanding are not deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage of outstanding shares beneficially owned by any other person. Except as otherwise provided, the person named in the table has sole voting and investing power with respect to all shares beneficially owned by him.
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Beneficial Owner(1) | | Number of Shares Beneficially Owned | | Percent of Class |
New York Recovery Special Limited Partnership, LLC(2) | | | 20,000 | | | | * | |
Nicholas S. Schorsch | | | 20,000 | (3) | | | * | |
William M. Kahane | | | 20,000 | (3) | | | * | |
Michael A. Happel | | | — | | | | — | |
Peter M. Budko | | | — | | | | — | |
Brian S. Block | | | — | | | | — | |
Edward M Weil, Jr. | | | — | | | | — | |
Scott J. Bowman | | | 3,000 | | | | * | |
William G. Stanley | | | 8,776 | | | | * | |
Robert H. Burns | | | 7,854 | | | | * | |
All directors and executive officers as a group (9 persons) | | | 36,629 | (3) | | | * | |
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| (1) | The business address of each individual or entity listed in the table is 405 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10022. |
| (2) | New York Recovery Special Limited Partnership, LLC is 100% owned by American Realty Capital III, LLC, which is directly or indirectly controlled by Nicholas S. Schorsch and William M. Kahane. |
| (3) | Includes 20,000 shares held by New York Recovery Special Limited Partnership, LLC. See footnote 2. |
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CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
We are subject to various conflicts of interest arising out of our relationship with our advisor and its affiliates, including conflicts related to the arrangements pursuant to which our advisor and its affiliates will be compensated by us. Our agreements and compensation arrangements with our advisor and its affiliates were not determined by arm’s-length negotiations. See the section entitled “Management Compensation” in this prospectus. Some of the conflicts of interest in our transactions with our advisor and its affiliates, and the limitations on our advisor and its affiliates adopted to address these conflicts, are described below.
Affiliates of our advisor currently sponsor and may sponsor one or more other real estate investment programs in the future, including American Realty Capital Trust, Inc. or ARCT, a Maryland corporation organized on August 17, 2007, which qualified as a REIT beginning with the taxable year ended December 31, 2008, Phillips Edison — ARC Shopping Center REIT, Inc., or PE-ARC, a Maryland corporation organized on October 13, 2009, American Realty Capital Retail Centers of America, Inc., or ARC RCA, a Maryland corporation organized on July 29, 2010, American Realty Capital Healthcare Trust, Inc. or ARC HT, a Maryland corporation organized on August 23, 2010, America Realty Capital Trust III, Inc., or ARCT III, a Maryland corporation organized on October 15, 2010, American Realty Capital Daily Net Asset Value Trust, Inc. or ARC Daily NAV, a Maryland corporation, organized on September 10, 2010, American Realty Capital Global Daily Net Asset Value Trust, Inc., or ARC Global DNAV, a Maryland corporation, organized on July 13, 2011, and American Realty Capital Properties, Inc. or ARCP, a Maryland corporation organized on December 2, 2010. Business Development Corporation of America, or BDCA, a Maryland corporation organized on May 5, 2010, is a publicly offered specialty finance company which has elected to be treated as a business development company under the Investment Company Act of 1940.
ARCT filed its initial registration statement with the SEC on September 9, 2007 which became effective on January 25, 2008. As of June 30, 2011, ARCT had received gross offering proceeds of approximately $1.5 billion from the sale of 149.0 million shares of common stock. On August 5, 2010, ARCT filed a registration statement on Form S-11 to register 32.5 million shares of common stock in connection with a follow-on offering. ARCT’s initial public offering was originally set to expire on January 25, 2011, three years after its effective date. However, as permitted by Rule 415 of the Securities Act, ARCT was permitted to continue its initial public offering until July 25, 2011. On July 7, 2011 ARCT had sold all of the 150.0 million shares that were registered in connection with the initial public offering and as permitted, began to sell the remaining 25.0 million shares that were initially registered for ARCT’s distribution reinvestment plan. On July 11, 2011, ARCT filed a request to withdraw the registration of the additional 32.5 million shares, and on July 15, 2011, ARCT filed a registration statement on Form S-3 to register an additional 24.0 million shares to be used in connection with its distribution reinvestment plan. As of December 31, 2011, ARCT had acquired 482 properties primarily comprised of free standing, single-tenant retail and commercial properties that are net leased to investment grade and other creditworthy tenants. As of December 31, 2011, ARCT had total real estate investments, at cost, of approximately $2.1 billion. PE-ARC filed its initial registration statement with the SEC on January 13, 2010 and commenced its initial offering of 180.0 million shares of stock on August 12, 2010. As of December 31, 2011, PE-ARC had raised aggregate gross proceeds of $25.1 million on the sale of 2.7 million shares of common stock. As of December 31, 2011, PE-ARC had acquired six shopping centers for a purchase price of $63.0 million and purchased into a joint venture for $14.0 million. ARC RCA filed its initial registration statement with the SEC on September 13, 2010, which became effective on March 17, 2011. As of December 31, 2011, ARC RCA had not raised any money nor acquired any investments. ARC HT filed its initial registration statement with the SEC on August 27, 2010, which became effective on February 18, 2011. As of December 31, 2011, ARC HT had received aggregate gross offering proceeds of approximately $69.1 million from the sale of approximately 7.0 million shares in its public offering. As of December 31, 2011, ARC HT had acquired 12 commercial properties for a purchase price of approximately $164.5 million. ARCT III filed its initial registration statement with the SEC on November 2, 2010, which became effective on March 31, 2011. As of December 31, 2011, ARCT III had received aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $102.4 million from the sale of 10.3 million shares in its public offering. As of December 31, 2011, ARCT III had acquired 41 properties with total real estate investments, at cost, of approximately $72.5 million. ARC — Northcliffe filed its initial registration statement with the SEC on October 12, 2010. On October 27, 2011, the management of ARC — Northcliffe withdrew its registration statement with the SEC believing it to be in the best interests of the company. ARC Daily NAV filed its
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registration statement with the SEC on October 8, 2010, which became effective on August 15, 2011. As of January 5, 2012, ARC Daily NAV had received aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $2.2 million from the sale of 0.2 million shares in its public offering. As of January 5, 2012, ARC Daily NAV had acquired two properties and had total real estate investments, at cost, of approximately $1.7 million. ARC Global DNAV filed its initial registration statement with the SEC on October 27, which has yet to become effective. As of December 31, 2011, ARC Global DNAV had not raised any money nor acquired any investments. BDCA filed its initial registration statement with the SEC on May 7, 2010, which became effective on January 25, 2011. As of December 31, 2011, BDCA had received aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $9.0 million from the sale of 0.9 million shares in its public offering. As of December 31, 2011, BDCA had total investments, at cost, of approximately $14.3 million. ARCP filed its initial registration statement with the SEC on February 11, 2011 and became effective by the SEC on July 7, 2011. On September 6, 2011, ARCP completed its initial public offering of approximately 5.6 million shares of common stock for net proceeds of approximately $64.2 million. ARCP’s common stock is traded on The NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “ARCP.” On September 22, 2011, ARCP filed its registration statement with the SEC in connection with an underwritten follow-on offering of 1.5 million shares of its common stock. As of December 31, 2011, ARCP owned 90 single tenant, free standing properties and real estate investments, at a purchase price of approximately $148.6 million.
None of the investment objectives of these affiliated programs are similar to our investment objectives, which aim to acquire high quality income-producing commercial real estate located in the New York MSA, and in particular, New York City, with a focus on office and retail properties.
The officers and key personnel of our advisor are expected to spend a substantial portion of their time on activities unrelated to us, which may significantly reduce the amount of time to be spent by such officers and key personnel on activities related to us. It is currently anticipated that Mr. Happel will spend substantially all of his time on our behalf. Each of the other officers and key personnel, including Messrs. Schorsch and Kahane, is currently expected to spend a portion of his time on our behalf. In addition to the key personnel listed above, our advisor employs personnel who have extensive experience in managing REITs similar to us and selecting and managing commercial properties similar to the properties sought to be acquired by us. Based on our sponsor’s experience in sponsoring ARCT, PE-ARC, ARC HT, ARCT III and us, all of which are non-traded REITs that are in their operational stage, a significantly greater time commitment is required of senior management during the development stage when the REIT is being organized, funds are initially being raised and funds are initially being invested, and less time is required as additional funds are raised and the offering matures. We refer to the “development stage” of a REIT as the time period from the inception of the REIT until it raises a sufficient amount of funds to break escrow under its registration statement.
In addition, certain of our executive officers, Messrs. Schorsch and Kahane, also are officers of our advisor, our property manager, our dealer manager and other affiliated entities, including the advisor and property manager of other REITs sponsored by the American Realty Capital group of companies, many of which are in the development stage.
The management of multiple REITs, especially REITs in the development stage, may significantly reduce the amount of time our executive officers are able to spend on activities related to us. Additionally, as described below, given that six of the American Realty Capital-sponsored REITs, including us, have registration statements that became effective recently, in which our executive officers are involved, and will have concurrent and/or overlapping fundraising, acquisition, operational and disposition and liquidation phases, conflicts of interest related to these REITs will arise throughout the life of our company with respect to, among other things, finding investors, locating and acquiring properties, entering into leases and disposing of properties. The conflicts of interest each of our executive officers and each officer of our advisor will face may delay our fund raising and investment of our proceeds due to the competing time demands.
These individuals also owe fiduciary duties to these other entities and their stockholders and limited partners, which fiduciary duties may conflict with the duties that they owe to us and our stockholders. Their loyalties to these other entities could result in actions or inactions that are detrimental to our business, which could harm the implementation of our business strategy and our investment and leasing opportunities. Conflicts with our business and interests are most likely to arise from involvement in activities related to
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(a) allocation of new investments and management time and services between us and the other entities, (b) our purchase of properties from, or sale of properties to, affiliated entities, (c) the timing and terms of the investment in or sale of an asset, (d) development of our properties by affiliates, (e) investments with affiliates of our advisor, (f) compensation to our advisor, and (g) our relationship with our dealer manager and property manager. If we do not successfully implement our business strategy, we may be unable to generate cash needed to make distributions to you and to maintain or increase the value of our assets. If these individuals act or fail to act in a manner that is detrimental to our business or favor one entity over another, they may be subject to liability for breach of fiduciary duty.
Although certain of our executive officers face conflicts of interest as a result of the foregoing, the following factors tend to ameliorate the effect of the resulting potential conflicts of interest. Our fundraising, including finding investors, will be handled principally by our dealer manager, with our executive officers’ participation limited to participation in sales seminars. As described below, our dealer manager has a sales team that includes 90 professionals, as well as a wholesaling team for each offering dedicated to that offering, which it believes is adequate and structured in a manner to handle sales for all of the offerings for which it is the dealer manager. Some of the American Realty Capital-sponsored REITs have sub-advisors or dedicated management teams who have primary responsibility for investment activities of the REIT, which may mitigate some of these conflicts of interest. Five senior members, all of which are our executive officers, collectively indirectly own interests in the dealer manager and the sponsors or co-sponsors of the American Realty Capital-sponsored investment programs. Controlling interests in the dealer manager and the sponsors or co-sponsors of the American Realty Capital-sponsored investment programs are owned by Nicholas S. Schorsch and William M. Kahane. See the organizational chart in this section below. These members share responsibility for overseeing key management functions, including general management, investing, asset management, financial reporting, legal and accounting activities, marketing strategy and investor relations. This “bench” of senior members provides depth of management and is designed with succession planning in mind. Nonetheless, the competing time commitments resulting from managing multiple development stage REITs may impact our investment activities and our executive officers’ ability to oversee these activities.
We will compete for investors with other American Realty Capital-sponsored programs, which offerings will be ongoing during a significant portion of our offering period. The overlap of these offerings with our offering could adversely affect our ability to raise all the capital we seek in this offering, the timing of sales of our shares and the amount of proceeds we have to spend on real estate investments.
We may buy properties at the same time as one or more of the other American Realty Capital-sponsored programs managed by officers and key personnel of our advisor. As a result, they owe duties to each of these entities, their members and limited partners and these investors and others to whom they provide services, which duties may from time to time conflict with the fiduciary duties that they owe to us and our stockholders. However, to the extent that our advisor or its affiliates take actions that are more favorable to other entities than to us, these actions could have a negative impact on our financial performance and, consequently, on distributions to you and the value of our stock. In addition, our directors, officers and certain of our stockholders may engage for their own account in business activities of the types conducted or to be conducted by our subsidiaries and us. For a discussion of the restrictions included in our charter relating to limits placed upon our directors, officers and certain of our stockholders, see the section of this prospectus captioned “— Certain Conflict Resolution Procedures.” In addition, for a description of some of the risks related to these conflicts of interest, see the section of this prospectus captioned “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Conflicts of Interest.”
Our independent directors have an obligation to function on our behalf in all situations in which a conflict of interest may arise, and all of our directors have a fiduciary obligation to act on behalf of our stockholders.
Interests in Other Real Estate Programs
Affiliates of our officers and entities owned or managed by such affiliates may acquire or develop real estate for their own accounts, and have done so in the past. Furthermore, affiliates of our officers and entities owned or managed by such affiliates may form additional real estate investment entities in the future, whether public or private, which can be expected to have the same investment objectives and policies as we do and
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which may be involved in the same geographic area, and such persons may be engaged in sponsoring one or more of such entities at approximately the same time as our shares of common stock are being offered. Our advisor, its affiliates and affiliates of our officers are not obligated to present to us any particular investment opportunity that comes to their attention, unless such opportunity is of a character that might be suitable for investment by us. Our advisor and its affiliates likely will experience conflicts of interest as they simultaneously perform services for us and other affiliated real estate programs.
Any affiliated entity, whether or not currently existing, could compete with us in the sale or operation of the properties. We will seek to achieve any operating efficiency or similar savings that may result from affiliated management of competitive properties. However, to the extent that affiliates own or acquire property that is adjacent, or in close proximity, to a property we own, our property may compete with the affiliate’s property for tenants or purchasers.
Every transaction that we enter into with our advisor or its affiliates is subject to an inherent conflict of interest. Our board of directors may encounter conflicts of interest in enforcing our rights against any affiliate in the event of a default by or disagreement with an affiliate or in invoking powers, rights or options pursuant to any agreement between us and our advisor or any of its affiliates.
We do not believe that any of our other affiliated programs are in direct competition with this program.
Other Activities of New York Recovery Advisors, LLC and Its Affiliates
We will rely on New York Recovery Advisors, LLC for the day-to-day operation of our business. As a result of the interests of members of its management in other American Realty Capital-sponsored programs and the fact that they also are engaged, and will continue to engage, in other business activities, New York Recovery Advisors, LLC and its affiliates have conflicts of interest in allocating their time between us and other American Realty Capital-sponsored programs and other activities in which they are involved. However, New York Recovery Advisors, LLC believes that it and its affiliates have sufficient personnel to discharge fully their responsibilities to all of the American Realty Capital-sponsored programs and other ventures in which they are involved.
In addition, each of our executive officers also serves as an officer of our advisor, our property manager, our dealer manager and/or other affiliated entities. As a result, these individuals owe fiduciary duties to these other entities, which may conflict with the fiduciary duties that they owe to us and our stockholders.
We may purchase properties or interests in properties from affiliates of New York Recovery Advisors, LLC. The prices we pay to affiliates of our advisor for these properties will not be the subject of arm’s-length negotiations, which could mean that the acquisitions may be on terms less favorable to us than those negotiated with unaffiliated parties. However, our charter provides that the purchase price of any property acquired from an affiliate may not exceed its fair market value as determined by a competent independent appraiser, that is, a person with no current or prior business or personal relationship with our advisor or directors and who is a qualified appraiser of real estate of the type held by us or of other assets determined by our board of directors. In addition, the price must be approved by a majority of our directors who have no financial interest in the transaction, including a majority of our independent directors. If the price to us exceeds the cost paid by our affiliate, our board of directors must determine that there is substantial justification for the excess cost.
Affiliated Transaction Best Practices Policy
In March 2011, Realty Capital Securities, LLC, the affiliated entity retained by us to act as dealer manager in connection with our initial public offering, adopted best practices guidelines related to affiliated transactions applicable to all the issuers whose securities are traded on its platform (which includes us) that requires that each such issuer adopt guidelines that, except under limited circumstances, (i) restrict such issuer from entering into co-investment or other business transactions with another investment program sponsored by the American Realty Capital group of companies, and (ii) restrict sponsors of investment programs from entering into co-investment or other business transactions with their sponsored issuers.
Accordingly, on March 17, 2011, all the members of our board of directors voted to approve our affiliated transaction best practices policy incorporating the dealer manager’s best practices guidelines,
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pursuant to which we may not enter into any co-investments or any other business transaction with, or provide funding or make loans to, directly or indirectly, any investment program or other entity sponsored by the American Realty Capital group of companies or otherwise controlled or sponsored, or in which ownership (other than certain minority interests) is held, directly or indirectly, by Mr. Nicholas Schorsch and/or Mr. William Kahane, that is a non-traded REIT or private investment vehicle in which ownership interests are offered through securities broker-dealers in a public or private offering, except that we may enter into a joint investment with a Delaware statutory trust, or a DST, or a group of unaffiliated tenant in common owners, or TICs, in connection with a private retail securities offering by a DST or to TICs, provided that such investments are in the form of pari passu equity investments, are fully and promptly disclosed to our stockholders and will be fully documented among the parties with all the rights, duties and obligations assumed by the parties as are normally attendant to such an equity investment, and that we retain a controlling interest in the underlying investment, the transaction is approved by the independent directors of our board of directors after due and documented deliberation, including deliberation of any conflicts of interest, and such co-investment is deemed fair, both financially and otherwise. In the case of such co-investment, our advisor will be permitted to charge fees at no more than the rate corresponding to our percentage co-investment and in line with the fees ordinarily attendant to such transaction. At any one time, our investment in such co-investments will not exceed 10% of the value of our portfolio.
Competition in Acquiring, Leasing and Operating of Properties
Conflicts of interest will exist to the extent that we may acquire, or seek to acquire, properties in the same geographic areas where properties owned by other American Realty Capital-sponsored programs are located. In such a case, a conflict could arise in the acquisition or leasing of properties if we and another American Realty Capital-sponsored program were to compete for the same properties or tenants in negotiating leases, or a conflict could arise in connection with the resale of properties if we and another American Realty Capital-sponsored program were to attempt to sell similar properties at the same time. Conflicts of interest also may exist at such time as we or our affiliates managing property on our behalf seek to employ developers, contractors or building managers, as well as under other circumstances. New York Recovery Advisors, LLC will seek to reduce conflicts relating to the employment of developers, contractors or building managers by making prospective employees aware of all such properties seeking to employ such persons. In addition, New York Recovery Advisors, LLC will seek to reduce conflicts that may arise with respect to properties available for sale or rent by making prospective purchasers or tenants aware of all such properties. However, these conflicts cannot be fully avoided in that there may be established differing compensation arrangements for employees at different properties or differing terms for resales or leasing of the various properties.
Affiliated Dealer Manager
Since Realty Capital Securities, LLC, our dealer manager, is an affiliate of New York Recovery Advisors, LLC, we will not have the benefit of an independent due diligence review and investigation of the type normally performed by an unaffiliated, independent underwriter in connection with the offering of securities. See the section entitled “Plan of Distribution” in this prospectus.
Affiliated Property Manager
We expect that all of our properties will be managed and leased by our affiliated property manager, New York Recovery Properties, LLC, pursuant to a property management and leasing agreement. Our agreement with New York Recovery Properties, LLC has a one-year term, which may be renewed for an unlimited number of successive one-year terms upon the mutual consent of the parties. Each such renewal shall be for a term of no more than one year. It is the duty of our board of directors to evaluate the performance of the property manager annually before renewing the agreement. We may terminate the agreement in the event of negligence or misconduct on the part of New York Recovery Properties, LLC. We expect New York Recovery Properties, LLC to also serve as property manager for properties owned by affiliated real estate programs, some of which may be in competition with our properties. Management fees to be paid to our property manager are based on a percentage of the rental income received by the managed properties. For a more detailed discussion of the anticipated fees to be paid for property management services, see the section entitled “Management Compensation” in this prospectus.
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Lack of Separate Representation
Proskauer Rose LLP acts, and may in the future act, as counsel to us, New York Recovery Advisors, LLC, Realty Capital Securities, LLC and their affiliates in connection with this offering or otherwise. There is a possibility that in the future the interests of the various parties may become adverse, and under the Code of Professional Responsibility of the legal profession, Proskauer Rose LLP may be precluded from representing any one or all of such parties. If a dispute were to arise between us, New York Recovery Advisors, LLC, Realty Capital Securities, LLC or any of their affiliates, separate counsel for such matters will be retained as and when appropriate.
Joint Ventures with Affiliates of New York Recovery Advisors, LLC
We may enter into joint ventures with other American Realty Capital-sponsored programs (as well as other parties) for the acquisition, development or improvement of properties. See the section entitled “Investment Strategy, Objectives and Policies — Joint Venture Investments” in this prospectus. New York Recovery Advisors, LLC and its affiliates may have conflicts of interest in determining that American Realty Capital-sponsored program should enter into any particular joint venture agreement. The co-venturer may have economic or business interests or goals which are or which may become inconsistent with our business interests or goals. In addition, should any such joint venture be consummated, New York Recovery Advisors, LLC may face a conflict in structuring the terms of the relationship between our interests and the interest of the co-venturer and in managing the joint venture. Since New York Recovery Advisors, LLC and its affiliates will control both us and any affiliated co-venturer, agreements and transactions between the co-venturers with respect to any such joint venture will not have the benefit of arm’s-length negotiation of the type normally conducted between unrelated co-venturers.
Receipt of Fees and Other Compensation by New York Recovery Advisors, LLC and Its Affiliates
A transaction involving the purchase and sale of properties may result in the receipt of commissions, fees and other compensation by New York Recovery Advisors, LLC and its affiliates, including acquisition and advisory fees, the dealer manager fee, property management and leasing fees, real estate brokerage commissions and participation in non-liquidating net sale proceeds. However, the fees and compensation payable to New York Recovery Advisors, LLC and its affiliates relating to the sale of properties will only payable after the return to the stockholders of their capital contributions plus cumulative returns on such capital. Subject to oversight by our board of directors, New York Recovery Advisors, LLC will have considerable discretion with respect to all decisions relating to the terms and timing of all transactions. Therefore, New York Recovery Advisors, LLC may have conflicts of interest concerning certain actions taken on our behalf, particularly due to the fact that such fees generally will be payable to New York Recovery Advisors, LLC and its affiliates regardless of the quality of the properties acquired or the services provided to us. See the section entitled “Management Compensation” in this prospectus.
We may also pay significant fees during our listing/liquidation stage. Although most of the fees payable during our listing/liquidation stage are contingent on our investors first receiving agreed-upon investment returns, affiliates of our advisor could also receive significant payments even without our reaching the investment-return thresholds should we seek to become self-managed. Due to the apparent preference of the public markets for self-managed companies, a decision to list our shares on a national securities exchange might well be preceded by a decision to become self-managed. Given our advisor’s familiarity with our assets and operations, we might prefer to become self-managed by acquiring entities affiliated with our advisor. However, New York Recovery Advisors, LLC may have conflicts of interest concerning our listing/liquidation stage, particularly due to the fact that, depending on the advisor’s tax situation, capital needs and exit horizon, the advisor may receive more value from a listing rather than a liquidation. Our advisory agreement provides that no compensation or remuneration will be payable by us or our operating partnership to our advisor or any of its affiliates in connection with any internalization (an acquisition of management functions by us from our advisor) in the future.
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Certain Conflict Resolution Procedures
Every transaction that we enter into with New York Recovery Advisors, LLC or its affiliates will be subject to an inherent conflict of interest. Our board of directors may encounter conflicts of interest in enforcing our rights against any affiliate in the event of a default by or disagreement with an affiliate or in invoking powers, rights or options pursuant to any agreement between us and New York Recovery Advisors, LLC or any of its affiliates.
In order to reduce or eliminate certain potential conflicts of interest, our charter contains a number of restrictions relating to: (1) transactions we enter into with our sponsor, our directors, our officers, New York Recovery Advisors, LLC and its affiliates, and certain of our stockholders, (2) certain future offerings, and (3) allocation of investment opportunities among affiliated entities. Some of these restrictions are set forth below:
| • | We will not purchase or lease properties in which our sponsor, New York Recovery Advisors, LLC, any of our directors, any of our officers, any of their respective affiliates or certain of our stockholders has an interest without a determination by a majority of the directors, including a majority of the independent directors, not otherwise interested in such transaction that such transaction is fair and reasonable to us and at a price to us no greater than the cost of the property to the seller or lessor unless there is substantial justification for any amount that exceeds such cost and such excess amount is determined to be reasonable. In no event will we acquire any such property at an amount in excess of its appraised value. We will not sell or lease properties to our sponsor, New York Recovery Advisors, LLC, any of our directors, any of our officers, any of their respective affiliates or certain of our stockholders unless a majority of the directors, including a majority of the independent directors, not otherwise interested in the transaction determines that the transaction is fair and reasonable to us. |
| • | We will not make any loans to our sponsor, New York Recovery Advisors, LLC, any of our directors, any of our officers, any of their respective affiliates or certain of our stockholders, except that we may make or invest in mortgage, bridge or mezzanine loans involving our sponsor, New York Recovery Advisors, LLC, our directors, our officers, their respective affiliates or certain of our stockholders if an appraisal of the underlying property is obtained from an independent appraiser and the transaction is approved as fair and reasonable to us and on terms no less favorable to us than those available from third parties. In addition, New York Recovery Advisors, LLC, any of our directors, any of our officers, any of their respective affiliates or certain of our stockholders will not make loans to us or to joint ventures in which we are a joint venture partner unless approved by a majority of the directors, including a majority of the independent directors, not otherwise interested in the transaction as fair, competitive and commercially reasonable, and no less favorable to us than comparable loans between unaffiliated parties. |
| • | New York Recovery Advisors, LLC and its affiliates will be entitled to reimbursement, at cost, for actual expenses incurred by them on behalf of us or joint ventures in which we are a joint venture partner;provided, however, that New York Recovery Advisors, LLC must reimburse us for the amount, if any, by which our total operating expenses, including the advisor asset management fee, paid during the previous fiscal year exceeded the greater of: (i) 2% of our average invested assets for that fiscal year; and (ii) 25% of our net income, before any additions to reserves for depreciation, bad debts or other similar non-cash reserves and before any gain from the sale of our assets, for that fiscal year. |
| • | If an investment opportunity becomes available that is suitable, under all of the factors considered by New York Recovery Advisors, LLC, for both us and one or more other entities affiliated with New York Recovery Advisors, LLC, including ARCT, and for which more than one of such entities has sufficient uninvested funds, then the entity that has had the longest period of time elapse since it was offered an investment opportunity will first be offered such investment opportunity. It will be the duty of our board of directors, including the independent directors, to insure that this method is |
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| | applied fairly to us. In determining whether or not an investment opportunity is suitable for more than one program, New York Recovery Advisors, LLC, subject to approval by our board of directors, shall examine, among others, the following factors: |
| • | the anticipated cash flow of the property to be acquired and the cash requirements of each program; |
| • | the effect of the acquisition both on diversification of each program’s investments by type of property, geographic area and tenant concentration; |
| • | the policy of each program relating to leverage of properties; |
| • | the income tax effects of the purchase to each program; |
| • | the size of the investment; and |
| • | the amount of funds available to each program and the length of time such funds have been available for investment. |
| • | If a subsequent development, such as a delay in the closing of a property or a delay in the construction of a property, causes any such investment, in the opinion of New York Recovery Advisors, LLC, to be more appropriate for a program other than the program that committed to make the investment, New York Recovery Advisors, LLC may determine that another program affiliated with New York Recovery Advisors, LLC or its affiliates will make the investment. Our board of directors has a duty to ensure that the method used by New York Recovery Advisors, LLC for the allocation of the acquisition of properties by two or more affiliated programs seeking to acquire similar types of properties is applied fairly to us. |
| • | We will not accept goods or services from New York Recovery Advisors, LLC or its affiliates or enter into any other transaction with New York Recovery Advisors, LLC or its affiliates unless a majority of our directors, including a majority of the independent directors, not otherwise interested in the transaction approve such transaction as fair and reasonable to us and on terms and conditions not less favorable to us than those available from unaffiliated third parties. |
Independent Directors
In order to reduce the risks created by conflicts of interest, our charter requires our board to be composed of a majority of persons who are independent directors. Our charter also empowers the independent directors to retain their own legal and financial advisors. A majority of the independent directors must approve matters relating to or act upon:
| • | the requirement that a majority of directors and of independent directors review and ratify the charter at or before the first meeting of the board; |
| • | the duty of the board to establish written policies on investments and borrowing and to monitor the administrative procedures, our and our advisor’s investment operations and performance to assure that such policies are carried out; |
| • | our minimum capitalization; |
| • | liability and indemnification; |
| • | the reasonableness of our fees and expenses; |
| • | limitations on organization and offering expenses; |
| • | limitations on acquisition fees and acquisition expenses; |
| • | limitations on total operating expenses; |
| • | limitations on real estate commissions on resale of property; |
| • | limitations on incentive fees; |
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| • | the independent directors’ periodic duty to review our investment policies; |
| • | the authority to select an independent appraiser to determine the fair market value that we pay for real estate that we acquires both (x) when a majority of the independent directors determine to appoint an independent appraiser to determine fair market value in connection with any acquisition by us and (y) whenever we acquire property from the advisor, the directors, the sponsor or their affiliates; |
| • | the restrictions and procedures relating to meetings of stockholders; |
| • | the authority of a majority of stockholders present in person or by proxy at an annual meeting at which a quorum is present, without the necessity for concurrence by the board, to vote to elect the directors; |
| • | those requirements of any reinvestment plan that the board establishes, relating to periodic distribution of certain material information to stockholders and opportunity for participating stockholders to withdraw; |
| • | the adoption of an extension amendment or a plan of liquidation; and |
| • | the requirement that a majority of independent directors approve matters relating to modifications to their duties and restrictions. |
The following chart shows the ownership structure of the various American Realty Capital entities that are affiliated with American Realty Capital New York Recovery REIT, Inc. and New York Recovery Advisors, LLC.
![[GRAPHIC MISSING]](https://capedge.com/proxy/424B3/0001144204-12-002612/v245119_chrt-flow.jpg)
![](https://capedge.com/proxy/424B3/0001144204-12-002612/line.gif)
| (1) | The investors in this offering will own registered shares of common stock in American Realty Capital New York Recovery REIT, Inc. |
| (2) | American Realty Capital III, LLC is directly or indirectly controlled by Nicholas S. Schorsch and William M. Kahane. |
| (3) | Each property to be held in a special purpose entity. |
| (4) | Through its controlling interest in the advisor, the New York Recovery Special Limited Partnership, LLC is entitled to receive the subordinated participation in net sales proceeds and the subordinated incentive listing fee described in “Management Compensation.” |
| (5) | New York Recovery Special Limited Partnership, LLC is 100% owned by American Realty Capital III, LLC. |
| (6) | Realty Capital Securities, LLC is 100% owned by AR Capital, LLC, which is directly or indirectly controlled by Nicholas S. Schorsch and William M. Kahane. |
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INVESTMENT STRATEGY, OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
Overview
We are focused on helping our shareholders take advantage of a unique window of opportunity to participate in the expected recovery of the New York City real estate market. Our investment goals are as follows:
| • | New York City Focus — Acquire high-quality commercial real estate in the New York MSA, and, in particular, properties located in New York City; |
| • | Stabilized Office and Retail Properties — Buy primarily stabilized office and retail properties with 80% or greater occupancy at the time of purchase; |
| • | Discount to Replacement Cost — Purchase properties valued using current market rents at a substantial discount to replacement cost and with significant potential for appreciation; |
| • | Low Leverage — Finance our portfolio opportunistically at a target leverage level of not more than 40% to 50% loan-to-value (calculated after the close of this offering and once we have invested substantially all the proceeds of this offering); |
| • | Diversified Tenant Mix — Lease to a diversified group of tenants with a bias toward lease terms of five years or greater; |
| • | Monthly Distributions — Pay distributions monthly, covered by funds from operations; |
| • | 5-Year Exit — Exit after New York property markets recover, which we expect to be not later than five years after the end of this offering; |
| • | Maximize Total Returns — Maximize total returns to our shareholders through a combination of realized appreciation and current income. |
Our real estate team is led by seasoned professionals who have acquired over $20 billion of real estate and real estate-related assets and who have institutional experience investing through various real estate cycles. Each of our chief executive officer, president, chief investment officer and chief operating officer has more than 20 years of real estate experience. In addition, our chief financial officer has ten years of real estate experience and our secretary has seven years of real estate experience. We believe a number of factors differentiate us from other non-traded REITs, including our geographic focus, our lack of legacy issues, our opportunistic buy and sell strategy, and our institutional management team.
Acquisition and Investment Policies
Primary Investment Focus
We intend to focus our investment activities on acquiring quality income-producing commercial real estate located in the New York MSA and, in particular, properties located in New York City and originating or acquiring real estate debt backed by quality income-producing commercial real estate located predominantly in New York City. The real estate debt we originate or acquire is expected to be primarily first mortgage debt but also may include bridge loans, mezzanine loans, preferred equity or securitized loans.
Investing in Real Property
We expect to invest in commercial real estate including various property types such as office, retail, multi-family residential, industrial and hotel. We may invest in commercial real estate located anywhere in the continental United States, but plan to focus on commercial real estate located in New York City. Our policies require that a minimum of 70% of our assets be located in the New York MSA (calculated after the close of this offering and once substantially all the proceeds of this offering have been invested).
When evaluating prospective investments in real property, our management and our advisor will consider relevant real estate and financial factors, including the location of the property, the leases and other agreements affecting the property, the creditworthiness of major tenants, its income-producing capacity, its physical condition, its prospects for appreciation, its prospects for liquidity, tax considerations and other
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factors. In this regard, our advisor will have substantial discretion with respect to the selection of specific investments, subject to board approval. In determining whether to purchase a particular property, we may obtain an option on such property. The amount paid for an option, if any, is normally surrendered if the property is not purchased within a certain time period and may not be credited against the purchase price if the property is purchased.
Our obligation to close on the purchase of any investment generally will be conditioned upon the delivery and verification of certain documents from the seller, including, where available and appropriate:
| • | plans and specifications; |
| • | environmental reports and environmental matters relating to federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to environmental protection and human health and safety; |
| • | physical condition reports; |
| • | evidence of marketable title, subject to such liens and encumbrances as are acceptable to our advisor; |
| • | title and liability insurance policies; and |
| • | financial information relating to the property, including the recent operating history of properties for which there is a recent operating history. |
We generally will not purchase any property unless and until we also obtain what is generally referred to as a “Phase I” environmental site assessment and are generally satisfied with the environmental status of the property. However, we may purchase a property without obtaining such assessment if our advisor determines it is not warranted. A Phase I environmental site assessment basically consists of a visual survey of the building and the property in an attempt to identify areas of potential environmental concerns. In addition, a visual survey of neighboring properties is conducted to assess surface conditions or activities that may have an adverse environmental impact on the property. Furthermore, local governmental agency personnel are contacted who perform a regulatory agency file search in an attempt to determine any known environmental concerns in the immediate vicinity of the property. A Phase I environmental site assessment does not generally include any sampling or testing of soil, ground water or building materials from the property, and may not reveal all environmental hazards on a property.
Investing In and Originating Loans
We may originate or acquire real estate loans. Although we do not have a formal policy, our criteria for investing in loans will be substantially the same as those involved in our investment in properties. We may originate or invest in real estate loans (including, but not limited to, investments in first, second and third mortgage loans, wraparound mortgage loans, construction mortgage loans on real property, and loans on leasehold interest mortgages). We also may invest in participations in mortgage, bridge or mezzanine loans. Further, we may invest in unsecured loans;provided, however, that we will not make unsecured loans or loans not secured by mortgages unless such loans are approved by a majority of our independent directors. We currently do not intend to invest in or originate real estate loans (excluding publicly traded real estate debt) in excess of 20% of the aggregate value of our assets as of the close of our offering period and thereafter. To the extent that we invest in CMBS, we intend to invest in CMBS guaranteed by U.S. government agencies, such as the Government National Mortgage Association, or U.S. government sponsored enterprises, such as the Federal National Mortgage Association or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, to reduce the credit and interest rate risk.
Our underwriting process typically will involve comprehensive financial, structural, operational and legal due diligence. We will not require an appraisal of the underlying property from a certified independent appraiser for an investment in mortgage, bridge or mezzanine loans, except for investments in transactions with our sponsor, advisor, directors or their respective affiliates. For each such appraisal obtained, we will maintain a copy of such appraisal in our records for at least five years and will make it available during
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normal business hours for inspection and duplication by any stockholder at such stockholder’s expense. In addition, we will seek to obtain a customary lender’s title insurance policy or commitment as to the priority of the mortgage or condition of the title.
We will not make or invest in mortgage, bridge or mezzanine loans on any one property if the aggregate amount of all mortgage, bridge or mezzanine loans outstanding on the property, including our borrowings, would exceed an amount equal to 85% of the appraised value of the property, as determined by our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors unless substantial justification exists, as determined by our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors. Our board of directors may find such justification in connection with the purchase of mortgage, bridge or mezzanine loans in cases in which we believe there is a high probability of our foreclosure upon the property in order to acquire the underlying assets and, in respect of transactions with our affiliates, in which the cost of the mortgage loan investment does not exceed the appraised value of the underlying property. Our board of directors may find such justification in connection with the purchase of mortgage, bridge or mezzanine loans that are in default where we intend to foreclose upon the property in order to acquire the underlying assets and, in respect of transactions with our affiliates, where the cost of the mortgage loan investment does not exceed the appraised value of the underlying property.
When evaluating prospective investments in and originations of real estate loans, our management and our advisor will consider factors such as the following:
| • | the ratio of the total amount of debt secured by property to the value of the property by which it is secured; |
| • | the amount of existing debt on the property and the priority of that debt relative to our proposed investment; |
| • | the property’s potential for capital appreciation; |
| • | expected levels of rental and occupancy rates; |
| • | current and projected cash flow of the property; |
| • | the degree of liquidity of the investment; |
| • | the geographic location of the property; |
| • | the condition and use of the property; |
| • | the quality, experience and creditworthiness of the borrower; |
| • | general economic conditions in the area where the property is located; and |
| • | any other factors that the advisor believes are relevant. |
We may originate loans from mortgage brokers or personal solicitations of suitable borrowers, or may purchase existing loans that were originated by other lenders. Our advisor will evaluate all potential loan investments to determine if the term of the loan, the security for the loan and the loan-to-value ratio meets our investment criteria and objectives. An officer, director, agent or employee of our advisor will inspect the property securing the loan, if any, during the loan approval process. We do not expect to make or invest in mortgage or mezzanine loans with a maturity of more than ten years from the date of our investment, and anticipate that most loans will have a term of five years. We do not expect to make or invest in bridge loans with a maturity of more than one year (with the right to extend the term for an additional one year) from the date of our investment. Most loans which we will consider for investment would provide for monthly payments of interest and some also may provide for principal amortization, although many loans of the nature which we will consider provide for payments of interest only and a payment of principal in full at the end of the loan term. We will not originate loans with negative amortization provisions.
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Our charter does not limit the amount of gross offering proceeds that we may apply to loan originations or investments. Our charter also does not place any limit or restriction on:
| • | the percentage of our assets that may be invested in any type or any single loan; or |
| • | the types of properties subject to the mortgages or other loans in which we invest. |
Our loan investments may be subject to regulation by federal, state and local authorities and subject to various laws and judicial and administrative decisions imposing various requirements and restrictions, including among other things, regulating credit granting activities, establishing maximum interest rates and finance charges, requiring disclosures to customers, governing secured transactions and setting collection, repossession and claims handling procedures and other trade practices. In addition, certain states have enacted legislation requiring the licensing of mortgage bankers or other lenders and these requirements may affect our ability to effectuate our proposed investments in mortgage, bridge or mezzanine loans. Commencement of operations in these or other jurisdictions may be dependent upon a finding of our financial responsibility, character and fitness. We may determine not to make mortgage, bridge or mezzanine loans in any jurisdiction in which the regulatory authority believes that we have not complied in all material respects with applicable requirements.
Investing in Real Estate Securities
We may invest in securities of non-majority owned publicly traded and private companies primarily engaged in real estate businesses, including REITs and other real estate operating companies, and securities issued by pass-through entities of which substantially all the assets consist of qualifying assets or real estate-related assets. We may purchase the common stock, preferred stock, debt, or other securities of these entities or options to acquire such securities. It is our intention that we be limited to investing no more than 20% of the aggregate value of our assets as of the close of this offering period and thereafter in publicly traded real estate equity or debt securities, including, but not limited to, CMBS. However, any investment in equity securities (including any preferred equity securities) that are not traded on a national securities exchange or included for quotation on an inter-dealer quotation system must be approved by a majority of directors, including a majority of independent directors, not otherwise interested in the transaction as fair, competitive and commercially reasonable.
Acquisition Structure
We anticipate acquiring fee interests in properties (a “fee interest” is the absolute legal possession and ownership of land, property or rights), although other methods of acquiring a property, including acquiring leasehold interests (a “leasehold interest” is a right to enjoy the possession and use of an asset or property for a stated definite period as created by a written lease), may be utilized if we deem it to be advantageous. For example, we may acquire properties through a joint venture or the acquisition of substantially all of the interests of an entity which in turn owns the real property. We also may make preferred equity investments in an entity that owns real property. Our focus will be on acquiring office and retail properties but we also may acquire multifamily, industrial, hotel and other types of real property.
Our advisor and its affiliates may purchase properties in their own name, assume loans in connection with the purchase or loan and temporarily hold title to the properties for the purpose of facilitating acquisition or financing by us or any other purpose related to our business.
Description of Leases
Commercial and Residential Leases
The terms and conditions of any lease we enter into with our commercial and residential tenants may vary substantially from those we describe in this prospectus and will be on terms customary for the type of property and the geographical area.
We intend to include provisions in our commercial leases that increase the amount of base rent payable at various points during the lease term. In addition, some of our commercial leases may provide for the payment of additional rent calculated as a percentage of a tenant’s gross sales above predetermined thresholds in most leases. We expect that most of the commercial leases will be either 5-year or 10-year leases.
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We expect that the majority of the leases at residential properties that we may acquire will be for a term of 12 months, which may enable us to seek increased rents upon renewal of existing leases or commencement of new leases. Such short-term leases generally minimize the risk to us of the adverse effects of inflation, although as a general rule these leases permit residents to leave at the end of the lease term without penalty. In certain circumstances lease terms may be shorter than 12 months.
Hotel Leases
To qualify as a REIT, neither we nor our operating partnership, New York Recovery Operating Partnership, L.P., nor any of our subsidiaries can operate our hotels. Accordingly, we will lease our hotels to a TRS, as lessee. Concurrently, the TRS will enter into hotel management agreements with New York Recovery Properties, LLC, our property manager for hotel properties, or another third party. The TRS may enter into leases or agreements through its subsidiaries.
We expect that the majority of leases for each hotel that we may acquire will have a term of six years from date of the lease agreement. If no event of default has occurred, we expect that the lease will automatically extend for two renewal terms of five years each unless the TRS elects to terminate the agreement.
The leases will provide for the TRS to pay in each calendar month the base rent plus, in each calendar month, percentage rent, if any, based upon gross revenues in excess of certain agreed upon amounts.
The TRS will covenant to take the following actions to maintain our status as a REIT:
| • | the TRS will elect to be and operate as a “taxable REIT subsidiary” of us within the meaning of Section 856(l) of the Internal Revenue Code; |
| • | the TRS may only assign or sublet the leased property upon our approval if any portion of the rent from the sublessee would fail to qualify as “rents from real property” within the meaning of Section 856(d) of the Internal Revenue Code; and |
| • | the TRS will use its best efforts to cause the hotel property to qualify as a “qualified lodging facility” under Section 856(d) of the Internal Revenue Code. |
International Investments
We do not intend to invest in real estate outside of the United States or make other real estate investments related to assets located outside of the United States.
Development and Construction of Properties
We do not intend to acquire undeveloped land, develop new properties, or substantially redevelop existing properties.
Joint Ventures
We may enter into joint ventures, partnerships and other co-ownership arrangements (including preferred equity investments) for the purpose of making investments. Some of the potential reasons to enter into a joint venture would be to acquire assets we could not otherwise acquire, to reduce our capital commitment to a particular asset, or to benefit from certain expertise that a partner might have. In determining whether to invest in a particular joint venture we will evaluate the assets of the joint venture under the same criteria described elsewhere in this prospectus for the selection of our investments. In the case of a joint venture, we also will evaluate the terms of the joint venture as well as the financial condition, operating capabilities and integrity of our partner or partners. We may enter into joint ventures with our directors, our advisor or its affiliates only if a majority of our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors, not otherwise interested in the transaction approves the transaction as being fair and reasonable to us and on substantially the same terms and conditions as those received by the other joint venturers.
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Our general policy is to invest in joint ventures only when we will have a right of first refusal to purchase the co-venturer’s interest in the joint venture if the co-venturer elects to sell such interest. If the co-venturer elects to sell property held in any such joint venture, however, we may not have sufficient funds to exercise our right of first refusal to buy the other co-venturer’s interest in the property held by the joint venture. If any joint venture with an affiliated entity holds interests in more than one property, the interest in each such property may be specially allocated based upon the respective proportion of funds invested by each co-venturer in each such property.
Our advisor may have conflicts of interest in determining which American Realty Capital-sponsored program should enter into any particular joint venture agreement. The co-venturer may have economic or business interests or goals that are or may become inconsistent with our business interests or goals. In addition, our advisor may face a conflict in structuring the terms of the relationship between our interests and the interest of the affiliated co-venturer and in managing the joint venture. Since our advisor and its affiliates will control both the affiliated co-venturer and, to a certain extent, us, agreements and transactions between the co-venturers with respect to any such joint venture will not have the benefit of arm’s-length negotiation of the type normally conducted between unrelated co-venturers, which may result in the co-venturer receiving benefits greater than the benefits that we receive. In addition, we may have liabilities that exceed the percentage of our investment in the joint venture.
Exit Strategy — Liquidity Event
It is our intention to commence the process of achieving a Liquidity Event not later than three to five years after the termination of this primary offering. A “Liquidity Event” could include a sale of our assets, a sale or merger of our company, a listing of our common stock on a national securities exchange (provided we meet the then applicable listing requirements), or other similar transaction.
If we do not begin the process of achieving a Liquidity Event by the fifth anniversary of the termination of this offering, our charter requires, unless extended by a majority of the board of directors and a majority of the independent directors, that we hold a stockholders meeting to vote on a proposal for our orderly liquidation of our portfolio. If the adoption of a plan of liquidation is postponed, our board of directors will reconsider whether liquidation is in the best interests of our stockholders at least annually. Further postponement of the adoption of a plan of liquidation will only be permitted if a majority of the directors, including a majority of independent directors, determines that a liquidation would not be in the best interests of our stockholders. If our stockholders do not approve the proposal, we will resubmit the proposal by proxy statement to our stockholders up to once every two years upon the written request of stockholders owning in the aggregate at least 10% of our then-outstanding common stock.
Market conditions and other factors could cause us to delay our Liquidity Event beyond the fifth anniversary of the termination of this primary offering. Even after we decide to pursue a Liquidity Event, we are under no obligation to conclude our Liquidity Event within a set time frame because the timing of our Liquidity Event will depend on real estate market conditions, financial market conditions, U.S. federal income tax effects on stockholders, and other conditions that may prevail in the future. We also cannot assure you that we will be able to achieve a Liquidity Event.
Many REITs that are listed on a national stock exchange are considered “self-managed,” since the employees of such a REIT perform all significant management functions. In contrast, REITs that are not self-managed, like us, typically engage a third party, such as our advisor and property managers, to perform management functions on their behalf. If for any reason our independent directors determine that we should become self-managed, the advisory agreement permits us to acquire the business conducted by the advisor (including all of its assets). Our advisory agreement provides that no compensation or remuneration will be payable by us or our operating partnership to our advisor or any of its affiliates in connection with any internalization (an acquisition of management functions by us from our advisor) in the future. See the section entitled “Conflicts of Interest” in this prospectus.
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Investment Limitations
Our charter and investment policies place numerous limitations on us with respect to the manner in which we may invest our funds or issue securities. These limitations cannot be changed until such time as our shares of common stock are listed. Until our shares of common stock are listed, we will not:
| • | borrow in excess of 300% of our total “net assets” (as defined by the NASAA REIT Guidelines) as of the date of any borrowing, which is generally expected to be approximately 75% of the cost of our investments; however, we may exceed that limit if approved by a majority of our independent directors and disclosed to stockholders in our next quarterly report following such borrowing along with justification for exceeding such limit. This charter limitation, however, does not apply to individual real estate assets or investments; |
| • | borrow in excess of 40% to 50% of the aggregate fair market value of our assets (calculated after the close of this offering and once we have invested substantially all the proceeds of this offering), unless borrowing a greater amount is approved by a majority of our independent directors and disclosed to stockholders in our next quarterly report along with justification for the excess. This policy limitation, however, does not apply to individual real estate assets or investments and will only apply once we have ceased raising capital under this offering and have invested substantially all of our capital; |
| • | make investments in assets located outside of the United States; |
| • | acquire undeveloped land, develop new real estate, or substantially re-develop existing real estate with an aggregate value in excess of 10% of the value of our total assets; |
| • | make mortgage loans in transactions with our sponsor, advisor, directors or their respective affiliates unless an appraisal is obtained concerning the underlying property, except for those mortgage loans insured or guaranteed by a government or government agency; |
| • | make or invest in mortgage loans, including construction loans, on any one property if the aggregate amount of all mortgage loans on such property would exceed an amount equal to 85% of the appraised value of such property as determined by our board of directors, including a majority of the independent directors, unless substantial justification exists for exceeding such limit because of the presence of other underwriting criteria; |
| • | make an investment in a property or mortgage loan if the related acquisition fees and acquisition expenses are unreasonable or exceed 4.5% of the purchase price of the property or, in the case of a mortgage loan, 4.5% of the funds advanced; provided that the investment may be made if a majority of our independent directors determines that the transaction is commercially competitive, fair and reasonable to us; |
| • | invest less than 70% of the value of our total assets in the New York MSA (calculated after the close of this offering and once we have invested substantially all the proceeds of this offering; |
| • | invest in equity securities (including any preferred equity securities) not traded on a national securities exchange or included for quotation on an inter-dealer quotation system unless a majority of our independent directors approves such investment as being fair, competitive and commercially reasonable; |
| • | invest in publicly traded real estate equity or debt securities, including, but not limited to, CMBS, in excess of 20% of the aggregate value of our assets as of the close of our offering period and thereafter; |
| • | invest in or originate real estate loans (excluding publicly traded real estate debt) in excess of 20% of the aggregate value of our assets as of the close of our offering period and thereafter; |
| • | invest in real estate contracts of sale, otherwise known as land sale contracts, unless the contract is in recordable form and is appropriately recorded in the chain of title; |
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| • | invest in commodities or commodity futures contracts, except for futures contracts when used solely for the purpose of hedging in connection with our ordinary business of investing in real estate assets and mortgages; |
| • | issue equity securities on a deferred payment basis or other similar arrangement; |
| • | issue debt securities in the absence of adequate cash flow to cover debt service; |
| • | issue equity securities that are assessable after we have received the consideration for which our board of directors authorized their issuance; |
| • | issue equity securities redeemable solely at the option of the holder, which restriction has no effect on our share repurchase program or the ability of our operating partnership to issue redeemable partnership interests; |
| • | invest in indebtedness secured by a mortgage on real property which is subordinate to liens or other indebtedness of our advisor, any director or any of our affiliates; |
| • | issue options or warrants to purchase shares to our advisor, our directors or any of their affiliates except on the same terms as such options or warrants, if any, are sold to the general public. Further, the amount of the options or warrants issued to our advisor, our directors or any of their affiliates cannot exceed an amount equal to 10% of outstanding shares on the date of grant of the warrants and options; |
| • | make any investment that we believe will be inconsistent with our objectives of qualifying and remaining qualified as a REIT unless and until our board of directors determines, in its sole discretion, that REIT qualification is not in our best interests; |
| • | engage in any short sale; |
| • | invest in debt secured by a mortgage on real property that is subordinate to the lien of other debt in excess of 25% of our tangible assets; |
| • | engage in trading, as opposed to investment activities; |
| • | engage in underwriting activities or distribute, as agent, securities issued by others; |
| • | invest in foreign currency or bullion; or |
| • | acquire securities in any entity holding investments or engaging in activities prohibited by the foregoing restrictions on investments. |
Our charter also includes restrictions on roll-up transactions, which are described under “Description of Securities” below.
Financing Strategies and Policies
Financing for acquisitions and investments may be obtained at the time an asset is acquired or an investment is made or at a later time. In addition, debt financing may be used from time to time for property improvements, tenant improvements, leasing commissions and other working capital needs. The form of our indebtedness will vary and could be long-term or short-term, secured or unsecured, or fixed-rate or floating rate. We will not enter into interest rate swaps or caps or similar hedging transactions or derivative arrangements for speculative purposes but may do so in order to manage or mitigate our interest rate risks on variable rate debt.
Under our charter, the maximum amount of our total indebtedness shall not exceed 300% of our total “net assets” (as defined by the NASAA REIT Guidelines) as of the date of any borrowing, which is generally expected to be approximately 75% of the cost of our investments; however, we may exceed that limit if approved by a majority of our independent directors and disclosed to stockholders in our next quarterly report following such borrowing along with justification for exceeding such limit. This charter limitation, however, does not apply to individual real estate assets or investments.
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In addition, it is currently our intention to limit our aggregate borrowings to 40% to 50% of the aggregate fair market value of our assets (calculated after the close of this offering and once we have invested substantially all the proceeds of this offering), unless borrowing a greater amount is approved by a majority of our independent directors and disclosed to stockholders in our next quarterly report following such borrowing along with justification for borrowing such a greater amount. This limitation, however, will not apply to individual real estate assets or investments. At the date of acquisition of each asset, we anticipate that that the cost of investment for such asset will be substantially similar to its fair market value, which will enable us to satisfy our requirements under the NASAA REIT Guidelines. However, subsequent events, including changes in the fair market value of our assets, could result in our exceeding these limits.
We will not borrow from our advisor or its affiliates unless a majority of our directors, including a majority of our independent directors, not otherwise interested in the transaction approves the transaction as being fair, competitive and commercially reasonable and no less favorable to us than comparable loans between unaffiliated parties.
Except with respect to the borrowing limits contained in our charter, we may reevaluate and change our financing policies without a stockholder vote. Factors that we would consider when reevaluating or changing our debt policy include: then-current economic conditions, the relative cost and availability of debt and equity capital, our expected investment opportunities, the ability of our investments to generate sufficient cash flow to cover debt service requirements and other similar factors.
Insurance Policies
We typically purchase comprehensive liability, rental loss, all-risk property casualty and terrorism insurance covering our real property investments provided by reputable companies, with commercially reasonable deductibles, limits and policy specifications customarily carried for similar properties. There are, however, certain types of losses that may be either uninsurable or not economically insurable, such as losses due to floods or riots. If an uninsured loss occurs, we could lose our “invested capital” in, and anticipated profits from, the property. For these purposes, “invested capital” means the original issue price paid for the shares of our common stock reduced by prior distributions from the sale or financing of our properties. See the section entitled “Risk Factors — General Risks Related to Investments in Real Estate” in this prospectus for additional discussion regarding insurance.
Disposition Policies
We intend to hold each asset we acquire for an extended period of time, generally three to five years. However, circumstances may arise that could result in the earlier sale of some assets. The determination of whether an asset will be sold or otherwise disposed of will be made after consideration of relevant factors, including prevailing economic conditions, specific real estate market conditions, tax implications for our stockholders, and other factors. The requirements for qualification as a REIT also will put some limits on our ability to sell assets after short holding periods. See the section entitled “Certain Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations” in this prospectus.
The determination of whether a particular property should be sold or otherwise disposed of will be made after consideration of relevant factors, including prevailing economic conditions, specific real estate market circumstances, and current tenant creditworthiness, with a view to achieving maximum capital appreciation. We cannot assure you that this objective will be realized. The selling price of a property that is net leased will be determined in large part by the amount of rent payable under the lease and the “sales multiple” applied to that rent. If a tenant has a repurchase option at a formula price, we may be limited in realizing any appreciation. In connection with our sales of properties we may lend the purchaser all or a portion of the purchase price. In these instances, our taxable income may exceed the cash received in the sale. The terms of payment will be affected by custom in the area in which the property being sold is located and the then-prevailing economic conditions.
In addition, if during the period ending two years after the close of this offering, we sell assets and then reinvest in assets, we will pay our advisor 1.0% of the contract purchase price of each property acquired (including our pro rata share of debt attributable to such property) and 1.0% of the amount advanced for a loan or other investment (including our pro rata share of debt attributable to such investment);provided,
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however, that in no event shall the total of all acquisition fees and acquisition expenses (including any financing coordination fee) payable in respect of such reinvestment exceed 4.5% of the contract purchase price of each property (including our pro rata share of debt attributable to such property) or 4.5% of the amount advanced for a loan or other investment (including our pro rata share of debt attributable to such investment).
Other Policies
Subject to applicable law, our board of directors has the authority, without further stockholder approval, to issue additional authorized common stock and/or preferred stock or otherwise raise capital in any manner and on terms and for the consideration it deems appropriate, including in exchange for property and/or as consideration for acquisitions. Existing stockholders will have no preemptive right to additional shares issued in any future offering or other issuance of our capital stock, and any offering or issuance may cause dilution of your investment. In addition, preferred shares could have distribution, voting, liquidation and other rights and preferences that are senior to those of our common shares. See the sections entitled “Description of Securities” and “Summary of our Organizational Documents” elsewhere in this prospectus. We may in the future issue common stock or preferred stock in connection with acquisitions, including issuing common stock or preferred stock in exchange for property, other assets or entities. We also may issue units of partnership interests in our operating partnership in connection with acquisitions of property or other assets or entities. As of the date of this prospectus, we do not intend to underwrite the securities of other issuers or to invest in the securities of other issuers for the purpose of exercising control.
Money Market Investments
Pending the purchase of other permitted investments, or to provide the reserve described below, we will temporarily invest in one or more unaffiliated money market mutual funds or directly in certificates of deposit, commercial paper, interest-bearing government securities and other short-term instruments. We intend to hold substantially all funds, pending our investment in real estate or real estate-related assets, in assets which will allow us to continue to qualify as a REIT. These investments will be highly liquid and provide for appropriate safety of principal, such as cash, cash items and government securities. Cash items include cash on hand, cash deposited in time and demand accounts with financial institutions, receivables which arise in our ordinary course of operation, commercial paper and certificates of deposit. Generally, government securities are any securities issued or guaranteed as to principal or interest by the United States federal government. See the section entitled “Certain Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations — REIT Qualification Tests” in this prospectus.
Appraisals
To the extent we make mortgage, bridge or mezzanine loans or invest in mortgage, bridge or mezzanine loans in transactions with our sponsor, advisor, directors or their respective affiliates, a majority of the directors will approve the consideration paid for such properties based on the fair market value of the properties. If a majority of independent directors so determines, the fair market value will be determined by a qualified independent real estate appraiser selected by the independent directors.
Appraisals are estimates of value and should not be relied on as measures of true worth or realizable value. We will maintain the appraisal in our records for at least five years, and copies of each appraisal will be available for review by stockholders upon their request.
Investment Company Act Considerations
We intend to conduct our operations so that the company and its subsidiaries are each exempt from registration as an investment company under the Investment Company Act. Under the Investment Company Act, in relevant part, a company is an “investment company” if:
| • | pursuant to Section 3(a)(1)(A), it is, or holds itself out as being, engaged primarily, or proposes to engage primarily, in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities; and |
| • | pursuant to Section 3(a)(1)(C), it is engaged, or proposes to engage, in the business of investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or trading in securities and owns or proposes to acquire “investment securities” having a value exceeding 40% of the value of its total assets on an unconsolidated basis. |
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| | “Investment securities” excludes U.S. Government securities and securities of majority-owned subsidiaries that are not themselves investment companies and are not relying on the exception from the definition of investment company under Section 3(c)(1) or Section 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act. |
We intend to acquire real estate and real-estate related assets directly, for example, by acquiring fee interests in real property, or by purchasing interests, including controlling interests, in REITs or other “real estate operating companies,” such as real estate management companies and real estate development companies, that own real property. We also may acquire real estate assets through investments in joint venture entities, including joint venture entities in which we may not own a controlling interest. We anticipate that our assets generally will be held in wholly and majority-owned subsidiaries of the company, each formed to hold a particular asset.
We intend to conduct our operations so that the company and most, if not all, of its wholly and majority-owned subsidiaries will comply with the 40% test. We will continuously monitor our holdings on an ongoing basis to determine the compliance of the company and each wholly and majority-owned subsidiary with this test. We expect that most, if not all, of the company’s wholly owned and majority-owned subsidiaries will not be relying on exemptions under either Section 3(c)(1) or 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act. Consequently, interests in these subsidiaries (which are expected to constitute most, if not all, of our assets) generally will not constitute “investment securities.” Accordingly, we believe that the company and most, if not all, of its wholly and majority-owned subsidiaries will not be considered investment companies under Section 3(a)(1)(C) of the Investment Company Act.
In addition, we believe that neither the company nor any of its wholly or majority-owned subsidiaries will be considered investment companies under Section 3(a)(1)(A) of the Investment Company Act because they will not engage primarily or hold themselves out as being engaged primarily in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities. Rather, the company and its subsidiaries will be primarily engaged in non-investment company businesses related to real estate. Consequently, the company and its subsidiaries expect to be able to conduct their respective operations such that none of them will be required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act.
The determination of whether an entity is a majority-owned subsidiary of our company is made by us. The Investment Company Act defines a majority-owned subsidiary of a person as a company 50% or more of the outstanding voting securities of which are owned by such person, or by another company which is a majority-owned subsidiary of such person. The Investment Company Act further defines voting securities as any security presently entitling the owner or holder thereof to vote for the election of directors of a company. We treat entities in which we own at least a majority of the outstanding voting securities as majority-owned subsidiaries for purposes of the 40% test. We have not requested that the SEC staff approve our treatment of any entity as a majority-owned subsidiary and the SEC staff has not done so. If the SEC staff were to disagree with our treatment of one or more subsidiary entities as majority-owned subsidiaries, we would need to adjust our strategy and our assets in order to continue to comply with the 40% test. Any such adjustment in our strategy could have a material adverse effect on us.
We intend to conduct our operations so that neither we nor any of our wholly or majority-owned subsidiaries fall within the definition of “investment company” under the Investment Company Act. If the company or any of its wholly or majority-owned subsidiaries inadvertently falls within one of the definitions of “investment company,” we intend to rely on the exclusion provided by Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the Investment Company Act, which is available for entities primarily engaged in the business of “purchasing or otherwise acquiring mortgages and other liens on and interests in real estate.” In addition to prohibiting the issuance of certain types of securities, this exclusion generally requires that at least 55% of an entity’s assets must be comprised of mortgages and other liens on and interests in real estate, also known as “qualifying assets,” and at least 80% of the entity’s assets must be comprised of qualifying assets and a broader category of assets that we refer to as “real estate-related assets” under the Investment Company Act. Additionally, no more than 20% of the entity’s assets may be comprised of miscellaneous assets.
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We will classify our assets for purposes of the Investment Company Act, including our 3(c)(5)(C) exclusion, in large measure upon no-action positions taken by the SEC staff in the past. These no-action positions were issued in accordance with factual situations that may be substantially different from the factual situations we may face, and a number of these no-action positions were issued more than ten years ago. No assurance can be given that the SEC staff will concur with our classification of our assets. In addition, the SEC staff may, in the future, issue further guidance that may require us to re-classify our assets for purposes of the Investment Company Act. If we are required to re-classify our assets, we may no longer be in compliance with the exclusion from the definition of an investment company provided by Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the Investment Company Act.
For purposes of determining whether we satisfy the 55%/80% tests, we will classify the assets in which we invest as follows:
| • | Real Property. Based on the no-action letters issued by the SEC staff, we will classify our fee interests in real properties as qualifying assets. In addition, based on no-action letters issued by the SEC staff, we will treat our investments in joint ventures, which in turn invest in qualifying assets such as real property, as qualifying assets only if we have the right to approve major decisions affecting the joint venture; otherwise, such investments will be classified as real estate-related assets. We expect that no less than 55% of our assets will consist of investments in real property, including any joint ventures that we control. |
| • | Securities. We intend to treat as real estate-related assets debt and equity securities of both non-majority owned publicly traded and private companies primarily engaged in real estate businesses, including REITs and other real estate operating companies, and securities issued by pass-through entities of which substantially all the assets consist of qualifying assets or real estate-related assets. |
| • | Loans. Based on the no-action letters issued by the SEC staff, we will classify our investments in various types of whole loans as qualifying assets, as long as the loans are “fully secured” by an interest in real estate at the time we originate or acquire the loan. However, we will consider loans with loan-to-value ratios in excess of 100% to be real estate-related assets. We will treat our mezzanine loan investments as qualifying assets so long as they are structured as “Tier 1” mezzanine loans in accordance with the guidance published by the SEC staff in a no-action letter that discusses the classifications of Tier 1 mezzanine loans under Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the Investment Company Act. |
We will classify our investments in construction loans as qualifying assets, as long as the loans are “fully secured” by an interest in real estate at the time we originate or acquire the loan. With respect to construction loans that are funded over time, we will consider the outstanding balance (i.e., the amount of the loan actually drawn) as a qualifying asset. The SEC staff has not issued no-action letters specifically addressing construction loans. If the SEC staff takes a position in the future that is contrary to our classification, we will modify our classification accordingly.
Consistent with no-action positions taken by the SEC staff, we will consider any participation in a whole mortgage loan, including B-Notes, to be a qualifying real estate asset only if: (1) we have a participation interest in a mortgage loan that is fully secured by real property; (2) we have the right to receive our proportionate share of the interest and the principal payments made on the loan by the borrower, and our returns on the loan are based on such payments; (3) we invest only after performing the same type of due diligence and credit underwriting procedures that we would perform if we were underwriting the underlying mortgage loan; (4) we have approval rights in connection with any material decisions pertaining to the administration and servicing of the loan and with respect to any material modification to the loan agreements; and (5) if the loan becomes non-performing, we have effective control over the remedies relating to the enforcement of the mortgage loan, including ultimate control of the foreclosure process, by having the right to: (a) appoint the special servicer to manage the resolution of the loan; (b) advise, direct or approve the actions of the special servicer; (c) terminate the special servicer at any time with or without cause; (d) cure the default so that the mortgage loan is no longer non-performing; and (e) purchase the senior loan at par plus accrued interest, thereby acquiring the entire mortgage loan.
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We will base our treatment of any other investments as qualifying assets and real estate-related assets on the characteristics of the underlying collateral and the particular type of loan (including whether we have foreclosure rights with respect to those securities or loans that have underlying real estate collateral) and we will make these determinations in a manner consistent with guidance issued by the SEC staff.
Qualification for exemption from registration under the Investment Company Act will limit our ability to make certain investments. For example, these restrictions may limit the ability of the company and its subsidiaries to invest directly in mortgage-related securities that represent less than the entire ownership in a pool of mortgage loans, debt and equity tranches of securitizations and certain asset-backed securities and real estate companies or in assets not related to real estate. Although we intend to monitor our portfolio, there can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain this exemption from registration for our company or each of our subsidiaries.
A change in the value of any of our assets could negatively affect our ability to maintain our exemption from regulation under the Investment Company Act. To maintain compliance with the Section 3(c)(5)(C) exclusion, we may be unable to sell assets we would otherwise want to sell and may need to sell assets we would otherwise wish to retain. In addition, we may have to acquire additional assets that we might not otherwise have acquired or may have to forego opportunities to acquire assets that we would otherwise want to acquire and would be important to our investment strategy.
To the extent that the SEC staff provides more specific guidance regarding any of the matters bearing upon the definition of investment company and the exceptions to that definition, we may be required to adjust our investment strategy accordingly. Additional guidance from the SEC staff could provide additional flexibility to us, or it could further inhibit our ability to pursue the investment strategy we have chosen.
If we are required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act, we would become subject to substantial regulation with respect to our capital structure (including our ability to use borrowings), management, operations, transactions with affiliated persons (as defined in the Investment Company Act), and portfolio composition, including restrictions with respect to diversification and industry concentration and other matters. Compliance with the Investment Company Act would, accordingly, limit our ability to make certain investments and require us to significantly restructure our business plan.
Change in Investment Objectives, Policies and Limitations
Our charter requires that our independent directors review our investment policies at least annually to determine that the policies we are following are in the best interests of our stockholders. Each determination and the basis therefor shall be set forth in the minutes of the meetings of our board of directors. Our investment policies and objectives and the methods of implementing our investment objectives and policies, except to the extent set forth in our charter, may be altered by a majority of our independent directors, including a majority of the independent directors, without approval of our stockholders.
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COMPETITION
The retail, lodging, office, industrial and residential real estate markets are highly competitive. We compete in all of our markets with other owners and operators of retail, lodging, office, industrial and residential real estate. The continued development of new retail, lodging, office, industrial and residential properties has intensified the competition among owners and operators of these types of real estate in many market areas in which we intend to operate. We compete based on a number of factors that include location, rental rates, security, suitability of the property’s design to prospective tenants’ needs and the manner in which the property is operated and marketed. The number of competing properties in a particular market could have a material effect on our occupancy levels, rental rates and on the operating expenses of certain of our properties.
In addition, we will compete with other entities engaged in real estate investment activities to locate suitable properties to acquire and to locate tenants and purchasers for our properties. These competitors will include other REITs, specialty finance companies, savings and loan associations, banks, mortgage bankers, insurance companies, mutual funds, institutional investors, investment banking firms, lenders, governmental bodies and other entities. There are also other REITs with asset acquisition objectives similar to ours and others may be organized in the future. Some of these competitors, including larger REITs, have substantially greater marketing and financial resources than we will have and generally may be able to accept more risk than we can prudently manage, including risks with respect to the creditworthiness of tenants. In addition, these same entities seek financing through similar channels to our company. Therefore, we will compete for institutional investors in a market where funds for real estate investment may decrease.
Competition from these and other third party real estate investors may limit the number of suitable investment opportunities available to us. It also may result in higher prices, lower yields and a narrower spread of yields over our borrowing costs, making it more difficult for us to acquire new investments on attractive terms. In addition, competition for desirable investments could delay the investment of proceeds from this offering in desirable assets, which may in turn reduce our earnings per share and negatively affect our ability to commence or maintain distributions to stockholders.
We believe that our senior management’s experience, coupled with our financing, professionalism, diversity of properties and reputation in the industry will enable us to compete with the other real estate investment companies.
Because we are organized as an UPREIT, we are well-positioned within the industries in which we intend to operate to offer existing owners the opportunity to contribute those properties to our company in tax-deferred transactions using our operating partnership units as transactional currency. As a result, we have a competitive advantage over most of our competitors that are structured as traditional REITs and non-REITs in pursuing acquisitions with tax-sensitive sellers.
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DESCRIPTION OF REAL ESTATE INVESTMENTS
Interior Design Building
On June 22, 2010, we, through an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of our operating partnership, acquired an office building known as the Interior Design Building located at 306 East 61st Street in Manhattan. The building caters to tenants in the interior design industry, including art and antique galleries, as well as furniture and lighting stores. The seller was Urban Development Partners (61), LLC. The seller has no material relationship with us and the acquisition is not an affiliated transaction.
The property is centrally located between Midtown and the Upper East Side in Manhattan which allows its tenants to serve a wide array of clientele, including affluent homeowners and decorators. It is situated in one of the wealthiest zip codes in the United States, including Manhattan’s Midtown East and Upper East Side neighborhoods. Numerous other buildings are located in the area offering similar spaces to similar tenants.
This acquisition consists of one fee simple property. The building has approximately 81,000 square feet on seven floors and is approximately 85% leased to 15 tenants. As of December 31, 2011, annualized rental income per square foot ranges from approximately $24.00 to $52.00 with a weighted average annual rental rate of $43.69 per square foot. No lease comprises more than 15.0% of the total rentable square feet. Lease maturities range from one to six years.
Capitalization
The contract purchase price for the property was $32.3 million, exclusive of acquisition costs, at a capitalization rate of 6.9% (calculated by dividing annualized rental income on a straight-line basis plus operating expense reimbursement less estimated annualized property operating costs by the base purchase price). A portion of the property acquisition was funded with: (a) an existing mortgage note of $14.2 million; (b) $8.9 million in proceeds from two bridge loans made by two unaffiliated entities (described below); and (c) $1.5 million in proceeds from a short-term advance from our sponsor (described below). The bridge loans made by the two unaffiliated entities each have an annual interest rate of 9.0%, are payable in six monthly installments of 16.67% of the original bridge loan amount, and were to have matured in January 2011. In 2010 the terms of the loan were renegotiated to require interest only payments and to mature in June 2012. The repayment of such bridge loans requires a 1% exit fee based on the original loan proceeds (or $89,000) payable upon the maturities of the respective loans and is prepayable at any time. The borrowings from our sponsor are interest-free and do not include fees typically charged for such short-term borrowings. The Company repaid the advance to our sponsor in full.
In November 2011, we, through a wholly owned subsidiary, entered into a loan agreement with New York Community Bank under which we borrowed $21.3 million. The new mortgage loan is evidenced by a promissory note secured by a mortgage on the Interior Design Building. We used a portion of the mortgage loan proceeds to defease the existing first mortgage loan, which had an outstanding principal balance of approximately $13.8 million. In connection with the defeasance, we incurred approximately $0.7 million in defeasance fees and related costs which will be reflected as a charge in our financial statements for the fourth fiscal quarter of 2011. The remaining mortgage loan proceeds will be used for working capital purposes.
The new mortgage loan will bear interest at a per annum fixed rate of 4.375% during the first five years and thereafter will adjust annually to prime plus a margin of 2.75%. The new mortgage loan will mature in December 2021. Payments of principal will be made on a 30-year amortization schedule, with all principal outstanding being repaid on the maturity date. The new mortgage loan is nonrecourse and may be accelerated only upon the event of a default. The new mortgage loan may be prepaid through defeasance. The new mortgage loan may be prepaid from time to time and at any time, in whole or in part, subject to a premium equal to: (i) 5% in respect of a prepayment made prior to November 2012; (ii) thereafter, 4% in respect of any prepayment made prior to November 2013; (iii) thereafter, 3% in respect of a prepayment made prior to November 2014; and (iv) thereafter, 1% in respect of a prepayment made prior to August 2016.
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Major Tenants/Lease Expiration
As of December 31, 2011, three tenants, an interior designer, an antique rug and custom carpet supplier and an antique dealer, occupied more than 10% of the rentable square footage of the building. The interior designer’s lease requires annualized rental income of approximately $472,000, expires in August 2016 and has no renewal option. The antique rug and custom carpet supplier’s lease requires annualized rental income of approximately $384,000, expires in September 2014 and has no renewal option. The antique dealer’s lease requires annualized rental income of approximately $425,000, expires in December 2017 and has no renewal option.
In March 2011, we re-negotiated the lease terms with one of our antiques showroom tenants, Rosselli 61st Street LLC. The new terms, effective April 2011, include a reduction in monthly rent and an increase in annual rent escalations. In addition, the guaranty underlying the tenant’s obligations under the lease was extended.
In June 2011, we negotiated the surrender and cancellation of two leases with an antique furniture and decorative objects supplier and its affiliate that, together, had formerly occupied more than 10% of the rentable square footage of the building. Together, the tenants’ leases had provided for a base rent of $470,197, plus the tenants’ proportionate share of storage, HVAC, and real estate taxes, for the yearly period ending October 31, 2011, on which date the leases were originally to expire. In connection with the surrender and cancellation of the leases, the tenants agreed to surrender the premises by June 20, 2011, and the Company wrote off approximately $25,000 in lost revenue for the period from January through June 2011. Had the leases not been cancelled, the Company would have expected to have received from such tenants an additional approximately $190,000 in revenue, which includes base rent, storage, HVAC and real estate taxes, for the period from July through October 2011. The Company is actively marketing the surrendered premises.
The table below describes the occupancy rate and the annualized rental income per rentable square foot as of December 31st for each of the last five years where such information is available:
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| | 2011 | | 2010 | | 2009 | | 2008 | | 2007 | | 2006 |
Occupancy rate | | | 85.4 | % | | | 100.00 | % | | | 100.00 | % | | | 98.46 | % | | | 100.00 | % | | | * | |
Annualized rental income per rentable square foot | | $ | 43.69 | (1) | | $ | 42.04 | (1) | | $ | 50.02 | | | $ | 46.19 | | | $ | 44.35 | | | | * | |
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| (1) | In 2010, we engaged an unaffiliated third-party real estate firm to remeasure the rental square footage of the Interior Design Building. Annualized rental income per square foot is based on the remeasured amounts. |
| * | The seller of the Interior Design Building was able to provide historical figures as far back as 2007, but was unresponsive to our requests for further information once the transaction was complete. |
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The table below sets forth the lease expiration information for each of the next ten years (annualized rental income in thousands):
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Year Ending December 31, | | Number of Leases Expiring | | Total Square Feet of Expiring Leases | | % of Leased Area Represented by Expiring Leases | | Annualized Rental Income Under Expiring Leases(1) | | % of Total Annualized Rental Income(1) Represented by Expiring Leases |
2012 | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
2013 | | | 1 | | | | 1,884 | | | | 2.7 | % | | | 86 | | | | 3.1 | % |
2014 | | | 4 | | | | 21,797 | | | | 31.5 | % | | | 720 | | | | 26.0 | % |
2015 | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
2016 | | | 5 | | | | 22,817 | | | | 32.9 | % | | | 934 | | | | 33.8 | % |
2017 | | | 5 | | | | 22,752 | | | | 32.9 | % | | | 1,027 | | | | 37.1 | % |
2018 | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
2019 | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
2020 | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
2021 | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
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| (1) | Annualized rental income as of December 31, 2011 on a straight-line basis, which includes tenant concessions such as free rent, as applicable. |
Other
We believe the property is suitable and adequate for its uses.
We are considering approximately $1 million of potential capital expenditures that may occur over the next 12 to 24 months.
We believe that this property is adequately insured.
The Federal tax basis and the rate of depreciation will be determined based upon the completion of cost allocation studies in connection with finalizing our 2010 Federal tax return.
The annual realty taxes payable on the Interior Design Building for the calendar year 2011 will be approximately $805,000, at a rate of 10.312%.
The following table sets forth for the Interior Design Building, as a material property in our portfolio and component thereof upon which depreciation is taken, the (i) tax basis for U.S. federal income tax purposes, (ii) method, and (iii) life claimed with respect to such property or component thereof for purposes of depreciation.
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Property | | Asset Description | | Federal Tax Basis | | Method(1) | | Life Claimed (years) |
Interior Design Building | | | Land | | | $ | 8,652,000 | | | | Not Applicable | | | | — | |
Interior Design Building | | | Building | | | $ | 20,844,000 | | | | Straight-line | | | | 39 | |
Interior Design Building | | | Land Improvements
| | | $ | 29,000 | | | | 1.5x Double Declining | | | | 15 | |
Interior Design Building | | | Furniture, Fixtures & Equipment | | | $ | 3,312,000 | | | | 2x Double Declining | | | | 5 | |
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Bleecker Street Portfolio
On December 1, 2010, we, through indirect and wholly owned subsidiaries of our operating partnership, acquired a portfolio of five retail condominiums in Manhattan, New York. The seller consisted of Bleecker Street Condo, LLC, 382/384 Bleecker, LLC, 382/384 Perry Retail, LLC and BCS 387, LLC. The seller has no material relationship with us and the acquisition was not an affiliated transaction.
The properties are held in fee simple and are located on Bleecker Street in Greenwich Village, consist of approximately 9,700 square feet, and are leased to the following five high-end fashion tenants: Marc Jacobs, Michael Kors, Burberry, Mulberry and APC. Numerous buildings are located in the area offering similar spaces to similar tenants.
Capitalization
The Company purchased the portfolio for a purchase price of $34.0 million, exclusive of acquisition related costs, at an average capitalization rate of 7.2% (calculated by dividing annualized rental income on a straight-line basis plus operating expense reimbursement less estimated annualized property operating costs by the base purchase price). The Company financed a portion of the purchase price with a five-year, $21.3 million mortgage note bearing a fixed interest rate of 4.29%, which an unaffiliated lender extended to a wholly owned subsidiary of our operating partnership. The mortgage requires monthly interest payments with the principal balance due on the maturity date in December 2015. The mortgage is nonrecourse and may be accelerated only upon the event of a default. The mortgage may be prepaid through defeasance. As the mortgage is interest only, it is not subject to amortization and the principal outstanding upon maturity will remain at $21.3 million.
In addition, the acquisition and closing costs were partially funded from funds received by the wholly owned subsidiary of our operating partnership from two joint venture partners and the Company. These joint venture partners, ARCT, an affiliate of the Company, and an unaffiliated third-party investor, provided $13.0 million of preferred equity proceeds. ARCT made an investment of $12.0 million and the unaffiliated third party made an investment in of $1.0 million. The preferred equity yield is between 6.85% and 7.00%. The balance of the purchase price and closing costs, which total $0.7 million, excluding the costs incurred related to securing the mortgage financing, was funded by New York Recovery Operating Partnership, L.P., our operating partnership. Although a party to the joint venture agreement, our operating partnership does not receive a preferred equity yield. We may redeem the equity interests of our operating partnership, ARCT or the unaffiliated third-party investor at their respective capital contribution plus any accrued yields, as applicable. The joint venture agreement provides the preferred equity investors with no voting rights and as such, we are responsible for day-to-day control over operating decisions of the properties.
Major Tenants/Lease Expiration
Each of the five tenants occupies 100% of the rentable square footage of the particular condominium that it leases.
The lease to Marc Jacobs has an annualized rental income of approximately $468,000 and expires in July 2017. The lease has one five-year renewal option at 95% of fair market rent, but in no event less than 90% of last paid rent.
The lease to Michael Kors has an annualized rental income of approximately $622,000 and expires in August 2022. The lease has one five-year renewal option at 95% percent of fair market rent.
The lease to Burberry has an annualized rental income of approximately $1,032,000 and expires in November 2020. The lease has two five-year renewal options at the greater of 95% percent of fair market rent and 103% last rent paid.
The lease to A.P.C. has an annualized rental income of approximately $138,000 and expires in June 2020. The lease has no renewal option.
The lease to Mulberry has an annualized rental income of approximately $293,000 and expires in May 2016. The lease has one five-year renewal option at 95% percent of fair market rent.
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Each of the leases provides for 3% annual rent increases. The five retail properties are ground-floor commercial condominium units with approximately 9,700 square feet situated in three buildings between West 11th and Charles Streets.
The table below describes the occupancy rate and the average effective annual rent per rentable square foot as of December 31st for each of the last five years where such information is available.
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| | 2011 | | 2010 | | 2009(1) | | 2008(1) | | 2007(1) | | 2006 |
Occupancy Rate | | | 100 | % | | | 100 | % | | | 100 | % | | | 100 | % | | | 100 | % | | | | (2) |
Average effective annual rent per rentable square foot | | $ | 234.63 | | | $ | 230.49 | | | $ | 87.22 | | | $ | 84.99 | | | $ | 83.91 | | | | | (2) |
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| (1) | Two of the five units were not separate condominiums prior to 2010. |
| (2) | None of the five units were not separate condominiums prior to 2007. |
Other
We believe the property is suitable and adequate for its uses.
We do not have any scheduled capital improvements.
We believe that this property is adequately insured.
The real estate taxes for the 2011/2012 tax year are as follows:
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| | | | Tax Amount | | Tax Rate |
367/369 Bleecker Street: COM | | | Burberry | | | $ | 27,199 | | | | 13.353 | % |
382/384 Bleecker Street: COM A & C | | | Marc Jacobs | | | $ | 19,843 | | | | 10.312 | % |
382/384 Bleecker Street: COM B | | | Michael Kors | | | $ | 16,595 | | | | 10.312 | % |
382/384 Bleecker Street: COM D | | | APC | | | $ | 7,335 | | | | 10.312 | % |
387 Bleecker Street: COM | | | Mulberry | | | $ | 3,407 | | | | 17.364 | % |
Taxes are billed quarterly in advance and have been paid through December 2011.
The Federal tax basis and the rate of depreciation will be determined based upon the completion of cost allocation studies in connection with finalizing our 2010 Federal tax return.
The following table sets forth for the Bleecker Street portfolio, as a material property in our portfolio and component thereof upon which depreciation is taken, the (i) tax basis for U.S. federal income tax purposes, (ii) method, and (iii) life claimed with respect to such property or component thereof for purposes of depreciation.
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Property | | Asset Description | | Federal Tax Basis | | Method | | Life Claimed (years) |
Bleeker | | | Buildings | | | $ | 29,683,000 | | | | Straight-line | | | | 39 | |
Bleeker | | | Furniture, Fixtures & Equipment | | | $ | 5,238,000 | | | | 2x Double Declining | | | | 7 | |
Foot Locker
On April 18, 2011, we, through an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of our operating partnership, acquired one fee simple property located at 2061-2063 86th Street in the Bensonhurst neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York. The seller was 2061 86th Street, LLC, an entity which has no material relationship with us and the acquisition was not an affiliated transaction.
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The property is located along the 86th Street corridor in the Bensonhurst neighborhood of Brooklyn. With a population of nearly 1.5 million within a five mile-radius of the property, this commercial corridor consists of independent businesses and national retailers with diverse retail offerings. Numerous buildings are located in the area offering similar spaces to similar tenants.
The retail facility is a three-story building with approximately 6,100 square feet of gross leasable area. The property is 100% leased to Foot Locker Retail, Inc., an athletic footwear and apparel retailer, at an annualized rental income per rentable square foot of $74.37. Based on publicly available information, Foot Locker Retail, Inc. is the 100% owned U.S. operating subsidiary of Foot Locker, Inc. (NYSE: FL), a leading global retailer of athletic footwear and apparel.
Capitalization
The contract purchase price for the property was approximately $6.17 million, exclusive of closing costs, at a capitalization rate of 7.4% (calculated by dividing annualized rental income on a straight-line basis plus operating expense reimbursement less estimated annualized property operating costs by the base purchase price). Pursuant to the terms of the purchase and sale agreement, our sponsor deposited $308,500 in escrow upon signing. We financed a portion of the acquisition of the property with a $3.25 million mortgage loan that a wholly owned subsidiary of our operating partnership received from Citibank Global Markets Realty Corp. The mortgage loan bears an interest rate of 4.51% and requires only monthly interest payments with the principal balance due on the maturity date in June 2016. The mortgage is nonrecourse and may be accelerated only upon the event of a default. The mortgage may be prepaid through defeasance. As the mortgage is interest only, it is not subject to amortization and the principal outstanding upon maturity will remain $3.25 million. At closing, the seller placed a reserve of approximately $19,100 in escrow to repair the roof, fire escape and cornice.
Major Tenant/Lease Expiration
The property has been 100% leased to Foot Locker Retail, Inc. since September 2009, with the tenant opening for business in November 2010 after completion of renovations on the Property. No occupancy rate information or information relating to the average effective annual rent per square foot for prior periods is available from the seller. The lease for the property has an initial term of 15 years and expires in January 2026, or in 14.1 years. The annualized rental income for the remaining term of the lease is approximately $455,000. The lease contains contractual rental escalations of 10% every three years. The lease is double net whereby the landlord is responsible for maintaining the roof and structure of the building and the tenant is required to pay substantially all other operating expenses, in addition to base rent. The lease provides for one renewal option of five years at a 10% annual rent increase followed by another 10% annual rent increase three years into the renewal term.
Other
We believe the property is suitable and adequate for its uses.
We do not have any scheduled capital improvements.
We believe the property is adequately insured.
The Federal tax basis and the rate of depreciation will be determined based upon the completion of cost allocation studies in connection with finalizing our 2011 Federal tax return.
The annual realty taxes payable on the property for the calendar year 2011 will be approximately $20,000, at a rate of 10.312%.
Regal Parking Garage
On June 30, 2011, we, through an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of our operating partnership, acquired one fee simple parking garage commercial condominium property located at 33 West 56th Street in the Midtown neighborhood of Manhattan, New York. The seller was MCP SO Strategic, 56, L.P., an entity which has no material relationship with us and the acquisition was not an affiliated transaction.
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The property is located at the base of the newly developed, luxury “Centurion Condominium” and consists of 12,856 square feet of gross leasable area encompassing 76 parking spaces. The property is 100% leased to Regal Car Park, LLC, a parking management company specializing in New York City. Numerous buildings are located in the area offering similar spaces to similar tenants.
Capitalization
The contract purchase price for the property was approximately $5.4 million, exclusive of closing costs, at a capitalization rate of 7.50% (calculated by dividing annualized rental income on a straight-line basis plus operating expense reimbursement less estimated annualized property operating costs by the base purchase price). Pursuant to the terms of the purchase and sale agreement, our sponsor deposited $270,000 in escrow upon signing. We financed a portion of the acquisition of the property with a $3.0 million mortgage loan that a wholly owned subsidiary of our operating partnership received from Citigroup Global Markets Realty Corp. The mortgage loan bears interest at a rate of 4.39% and requires only interest payments until its maturity date in July 2016. The mortgage loan is nonrecourse and may be accelerated only upon the event of a default. The mortgage loan may be prepaid through defeasance. As the mortgage loan is interest only, it is not subject to amortization and the principal outstanding upon maturity will remain $3.0 million.
Major Tenant/Lease Expiration
The property has been 100% leased to Regal Car Park, LLC since July 17, 2009, after completion of construction of the property in 2008. The average effective annual rent per square foot for 2010 was $26.06. No occupancy rate information and average effective annual rent per square foot for periods prior to July 17, 2009 is available from the seller. The lease for the property has a 25-year term expiring in July 2034, or in approximately 22.7 years. The tenant has no renewal options. The annualized rental income on a straight-line basis for the remaining term of the lease is approximately $405,000. The lease contains contractual rental escalations of 3% every two years. The lease is double net inasmuch as the landlord is responsible for maintaining the structure of the building and the tenant is required to pay all taxes and other operating expenses up to $150,000 yearly, in addition to base rent.
As security for the performance of its obligations under the lease, the tenant has deposited a security deposit with the landlord in the form of an unconditional, irrevocable letter of credit in the amount of $167,500. In addition, Mr. Richard Ull, the owner and operator of Regal Car Park, LLC, has guaranteed in full the tenant’s obligations under lease.
Other
We believe the property is suitable and adequate for its uses.
We do not have any scheduled capital improvements.
We believe the property is adequately insured.
The federal tax basis and the rate of depreciation will be determined based upon the completion of cost allocation studies in connection with finalizing the Company’s 2011 federal tax return.
As the property is part of a newly developed condominium building, the property is subject to a Section 421a tax abatement which will decrease at a rate of 20% every two years until the tenth anniversary of the commencement of the tax abatement, when the full property taxes become due. The annual realty taxes payable on the Property for the calendar year 2011 will be approximately $65,000, at a rate of 10.312%.
Duane Reade
On October 5, 2011, we, through an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of our operating partnership, acquired a freestanding fee simple Duane Reade pharmacy located at 163-30 Cross Bay Boulevard in the Howard Beach neighborhood of Queens, New York. The seller was 163-30 Cross Bay Boulevard, LLC. The seller has no material relationship with us and the acquisition is not an affiliated transaction.
With a population density of nearly 1.25 million within a five-mile radius of the property, the property is located in a commercial corridor containing restaurants, banks, retail stores, grocery stores and hotels, including national retailers. Numerous buildings are located in the area offering similar spaces to similar tenants.
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The property consists of a one-story building totaling approximately 9,767 rentable square feet that was built in 2008. The property is 100% leased to Duane Reade, which operates a chain of over 253 pharmacies in commercial and residential neighborhoods throughout New York. The current per annum rent is approximately $850,000 or $87.03 per rentable square foot. Duane Reade is a subsidiary of Walgreen Co. (NYSE: WAG), which purchased Duane Reade in 2010 to expand its reach into the greater New York area.
Capitalization
The contract purchase price for property was approximately $14.0 million, exclusive of closing costs, at a capitalization rate of 6.9% (calculated by dividing annualized rental income on a straight-line basis plus operating expense reimbursement less estimated annualized property operating costs by the base purchase price). Pursuant to the terms of the purchase and sale agreement, our sponsor deposited $700,000 into escrow upon signing, which was applied against the purchase price. We reimbursed our sponsor for the $700,000 that it advanced. We funded the acquisition, excluding acquisition costs, with (a) net proceeds from our ongoing offering of approximately $5.6 million and (b) an $8.4 million mortgage loan received, through our sponsor, from Sovereign Bank. The mortgage loan bears interest at a rate of 3.55% and requires only interest payments until its maturity date in November 2016, at which point the principal outstanding will remain $8.4 million.
Major Tenant/Lease Expiration
The property has been 100% leased to Duane Reade since October 2008, with the tenant opening for business in November 2008 after completion of construction. The lease for the property has an initial term of 20 years and expires in October 2028. The lease contains contractual rent escalations of 3% in year six and 12% in years 11 and 16. The lease provides for one 10-year renewal option at the lesser of 95% of fair market value and 112% of the prior year’s rent. The annualized rental income for the remaining term of the lease is approximately $960,000 or 98.29 per rentable square foot. The lease is triple net whereby Duane Reade is required to pay substantially all operating expenses, including all costs to maintain and repair the roof and structure of the building, and the cost of all capital expenditures, in addition to base rent. The tenant’s obligations under the lease are guaranteed by Walgreen Co.
The table below describes the occupancy rate and the average effective annual rent per rentable square foot as of December 31 for each of the last five years where such information is available:
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| | 2011 | | 2010 | | 2009 | | 2008(1) | | 2007(1) | | 2006(1) |
Occupancy rate | | | 100.00 | % | | | 100.00 | % | | | 100.00 | % | | | 100.00 | % | | | N/A | | | | N/A | |
Average effective annual rent per rentable square foot | | $ | 87.03 | | | $ | 87.03 | | | $ | 87.03 | | | $ | 87.03 | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | |
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| (1) | The tenant took possession of the property upon its completion in October 2008. Accordingly, no occupancy rate or average effective annual rent information is available for prior periods. |
Other
We believe the property is suitable and adequate for its uses.
We do not have any scheduled capital improvements.
We believe that this property is adequately insured.
The Federal tax basis, the rate and method of depreciation and the life claimed for purposes of depreciation will be determined based upon the completion of cost allocation studies in connection with finalizing our 2011 Federal tax return. The annual realty taxes payable on the property for the calendar year 2011 will be approximately $111,000, at a rate of 10.3%.
Walgreen Co. operates a chain of pharmacies in the United States. The pharmacies sell prescription and nonprescription drugs and general merchandise. Its general merchandise comprises household items, personal care, convenience foods, beauty care, photofinishing, candy, and seasonal items. The company provides its services through pharmacy counters, as well as through mail, telephone, and the Internet.
Walgreen Co. currently files its financial statements in reports filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, and the following summary financial data regarding Walgreen Co. are taken from such filings:
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| | Year Ended |
(Amounts in Millions) | | August 31, 2011 | | August 31, 2010 | | August 31, 2009 |
Consolidated Condensed Statements of Earnings
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net sales | | $ | 72,184 | | | $ | 67,420 | | | $ | 63,335 | |
Operating income | | | 4,365 | | | | 3,458 | | | | 3,247 | |
Net earnings | | | 2,714 | | | | 2,091 | | | | 2,006 | |
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| | August 31, 2011 | | August 31, 2010 | | August 31, 2009 |
Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total assets | | $ | 27,454 | | | $ | 26,275 | | | $ | 25,142 | |
Long-term debt | | | 2,396 | | | | 2,389 | | | | 2,336 | |
Total liabilities | | | 12,607 | | | | 11,875 | | | | 10,766 | |
Total stockholders’ equity | | | 14,847 | | | | 14,400 | | | | 14,376 | |
Washington Street Portfolio
On November 3, 2011, we, through an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of our operating partnership, acquired a portfolio of four retail condominiums located on 416-424 Washington Street in the Tribeca neighborhood of Manhattan, New York. The seller was AA Olympic, LLC. The seller has no material relationship with us and the acquisition is not an affiliated transaction.
Each condominium is a fee simple property consisting of one retail space, containing a total of approximately 24,000 square feet, including a 15,055 square foot parking garage and a 1,750 square foot storage basement. The condominiums are situated on the same block of Washington Street at its intersection with Laight Street. Annual rental rates currently range from approximately $25.72 to $61.31 per square foot with a weighted average annual rental rate of $40.35 per square foot. In addition, the wine store tenant’s month-to-month rental rate for basement storage space is $8.22 per square foot. Each lease comprises 100% of the total leasable space of the particular condominium leased. The four leases have maturities ranging from 2015 to 2030. Numerous buildings are located in the area offering similar spaces to similar tenants.
Capitalization
The contract purchase price for the portfolio was approximately $9.9 million, exclusive of closing costs, at a capitalization rate of 9.2% (calculated by dividing annualized rental income on a straight-line basis plus operating expense reimbursement less estimated annualized property operating costs by the base purchase price). Pursuant to the terms of the purchase and sale agreement, our sponsor deposited $690,000 into escrow upon signing, which was applied against the purchase price. We reimbursed our sponsor for the $690,000 that it advanced. We funded the acquisition, excluding acquisition costs, with (a) net proceeds from our ongoing offering of approximately $4.9 million and (b) a $5.0 million mortgage loan that an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of our operating partnership received from New York Community Bank. The mortgage loan bears interest at a per annum fixed rate of 4.375% during the first five years and thereafter will adjust annually to prime plus a margin of 2.75%. The mortgage loan will mature in December 2021. Payments of principal will be made on a 30-year amortization schedule, with all principal outstanding being repaid on the maturity date. The mortgage loan is nonrecourse and may be accelerated only upon the event of a default. The mortgage loan may be prepaid through defeasance. The mortgage loan may be prepaid from time to time and at any time, in whole or in part, subject to a premium equal to: (a) 5% in respect of a prepayment made prior to November 2012; (b) thereafter, 4% in respect of any prepayment made prior to November 2013; (c) thereafter, 3% in respect of a prepayment made prior to November 2014; and (d) thereafter, 1% in respect of a prepayment made prior to August 2016.
Major Tenants/Lease Expiration
Each condominium is leased to one of the following tenants: a parking garage, a wine shop, a men’s lifestyle club and a luxury condominium builder.
The lease to the parking garage is with respect to 15,055 square feet, has a per annum rent of $469,500 and expires in March 2030. The parking garage lease has 3% annual rent escalations. The lease has no
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renewal option. The garage’s per annum rent represents 56.9% of the gross annual rent of the Washington Street Portfolio. The tenant, a parking, transportation and car wash provider, supplies parking services in the New York area at locations in Manhattan, Brooklyn, Long Island and the Bronx.
The lease to the wine shop is with respect to 2,083 square feet, has a per annum rent of $127,706 and expires in March 2017. The wine shop lease has 3% annual rent escalations. The lease has one five-year renewal option at the greater of (a) 103% of the last year’s rent and (b) the fair market rent. The wine shop also rents 1,750 square feet of basement storage space at a per annum rent of $14,400, or $1,200 per month, on a month-to-month basis. There are no provisions relating to rent escalations or renewal options with respect to this portion of the lease. The wine shop’s total per annum rent represents 15.5% of the gross annual rent of the Washington Street Portfolio. The wine shop is a New York wine shop specializing in providing wine from small producers from Italy, France and California.
The lease to the men’s lifestyle club is with respect to 3,603 square feet, has a per annum rent of $187,802 and expires in December 2017. The men’s lifestyle club lease has 3% annual rent escalations. The lease has one five-year renewal option at an initial annual rent of $228,283 with increases of 3% per year. The men’s lifestyle club per annum rent represents 22.8% of the gross annual rent of the Washington Street Portfolio. The men’s lifestyle club offers haircuts, highlights, hair coloring, hair relaxing, manicures, pedicures, massages and shoe shines and repairs. Club amenities include a billiards lounge, clubroom, café and a display of art for sale.
The lease to the luxury condominium builder is with respect to 1,565 square feet, has a per annum rent of $40,248 and expires in September 2015. The luxury condominium builder lease has annual rent escalations, which vary due to certain rent abatements. The lease has five one-year renewal option with a 3% increase in the rent upon renewal and annual increases in rent of 3% thereafter. The luxury condominium builder’s per annum rent represents 4.9% of the gross annual rent of the Washington Street Portfolio. The luxury condominium builder is a real estate development company that focuses mainly on projects in the New York City metropolitan area.
The table below describes the occupancy rate and the average effective annual rent per rentable square foot as of December 31 for each of the last five years where such information is available:
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| | 2011 | | 2010 | | 2009 | | 2008 | | 2007 | | 2006 |
Occupancy rate | | | 100 | % | | | 100 | % | | | 93 | % | | | 93 | % | | | 77 | % | | | 67 | % |
Average effective annual rent per rentable square foot | | $ | 37.00 | | | $ | 34.17 | | | $ | 35.68 | | | $ | 34.64 | | | $ | 40.70 | | | $ | 137.66 | |
Other
We believe the property is suitable and adequate for its uses.
We do not have any scheduled capital improvements.
We believe that this property is adequately insured.
The Federal tax basis and the rate of depreciation will be determined based upon the completion of cost allocation studies in connection with finalizing our 2011 Federal tax return.
Based upon preliminary information provided by the seller with respect to the to-be-created condominium units, annual realty taxes payable on the property for the 2011/2012 tax year are estimated to be approximately $80,000, at a rate of 10.152%.
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One Jackson Square
On November 18, 2011, we, through an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of our operating partnership, acquired a portfolio of ten fee simple commercial condominiums located at 122 Greenwich Avenue in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Manhattan, New York. The seller is 122 Greenwich Avenue Owner, LLC. The seller has no material relationship with us and the acquisition is not an affiliated transaction.
The condominiums are situated at the base of a 30-unit luxury residential condominium building, built in 2009, known as “One Jackson Square,” at the intersection of Eighth Avenue and Greenwich Avenue that overlooks Jackson Square Park in Greenwich Village. The property’s location also borders the neighborhoods of Chelsea and the Meatpacking District. One Jackson Square was built to meet US Green Building Council LEED Silver certification standards. Numerous buildings are located in the same area offering similar spaces to our tenants.
The property consists of four retail units containing 7,080 rentable square feet in the aggregate. The property also includes four basement storage units of approximately 1,312 square feet in the aggregate which are non-rent-paying. The property as a whole contains approximately 8,392 square feet. The annualized rental income per square foot for the currently leased retail units is $259.35.
Capitalization
The contract purchase price for the property was approximately $22.5 million, exclusive of closing costs, at a capitalization rate of 6.2% (calculated by dividing annualized rental income on a straight-line basis plus operating expense reimbursements less estimated annualized property operating costs by the base purchase price). Pursuant to the terms of the purchase and sale agreement, our sponsor deposited $2.3 million into escrow upon signing, which was applied against the purchase price. We reimbursed our sponsor for the $2.3 million that it advanced. We funded the acquisition, excluding acquisition costs, with (a) net proceeds from our ongoing offering of approximately $9.5 million and (b) a $13.0 million mortgage loan that an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of our operating partnership received from Wells Fargo Bank, National Association. The mortgage loan bears interests at a floating rate that may be based on LIBOR or the prime rate, but, through the operating of an interest rate swap that we entered into with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, pursuant to the terms of the mortgage loan, the mortgage loan bears interest at a per annum fixed rate of 3.401%. The mortgage loan matures in December 2016 and provides for monthly interest-only payments, with all principal outstanding being repaid on the maturity date. It is nonrecourse and may be accelerated only upon the event of a default. The mortgage loan may be prepaid from time to time and at any time, in whole or in part, beginning in December 2013, provided that the mortgage loan may not be prepaid more than once per calendar year.
Major Tenants/Lease Expiration
Three of the four retail units, representing approximately 77.8% of the total retail space, are leased to two tenants — a Starbucks coffeehouse and a TD Bank branch. Each lease comprises 100% of the total leasable space of the particular condominium leased. We do not currently expect to lease the basement storage units.
The lease to the Starbucks coffeehouse is with respect to approximately 1,352 rentable square feet, has a per annum rent of $245,490 and expires in July 2021, with an option to terminate in 2016. The tenant under the lease is Starbucks Corporation. The Starbucks lease has a 10% rent escalation after five years. The lease has two five-year renewal options. The rent escalation for the first renewal option is to $296,940 per annum and for the second renewal option at the greater of $341,481 per annum and fair market value. The lease provides a one-time right of termination by the tenant upon a one-year notice on the 60th month of the lease, which includes payment of any outstanding brokerage commissions plus a fee of $120,000 at the time the notice is given. The annualized rental income for the remaining term of the lease is $250,298, or $185.13 per rentable square foot. The lease is double net whereby the landlord is responsible for maintaining the roof and structure of the building and the tenant is required to pay substantially all other operating expenses, in addition to base rent. The Starbucks lease represents 19.7% of the current gross annual rent of the property.
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The lease to the TD Bank, N.A. branch is with respect to two combined retail units comprising approximately 4,158 rentable square feet, has a per annum rent of $999,500 and expires in November 2030. The TD Bank lease has a 10% rent escalation every five years. The lease has two five-year renewal options at the greater of fair market value and the prior year’s rent. The annualized rental income for the remaining term of the lease is approximately $1.2 million or $283.47 per rentable square foot. The lease is double net whereby the landlord is responsible for maintaining the roof and structure of the building and the tenant is required to pay substantially all other operating expenses, in addition to base rent. The TD Bank lease represents 80.3% of the current gross annual rent of the property.
The table below describes the occupancy rate and the average effective annual rent per rentable square foot as of December 31 for each of the last five years where such information is available:
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| | 2011 | | 2010(1) | | 2009(1) | | 2008(2) | | 2007(2) | | 2006(2) |
Occupancy rate | | | 77.8 | % | | | 58.7 | % | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | |
Average effective annual rent per rentable square foot | | $ | 225.95 | | | $ | 240.38 | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | | | | N/A | |
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| (1) | TD Bank took possession of its leased space and rent commenced in November 2010. Starbucks took possession of its leased space in July 2011 and rent commenced in August 2011. |
| (2) | One Jackson Square was built in 2009. Accordingly, no occupancy rate or average effective annual rent information is available for prior periods. |
Other
We believe the condominiums are suitable and adequate for their respective uses.
We do not have any scheduled capital improvements.
We believe that this property is adequately insured.
The Federal tax basis, the rate and method of depreciation and the life claimed for purposes of depreciation will be determined based upon the completion of cost allocation studies in connection with finalizing our 2011 Federal tax return.
As the property is part of a condominium building that was developed in 2009, the property is subject to a Section 421a tax abatement which will decrease at a rate of 20% every two years until the tenth anniversary of the commencement of the tax abatement, when the full property taxes become due. The tax abatement is assumed to expire in the 2021/2022 tax year. The annual realty taxes payable on the property for the calendar year 2011 will be approximately $80,000, at a rate of 10.7%.
Starbucks Corporation (NASDAQ: SBUX) is the largest coffeehouse company in the world, operating in more than 50 countries. Starbucks purchases and roasts high-quality whole bean coffees and sells them, along with handcrafted coffee and tea beverages and a variety of fresh food items, through company-operated retail stores. Starbucks also sells coffee and tea products and licenses its trademarks through other channels such as licensed retail stores and, through certain of its licensees and equity investees, Starbucks produces and sells a variety of ready-to-drink beverages. Starbucks is headquartered in Seattle, Washington.
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Starbucks Corporation currently files its financial statements in reports filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, and the following summary financial data regarding Starbucks Corporation are taken from such filings:
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| | Year Ended |
(Amounts in Millions) | | October 2, 2011 | | October 3, 2010 | | September 27, 2009 |
Statement of Operations
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net revenues-operated retail | | $ | 9,632.4 | | | $ | 8,963.5 | | | $ | 8,180.1 | |
Total net revenues | | | 11,700.4 | | | | 10,707.4 | | | | 9,774.6 | |
Operating income | | | 1,728.5 | | | | 1,419.4 | | | | 562.0 | |
Earnings before income taxes | | | 1,811.1 | | | | 1,437.0 | | | | 559.9 | |
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| | October 2, 2011 | | October 3, 2010 | | September 27, 2009 |
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total assets | | $ | 7,360.4 | | | $ | 6,385.9 | | | $ | 5,576.8 | |
Long-term debt | | | 549.5 | | | | 549.4 | | | | 549.3 | |
Total liabilities | | | 2,973.1 | | | | 2,703.6 | | | | 2,519.9 | |
Total equity | | | 4,387.3 | | | | 3,682.3 | | | | 3,056.9 | |
TD Bank, N.A. is one of the ten largest commercial banks in the United States, with over 26,000 employees. TD Bank offers a broad array of retail, small business and commercial banking products and services to more than 7.4 million customers through its extensive network of thousands convenient locations throughout the Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, Metro D.C., the Carolinas and Florida. TD Bank is headquartered in Cherry Hill, New Jersey and Portland, Maine. TD Bank is a member of TD Bank Group and a subsidiary of The Toronto-Dominion Bank of Toronto, Canada, a top 10 financial services company in North America. The Toronto-Dominion Bank is one of the few banks in the world rated Aaa by Moody’s and its common stock trades on the New York Stock Exchange and Toronto Stock Exchanges under the ticker: TD.
The following summary financial data regarding TD Bank is derived entirely from information that is publicly available athttp://fdic.gov/bank/statistical/. While TD Bank currently files certain reports with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, such reports do not include financial data.
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| | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011 | | Year Ended |
(Amounts in Thousands) | | December 31, 2010 | | December 31, 2009 | | December 31, 2008 |
Statement of Operations
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest income | | $ | 3,710,761 | | | $ | 4,025,840 | | | $ | 3,030,853 | | | $ | 4,386,880 | |
Total noninterest income | | | 1,080,314 | | | | 1,374,528 | | | | 1,046,747 | | | | 3,182,804 | |
Net income attributable to bank | | | 602,130 | | | | 633,858 | | | | 31,297 | | | | 473,006 | |
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| | September 30, 2011 | | December 31, 2010 | | December 31, 2009 | | December 31, 2008 |
Balance Sheets
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total assets | | $ | 187,535,106 | | | $ | 168,748,912 | | | $ | 140,038,551 | | | $ | 101,632,075 | |
Subordinated debt | | | 491,816 | | | | 709,114 | | | | 668,208 | | | | 638,447 | |
Total liabilities | | | 159,434,031 | | | | 142,907,066 | | | | 117,537,086 | | | | 83,831,675 | |
Total equity capital | | | 28,101,075 | | | | 25,841,846 | | | | 22,501,465 | | | | 17,800,400 | |
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SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The selected financial data presented below has been derived from our consolidated financial statements as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and the year ended December 31, 2010 (in thousands):
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Balance Sheet Data: | | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011 | | Year Ended December 31, 2010 |
Assets:
| | | | | | | | |
Total real estate investments, net | | $ | 75,589 | | | $ | 66,573 | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | | 7,141 | | | | 349 | |
Restricted cash | | | 1,058 | | | | 760 | |
Due from affiliates, net | | | 489 | | | | 324 | |
Prepaid expenses and other assets | | | 4,881 | | | | 652 | |
Deferred financing costs, net | | | 2,316 | | | | 1,248 | |
Total assets | | | 91,474 | | | | 69,906 | |
Liabilities and Equity:
| | | | | | | | |
Mortgage notes payable | | | 41,422 | | | | 35,385 | |
Notes payable | | | 5,933 | | | | 5,933 | |
Below-market lease liabilities, net | | | 1,099 | | | | 1,288 | |
Derivatives, at fair value | | | 114 | | | | — | |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | | | 2,161 | | | | 2,842 | |
Deferred rent and other liabilities | | | 281 | | | | 202 | |
Distributions payable | | | 254 | | | | 131 | |
Total liabilities | | | 51,264 | | | | 45,781 | |
Total equity | | | 40,210 | | | | 24,125 | |
Total liabilities and equity | | | 91,474 | | | | 69,906 | |
Operating Data:
| | | | | | | | |
Total revenues | | | 5,200 | | | | 2,377 | |
Total operating expenses | | | 4,306 | | | | 3,179 | |
Operating income (loss) | | | 894 | | | | (802 | ) |
Total other expenses | | | (2,120 | ) | | | (1,069 | ) |
Net loss | | | (1,226 | ) | | | (1,871 | ) |
Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests | | | (129 | ) | | | 109 | |
Net loss attributable to stockholders | | | (1,355 | ) | | | (1,762 | ) |
Cash Flow Data:
| | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | | | 1,538 | | | | (1,234 | ) |
Net cash used in investing activities | | | (8,744 | ) | | | (52,029 | ) |
Net cash provided by financing activities | | | 13,998 | | | | 53,612 | |
We have sold 20,000 shares to New York Recovery Special Limited Partnership, LLC for an aggregate purchase price of $200,000. These proceeds were used to directly fund organization costs. See the section entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and our financial statements and related notes thereto, appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.
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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the accompanying financial statements of American Realty Capital New York Recovery REIT, Inc. and the notes thereto. As used herein, the terms “we,” “our” and “us” refer to American Realty Capital New York Recovery REIT, Inc., a Maryland corporation, and, as required by context, New York Recovery REIT Operating Partnership, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, which we refer to as the “OP” and to their subsidiaries. American Realty Capital New York Recovery REIT, Inc. is externally managed by New York Recovery Advisors, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, or the “Advisor.”
The financial statements of the Company included herein were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. The information furnished includes all adjustments and accruals of a normal recurring nature, which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation of results for the interim periods. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the entire year or any subsequent interim period.
Significant Accounting Estimates and Critical Accounting Policies
Set forth below is a summary of the significant accounting estimates and critical accounting policies that management believes are important to the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. Certain of our accounting estimates are particularly important for an understanding of our financial position and results of operations and require the application of significant judgment by our management. As a result, these estimates are subject to a degree of uncertainty. These significant accounting estimates and critical accounting policies include:
Revenue Recognition
Our revenues, which are derived primarily from rental income, include rents that each tenant pays in accordance with the terms of each lease reported on a straight-line basis over the initial term of the lease. Since many of our leases provide for rental increases at specified intervals, straight-line basis accounting requires us to record a receivable, and include in revenues, unbilled rent receivables that we will only receive if the tenant makes all rent payments required through the expiration of the initial term of the lease.
We continually review receivables related to rent and unbilled rent receivables and determine collectability by taking into consideration the tenant’s payment history, the financial condition of the tenant, business conditions in the industry in which the tenant operates and economic conditions in the area in which the property is located. In the event that the collectability of a receivable is in doubt, we record an increase in our allowance for uncollectible accounts or record a direct write-off of the receivable in our consolidated statements of operations.
Investments in Real Estate
Investments in real estate are recorded at cost. Improvements and replacements are capitalized when they extend the useful life of the asset. Costs of repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of up to 40 years for buildings, 15 years for land improvements, five to seven years for fixtures and the shorter of the useful life or the remaining lease term for tenant improvements and leasehold interests.
We are required to make subjective assessments as to the useful lives of our properties for purposes of determining the amount of depreciation to record on an annual basis with respect to our investments in real estate. These assessments have a direct impact on our net income because if we were to shorten the expected useful lives of our investments in real estate, we would depreciate these investments over fewer years, resulting in more depreciation expense and lower net income on an annual basis.
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We are required to present the operations related to properties that have been sold or properties that are intended to be sold as discontinued operations in the statement of operations for all periods presented. Properties that are intended to be sold are to be designated as “held for sale” on the balance sheet.
Long-lived assets are carried at cost and evaluated for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate such an evaluation is warranted or when they are designated as held for sale. Valuation of real estate is considered a “critical accounting estimate” because the evaluation of impairment and the determination of fair values involve a number of management assumptions relating to future economic events that could materially affect the determination of the ultimate value, and therefore, the carrying amounts of our real estate. Additionally, decisions regarding when a property should be classified as held for sale are also highly subjective and require significant management judgment.
Events or changes in circumstances that could cause an evaluation for impairment include the following:
| • | a significant decrease in the market price of a long-lived asset; |
| • | a significant adverse change in the extent or manner in which a long-lived asset is being used or in its physical condition; |
| • | a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate that could affect the value of a long-lived asset, including an adverse action or assessment by a regulator; |
| • | an accumulation of costs significantly in excess of the amount originally expected for the acquisition or construction of a long-lived asset; and |
| • | a current-period operating or cash flow loss combined with a history of operating or cash flow losses or a projection or forecast that demonstrates continuing losses associated with the use of a long-lived asset. |
We review our portfolio on an ongoing basis to evaluate the existence of any of the aforementioned events or changes in circumstances that would require us to test for recoverability. In general, our review of recoverability is based on an estimate of the future undiscounted cash flows, excluding interest charges, expected to result from the property’s use and eventual disposition. These estimates consider factors such as expected future operating income, market and other applicable trends and residual value expected, as well as the effects of leasing demand, competition and other factors. If impairment exists due to the inability to recover the carrying value of a property, an impairment loss is recorded to the extent that the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value of the property. We are required to make subjective assessments as to whether there are impairments in the values of our investments in real estate. These assessments have a direct impact on our net income because recording an impairment loss results in an immediate negative adjustment to net income.
Purchase Price Allocation
We allocate the purchase price of acquired properties to tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired based on their respective fair values. Tangible assets include land, land improvements, buildings, fixtures and tenant improvements on an as-if vacant basis. We utilize various estimates, processes and information to determine the as-if vacant property value. Estimates of value are made using customary methods, including data from appraisals, comparable sales, discounted cash flow analysis and other methods. Identifiable intangible assets include amounts allocated to acquire leases for above- and below-market lease rates, the value of in-place leases, and the value of customer relationships, as applicable.
Amounts allocated to land, land improvements, buildings and fixtures are based on cost segregation studies performed by independent third parties or on our analysis of comparable properties in our portfolio.
The aggregate value of intangible assets related to in-place leases is primarily the difference between the property valued with existing in-place leases adjusted to market rental rates and the property valued as if vacant. Factors considered by us in our analysis of the in-place lease intangibles include an estimate of carrying costs during the expected lease-up period for each property, taking into account current market conditions and costs to execute similar leases. In estimating carrying costs, we include real estate taxes,
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insurance and other operating expenses and estimates of lost rentals at market rates during the expected lease-up period, which typically ranges from six to 12 months. We also estimate costs to execute similar leases including leasing commissions, legal and other related expenses.
Above-market and below-market in-place lease values for owned properties are recorded based on the present value (using an interest rate which reflects the risks associated with the leases acquired) of the difference between the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to the in-place leases and management’s estimate of fair market lease rates for the corresponding in-place leases, measured over a period equal to the remaining non-cancelable term of the lease. The capitalized above-market lease intangibles are amortized as a decrease to rental income over the remaining term of the lease. The capitalized below-market lease values will be amortized as an increase to rental income over the remaining term and any fixed rate renewal periods provided within the respective leases. In determining the amortization period for below-market lease intangibles, we initially will consider, and periodically evaluate on a quarterly basis, the likelihood that a lessee will execute the renewal option. The likelihood that a lessee will execute the renewal option is determined by taking into consideration the tenant’s payment history, the financial condition of the tenant, business conditions in the industry in which the tenant operates and economic conditions in the area in which the property is located.
The aggregate value of intangibles assets related to customer relationship, as applicable, is measured based on our evaluation of the specific characteristics of each tenant’s lease and our overall relationship with the tenant. Characteristics considered by us in determining these values include the nature and extent of our existing business relationships with the tenant, growth prospects for developing new business with the tenant, the tenant’s credit quality and expectations of lease renewals, among other factors.
The value of in-place leases is amortized to expense over the initial term of the respective leases, which range primarily from two to 23 years. The value of customer relationship intangibles is amortized to expense over the initial term and any renewal periods in the respective leases, but in no event does the amortization period for intangible assets exceed the remaining depreciable life of the building. If a tenant terminates its lease, the unamortized portion of the in-place lease value and customer relationship intangibles is charged to expense.
In making estimates of fair values for purposes of allocating purchase price, we utilize a number of sources, including independent appraisals that may be obtained in connection with the acquisition or financing of the respective property and other market data. We also consider information obtained about each property as a result of our pre-acquisition due diligence, as well as subsequent marketing and leasing activities, in estimating the fair value of the tangible and intangible assets acquired and intangible liabilities assumed.
Derivative Instruments
We may use derivative financial instruments to hedge all or a portion of the interest rate risk associated with our borrowings. The principal objective of such agreements is to minimize the risks and/or costs associated with our operating and financial structure as well as to hedge specific anticipated transactions.
We record all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether we have elected to designate a derivative in a hedging relationship and apply hedge accounting and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability, or firm commitment attributable to a particular risk, such as interest rate risk, are considered fair value hedges. Derivatives designated and qualifying as a hedge of the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, or other types of forecasted transactions, are considered cash flow hedges. Derivatives may also be designated as hedges of the foreign currency exposure of a net investment in a foreign operation. Hedge accounting generally provides for the matching of the timing of gain or loss recognition on the hedging instrument with the recognition of the changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that is attributable to the hedged risk in a fair value hedge or the earnings effect of the hedged forecasted transactions in a cash flow hedge. We may enter into derivative contracts that are intended to economically hedge certain of our risk, even though hedge accounting does not apply or we elect not to apply hedge accounting.
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Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
Recently issued accounting pronouncements are described in Note 2 to the financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2010 filed with the SEC. There have been no significant changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2011 other than the updates below.
In January 2010, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) amended guidance to require a number of additional disclosures regarding fair value measurements. Specifically, the guidance revises two disclosure requirements concerning fair value measurements and clarifies two others. It requires separate presentation of significant transfers into and out of Levels 1 and 2 of the fair value hierarchy and disclosure of the reasons for such transfers. Also, it requires the presentation of purchases, sales, issuances and settlements within Level 3 on a gross basis rather than on a net basis. The amendments clarify that disclosures should be disaggregated by class of asset or liability and that disclosures about inputs and valuation techniques should be provided for both recurring and non-recurring fair value measurements. The adoption of the guidance related to Levels 1 and 2 were effective January 1, 2010, and did not have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations. The adoption of the guidance related to Level 3 was effective January 1, 2011, and did not have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.
In December 2010, the FASB updated its guidance related to goodwill, which affected all entities that have recognized goodwill and have one or more reporting units whose carrying amount for purposes of performing Step 1 of the goodwill impairment test is zero or negative. The guidance modifies Step 1 so that for those reporting units, an entity is required to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test if it is more likely than not that a goodwill impairment exists. In determining whether it is more likely than not that a goodwill impairment exists, an entity should consider whether there are any adverse qualitative factors indicating that an impairment may exist. The qualitative factors are consistent with existing guidance, which requires that goodwill of a reporting unit be tested for impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. This guidance was effective on January 1, 2011. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.
In December 2010, the FASB updated the guidance related to business combinations to address diversity in practice about the interpretation of the pro forma revenue and earnings disclosure requirements for business combinations. The amendment specifies that if a public entity presents comparative financial statements, the entity should disclose revenue and earnings of the combined entity as though the business combination(s) that occurred during the current year had occurred as of the beginning of the comparable prior annual reporting period only. The amendments also expand the supplemental pro forma disclosures to include a description of the nature and amount of material, non-recurring pro forma adjustments directly attributable to the business combination included in the reported pro forma revenue and earnings. The amendment affects any public entity, as defined, that enters into business combinations that are material on an individual or aggregate basis. This guidance was effective for acquisitions occurring on or after January 1, 2011. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact upon our financial position or results of operations.
In May 2011, FASB issued guidance that expands the existing disclosure requirements for fair value measurements, primarily for Level 3 measurements, which are measurements based on unobservable inputs such as our own data. This guidance is largely consistent with current fair value measurement principles with few exceptions that do not result in a change in general practice. The guidance will be applied prospectively and will be effective for interim and annual reporting periods ending after December 15, 2011. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.
In June 2011, the FASB issued guidance requiring entities to present items of net income and other comprehensive income either in one continuous statement — referred to as the statement of comprehensive income — or in two separate, but consecutive, statements of net income and other comprehensive income. The new guidance does not change which components of comprehensive income are recognized in net income or other comprehensive income, or when an item of other comprehensive income must be reclassified to net income. The guidance will be applied prospectively and will be effective for interim and annual reporting periods ending after December 15, 2011. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material
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impact on our financial position or results of operations but will change the location of the presentation of other comprehensive income to more closely associate the disclosure with net income.
In September 2011, the FASB issued guidance that allows entities to perform a qualitative analysis as the first step in determining whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If it is determined that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then a quantitative analysis for impairment is not required. The guidance is effective for interim and annual impairment tests for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2011. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.
Results of Operations
As of September 30, 2011, we owned eight properties which were approximately 89.2% leased on a weighted average basis. As of September 30, 2010, we owned one property, the Interior Design Building (“IDB”), which was purchased on June 21, 2010. Accordingly, our results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010 reflect significant increases in most categories.
Comparison of Three Months Ended September 30, 2011 to Three Months Ended September 30, 2010
Rental Income
Rental income increased $0.7 million to $1.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011, compared to $0.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2010. The increase in rental income was primarily driven by our acquisition of seven properties since September 30, 2010 for an aggregate base purchase price of $45.6 million, comprised of approximately 29,000 rentable square feet. These acquisitions accounted for an increase in rental income of approximately $0.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011. This increase is partially offset by a decrease in rental income related to IDB, due to lease terminations and amendments, resulting in a decrease in annualized rental income per rentable square foot at IDB to $43.15 as of September 30, 2011 from $47.05 as of September 30, 2010.
Operating Expense Reimbursement
Operating expense reimbursement was $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011, compared to $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2010. The increase in operating expense reimbursement revenue represents the portion of property real estate taxes and operating expenses which are reimbursable by tenants in the seven properties we have acquired since September 30, 2010. Operating expense reimbursement revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2010 related solely to IDB.
Property Operating Expenses
Property operating expenses were $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011, compared to $0.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2010. The decrease in property operating expenses primarily relates to the Advisor’s election to absorb a portion of real estate taxes, repairs, maintenance and insurance costs. This decrease was partially offset by an increase in property operating expenses associated with maintaining the seven properties we have acquired since September 30, 2010. Property operating expense for the three months ended September 30, 2010 related solely to IDB.
Operating Fees to Affiliates
Our affiliated Advisor and Property Manager are entitled to fees for the management of our properties. Our Advisor and Property Manager elected to waive these fees for the three months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010. For the three months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, we would have incurred aggregate asset management and property management fees of $0.2 million and $0.1 million, respectively, had the fees not been waived.
Acquisition and Transaction Related Expenses
Acquisition and transaction related expense increased to $46,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2011, compared to $40,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2010. Acquisition and transaction related expenses relate to costs associated with acquisitions and potential acquisitions.
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General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses of $0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, primarily related to board member fees and compensation.
Depreciation and Amortization Expense
Depreciation and amortization expense increased $0.6 million to $0.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011, compared to $0.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2010. The increase in depreciation and amortization expense related to the purchase of seven properties acquired since September 30, 2010 for an aggregate purchase price of $45.6 million as well as a write-off of an in-place lease intangible due to a lease termination at IDB. The purchase price of acquired properties is allocated to tangible and identifiable intangible assets and depreciated or amortized over the estimated useful lives.
Interest Expense
Interest expense increased by $0.4 million to $0.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011, compared to $0.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2010. The increase in interest expense primarily related to mortgage notes payable used to finance a portion of the seven properties acquired since September 30, 2010. We view these secured financing sources as an efficient and accretive means to acquire properties. Interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2010 related to notes payable and a mortgage note payable used to finance a portion of IDB purchased in June 2010.
Our interest expense in future periods will vary based on our level of future borrowings, which will depend on the level of proceeds raised in our offering, the cost of borrowings, and the opportunity to acquire real estate assets which meet our investment objectives.
Net Income Attributable to Non-Controlling Interests
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests of $27,000 during the three months ended September 30, 2011 represents a weighted average 6.99% of the net income, excluding depreciation and amortization, on our Bleecker Street portfolio that is related to non-controlling interest holders. There were no non-controlling interest arrangements for the three months ended September 30, 2010.
Comparison of Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011 to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2010
Rental Income
Rental income increased $3.7 million to $4.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011, compared to $1.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2010. The increase in rental income was primarily driven by our acquisition of seven properties for an aggregate base purchase price of $45.6 million, comprised of approximately 29,000 rentable square feet, since September 30, 2010. Rental income for the nine months ended September 30, 2010, related solely to IDB for the period it was held beginning in June 2010.
Operating Expense Reimbursement
Operating expense reimbursement increased $0.4 million to $0.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011, compared to $0.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2010. The increase in operating expense reimbursement revenue represents the portion of property real estate taxes and operating expenses which are reimbursable by tenants in the seven properties we have acquired since September 30, 2010. Operating expense reimbursement revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2010 related solely to IDB for the period it was held, beginning in June 2010.
Property Operating Expenses
Property operating expenses increased $0.6 million to $0.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011, compared to $0.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2010. The increase in costs primarily relates to the costs associated with maintaining the seven properties we have acquired since September 30, 2010. This increase was partially offset by the Advisor’s election to absorb a portion of real estate taxes, repairs, maintenance and insurance costs. Property operating expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2010 related solely to IDB for the period it was held, beginning in June 2010.
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Operating Fees to Affiliates
Our affiliated Advisor and Property Manager are entitled to fees for the management of our properties. Our Advisor and Property Manager elected to waive these fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010. For the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, we would have incurred aggregate asset management and property management fees of $0.5 million and $0.1 million, respectively, had the fees not been waived.
Acquisition and Transaction Related Expenses
Acquisition and transaction related expense increased approximately $0.4 million to $0.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011, compared to approximately $0.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2010. We acquired two properties for approximately $11.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2011 compared to one property for approximately $32.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2010.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses increased $0.1 million to $0.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011, compared to approximately $0.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2010 primarily due to increased board member fees and compensation. Board member fees and compensation began in September 2010, coinciding with our IPO.
Depreciation and Amortization Expense
Depreciation and amortization expenses increased $2.5 million to $2.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011, compared to $0.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2010. The increase in depreciation and amortization expense primarily related to the purchase of seven properties acquired since September 30, 2010 for an aggregate purchase price of $45.6 million as well as a write-off of an in-place lease intangible due to a lease termination at IDB. The purchase price of acquired properties is allocated to tangible and identifiable intangible assets and depreciated or amortized over the estimated useful lives.
Interest Expense
Interest expense increased by $1.6 million to $2.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011, compared to $0.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2010. The increase in interest expense is primarily related to mortgage notes payable used to finance a portion of the seven properties acquired since September 30, 2010. We view these secured financing sources as an efficient and accretive means to acquire properties. Interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2010 related to notes payable and mortgage notes payable used to finance a portion of IDB acquired in June 2010.
Our interest expense in future periods will vary based on our level of future borrowings, which will depend on the level of proceeds raised in our offering, the cost of borrowings, and the opportunity to acquire real estate assets which meet our investment objectives.
Net Income Attributable to Non-Controlling Interests
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests of $0.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2011 represents a weighted average 6.99% of the net income, excluding depreciation and amortization, on our Bleecker Street portfolio that is related to non-controlling interest holders. There were no non-controlling interest arrangements for the nine months ended September 30, 2010.
Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011
For the nine months ended September 30, 2011, net cash provided by operating activities was $1.5 million. The level of cash flows used in or provided by operating activities is affected by acquisition and transaction costs incurred, the timing of interest payments and the amount of borrowings outstanding during the period, as well as the receipt of scheduled rent payments. Cash flows provided by operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2011 was mainly due to net loss adjusted for non-cash items, which resulted in a cash inflow of $1.7 million (net loss of $1.4 million adjusted for depreciation and amortization of tangible and intangible real estate assets of $2.8 million, amortization of deferred financing costs of $0.3 million, net income to non-controlling interest holders of $0.1 million, amortization of restricted
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shares of $0.1 million less the net amortization related to market lease liabilities and assets of $0.2 million) as well as a combined increase in accounts payable, accrued expenses and deferred rent of $0.2 million. This cash inflow was partially offset by an increase in prepaid expenses and other assets of $0.4 million primarily due to prepaid real estate taxes and insurance.
Net cash used in investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2011 of $8.7 million primarily related to $5.3 million for the acquisition of the Foot Locker and Regal Parking Garage properties. The contract purchase price of $11.6 million for the properties was partially funded by mortgage notes payable of $6.3 million on the acquisition dates. Cash used in investing activities also included $3.2 million related to deposits for pending acquisitions and $0.3 million related to capital expenditures at IDB.
Net cash provided by financing activities of $14.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2011 related to proceeds, net of receivables, from the issuance of common stock of $25.0 million. This inflow was partially offset by payments related to offering costs of $7.1 million, distributions to stockholders of $1.4 million, distributions to non-controlling interest holders of $0.7 million, payments related to financing costs of $1.2 million, increases to restricted cash of $0.3 million, net payments to affiliated entities of $0.2 million and payments of mortgage notes payable of $0.2 million.
Cash paid for interest during the nine months ended September 30, 2011 was $1.2 million.
Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2010
During the nine months ended September 30, 2010, net cash provided by operating activities was $0.4 million. The level of cash flows provided by operating activities is affected by acquisition and transaction costs incurred, the timing of interest payments and the amount of borrowings outstanding during the period. It is also affected by the receipt of scheduled rent payments. Cash flows provided by operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2010 was mainly due to net loss adjusted for non-cash items, which resulted in a cash inflow of $0.1 million (net loss of $0.2 million adjusted for depreciation and amortization of tangible and intangible real estate assets of $0.3 million) as well as a combined increase in accounts payable, accrued expenses and deferred rent of $0.7 million. This cash inflow was partially offset by an increase in prepaid expenses and other assets of $0.4 million principally resulting from the prepayment of real estate taxes and insurance.
Net cash used in investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2010 was $18.5 million, relating to the acquisition of IDB completed in June 2010.
Net cash provided by financing activities of $18.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2010, primarily consisted of $14.6 million from the issuance of convertible preferred stock and $8.9 million of proceeds from notes payable, partially offset by $3.0 million of payments related to notes payable, an increase in restricted cash of $0.9 million, $0.6 million of payments related to offering costs, $0.3 million of distributions to convertible preferred stockholders and $0.1 million of payments of mortgage note payable.
Cash paid for interest during the nine months ended September 30, 2010 was $0.4 million.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our principal demands for funds will continue to be for property acquisitions, either directly or through investment interests, for the payment of operating expenses, distributions to our stockholders and non-controlling interest holders, and for the payment of principal and interest on our outstanding indebtedness. Generally, capital needs for property acquisitions will be met through net proceeds received from the sale of common stock through our public offering. We may also from time to time enter into other agreements with third parties whereby third parties will make equity investments in specific properties or groups of properties that we acquire. Expenditures other than property acquisitions and acquisition and transaction related costs are expected to be covered by cash flows from operations.
We expect to meet our future short-term operating liquidity requirements through a combination of net cash provided by our current property operations and the operations of properties to be acquired in the future and proceeds from the sale of common stock. Management expects that in the future, as our portfolio matures, our properties will cover operating expenses and the payment of our monthly distribution. Other potential
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future sources of capital include proceeds from secured or unsecured financings from banks or other lenders, proceeds from private offerings, proceeds from the sale of properties and undistributed funds from operations.
We expect to continue to raise capital through the sale of our common stock and to utilize the net proceeds from the sale of our common stock and proceeds from secured financings to complete future property acquisitions. As of September 30, 2011, we had 3.0 million shares of common stock outstanding, including unvested restricted shares and shares issued under the DRIP, for gross proceeds of approximately $28.8 million and approximately 2.0 million Preferred Shares for gross proceeds of approximately $17.0 million.
Our board of directors has adopted a share repurchase plan that enables our stockholders to sell their shares to us under limited circumstances. At the time a stockholder requests a redemption, we may, subject to certain conditions, redeem the shares presented for repurchase for cash at the applicable redemption price to the extent we have sufficient funds available to fund such purchase. As of September 30, 2011, no shares have been redeemed.
As of September 30, 2011, we had cash and cash equivalents of $7.1 million. We expect cash flows from operations and the sale of common stock to be used primarily to invest in additional real estate, pay debt service, pay operating expenses and pay stockholder distributions.
Acquisitions
Our Advisor evaluates potential acquisitions of real estate and real estate-related assets and engages in negotiations with sellers and borrowers on our behalf. Investors should be aware that after a purchase contract is executed that contains specific terms the property will not be purchased until the successful completion of due diligence and negotiation of final binding agreements. During this period, we may decide to temporarily invest any unused proceeds from common stock offerings in certain investments that could yield lower returns than the properties. These lower returns may affect our ability to make distributions.
Funds from Operations and Modified Funds from Operation
Due to certain unique operating characteristics of real estate companies, as discussed below, the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, Inc., (“NAREIT”), an industry trade group, has promulgated a measure known as funds from operations (“FFO”), which we believe to be an appropriate supplemental measure to reflect the operating performance of a REIT. The use of FFO is recommended by the REIT industry as a supplemental performance measure. FFO is not equivalent to net income or loss as determined under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”).
We define FFO, a non-GAAP measure, consistent with the standards established by the White Paper on FFO approved by the Board of Governors of NAREIT, as revised in February 2004 (the “White Paper”). The White Paper defines FFO as net income or loss computed in accordance with GAAP, excluding gains or losses from sales of property and asset impairment writedowns, plus depreciation and amortization, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. Adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures are calculated to reflect FFO. Our FFO calculation complies with NAREIT’s policy described above.
The historical accounting convention used for real estate assets requires depreciation of buildings and improvements, which implies that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time, especially if such assets are not adequately maintained or repaired and renovated as required by relevant circumstances or as requested or required by lessees for operational purposes in order to maintain the value disclosed. We believe that, since real estate values historically rise and fall with market conditions, including inflation, interest rates, the business cycle, unemployment and consumer spending, presentations of operating results for a REIT using historical accounting for depreciation may be less informative. Additionally, we believe it is appropriate to disregard impairment charges, as this is a fair value adjustment that is largely based on market fluctuations and assessments regarding general market conditions which can change over time. An asset will only be evaluated for impairment if certain impairment indications exist and if the carrying, or book value, exceeds the total estimated undiscounted future cash flows (including net rental and lease revenues, net proceeds on the sale of the property, and any other ancillary cash flows at a property or group level under GAAP) from such asset. Investors should note, however, that determinations of whether impairment charges
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have been incurred are based partly on anticipated operating performance, because estimated undiscounted future cash flows from a property, including estimated future net rental and lease revenues, net proceeds on the sale of the property, and certain other ancillary cash flows, are taken into account in determining whether an impairment charge has been incurred. While impairment charges are excluded from the calculation of FFO as described above, investors are cautioned that due to the fact that impairments are based on estimated future undiscounted cash flows and the relatively limited term of our operations, it could be difficult to recover any impairment charges.
Historical accounting for real estate involves the use of GAAP. Any other method of accounting for real estate such as the fair value method cannot be construed to be any more accurate or relevant than the comparable methodologies of real estate valuation found in GAAP. Nevertheless, we believe that the use of FFO, which excludes the impact of real estate related depreciation and amortization and impairments, provides a more complete understanding of our performance to investors and to management, and when compared year over year, reflects the impact on our operations from trends in occupancy rates, rental rates, operating costs, general and administrative expenses, and interest costs, which may not be immediately apparent from net income. However, FFO and modified funds from operations (“MFFO”), as described below, should not be construed to be more relevant or accurate than the current GAAP methodology in calculating net income or in its applicability in evaluating our operating performance. The method utilized to evaluate the value and performance of real estate under GAAP should be construed as a more relevant measure of operational performance and considered more prominently than the non-GAAP FFO and MFFO measures and the adjustments to GAAP in calculating FFO and MFFO.
Changes in the accounting and reporting promulgations under GAAP (for acquisition fees and expenses from a capitalization/depreciation model to an expensed-as-incurred model) that were put into effect in 2009 and other changes to GAAP accounting for real estate subsequent to the establishment of NAREIT’s definition of FFO have prompted an increase in cash-settled expenses, specifically acquisition fees and expenses for all industries as items that are expensed under GAAP, that are typically accounted for as operating expenses. Management believes these fees and expenses do not affect our overall long-term operating performance. Publicly registered, non-listed REITs typically have a significant amount of acquisition activity and are substantially more dynamic during their initial years of investment and operation. While other start up entities may also experience significant acquisition activity during their initial years, we believe that non-listed REITs are unique in that they have a limited life with targeted exit strategies within a relatively limited time frame after the acquisition activity ceases. As disclosed elsewhere in this prospectus, we use the proceeds raised in the IPO to acquire properties, and we intend to begin the process of achieving a liquidity event (i.e., listing of our common stock on a national exchange, a merger or sale of the company or another similar transaction) within three to five years of the completion of the IPO. Thus, we will not continuously purchase assets and will have a limited life. Due to the above factors and other unique features of publicly registered, non-listed REITs, the Investment Program Association (“IPA”), an industry trade group, has standardized a measure known as MFFO, which the IPA has recommended as a supplemental measure for publicly registered non-listed REITs and which we believe to be another appropriate supplemental measure to reflect the operating performance of a non-listed REIT having the characteristics described above. MFFO is not equivalent to our net income or loss as determined under GAAP, and MFFO may not be a useful measure of the impact of long-term operating performance on value if we do not continue to operate with a limited life and targeted exit strategy, as currently intended. We believe that, because MFFO excludes costs that we consider more reflective of investing activities and other non-operating items included in FFO and also excludes acquisition fees and expenses that affect our operations only in periods in which properties are acquired, MFFO can provide, on a going forward basis, an indication of the sustainability (that is, the capacity to continue to be maintained) of our operating performance after the period in which we are acquiring our properties and once our portfolio is in place. By providing MFFO, we believe we are presenting useful information that assists investors and analysts to better assess the sustainability of our operating performance after our IPO has been completed and our properties have been acquired. We also believe that MFFO is a recognized measure of sustainable operating performance by the non-listed REIT industry. Further, we believe MFFO is useful in comparing the sustainability of our operating performance after our IPO and acquisitions are completed with the sustainability of the operating performance of other real estate companies that are not as involved in acquisition activities. Investors are cautioned that MFFO should only be used to assess the sustainability of
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our operating performance after our IPO has been completed and properties have been acquired, as it excludes acquisition costs that have a negative effect on our operating performance during the periods in which properties are acquired.
We define MFFO, a non-GAAP measure, consistent with the IPA’s Guideline 2010-01, Supplemental Performance Measure for Publicly Registered, Non-Listed REITs: Modified Funds from Operations, or the Practice Guideline, issued by the IPA in November 2010. The Practice Guideline defines MFFO as FFO further adjusted for the following items, as applicable, included in the determination of GAAP net income: acquisition fees and expenses; amounts relating to deferred rent receivables and amortization of above and below market leases and liabilities (which are adjusted in order to reflect such payments from a GAAP accrual basis to a cash basis of disclosing the rent and lease payments); accretion of discounts and amortization of premiums on debt investments; mark-to-market adjustments included in net income; nonrecurring gains or losses included in net income from the extinguishment or sale of debt, hedges, foreign exchange, derivatives or securities holdings where trading of such holdings is not a fundamental attribute of the business plan, unrealized gains or losses resulting from consolidation from, or deconsolidation to, equity accounting, and after adjustments for consolidated and unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures, with such adjustments calculated to reflect MFFO on the same basis. The accretion of discounts and amortization of premiums on debt investments, nonrecurring unrealized gains and losses on hedges, foreign exchange, derivatives or securities holdings, unrealized gains and losses resulting from consolidations, as well as other listed cash flow adjustments are adjustments made to net income in calculating the cash flows provided by operating activities and, in some cases, reflect gains or losses which are unrealized and may not ultimately be realized. While we are responsible for managing interest rate, hedge and foreign exchange risk, we do retain an outside consultant to review all our hedging agreements. Inasmuch as interest rate hedges are not a fundamental part of our operations, we believe it is appropriate to exclude such non-recurring gains and losses in calculating MFFO, as such gains and losses are not reflective of ongoing operations.
Our MFFO calculation complies with the IPA’s Practice Guideline described above. In calculating MFFO, we exclude acquisition related expenses, amortization of above and below market leases, fair value adjustments of derivative financial instruments, deferred rent receivables and the adjustments of such items related to noncontrolling interests. Under GAAP, acquisition fees and expenses are characterized as operating expenses in determining operating net income. These expenses are paid in cash by us, and therefore such funds will not be available to distribute to investors. All paid and accrued acquisition fees and expenses negatively impact our operating performance during the period in which properties are acquired and will have negative effects on returns to investors, the potential for future distributions, and cash flows generated by us, unless earnings from operations or net sales proceeds from the disposition of other properties are generated to cover the purchase price of the property, these fees and expenses and other costs related to such property. Therefore, MFFO may not be an accurate indicator of our operating performance, especially during periods in which properties are being acquired. MFFO that excludes such costs and expenses would only be comparable to non-listed REITs that have completed their acquisition activities and have similar operating characteristics as us. Further, under GAAP, certain contemplated non-cash fair value and other non-cash adjustments are considered operating non-cash adjustments to net income in determining cash flow from operating activities. In addition, we view fair value adjustments of derivatives and gains and losses from dispositions of assets as non-recurring items or items which are unrealized and may not ultimately be realized, and which are not reflective of on-going operations and are therefore typically adjusted for when assessing operating performance. As disclosed elsewhere in this prospectus, the purchase of properties, and the corresponding expenses associated with that process, is a key operational feature of our business plan to generate operational income and cash flows in order to make distributions to investors. Acquisition fees and expenses will not be reimbursed by the advisor if there are no further proceeds from the sale of shares in this offering, and therefore such fees and expenses will need to be paid from either additional debt, operational earnings or cash flows, net proceeds from the sale of properties or from ancillary cash flows.
Our management uses MFFO and the adjustments used to calculate it in order to evaluate our performance against other non-listed REITs which have limited lives with short and defined acquisition periods and targeted exit strategies shortly thereafter. As noted above, MFFO may not be a useful measure of the impact of long-term operating performance on value if we do not continue to operate in this manner. We
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believe that our use of MFFO and the adjustments used to calculate it allow us to present our performance in a manner that reflects certain characteristics that are unique to non-listed REITs, such as their limited life, limited and defined acquisition period and targeted exit strategy, and hence that the use of such measures is useful to investors. For example, acquisition costs are funded from the proceeds of our IPO and other financing sources and not from operations. By excluding expensed acquisition costs, the use of MFFO provides information consistent with management’s analysis of the operating performance of the properties. Additionally, fair value adjustments, which are based on the impact of current market fluctuations and underlying assessments of general market conditions, but can also result from operational factors such as rental and occupancy rates, may not be directly related or attributable to our current operating performance. By excluding such changes that may reflect anticipated and unrealized gains or losses, we believe MFFO provides useful supplemental information.
Presentation of this information is intended to provide useful information to investors as they compare the operating performance of different REITs, although it should be noted that not all REITs calculate FFO and MFFO the same way, so comparisons with other REITs may not be meaningful. Furthermore, FFO and MFFO are not necessarily indicative of cash flow available to fund cash needs and should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss) or income (loss) from continuing operations as an indication of our performance, as an alternative to cash flows from operations as an indication of our liquidity, or indicative of funds available to fund our cash needs including our ability to make distributions to our stockholders. FFO and MFFO should be reviewed in conjunction with other GAAP measurements as an indication of our performance. MFFO has limitations as a performance measure in an offering such as ours where the price of a share of common stock is a stated value and there is no net asset value determination during the offering stage and for a period thereafter. MFFO is useful in assisting management and investors in assessing the sustainability of operating performance in future operating periods, and in particular, after the offering and acquisition stages are complete and net asset value is disclosed. FFO and MFFO are not useful measures in evaluating net asset value because impairments are taken into account in determining net asset value but not in determining FFO or MFFO.
Neither the SEC, NAREIT nor any other regulatory body has passed judgment on the acceptability of the adjustments that we use to calculate FFO or MFFO. In the future, the SEC, NAREIT or another regulatory body may decide to standardize the allowable adjustments across the non-listed REIT industry and we would have to adjust our calculation and characterization of FFO or MFFO.
The below table reflects the items deducted or added to net income (loss) in our calculation of FFO and MFFO for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 (in thousands). The table reflects MFFO in the IPA recommended format and MFFO without the straight-line rent adjustment which measure management also uses as a performance measure. Items are presented net of non-controlling interest portions where applicable:
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| | Three Months Ended September 30, 2011 | | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011 |
Net loss (in accordance with GAAP) | | $ | (205 | ) | | $ | (1,355 | ) |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 922 | | | | 2,800 | |
FFO | | | 717 | | | | 1,445 | |
Acquisition fees and expenses(1) | | | 47 | | | | 456 | |
Amortization of above or below market leases and liabilities(2) | | | (60 | ) | | | (170 | ) |
MFFO | | | 704 | | | | 1,731 | |
Straight-line rent(3) | | | (163 | ) | | | (365 | ) |
MFFO – IPA recommended format | | $ | 541 | | | $ | 1,366 | |
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| (1) | The purchase of properties, and the corresponding expenses associated with that process, is a key operational feature of our business plan to generate operational income and cash flows in order to make distributions to investors. In evaluating investments in real estate, management differentiates the costs to acquire the investment from the operations derived from the investment. Such information would be |
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| | comparable only for non-listed REITs that have completed their acquisition activity and have other similar operating characteristics. By excluding expensed acquisition costs, management believes MFFO provides useful supplemental information that is comparable for each type of real estate investment and is consistent with management’s analysis of the investing and operating performance of our properties. Acquisition fees and expenses include payments to our advisor or third parties. Acquisition fees and expenses under GAAP are considered operating expenses and as expenses included in the determination of net income and income from continuing operations, both of which are performance measures under GAAP. Such fees and expenses are paid in cash, and therefore such funds will not be available to distribute to investors. Such fees and expenses negatively impact our operating performance during the period in which properties are being acquired. Therefore, MFFO may not be an accurate indicator of our operating performance, especially during periods in which properties are being acquired. All paid and accrued acquisition fees and expenses will have negative effects on returns to investors, the potential for future distributions, and cash flows generated by us, unless earnings from operations or net sales proceeds from the disposition of properties are generated to cover the purchase price of the property, these fees and expenses and other costs related to the property. Acquisition fees and expenses will not be reimbursed by the advisor if there are no further proceeds from the sale of shares in this offering, and therefore such fees will need to be paid from either additional debt, operational earnings or cash flows, net proceeds from the sale of properties or from ancillary cash flows. |
| (2) | Under GAAP, certain intangibles are accounted for at cost and reviewed at least annually for impairment, and certain intangibles are assumed to diminish predictably in value over time and amortized, similar to depreciation and amortization of other real estate related assets that are excluded from FFO. However, because real estate values and market lease rates historically rise or fall with market conditions, management believes that by excluding charges relating to amortization of these intangibles, MFFO provides useful supplemental information on the performance of the real estate. |
| (3) | Under GAAP, rental receipts are allocated to periods using various methodologies. This may result in income recognition that is significantly different than underlying contract terms. By adjusting for these items (to reflect such payments from a GAAP accrual basis to a cash basis of disclosing the rent and lease payments), MFFO provides useful supplemental information on the realized economic impact of lease terms and debt investments, providing insight on the contractual cash flows of such lease terms and debt investments, and aligns results with management’s analysis of operating performance. |
Distributions
On September 22, 2010, our board of directors declared a distribution rate equal to a 6.05% annualized rate based on the offering price of $10.00 per share of our common stock, commencing December 1, 2010. The distributions are payable by the 5th day following each month end to stockholders of record at the close of business each day during the prior month at a rate of $0.00165753424 per day.
In conjunction with the private offering of the Series A convertible preferred stock, the board of directors declared, on a monthly basis, cumulative cash distributions at the rate of 8% per annum of the $9.00 liquidation preference per share (resulting in a distribution rate of 8.23% of the purchase price of the convertible preferred stock if the purchase price was $8.75 and a distribution rate of 8.47% the purchase price of the convertible preferred stock if the purchase price was $8.50). The distribution on each of our shares is cumulative from the first date on which such share was issued and we aggregate and pay the distributions monthly in arrears on or about the first business day of each month.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2011, distributions paid to common and preferred stockholders totaled $1.6 million, inclusive of approximately $0.2 million of the value of common stock issued under the DRIP. Distribution payments are dependent on the availability of funds. Our board of directors may reduce the amount of distributions paid or suspend distribution payments at any time and therefore distribution payments are not assured.
As of September 30, 2011, cash used to pay our distributions was primarily generated from property operating results and the sale of shares of common stock. We have continued to pay distributions to our stockholders each month since our initial distributions payment in April 2010. There is no assurance that we will continue to declare distributions at this rate.
The following table shows the sources for the payment of distributions to common and preferred stockholders for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 (in thousands):
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| | Three Months Ended September 30, 2011 | | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011 |
| | | | Percentage of Distributions | | | | Percentage of Distributions |
Distributions:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total distributions | | $ | 638 | | | | | | | $ | 1,550 | | | | | |
Distributions reinvested | | | (125 | ) | | | | | | | (193 | ) | | | | |
Distributions paid in cash | | $ | 513 | | | | | | | $ | 1,357 | | | | | |
Source of distributions:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash flows provided by operations(1) | | $ | 513 | | | | 100.0 | % | | $ | 1,357 | | | | 100.0 | % |
Proceeds from issuance of common stock | | | — | | | | — | % | | | — | | | | — | % |
Total sources of distributions | | $ | 513 | | | | 100.0 | % | | $ | 1,357 | | | | 100.0 | % |
Cash flows provided by operations (GAAP basis) | | $ | 1,126 | | | | | | | $ | 1,538 | | | | | |
Net loss (in accordance with GAAP) | | $ | (205 | ) | | | | | | $ | (1,355 | ) | | | | |
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| (1) | Cash flows provided by operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 included acquisition and transaction related expenses of $46,000 and $0.5 million, respectively. |
The following table compares cumulative distributions paid to cumulative net loss (in accordance with GAAP) for the period from October 6, 2009 (date of inception) through September 30, 2011 (in thousands):
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| | For the Period from October 6, 2009 (date of inception) to September 30, 2011 |
Distributions paid:
| | | | |
Preferred stockholders | | $ | 1,746 | |
Common stockholders in cash | | | 295 | |
Common stockholders pursuant to DRIP | | | 193 | |
Total distributions paid | | $ | 2,234 | |
Reconciliation of net loss:
| | | | |
Revenues | | $ | 7,577 | |
Acquisition and transaction-related expenses | | | (1,881 | ) |
Depreciation and amortization | | | (3,840 | ) |
Other operating expense | | | (1,765 | ) |
Other non-operating expense | | | (3,189 | ) |
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests | | | (20 | ) |
Net loss (in accordance with GAAP)(1) | | $ | (3,118 | ) |
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| (1) | Net loss as defined by GAAP includes the non-cash impact of depreciation and amortization expense as well as costs incurred relating to acquisitions and related transactions. |
Loan Obligations
The payment terms of our loan obligations require principal and interest amounts payable monthly with all unpaid principal and interest due at maturity. Our loan agreements stipulate that we comply with specific reporting covenants. As of September 30, 2011, we were in compliance with the debt covenants under our loan agreements.
Our Advisor may, with the approval of our independent directors, seek to borrow short-term capital that, combined with secured mortgage financing, exceeds our targeted leverage ratio. Such short-term borrowings may be obtained from third parties on a case-by-case basis as acquisition opportunities present themselves simultaneous with our capital raising efforts. We view the use of short-term borrowings as an efficient and accretive means of acquiring real estate in advance of raising equity capital. Accordingly, we can take
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advantage of buying opportunities as we expand our fundraising activities. As additional equity capital is obtained, these short-term borrowings will be repaid. Our leverage ratio approximated 53.2% (secured mortgage notes payable as a percentage of total real estate investments, at cost) as of September 30, 2011.
Contractual Obligations
The following is a summary of our contractual obligations as of September 30, 2011 (in thousands):
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| | Total | | October 1, 2011 to December 31, 2011 | | Years Ended December 31, | | Thereafter |
| | | | | | 2012 – 2013 | | 2014 – 2015 | | |
Principal Payments Due: | |
Mortgage notes payable | | $ | 41,422 | | | $ | 75 | | | $ | 13,797 | | | $ | 21,300 | | | $ | 6,250 | |
Other notes payable(1) | | | 5,933 | | | | — | | | | 5,933 | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | $ | 47,355 | | | $ | 75 | | | $ | 19,730 | | | $ | 21,300 | | | $ | 6,250 | |
Interest Payments Due:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Mortgage notes payable | | $ | 6,196 | | | $ | 522 | | | $ | 3,210 | | | $ | 2,336 | | | $ | 128 | |
Other notes payable(1) | | | 464 | | | | 136 | | | | 328 | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | $ | 6,660 | | | $ | 658 | | | $ | 3,538 | | | $ | 2,336 | | | $ | 128 | |
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| (1) | The note holders had the option, but did not elect, to demand payment of 50% of the principal balance on July 15, 2011. |
Election as a REIT
We elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2010. If we continue to qualify for taxation as a REIT, we generally will not be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax to the extent of our REIT taxable income we distribute to our stockholders, so long as we annually distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (which does not equal net income, as calculated in accordance with GAAP), determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gain. REITs are subject to a number of other organizational and operational requirements. Even if we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we may be subject to certain U.S. federal, state and local taxes on our income and property, and U.S. federal income and excise taxes on our undistributed income. We believe we are organized and operated in such a manner as to continue to qualify to be taxed as a REIT.
Inflation
Some of our leases contain provisions designed to mitigate the adverse impact of inflation. These provisions generally increase rental rates during the terms of the leases either at fixed rates or indexed escalations (based on the Consumer Price Index or other measures). We may be adversely impacted by inflation on the leases that do not contain indexed escalation provisions. In addition, our net leases require the tenant to pay its allocable share of operating expenses, which may include common area maintenance costs, real estate taxes and insurance. This may reduce our exposure to increases in costs and operating expenses resulting from inflation.
Related-Party Transactions and Agreements
We have entered into agreements with American Realty Capital III, LLC and its wholly-owned affiliates whereby we pay certain fees or reimbursements to our Advisor or its affiliates in connection with acquisition and financing activities, sales of common and preferred stock, asset and property management services and reimbursement of operating and offering-related costs. See Note 11 — Related Party Transactions and Arrangements to our consolidated financial statements included in this report for a discussion of the various related-party transactions, agreements and fees.
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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to investors.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
The market risk associated with financial instruments and derivative financial instruments is the risk of loss from adverse changes in market prices or rates. Our interest rate risk management objectives with respect to our long-term debt will be to limit the impact of interest rate changes in earnings and cash flows and to lower our overall borrowing costs. To achieve these objectives, from time to time, we may enter into interest rate hedge contracts such as swaps, collars, and treasury lock agreements in order to mitigate our interest rate risk with respect to various debt instruments. We would not hold or issue these derivative contracts for trading or speculative purposes. We do not anticipate having any foreign operations and thus we do not expect to be exposed to foreign currency fluctuations.
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PRIOR PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
Prior Investment Programs
The information presented in this section represents the historical experience of the real estate programs managed or sponsored over the last ten years by Messrs. Schorsch and Kahane. Investors should not assume that they will experience returns, if any, comparable to those experienced by investors in such prior real estate programs. The prior performance of real estate investment programs sponsored by affiliates of Messrs. Schorsch and Kahane and our advisor may not be indicative of our future results. For an additional description of this risk, see “Risk Factors — Risks Related to an Investment in American Realty Capital New York Recovery REIT, Inc. — We have a very limited operating history and have no established financing sources, and the prior performance of other real estate investment programs sponsored by affiliates of our advisor may not be an indication of our future results.” The information summarized below is current as of December 31, 2010 and is set forth in greater detail in the Prior Performance Tables included in this prospectus. In addition, we will provide upon request to us and without charge, a copy of the most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, by any public program within the last 24 months, and for a reasonable fee, a copy of the exhibits filed with such Annual Report.
We intend to conduct this offering in conjunction with future offerings by one or more public and private real estate entities sponsored by American Realty Capital and its affiliates. To the extent that such entities have the same or similar objectives as ours or involve similar or nearby properties, such entities may be in competition with the properties acquired by us. See the section titled “Conflicts of Interest” in this prospectus for additional information.
Summary Information
During the period from August 2007 (inception of the first public program) to December 31, 2010, affiliates of our advisor have sponsored nine public programs, of which three programs have raised public funds to date, and five non-public programs with similar investment objectives to our program. From August 2007 (inception of the first public program) to December 31, 2010, our public programs which have raised public funds to date, including ARCT, the Company, and PE-ARC, and the programs consolidated into ARCT, which were ARC Income Properties II, LLC and all of the Section 1031 Exchange Programs in existence as of December 31, 2010 described below, had raised $612.7 million from 15,633 investors in public offerings and an additional $65.3 million from 205 investors in a private offering by ARC Income Properties II, LLC and 45 investors in private offerings by the Section 1031 Exchange Programs. The public programs purchased 268 properties with an aggregate purchase price of $972.7 million, including acquisition fees, in 39 states and U.S. territories.
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The following table details the percentage of properties by state based on purchase price:
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State/Possession | | Purchase Price % |
Alabama | | | 1.3 | % |
Arizona | | | 0.8 | % |
Arkansas | | | 1.2 | % |
California | | | 10.8 | % |
Colorado | | | 0.4 | % |
Florida | | | 4.5 | % |
Georgia | | | 2.9 | % |
Illinois | | | 4.1 | % |
Indiana | | | 1.3 | % |
Iowa | | | 0.4 | % |
Kansas | | | 3.6 | % |
Kentucky | | | 3.1 | % |
Louisiana | | | 1.3 | % |
Maine | | | 0.4 | % |
Massachusetts | | | 3.7 | % |
Michigan | | | 1.2 | % |
Minnesota | | | 1.2 | % |
Mississippi | | | 0.8 | % |
Missouri | | | 3.8 | % |
Nebraska | | | 0.2 | % |
Nevada | | | 0.3 | % |
New Jersey | | | 3.6 | % |
New Mexico | | | 0.4 | % |
New York | | | 11.1 | % |
North Carolina | | | 1.4 | % |
North Dakota | | | 0.6 | % |
Ohio | | | 2.7 | % |
Oklahoma | | | 1.3 | % |
Oregon | | | 0.5 | % |
Pennsylvania | | | 8.7 | % |
Puerto Rico | | | 3.3 | % |
South Carolina | | | 1.2 | % |
South Dakota | | | 0.3 | % |
Tennessee | | | 0.4 | % |
Texas | | | 8.6 | % |
Utah | | | 3.5 | % |
Virginia | | | 1.1 | % |
Washington | | | 0.3 | % |
West Virginia | | | 3.7 | % |
| | | 100 | % |
The properties are all commercial properties comprised of 25.8% freight and distribution facilities, 23.4% retail pharmacies, 14.5% retail bank branches, 6.2% restaurants, 5.8% discount and specialty retail, 4.5% supermarkets and supermarket anchored shopping centers, 4.3% auto services, 3.6% fashion retail, 3.4% home maintenance, 3.4% office/showroom, 2.7% gas/convenience and 2.6% healthcare, based on purchase price. The purchased properties were 36.0% new and 64.0% used, based on purchase price. None of the purchased properties were construction properties. As of December 31, 2010, one property had been sold. The acquired properties were purchased with a combination of proceeds from the issuance of common stock, the issuance
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of convertible preferred stock, mortgage notes payable, short-term notes payable, revolving lines of credit, long-term notes payable issued in private placements and joint venture arrangements.
During the period from June 2008 (inception of the first non-public program) to December 31, 2010, our non-public programs, which were ARC Income Properties, LLC, ARC Income Properties II, LLC, ARC Income Properties III, LLC, ARC Income Properties IV, LLC and ARC Growth Fund, LLC, had raised $54.3 million from 694 investors. The non-public programs purchased 171 properties with an aggregate purchase price of $247.9 million, including acquisition fees, in 18 states.
The following table details the percentage of properties by state based on purchase price:
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State location | | Purchase Price % |
Alabama | | | 0.1 | % |
Connecticut | | | 0.6 | % |
Delaware | | | 4.8 | % |
Florida | | | 11.0 | % |
Georgia | | | 3.5 | % |
Illinois | | | 6.6 | % |
Louisiana | | | 2.3 | % |
Michigan | | | 11.5 | % |
North Carolina | | | 0.1 | % |
New Hampshire | | | 0.5 | % |
New Jersey | | | 13.0 | % |
New York | | | 9.7 | % |
Ohio | | | 10.3 | % |
Pennsylvania | | | 9.5 | % |
South Carolina | | | 8.4 | % |
Texas | | | 5.0 | % |
Virginia | | | 1.2 | % |
Vermont | | | 2.2 | % |
| | | 100 | % |
The properties are all commercial single tenant facilities with 81.0% retail banking and 10.5% retail distribution facilities and 8.6% specialty retail. The purchased properties were 11.0% new and 89.0% used, based on purchase price. None of the purchased properties were construction properties. As of December 31, 2010, 53 properties had been sold. The acquired properties were purchased with a combination of equity investments, mortgage notes payable and long term notes payable issued in private placements.
The investment objectives of these programs are different from our investment objectives, which aim to acquire high-quality commercial real estate in the New York MSA, and, in particular, in New York City.
For a more detailed description, please see Table VI in Part II of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. In addition, we will provide upon request to us and without charge, the more detailed information in Part II.
Programs of Our Sponsor
American Realty Capital Trust, Inc.
American Realty Capital Trust, Inc., or ARCT, a Maryland corporation, is the first publicly offered REIT sponsored by American Realty Capital. ARCT was incorporated on August 17, 2007, and qualified as a REIT beginning with the taxable year ended December 31, 2008. ARCT commenced its initial public offering of 150.0 million shares of common stock on January 25, 2008. As of December 31, 2011, ARCT had received aggregate gross offering proceeds of approximately $1.7 billion from the sale of approximately 171.9 million shares in its initial public offering. On August 5, 2010, ARCT filed a registration statement on Form S-11 to register 32.5 million shares of common stock in connection with a follow-on offering. ARCT’s initial public
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offering was originally set to expire on January 25, 2011, three years after its effective date. However, as permitted by Rule 415 of the Securities Act, ARCT was permitted to continue its initial public offering until July 25, 2011. On July 7, 2011 ARCT had sold all of the 150.0 million shares that were registered in connection with the initial public offering and as permitted, began to sell the remaining 25.0 million shares that were initially registered for ARCT’s distribution reinvestment plan. On July 11, 2011, ARCT filed a request to withdraw the registration of the additional 32.5 million shares, and on July 15, 2011, ARCT filed a registration statement on Form S-3 to register an additional 24.0 million shares to be used in connection with its distribution reinvestment plan. As of December 31, 2011, ARCT had acquired 482 properties, primarily comprised of free standing, single-tenant retail and commercial properties that are net leased to investment grade and other creditworthy tenants. As of December 31, 2011, ARCT had total real estate investments, at cost, of approximately $2.1 billion. ARCT intends to liquidate each real property investment eight to ten years from the date purchased. As of September 30, 2011, ARCT had incurred, cumulatively to that date, $194.3 million in offering costs, commissions and dealer manager fees for the sale of its common stock and $36.4 million for acquisition costs related to its portfolio of properties.
Phillips Edison — ARC Shopping Center REIT Inc.
Phillips Edison — ARC Shopping Center REIT Inc., or PE-ARC, a Maryland corporation, is the third publicly offered REIT sponsored by American Realty Capital. PE-ARC was incorporated on October 13, 2009, and qualified as a REIT beginning with the taxable year ending December 31, 2010. PE-ARC filed its registration statement with the SEC on January 13, 2010 and became effective on August 12, 2010. PE-ARC invests primarily in necessity-based neighborhood and community shopping centers throughout the United States with a focus on well-located grocery-anchored shopping centers that are well occupied at the time of purchase and typically cost less than $20.0 million per property. As of December 31, 2011, PE-ARC had received aggregate gross offering proceeds of $25.1 million from the sale of 2.7 million shares in its public offering. As of December 31, 2011, PE-ARC had acquired six commercial properties and had total real estate investments at cost of $63.0 million. As of September 30, 2011, PE-ARC had incurred, cumulatively to that date, approximately $7.1 million in offering costs for the sale of its common stock and $0.7 million for acquisition costs related to its portfolio of properties.
American Realty Capital Healthcare Trust, Inc.
American Realty Capital Healthcare Trust, Inc., or ARC HT, a Maryland corporation, is the fourth publicly offered REIT sponsored by American Realty Capital. ARC HT was incorporated on August 23, 2010 and intends to qualify as a REIT beginning with the taxable year ending December 31, 2011. ARC HT filed its registration statement with the SEC on August 27, 2010 and the registration statement became effective on February 18, 2011. As of December 31, 2011, ARC HT had received aggregate gross offering proceeds of approximately $69.1 million from the sale of approximately 7.0 million shares in its public offering. As of December 31, 2011, ARC HT had acquired 12 commercial properties for a purchase price of approximately $164.5 million. As of September 30, 2011, ARC HT had incurred, cumulatively to that date, approximately $7.0 million in offering costs for the sale of its common stock and $1.3 million for acquisition costs related to its portfolio of properties.
American Realty Capital — Retail Centers of America, Inc.
American Realty Capital — Retail Centers of America, Inc., or ARC RCA, a Maryland corporation, is the fifth publicly offered REIT sponsored by American Realty Capital. ARC RCA was incorporated on July 29, 2010 and intends to qualify as a REIT beginning with the taxable year ending December 31, 2011. ARC RCA filed its registration statement with the SEC on September 14, 2010 and the registration statement became effective on March 17, 2011. As of December 31, 2011, ARC RCA had not raised any money in connection with the sale of its common stock nor had it acquired any properties.
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American Realty Capital Daily Net Asset Value Trust, Inc.
American Realty Capital Daily Net Asset Value Trust, Inc. (formerly known as American Realty Capital Trust II, Inc.), or ARC Daily NAV, a Maryland corporation, is the sixth publicly offered REIT sponsored by American Realty Capital. ARC Daily NAV was incorporated on September 10, 2010 and intends to qualify as a REIT beginning with the taxable year ending December 31, 2011. ARC Daily NAV filed its registration statement with the SEC on October 8, 2010 and the registration statement became effective on August 15, 2011. As of January 5, 2012, ARC Daily NAV had received aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $2.2 million from the sale of 0.2 million shares in its public offering. As of January 5, 2012, ARC Daily NAV had acquired two properties and had total real estate investments, at cost, of $1.7 million.
ARC — Northcliffe Income Properties, Inc.
ARC — Northcliffe Income Properties, Inc., or ARC — Northcliffe, a Maryland corporation, was the seventh publicly offered REIT sponsored by American Realty Capital. ARC — Northcliffe was incorporated on September 29, 2010 and filed its registration statement with the SEC on October 12, 2010, which was not declared effective by the SEC by the time ARC — Northcliffe withdrew its registration statement on October 27, 2011.
American Realty Capital Trust III, Inc.
American Realty Capital Trust III, Inc., or ARCT III, a Maryland corporation, is the eighth publicly offered REIT sponsored by American Realty Capital. ARCT III was incorporated on October 15, 2010 and intends to qualify as a REIT beginning with the taxable year ending December 31, 2011. ARCT III filed its registration statement with the SEC on November 2, 2010 and the registration statement became effective on March 31, 2011. As of December 31, 2011, ARCT III had received aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $102.4 million from the sale of 10.3 million shares in its public offering. As of December 31, 2011, ARCT III owned 41 single tenant, free standing properties and had total real estate investments, at cost, of $72.5 million. As of September 30, 2011, ARCT III had incurred, cumulatively to that date, approximately $7.1 million in offering costs for the sale of its common stock and approximately $0.4 million for acquisition costs related to its portfolio of properties.
American Realty Capital Properties, Inc.
American Realty Capital Properties, Inc., or ARCP, a Maryland corporation, is the ninth publicly offered REIT sponsored by American Realty Capital. ARCP was incorporated on December 2, 2010 and intends to qualify as a REIT beginning with the taxable year ending December 31, 2011. ARCP filed its registration statement with the SEC on February 11, 2011. The registration statement was declared effective by the SEC on July 7, 2011. On September 6, 2011, ARCP completed its initial public offering of approximately 5.6 million shares of common stock for net proceeds of approximately $66.0 million. ARCP’s common stock is traded on The NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “ARCP.” On September 22, 2011, ARCP filed its registration statement with the SEC in connection with an underwritten follow-on offering of 1.5 million shares of its common stock. On November 2, 2011, ARCP completed its secondary offering of 1.5 million shares of common stock for net proceeds of approximately $14.4 million. In addition, on November 7, 2011, ARCP closed on the underwriters’ overallotment option of an additional 0.1 million shares of common stock for net proceeds of approximately $0.7 million. As of December 31, 2011, ARCP owned 90 single tenant, free standing properties and real estate investments, at a purchase price of approximately $148.6 million.
American Realty Capital Global Daily Net Asset Value Trust, Inc.
American Realty Capital Global Daily Net Asset Value Trust, Inc., or ARC Global DNAV, a Maryland corporation, is the tenth publicly offered REIT sponsored by American Realty Capital. ARC Global DNAV was incorporated on July 13, 2011, and intends to qualify as a REIT beginning with the taxable year ending December 31, 2011. ARC Global DNAV filed its registration statement with the SEC on October 27, 2011. The registration statement has not been declared effective by the SEC. As of December 31, 2011, ARC Global DNAV had not raised any money in connection with the sale of its common stock nor had it acquired any properties.
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Business Development Corporation of America
The American Realty Capital group of companies also has sponsored Business Development Corporation of America, or Business Development Corporation, a Maryland corporation. Business Development Corporation was organized on May 5, 2010 and is a publicly offered specialty finance company which has elected to be treated as a business development company under the Investment Company Act of 1940. As of December 31, 2011, Business Development Corporation had raised gross proceeds of $9.0 million from the sale of 0.9 million shares in its public offering. As of December 31, 2011, Business Development Corporation’s investments, at cost, were $14.3 million.
Liquidity of Public Programs
FINRA Rule 2310(b)(3)(D) requires that we disclose the liquidity of prior public programs sponsored by American Realty Capital, our sponsor. American Realty Capital has sponsored the following other public programs: ARCT, PE-ARC, ARC HT, ARC RCA, ARC Daily NAV, ARCT III, ARCP, ARC Global DNAV and Business Development Corporation. Although the prospectus for each of these public programs states a date or time period by which it may be liquidated, NYRR, PE-ARC, ARC HT, ARC RCA, ARC Daily NAV, ARCT III and Business Development Corporation are in their offering and acquisition stages. ARC Global DNAV is in the development phase. ARCT closed its initial offering and is in its acquisition stage; ARCP closed its initial offering, is in its offering stage for its follow-on offering and is in its acquisition stage. None of these public programs have reached the stated date or time period by which they may be liquidated.
Private Note Programs
ARC Income Properties, LLC implemented a note program that raised aggregate gross proceeds of $19.5 million. The net proceeds were used to acquire, and pay related expenses in connection with, a portfolio of 65 bank branch properties triple-net leased to RBS Citizens, N.A. and Citizens Bank of Pennsylvania. The purchase price for those bank branch properties also was funded with proceeds received from mortgage loans, as well as equity capital invested by AR Capital, LLC. Such properties contain approximately 323,000 square feet with a purchase price of approximately $98.8 million. The properties are triple-net leased for a primary term of five years and include extension provisions. The notes issued under this note program by ARC Income Properties, LLC were sold by our dealer manager through participating broker-dealers. On September 7, 2011, the note holders were repaid, the properties were contributed to ARCP as part of its formation transaction, and the mortgage loans were repaid.
ARC Income Properties II, LLC implemented a note program that raised aggregate gross proceeds of $13.0 million. The net proceeds were used to acquire, and pay related expenses in connection with, a portfolio of 50 bank branch properties triple-net leased to PNC Bank. The purchase price for the portfolio of bank branch properties also was funded with proceeds received from a mortgage loan, as well as equity capital raised by ARCT in connection with its public offering of equity securities. The properties are triple-net leased with a primary term of ten years with a 10% rent increase after five years. The notes issued under this note program by ARC Income Properties II, LLC were sold by our dealer manager through participating broker-dealers. In May 2011, the notes were repaid in full including accrued interest and the program was closed.
ARC Income Properties III, LLC implemented a note program that raised aggregate gross proceeds of $11.2 million. The net proceeds were used to acquire, and pay related expenses in connection with, the acquisition of a distribution facility triple-net leased to Home Depot. The purchase price for the property was also funded with proceeds received from a mortgage loan. The property has a primary lease term of twenty years which commenced on January 30, 2010 with a 2% escalation each year. The notes issued under this note program by ARC Income Properties III, LLC were sold by our dealer manager through participating broker-dealers. On September 7, 2011, the note holders were repaid and the property was contributed to ARCP as part of its formation transaction.
ARC Income Properties IV, LLC implemented a note program that raised proceeds of $5.4 million. The proceeds were used to acquire and pay related expenses in connection with the acquisition of six Tractor Supply stores. An existing mortgage loan of $16.5 million was assumed in connection with the acquisition. The properties had a remaining average lease term of 11.8 years with a 6.25% rental escalation every five years. The notes issued under this program by ARC Income Properties IV, LLC were sold by Realty Capital Securities through participating broker-dealers.
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ARC Growth Fund, LLC
ARC Growth Fund, LLC is a non-public real estate program formed to acquire vacant bank branch properties and opportunistically sell such properties, either while vacant or subsequent to leasing the bank branch to a financial institution or other third-party tenant. Total gross proceeds of approximately $7.9 million were used to acquire, and pay related expenses in connection with, a portfolio of vacant bank branches. The purchase price of the properties also was funded with proceeds received from a one-year revolving warehouse facility. The purchase price for each bank branch is derived from a formulated price contract entered into with a financial institution. During the period from July 2008 to January 2009, ARC Growth Fund, LLC acquired 54 vacant bank branches from Wachovia Bank, N.A., in nine separate transactions. Such properties contain approximately 230,000 square feet with a gross purchase price of approximately $63.6 million. As of December 31, 2010, all properties were sold, 28 of which were acquired and simultaneously sold, resulting in an aggregate gain of approximately $4.8 million.
Section 1031 Exchange Programs
American Realty Capital Exchange, LLC, or ARCX, an affiliate of American Realty Capital, developed a program pursuant to which persons selling real estate held for investment can reinvest the proceeds of that sale in another real estate investment in an effort to obtain favorable tax treatment under Section 1031 of the Code, or a Section 1031 Exchange Program. ARCX acquires real estate to be owned in co-tenancy arrangements with persons desiring to engage in such like-kind exchanges. ARCX acquires the subject property or portfolio of properties and, either concurrently with or following such acquisition, prepares and markets a private placement memorandum for the sale of co-tenancy interests in that property. ARCX has engaged in four Section 1031 Exchange Programs raising aggregate gross proceeds of $10,080,802.
American Realty Capital Operating Partnership, L.P., an affiliate of American Realty Capital, purchased a Walgreens property in Sealy, TX under a tenant in common structure with an unaffiliated third party. The third party’s investment of $1.1 million represented a 44.0% ownership interest in the property. The remaining interest of 56% will be retained by American Realty Capital Operating Partnership, L.P. To date, $1,100,000 has been accepted by American Realty Capital Operating Partnership, L.P. pursuant to this program.
American Realty Capital Operating Partnership, L.P. previously had transferred 49% of its ownership interest in a Federal Express distribution facility, located in Snowshoe, Pennsylvania, and a PNC Bank branch, located in Palm Coast, Florida, to American Realty Capital DST I, or ARC DST I, a Section 1031 Exchange Program. Realty Capital Securities, LLC, our dealer manager, has offered membership interests of up to 49%, or $2,567,000, in ARC DST I to investors in a private offering. The remaining interests of no less than 51% will be retained by American Realty Capital Operating Partnership, L.P. To date, cash payments of $2,567,000 have been accepted by American Realty Capital Operating Partnership, L.P. pursuant to this program.
American Realty Capital Operating Partnership, L.P. also has transferred 35.2% of its ownership interest in a PNC Bank branch, located in Pompano Beach, Florida, to American Realty Capital DST II, or ARC DST II, a Section 1031 Exchange Program. Realty Capital Securities, our dealer manager, has offered membership interests of 35.2%, or $493,802, in ARC DST II to investors in a private offering. The remaining interests of no less than 64.8% will be retained by American Realty Capital Operating Partnership, L.P. To date, cash payments of $493,802 have been accepted by American Realty Capital Operating Partnership, L.P pursuant to this program.
American Realty Capital Operating Partnership, L.P. also has transferred 49% of its ownership interest in three CVS properties, located in Smyrna, Georgia, Chicago, Illinois and Visalia, California, to American Realty Capital DST III, or ARC DST III, a Section 1031 Exchange Program. Realty Capital Securities, our dealer manager, has offered membership interests of up to 49%, or $3,050,000, in ARC DST III to investors in a private offering. The remaining interests of no less than 51% will be retained by American Realty Capital Operating Partnership, L.P. To date, cash payments of $3,050,000 have been accepted by American Realty Capital Operating Partnership, L.P. pursuant to this program.
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American Realty Capital Operating Partnership, L.P. has transferred 49% of its ownership interest in six Bridgestone Firestone properties, located in Texas and New Mexico, to American Realty Capital DST IV, or ARC DST IV, a Section 1031 Exchange Program. Realty Capital Securities, our dealer manager, has offered membership interests of up to 49%, or $7,294,000, in ARC DST IV to investors in a private offering. The remaining interests of no less than 51% will be retained by American Realty Capital Operating Partnership, L.P. To date, cash payments of $7,294,000 have been accepted by American Realty Capital Operating Partnership, L.P. pursuant to this program.
American Realty Capital Operating Partnership, L.P. also has sold 24.9% of its ownership interest in a Jared Jewelry property located in Lake Grove, NY, under a tenant-in-common structure with an unaffiliated third party. The remaining interest of 75.1% will be retained by American Realty Capital Operating Partnership, L.P. To date, cash payments of $575,000 have been accepted by American Realty Capital Operating Partnership, L.P. pursuant to this program.
Other Investment Programs of Mr. Schorsch and Mr. Kahane
American Realty Capital, LLC
American Realty Capital, LLC began acquiring properties in December 2006. During the period of January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2007 American Realty Capital, LLC acquired 73 property portfolios, totaling just over 1,767,000 gross leasable square feet for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $407.5 million. These properties included a mixture of tenants, including Hy Vee supermarkets, CVS, Rite Aid, Walgreens, Harleysville bank branches, Logan’s Roadhouse Restaurants, Tractor Supply Company, Shop N Save, FedEx, Dollar General and Bridgestone Firestone. The underlying leases within these acquisitions ranged from 10 to 25 years before any tenant termination rights, with a dollar-weighted-average lease term of approximately 21 years based on rental revenue. During the period of April 1, 2007 through October 20, 2009, American Realty Capital, LLC sold nine properties: four Walgreens drug stores, four Logan’s Roadhouse Restaurants and one CVS pharmacy for total sales proceeds of $50.2 million.
American Realty Capital, LLC has operated in three capacities: as a joint-venture partner, as a sole investor and as an advisor. No money was raised from investors in connection with the properties acquired by American Realty Capital, LLC. All American Realty Capital, LLC transactions were done with the equity of the principals or joint-venture partners of American Realty Capital, LLC. In instances where American Realty Capital, LLC was not an investor in the transaction, but rather solely an advisor, American Realty Capital, LLC typically performed the following advisory services:
| • | identified potential properties for acquisition; |
| • | negotiated letters of intent and purchase and sale contracts; |
| • | performed due diligence; |
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Information on properties and leasehold interests acquired by American Realty Capital, LLC during the 12 months ended December 31, 2007 (dollar amounts in thousands):
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Tenant-Location | | Investment Structure | | Date | | Number of Buildings | | Gross Leasable Space | | Mortgage Financing | | Purchase Price(1) |
Hy Vee – Cedar Rapids, IA | | | ARC-JV | | | | December-06 | | | | 1 | | | | 86,240 | | | $ | 11,622 | | | $ | 13,167 | |
Hy Vee – W. Des Moines, IA | | | ARC-JV | | | | December-06 | | | | 1 | | | | 79,634 | | | | 10,375 | | | | 11,777 | |
Hy Vee – W. Des Moines, IA | | | ARC-JV | | | | December-06 | | | | 1 | | | | 80,194 | | | | 12,085 | | | | 13,669 | |
Hy Vee – Columbus, NE | | | ARC-JV | | | | December-06 | | | | 1 | | | | 77,667 | | | | 9,243 | | | | 10,506 | |
Hy Vee – Olathe, KS | | | ARC-JV | | | | December-06 | | | | 1 | | | | 71,312 | | | | 11,203 | | | | 12,698 | |
Walgreens – Natchez, MS | | | ARC-JV | | | | December-06 | | | | 1 | | | | 14,820 | | | | 3,910 | | | | 4,568 | |
CVS – Vero Beach, FL | | | ARC-JV | | | | December-06 | | | | 1 | | | | 413,747 | | | | 29,750 | | | | 33,891 | |
Walgreens – Loganville, GA | | | ARC-JV | | | | December-06 | | | | 1 | | | | 14,490 | | | | 5,610 | | | | 6,563 | |
CVS – Chester, NY | | | ARC-JV | | | | December-06 | | | | 1 | | | | 15,521 | | | | 6,029 | | | | 7,015 | |
Rite Aid – Shelby Township, MI | | | ARC-ADVISOR | | | | December-06 | | | | 1 | | | | 11,180 | | | | 3,086 | | | | 3,928 | |
Rite Aid – Coldwater, MI | | | ARC-ADVISOR | | | | December-06 | | | | 1 | | | | 11,180 | | | | 2,657 | | | | 3,308 | |
Walgreens – New Castle, PA | | | ARC-JV | | | | January-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 14,280 | | | | 4,780 | | | | 5,476 | |
Walgreens – Holland, MI | | | ARC-JV | | | | January-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 14,658 | | | | 5,968 | | | | 6,939 | |
Walgreens – Guynabo, PR | | | ARC-ADVISOR | | | | January-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 15,750 | | | | 9,700 | | | | 11,145 | |
Eckerd – McDonough, GA | | | ARC-ADVISOR | | | | January-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 13,824 | | | | 3,500 | | | | 4,466 | |
Rite Aid – New Philadelphia, OH | | | ARC-JV | | | | February-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 11,157 | | | | 4,528 | | | | 5,553 | |
Walgreens – Clarence, NY | | | ARC-JV | | | | February-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 14,820 | | | | 4,114 | | | | 4,639 | |
Walgreens – Carolina, PR | | | ARC-ADVISOR | | | | March-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 15,660 | | | | 8,100 | | | | 9,409 | |
Logan’s Roadhouse Portfolio – Various Locations | | | ARC-JV | | | | April-07 | | | | 15 | | | | 119,331 | | | | 45,200 | | | | 58,788 | |
Walgreens – Windham, ME | | | ARC-JV | | | | April-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 14,820 | | | | 6,596 | | | | 7,392 | |
Tractor Supply Co. – Carthage, TX | | | ARC-JV | | | | May-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 19,097 | | | | 2,192 | | | | 2,657 | |
CVS – Douglasville, GA | | | ARC-JV | | | | May-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 14,574 | | | | 4,420 | | | | 5,008 | |
Rite Aid – Flatwoods, KY | | | ARC-JV | | | | June-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 11,154 | | | | 3,600 | | | | 4,380 | |
Shop N Save – Moline Acres, MO | | | ARC-JV | | | | June-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 51,538 | | | | 5,675 | | | | 6,840 | |
CVS – Haverhill, MA | | | ARC-JV | | | | June-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 15,214 | | | | 6,664 | | | | 7,812 | |
Tractor Supply Co. – Granbury, TX | | | ARC-JV | | | | June-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 24,764 | | | | 2,586 | | | | 3,275 | |
Tractor Supply Co. – Lubbock, TX | | | ARC-JV | | | | June-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 29,954 | | | | 3,153 | | | | 3,981 | |
Tractor Supply Co. – Odessa, TX | | | ARC-JV | | | | July-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 22,670 | | | | 2,871 | | | | 3,624 | |
Walgreens & Petco – North Andover, MA | | | ARC-JV | | | | July-07 | | | | 2 | | | | 29,512 | | | | 13,390 | | | | 15,304 | |
Rite Aid – New Salisbury, IN | | | ARC-JV | | | | July-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 14,703 | | | | 2,954 | | | | 3,588 | |
Walgreens – Hampstead, NH | | | ARC-JV | | | | July-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 14,820 | | | | 5,804 | | | | 6,601 | |
Tractor Supply Co. – Shreveport, LA | | | ARC-JV | | | | August-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 19,097 | | | | 3,078 | | | | 3,769 | |
Bridgestone Firestone – St. Peters, MO | | | ARC-ADVISOR | | | | August-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 7,654 | | | | 1,290 | | | | 1,841 | |
Dollar General – Independence, KY | | | ARC-ADVISOR | | | | August-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 9,014 | | | | 580 | | | | 870 | |
Dollar General – Florence, KY | | | ARC-ADVISOR | | | | August-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 9,014 | | | | 566 | | | | 870 | |
Dollar General – Lancaster, OH | | | ARC-ADVISOR | | | | August-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 9,014 | | | | 590 | | | | 888 | |
Fed Ex – Snow Shoe, PA(2) | | | ARC-JV | | | | August-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 53,675 | | | | 6,965 | | | | 10,067 | |
Rite Aid – Salem, OH | | | ARC-JV | | | | August-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 14,654 | | | | 4,928 | | | | 6,003 | |
Rite Aid – Cadiz, OH(2) | | | ARC | | | | August-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 11,335 | | | | 1,240 | | | | 1,695 | |
Rite Aid – Carrollton, OH(2) | | | ARC | | | | August-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 12,613 | | | | 1,730 | | | | 2,342 | |
Rite Aid – Lisbon, OH(2) | | | ARC | | | | August-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 10,141 | | | | 1,090 | | | | 1,493 | |
Rite Aid – Liverpool, OH(2) | | | ARC | | | | August-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 11,362 | | | | 1,630 | | | | 2,217 | |
Walgreens – New Bedford, MA(3) | | | ARC-JV | | | | August-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 15,272 | | | | 6,564 | | | | 7,960 | |
Walgreens – South Yarmouth, MA(3) | | | ARC-JV | | | | August-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 9,996 | | | | 6,355 | | | | 7,206 | |
Walgreens – Derry, NH(3) | | | ARC-JV | | | | August-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 14,820 | | | | 6,660 | | | | 7,514 | |
Walgreens – Staten Island, NY(3) | | | ARC-JV | | | | August-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 11,056 | | | | 7,905 | | | | 8,928 | |
Walgreens – Berlin, CT(3) | | | ARC-JV | | | | August-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 14,820 | | | | 6,715 | | | | 7,576 | |
Tractor Supply – DeRidder, LA | | | ARC-JV | | | | September-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 20,850 | | | | 2,580 | | | | 3,193 | |
Walgreens – Woodbury, NJ(3) | | | ARC-JV | | | | September-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 13,650 | | | | 6,120 | | | | 7,149 | |
Walgreens – Prairie Du Chien, WI(3) | | | ARC-JV | | | | October-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 14,820 | | | | 3,400 | | | | 3,858 | |
Walgreens – Melrose, MA(3) | | | ARC-JV | | | | October-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 21,405 | | | | 8,075 | | | | 9,113 | |
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Tenant-Location | | Investment Structure | | Date | | Number of Buildings | | Gross Leasable Space | | Mortgage Financing | | Purchase Price(1) |
Rite-Aid – Pittsburgh, PA(2) | | | ARC | | | | October-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 14,564 | | | | 4,111 | | | | 6,190 | |
Rite-Aid – Carlisle, PA(2) | | | ARC-ADVISOR | | | | October-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 14,673 | | | | 3,008 | | | | 4,529 | |
Walgreens – Mt. Ephraim, NJ | | | ARC-ADVISOR | | | | October-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 14,379 | | | | 8,033 | | | | 9,436 | |
Walgreens – Dover, NH | | | ARC-ADVISOR | | | | November-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 14,418 | | | | 6,235 | | | | 7,226 | |
Walgreens – Worcester, MA | | | ARC-ADVISOR | | | | November-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 13,354 | | | | 8,500 | | | | 9,812 | |
Walgreens – Brockton, MA | | | ARC-ADVISOR | | | | November-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 13,204 | | | | 8,571 | | | | 9,743 | |
Walgreens – Providence, RI | | | ARC-ADVISOR | | | | November-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 14,491 | | | | 4,182 | | | | 4,899 | |
Walgreens – Newcastle, OK | | | ARC-ADVISOR | | | | December-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 14,820 | | | | 3,910 | | | | 4,428 | |
Walgreens – Branford, CT | | | ARC-ADVISOR | | | | December-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 13,548 | | | | 7,310 | | | | 8,286 | |
Walgreens – Londonderry, NH | | | ARC-ADVISOR | | | | December-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 12,303 | | | | 6,666 | | | | 7,578 | |
BOA – Londonderry, NH | | | ARC-ADVISOR | | | | December-07 | | | | 1 | | | | 2,812 | | | | 861 | | | | 980 | |
Harleysville Bank Portfolio – PA(2) | | | ARC | | | | December-07 | | | | 15 | | | | 178,000 | | | | 31,000 | | | | 41,000 | |
Total 12/2006 and 2007 (As of 12/31/2007) | | | | | | | | | | | 92 | | | | 1,983,113 | | | $ | 421,813 | | | $ | 506,626 | |
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| (1) | Purchase price includes the cost of the property, closing costs and acquisition fees if applicable. |
| (2) | Properties were sold to American Realty Capital Trust. |
| (3) | Properties sold to partner in 2007. |
ARC-JV — American Realty Capital acted as advisor and American Realty Capital or its principals acted as investor(s) alongside a JV partner
ARC-ADVISOR — American Realty Capital acted as advisor and neither it nor its principals invested alongside the equity
ARC — American Realty Capital acted as advisor and sole investor with no JV partners
Information on properties sold by American Realty Capital, LLC during April 2007 through October 31, 2009 (dollar amounts in thousands):
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Tenant-Location | | Date Acquired | | Date of Sale | | Selling Price Net of Closing Costs | | Cost of Properties Including Closing and Other Costs | | Excess of Property Operating Cash Receipts Over Cash Expenditures | | Cash Received Net of Closing Costs | | Mortgage Balance at Time of Sale | | Total | | Original Mortgage Financing | | Total Acquisition Cost, Capital Improvement Closing and Soft Costs | | Total |
Walgreens – Windham(1) | | | April-07 | | | | July-07 | | | | 7,843 | | | | 7,392 | | | | 37 | | | | 1,008 | | | | 6,596 | | | | 7,641 | | | | 6,596 | | | | 796 | | | | 7,392 | |
Walgreens – Hampstead | | | July-07 | | | | July-07 | | | | 6,794 | | | | 6,601 | | | | 22 | | | | 968 | | | | 5,804 | | | | 6,794 | | | | 5,804 | | | | 797 | | | | 6,601 | |
Logans – Murfreesboro | | | April-07 | | | | Dec-07 | | | | 4,247 | | | | 3,883 | | | | 132 | | | | 1,025 | | | | 3,090 | | | | 4,247 | | | | 3,090 | | | | 793 | | | | 3,883 | |
Logans – Beaver Creek | | | April-07 | | | | Dec-07 | | | | 5,254 | | | | 4,808 | | | | 122 | | | | 1,302 | | | | 3,830 | | | | 5,254 | | | | 3,830 | | | | 978 | | | | 4,808 | |
Walgreens – Clarence | | | February-07 | | | | March-08 | | | | 4,781 | | | | 4,639 | | | | 44 | | | | 653 | | | | 4,114 | | | | 4,811 | | | | 4,114 | | | | 525 | | | | 4,639 | |
Walgreens – Logansville | | | March-06 | | | | April-08 | | | | 6,865 | | | | 6,563 | | | | 81 | | | | 1,234 | | | | 5,610 | | | | 6,925 | | | | 5,610 | | | | 953 | | | | 6,563 | |
CVS – Chester | | | December-06 | | | | April-08 | | | | 7,297 | | | | 7,015 | | | | 92 | | | | 1,214 | | | | 6,029 | | | | 7,335 | | | | 6,029 | | | | 986 | | | | 7,015 | |
Logan’s – Savannah | | | April-07 | | | | October-08 | | | | 4,042 | | | | 3,918 | | | | 77 | | | | 915 | | | | 3,110 | | | | 4,102 | | | | 3,110 | | | | 808 | | | | 3,918 | |
Logan’s – Austin | | | April-07 | | | | October-08 | | | | 3,031 | | | | 2,929 | | | | 57 | | | | 690 | | | | 2,330 | | | | 3,077 | | | | 2,330 | | | | 599 | | | | 2,929 | |
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| (1) | Net selling price includes a $202,000 tax withholding for the state of Maine. These monies will be returned upon filing of state tax returns. |
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Nicholas S. Schorsch
During the period from 1998 to 2002, our sponsor, Nicholas S. Schorsch, sponsored seven private programs, consisting of First States Properties, L.P., First States Partners, L.P., First States Partners II, First States Partners III, First States Holdings, Chester Court Realty and Dresher Court Realty, which raised approximately $38.3 million from 93 investors and acquired properties with an aggregate purchase price of approximately $272.3 million. These private programs, or Predecessor Entities, financed their investments with investor equity and institutional first mortgages. These properties are located throughout the United States as indicated in the table below. Ninety-four percent of the properties acquired were bank branches and 6% of the properties acquired were office buildings. None of the properties included in the aforesaid figures were newly constructed. Each of these Predecessor Entities is similar to our program because they invested in long-term net lease commercial properties. The Predecessor Entities properties are located as follows:
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State | | No. of Properties | | Square Feet |
Pennsylvania | | | 34 | | | | 1,193,741 | |
New Jersey | | | 38 | | | | 149,351 | |
South Carolina | | | 3 | | | | 65,992 | |
Kansas | | | 1 | | | | 17,434 | |
Florida | | | 4 | | | | 16,202 | |
Oklahoma | | | 2 | | | | 13,837 | |
Missouri | | | 1 | | | | 9,660 | |
Arkansas | | | 4 | | | | 8,139 | |
North Carolina | | | 2 | | | | 7,612 | |
Texas | | | 1 | | | | 6,700 | |
American Financial Realty Trust
In 2002, American Financial Realty Trust (AFRT) was founded by Nicholas S. Schorsch. In September and October 2002, AFRT sold approximately 40.8 million common shares in a Rule 144A private placement. These sales resulted in aggregate net proceeds of approximately $378.6 million. Simultaneous with the sale of such shares, AFRT acquired certain real estate assets from a predecessor entity for an aggregate purchase price of $230.5 million, including the assumption of indebtedness, consisting of a portfolio of 87 bank branches and six office buildings containing approximately 1.5 million rentable square feet. Mr. Schorsch was the President, CEO and Vice-Chairman of AFRT since its inception as a REIT in September 2002 until August 2006. Mr. Kahane was the Chairman of the Finance Committee of AFRT’s Board of Trustees since its inception as a REIT in September 2002 until August 2006. AFRT went public on the New York Stock Exchange in June 2003 in what was at the time the second largest real estate investment trust initial public offering in U.S. history, raising over $800 million. Three years following its initial public offering, AFRT was an industry leader, acquiring over $4.3 billion in assets, over 1,110 properties (net of dispositions) in more than 37 states and over 35.0 million square feet with 175 employees and a well diversified portfolio of bank tenants.
On April 1, 2008, AFRT was acquired by Gramercy Capital Corp. Neither Mr. Schorsch nor Mr. Kahane owned an equity interest in AFRT at the time of the acquisition, and neither Mr. Schorsch nor Mr. Kahane currently owns any equity interest in AFRT.
Adverse Business Developments and Conditions
AFRT maintained a leveraged balance sheet. Net total debt to total real estate investments as of December 31, 2006 was approximately 55%, with $233.9 million of variable rate debt. As of June 30, 2007, according to published information provided by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, Inc, or NAREIT, the debt ratio of all office REITs covered by the NAREIT’s REIT WATCH was approximately 44%. The amount of indebtedness may adversely affect their ability to repay debt through refinancings. If they are unable to refinance indebtedness on acceptable terms, or at all, they might be forced to dispose of one or more of their properties on unfavorable terms, which might result in losses to them and which might adversely affect cash available for distributions to shareholders. If prevailing interest rates or other factors at the time of refinancing result in higher interest rates on refinancing, interest expense would
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increase, which could have a material adverse effect on their operating results and financial condition and their ability to pay dividends to shareholders at historical levels or at all.
The net losses incurred by ARCT, the Company, ARC Income Properties, LLC, ARC Income Properties II, LLC, ARC Income Properties III, LLC and ARC Income Properties IV, LLC are primarily attributable to non-cash items and acquisition expenses incurred for purchases of properties which are not ongoing expenses for the operation of the properties and not the impairment of the programs’ real estate assets. With respect to ARCT, our largest program to date, for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, the entire net loss was attributable to depreciation and amortization expenses incurred on the properties during the ownership period; and for the year ended December 31, 2008, 71% of the net losses were attributable to depreciation and amortization, and the remaining 29% of the net losses was attributable to the fair market valuation of certain derivative investments held.
Additionally, each of ARC Income Properties, LLC, ARC Income Properties II, LLC, ARC Income Properties III, LLC and ARC Income Properties IV, LLC is an offering of debt securities. Despite incurring net losses during certain periods, all anticipated distributions to investors have been paid on these programs through interest payments on the debt securities. The equity interests in each of these entities are owned by Nicholas Schorsch and William Kahane and their respective families. Any losses pursuant to a reduction in value of the equity in any of these entities (which has not occurred and which is not anticipated), will be borne by Messrs. Schorsch and Kahane and their respective families. On September 7, 2011, the noteholders in ARC Income Properties, LLC and ARC Income Properties III, LLC were repaid and the properties were contributed to ARCP as part of its formation transactions. Additionally, the mortgage loans in ARC Income Properties, LLC were repaid.
Although a portion of the ARCT distributions were paid from proceeds received from the offering, as the property portfolio has increased, cash flow from operations has improved and, in 2010, a greater proportion of cash flow from operations was used to pay distributions than in 2009. ARCT’s affiliated advisor and property manager each waived certain fees due from ARCT in order to provide additional capital to ARCT for purposes of distribution coverage, not due to adverse business conditions. Our advisor and property manager have committed to waive fees in the future in order to cover distribution payments.
ARC Growth Fund, LLC was different from our other programs in that all of the properties were vacant when the portfolio was purchased and the properties were purchased with the intention of reselling them. Losses from operations represent carrying costs on the properties as well as acquisition and disposition costs in addition to non-cash depreciation and amortization costs. Upon final distribution in 2010, all investors received their entire investment plus an incremental return based on a percentage of their initial investment and the sponsor retained the remaining available funds and four properties which were unsold at the end of the program.
None of the referenced programs have been subject to any tenant turnover and have experienced a non-renewal of only two leases. Further, none of the referenced programs have been subject to mortgage foreclosure or significant losses on the sales of properties.
Attached hereto as Appendices A-1 and A-2 is further prior performance information on AFRT and Nicholas S. Schorsch, respectively.
Other than as disclosed above, there have been no major adverse business developments or conditions experienced by any program or non-program property that would be material to investors, including as a result of recent general economic conditions.
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CERTAIN MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
The following summary discusses certain material U.S. federal income tax considerations associated with our qualification and taxation as a REIT and the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our shares of common stock. This summary is based upon the laws, regulations, and reported judicial and administrative rulings and decisions in effect as of the date of this prospectus, all of which are subject to change, retroactively or prospectively, and to possibly differing interpretations. This summary does not purport to deal with the U.S. federal income and other tax consequences applicable to all investors in light of their particular investment or other circumstances, or to all categories of investors, some of whom may be subject to special rules (for example, insurance companies, entities treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes and investors therein, and trusts, financial institutions and broker-dealers and, except to the extent discussed below, tax-exempt organizations and Non-U.S. Stockholders, as defined below). No ruling on the U.S. federal, state, or local tax considerations relevant to our operation or to the purchase, ownership or disposition of our shares, has been requested from the IRS, or other tax authority. No assurance can be given that the IRS would not assert, or that a court would not sustain, a position contrary to any of the tax consequences described below.
This summary is also based upon the assumption that the operation of the company, and of its subsidiaries and other lower-tier and affiliated entities, will in each case be in accordance with its applicable organizational documents or partnership agreements. This summary does not discuss the impact that U.S. state and local taxes and taxes imposed by non-U.S. jurisdictions could have on the matters discussed in this summary. In addition, this summary assumes that security holders hold our common stock as a capital asset, which generally means as property held for investment.
Prospective investors are urged to consult their tax advisors in order to determine the U.S. federal, state, local, foreign and other tax consequences to them of the purchase, ownership and disposition of our shares, the tax treatment of a REIT and the effect of potential changes in the applicable tax laws.
Beginning with out taxable year ending December 31, 2010, we elected to be taxed as a REIT under the applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder and have received the beneficial U.S. federal income tax treatment described below. We intend to continue operating as a REIT so long as our board determines that REIT qualification remains advantageous to us. However, we cannot assure you that we will meet the applicable requirements under U.S. federal income tax laws, which are highly technical and complex.
In brief, a corporation that complies with the provisions in Internal Revenue Code Sections 856 through 860, and qualifies as a REIT generally is not taxed on its net taxable income to the extent such income is currently distributed to stockholders, thereby completely or substantially eliminating the “double taxation” that a corporation and its stockholders generally bear together. However, as discussed in greater detail below, a corporation could be subject to U.S. federal income tax in some circumstances even if it qualifies as a REIT and would likely suffer adverse consequences, including reduced cash available for distribution to its stockholders, if it failed to qualify as a REIT.
Proskauer Rose LLP has acted as our tax counsel in connection with this registration statement. Proskauer Rose LLP is of the opinion, (i) assuming that the actions described in this section are completed on a timely basis and we timely filed the requisite elections, that we have been organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification as a REIT beginning with our first taxable year, and our proposed method of operation will enable us to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT, and (ii) that our operating partnership will be treated as a partnership, and not an association or publicly traded partnership (within the meaning of Internal Revenue Code Section 7704) subject to tax as a corporation, for U.S. federal income tax purposes beginning with its first taxable year. This opinion has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and is based and conditioned, in part, on various assumptions and representations as to factual matters and covenants made to Proskauer Rose LLP by us and based upon certain terms and conditions set forth in the opinion. Our qualification as a REIT depends upon our ability to meet, through operation of the properties we acquire and our investment in other assets, the applicable requirements under U.S. federal income tax laws. Proskauer Rose LLP has not reviewed these operating results for compliance with the applicable requirements under U.S. federal income tax laws.
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Therefore, we cannot assure you that our actual operating results allow us to satisfy the applicable requirements to qualify as a REIT under U.S. federal income tax laws in any taxable year. Opinions of counsel are not binding on the IRS or on the courts, and no assurance can be given that the IRS would not assert, or that a court would not sustain, a position contrary to any of the conclusions reached by Proskauer Rose LLP.
General
The term “REIT taxable income” means the taxable income as computed for a corporation which is not a REIT:
| • | without the deductions allowed by Internal Revenue Code Sections 241 and 247, and 249 (relating generally to the deduction for dividends received); |
| • | excluding amounts equal to: |
| • | the net income from foreclosure property; and |
| • | the net income derived from prohibited transactions; |
| • | deducting amounts equal to: |
| • | the net loss from foreclosure property; |
| • | the net loss derived from prohibited transactions; |
| • | the tax imposed by Internal Revenue Code Section 857(b)(5) upon a failure to meet the 95% and/or the 75% gross income tests; |
| • | the tax imposed by Internal Revenue Code Section 856(c)(7)(C) upon a failure to meet the quarterly asset tests; |
| • | the tax imposed by Internal Revenue Code Section 856(g)(5) for otherwise avoiding REIT disqualification; and |
| • | the tax imposed by Internal Revenue Code Section 857(b)(7) on redetermined rents, redetermined deductions and excess interest; |
| • | deducting the amount of dividends paid under Internal Revenue Code Section 561, computed without regard to the amount of the net income from foreclosure property (which is excluded from REIT taxable income); and |
| • | without regard to any change of annual accounting period pursuant to Internal Revenue Code Section 443(b). |
In any year in which we qualify as a REIT and have a valid election in place, we will claim deductions for the dividends we pay to the stockholders, and therefore will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on that portion of our REIT taxable income or capital gain which is distributed to our stockholders.
Although we can eliminate or substantially reduce our U.S. federal income tax liability by maintaining our REIT qualification and paying sufficient dividends, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax in the following circumstances:
| • | We will be taxed at normal corporate rates on any undistributed REIT taxable income or net capital gain. |
| • | If we fail to satisfy either the 95% Gross Income Test or the 75% Gross Income Test (each of which is described below), but our failure is due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect, and we therefore maintain our REIT qualification, we will be subject to a tax equal to the product of (a) the amount by which we failed the 75% or 95% Test (whichever amount is greater) multiplied by (b) a fraction intended to reflect our profitability. |
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| • | We will be subject to an excise tax if we fail to currently distribute sufficient income. In order to make the “required distribution” with respect to a calendar year, we must distribute the sum of (1) 85% of our REIT ordinary income for the calendar year, (2) 95% of our REIT capital gain net income for the calendar year, and (3) the excess, if any, of the grossed up required distribution (as defined in the Code) for the preceding calendar year over the distributed amount for that preceding calendar year. Any excise tax liability would be equal to 4% of the difference between the amount required to be distributed under this formula and the amount actually distributed and would not be deductible by us. |
| • | We may be subject to the corporate “alternative minimum tax” on our items of tax preference, including any deductions of net operating losses. |
| • | If we have net income from prohibited transactions such income would be subject to a 100% tax. See the section entitled “— REIT Qualification Tests — Prohibited Transactions” below. |
| • | We will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the highest corporate rate on any non-qualifying income from foreclosure property, although we will not own any foreclosure property unless we make loans or accept purchase money notes secured by interests in real property and foreclose on the property following a default on the loan, or foreclose on property pursuant to a default on a lease. |
| • | If we fail to satisfy any of the REIT asset tests, as described below, other than a failure of the 5% or 10% REIT assets tests that does not exceed a statutory de minimis amount as described more fully below, but our failure is due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect and we nonetheless maintain our REIT qualification because of specified cure provisions, we will be required to pay a tax equal to the greater of $50,000 or the amount determined by multiplying the highest corporate tax rate (currently 35%) by the net income generated by the non-qualifying assets during the period in which we failed to satisfy the asset tests. |
| • | If we fail to satisfy any other provision of the Code that would result in our failure to qualify as a REIT (other than a gross income or asset test requirement) and that violation is due to reasonable cause, we may retain our REIT qualification, but we will be required to pay a penalty of $50,000 for each such failure. |
| • | We may be required to pay monetary penalties to the IRS in certain circumstances, including if we fail to meet record-keeping requirements intended to monitor our compliance with rules relating to the composition of our stockholders. Such penalties generally would not be deductible by us. |
| • | If we acquire any asset from a corporation that is subject to full corporate-level U.S. federal income tax in a transaction in which our basis in the asset is determined by reference to the transferor corporation’s basis in the asset, and we recognize gain on the disposition of such an asset during the 10-year period beginning on the date we acquired such asset, then the excess of the fair market value as of the beginning of the applicable recognition period over our adjusted basis in such asset at the beginning of such recognition period will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the highest regular corporate U.S. federal income tax rate. The results described in this paragraph assume that the non-REIT corporation will not elect, in lieu of this treatment, to be subject to an immediate tax when the asset is acquired by us. |
| • | A 100% tax may be imposed on transactions between us and a TRS that do not reflect arm’s- length terms. |
| • | The earnings of our subsidiaries that are C corporations, including any subsidiary we may elect to treat as a TRS will generally be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax. |
| • | We may elect to retain and pay income tax on our net capital gain. In that case, a stockholder would include his, her or its proportionate share of our undistributed net capital gain (to the extent we make a timely designation of such gain to the stockholder) in his, her or its income as long-term capital gain, would be deemed to have paid the tax that we paid on such gain, and would be allowed a credit for his, her or its proportionate share of the tax deemed to have been paid, and an |
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| | adjustment would be made to increase the stockholder’s basis in our common stock. Stockholders that are U.S. corporations will also appropriately adjust their earnings and profits for the retained capital gain in accordance with Treasury Regulations to be promulgated. |
In addition, notwithstanding our qualification as a REIT, we and our subsidiaries may be subject to a variety of taxes, including state and local and foreign income, property, payroll and other taxes on our assets and operations. We could also be subject to tax in situations and on transactions not presently contemplated.
REIT Qualification Tests
The Internal Revenue Code defines a REIT as a corporation, trust or association:
| • | that is managed by one or more trustees or directors; |
| • | the beneficial ownership of which is evidenced by transferable shares or by transferable certificates of beneficial interest; |
| • | that would be taxable as a domestic corporation but for its qualification as a REIT; |
| • | that is neither a financial institution nor an insurance company; |
| • | that meets the gross income, asset and annual distribution requirements; |
| • | the beneficial ownership of which is held by 100 or more persons on at least 335 days in each full taxable year, proportionately adjusted for a partial taxable year; |
| • | generally in which, at any time during the last half of each taxable year, no more than 50% in value of the outstanding stock is owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Internal Revenue Code to include specific entities); |
| • | that makes an election to be taxable as a REIT for the current taxable year, or has made this election for a previous taxable year, which election has not been revoked or terminated, and satisfies all relevant filing and other administrative requirements established by the IRS that must be met to maintain qualification as a REIT; and |
| • | that uses a calendar year for U.S. federal income tax purposes. |
The first five conditions must be met during each taxable year for which REIT qualification is sought, while the sixth and seventh conditions do not have to be met until after the first taxable year for which a REIT election is made. We have adopted December 31 as our year end, thereby satisfying the last condition.
Ownership of Interests in Partnerships, Limited Liability Companies and Qualified REIT Subsidiaries. A REIT that is a partner in a partnership or a member in a limited liability company treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, will be deemed to own its proportionate share of the assets of the partnership or limited liability company, as the case may be, based on its interest in partnership capital, and will be deemed to be entitled to its proportionate share of the income of that entity. The assets and gross income of the partnership or limited liability company retain the same character in the hands of the REIT. Thus, our pro rata share of the assets and items of income of any partnership or limited liability company treated as a partnership or disregarded entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes in which we own an interest is treated as our assets and items of income for purposes of Asset Tests and Gross Income Tests (each as defined below).
We expect to control our subsidiary partnerships and limited liability companies and intend to operate them in a manner consistent with the requirements for our qualification as a REIT. If we become a limited partner or non-managing member in any partnership or limited liability company and such entity takes or expects to take actions that could jeopardize our qualification as a REIT or require us to pay tax, we may be forced to dispose of our interest in such entity. In addition, it is possible that a partnership or limited liability company could take an action which could cause us to fail a gross income or asset test, and that we would not become aware of such action in time to dispose of our interest in the partnership or limited liability company or take other corrective action on a timely basis. In that case, we could fail to qualify as a REIT unless we were entitled to relief, as described below.
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We may from time to time own certain assets through subsidiaries that we intend to be treated as “qualified REIT subsidiaries.” A corporation will qualify as our qualified REIT subsidiary if we own 100% of the corporation’s outstanding stock and do not elect with the subsidiary to treat it as a TRS, as described below. A qualified REIT subsidiary is not treated as a separate corporation, and all assets, liabilities and items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit of a qualified REIT subsidiary are treated as assets, liabilities and items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit of the parent REIT for purposes of the Asset Tests and Gross Income Tests (each as defined below). A qualified REIT subsidiary is not subject to U.S. federal income tax, but may be subject to state or local tax, and our ownership of the stock of a qualified REIT subsidiary will not violate the restrictions on ownership of securities, as described below under “— Asset Tests.” Although we expect to hold all of our investments through the operating partnership, we also may hold investments separately, through qualified REIT subsidiaries. Because a qualified REIT subsidiary must be wholly owned by a REIT, any such subsidiary utilized by us would have to be owned by us, or another qualified REIT subsidiary, and would not be owned by the operating partnership.
In the event that a disregarded subsidiary ceases to be wholly-owned by us (for example, if any equity interest in the subsidiary is acquired by a person other than us or another one of our disregarded subsidiaries), the subsidiary’s separate existence would no longer be disregarded for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Instead, it would have multiple owners and would be treated as either a partnership or a taxable corporation. Such an event could, depending on the circumstances, adversely affect our ability to satisfy the Asset and Gross Income Tests, including the requirement that REITs generally may not own, directly or indirectly, more than 10% of the value or voting power of the outstanding securities of another corporation. See “— Asset Tests” and “— Income Tests.”
Ownership of Interests in TRSs. We expect to own an interest in one or more TRS and may acquire securities in additional TRSs in the future. A TRS is a corporation other than a REIT in which a REIT directly or indirectly holds stock, and that has made a joint election with such REIT to be treated as a TRS. If a TRS owns more than 35% of the total voting power or value of the outstanding securities of another corporation, such other corporation will also be treated as a TRS. Other than some activities relating to lodging and health care facilities, a TRS may generally engage in any business, including investing in assets and engaging in activities that could not be held or conducted directly by us without jeopardizing our qualification as a REIT.
A TRS is subject to U.S. federal income tax as a regular C corporation. In addition, if certain tests regarding the TRS’s debt-to-equity ratio are not satisfied, a TRS generally may not deduct interest payments made in any year to an affiliated REIT to the extent that such payments exceed 50% of the TRS’s adjusted taxable income for that year (although the TRS may carry forward to, and deduct in, a succeeding year the disallowed interest amount if the 50% test is satisfied in that year). A REIT’s ownership of securities of a TRS is not subject to the 5% or 10% asset tests described below. See “— Asset Tests.”
In satisfying the tests described above, we must meet, among others, the following requirements:
Share Ownership Tests. The common stock and any other stock we issue must be held by a minimum of 100 persons (determined without attribution to the owners of any entity owning our stock) for at least 335 days in each full taxable year, proportionately adjusted for partial taxable years. In addition, we cannot be “closely held”, which means that at all times during the second half of each taxable year, no more than 50% in value of our stock may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (determined by applying certain attribution rules under the Internal Revenue Code to the owners of any entity owning our stock) as specifically defined for this purpose. However, these two requirements do not apply until after the first taxable year an entity elects REIT status.
Our charter contains certain provisions intended to enable us to meet the sixth and seventh requirement above. First, subject to certain exceptions, our charter provides that no person may beneficially or constructively own (applying certain attribution rules under the Internal Revenue Code) more than 9.8% in value of the aggregate of the outstanding shares of our stock and not more than 9.8% (in value or in number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of any class or series of the shares of our stock, as well as in certain other circumstances. See the section entitled “Description of Securities — Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer” in this prospectus. Additionally, the distribution reinvestment plan, as well as the terms of the options granted to the independent directors, contain provisions that prevent them from causing a violation of
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these tests Our charter also contains provisions requiring each holder of our shares to disclose, upon demand, constructive or beneficial ownership of shares as deemed necessary to comply with the requirements of the Internal Revenue Code. Furthermore, stockholders failing or refusing to comply with our disclosure request will be required, under Treasury Regulations promulgated under the Internal Revenue Code, to submit a statement of such information to the IRS at the time of filing their annual income tax returns for the year in which the request was made.
Asset Tests. At the close of each calendar quarter of the taxable year, we must satisfy four tests based on the composition of our assets, or the Asset Tests. After initially meeting the Asset Tests at the close of any quarter, we will not lose our qualification as a REIT for failure to satisfy the Asset Tests at the end of a later quarter solely due to changes in value of our assets. In addition, if the failure to satisfy the Asset Tests results from an acquisition during a quarter, the failure generally can be cured by disposing of non-qualifying assets within 30 days after the close of that quarter. We intend to maintain adequate records of the value of our assets to ensure compliance with these tests and will act within 30 days after the close of any quarter as may be required to cure any noncompliance.
75% Asset Test. At least 75% of the value of our assets must be represented by “real estate assets,” cash, cash items (including receivables) and government securities, which we refer to as the 75% Asset Test. Real estate assets include (i) real property (including interests in real property and interests in mortgages on real property), (ii) shares in other qualifying REITs and (iii) any property (not otherwise a real estate asset) attributable to the temporary investment of “new capital” in stock or a debt instrument, but only for the one-year period beginning on the date we received the new capital. Property will qualify as being attributable to the temporary investment of new capital if the money used to purchase the stock or debt instrument is received by us in exchange for our stock (other than amounts received pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan) or in a public offering of debt obligations that have a maturity of at least five years. Assets that do not qualify for purposes of the 75% test are subject to the additional asset tests described below under “— 25% Asset Test.”
We are currently invested in the assets described in the section of this prospectus entitled “Description of Real Estate Investments.” We anticipate that substantially all of our gross income will be from sources that will allow us to satisfy the income tests described below. Further, our purchase contracts for such real properties will apportion no more than 5% of the purchase price of any property to property other than “real property,” as defined in the Internal Revenue Code. However, there can be no assurance that the IRS will not contest such purchase price allocation. If the IRS were to prevail, resulting in more than 5% of the purchase price of property being allocated to other than “real property,” we may be unable to continue to qualify as a REIT under the 75% Asset Test, and also may be subject to additional taxes, as described below. In addition, we intend to invest funds not used to acquire properties in cash sources, “new capital” investments or other liquid investments which allow us to continue to qualify under the 75% Asset Test. Therefore, our investment in real properties should constitute “real estate assets” and should allow us to meet the 75% Asset Test.
25% Asset Test. Except as described below, the remaining 25% of our assets may generally be invested without restriction, which we refer to as the 25% Asset Test. However, if we invest in any securities that do not qualify under the 75% Asset Test, such securities may not exceed either: (i) 5% of the value of our assets as to any one issuer; or (ii) 10% of the outstanding securities by vote or value of any one issuer. The 10% value test does not apply to certain “straight debt” and other excluded securities, as described in the Internal Revenue Code, including but not limited to any loan to an individual or estate, any obligation to pay rents from real property and any security issued by a REIT. In addition, a partnership interest held by a REIT is not considered a “security” for purposes of the 10% value test; instead, the REIT is treated as owning directly its proportionate share of the partnership’s assets, which is based on the REIT’s proportionate interest in any securities issued by the partnership (disregarding for this purpose the general rule that a partnership interest is not a security), but excluding certain securities described in the Internal Revenue Code.
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We believe that our holdings of real estate assets and other securities comply with the foregoing REIT asset requirements, and we intend to monitor compliance on an ongoing basis. We may make real estate-related debt investments, provided the underlying real estate meets our criteria for direct investment. A real estate mortgage loan that we own generally will be treated as a real estate asset for purposes of the 75% Asset Test if, on the date that we acquire or originate the mortgage loan, the value of the real property securing the loan is equal to or greater than the principal amount of the loan. Certain mezzanine loans we make or acquire may qualify for the safe harbor in Revenue Procedure 2003-65, 2003-2 C.B. 336, pursuant to which certain loans secured by a first priority security interest in ownership interests in a partnership or limited liability company will be treated as qualifying assets for purposes of the 75% Asset Test and the 10% vote or value test. We may hold some mezzanine loans that do not qualify for that safe harbor. Furthermore, we may acquire distressed debt investments that require subsequent modification by agreement with the borrower. If the outstanding principal balance of a mortgage loan exceeds the fair market value of the real property securing the loan at the time we commit to acquire the loan, or agree to modify the loan in a manner that is treated as an acquisition of a new loan for U.S. federal income tax purposes, then a portion of such loan may not be a qualifying real estate asset. Under current law it is not clear how to determine what portion of such a loan will be treated as a qualifying real estate asset. Under recently issued guidance, the IRS has stated that it will not challenge a REIT’s treatment of a loan as being in part a real estate asset if the REIT treats the loan as being a real estate asset in an amount that is equal to the lesser of the fair market value of the real property securing the loan, as of the date we committed to acquire or modify the loan, and the fair market value of the loan. However, uncertainties exist regarding the application of this guidance, particularly with respect to the proper treatment under the Asset Tests of mortgage loans acquired at a discount that increase in value following their acquisition, and no assurance can be given that the IRS would not challenge our treatment of such assets. While we intend to make such investments in such a manner as not to fail the asset tests described above, no assurance can be given that any such investments would not disqualify us as a REIT.
A REIT is able to cure certain asset test violations. As noted above, a REIT cannot own securities of any one issuer representing more than 5% of the total value of the REIT’s assets or more than 10% of the outstanding securities, by vote or value, of any one issuer. However, a REIT would not lose its REIT qualification for failing to satisfy these 5% or 10% asset tests in a quarter if the failure is due to the ownership of assets the total value of which does not exceed the lesser of (i) 1% of the total value of the REIT’s assets at the end of the quarter for which the measurement is done, or (ii) $10 million; provided in either case that the REIT either disposes of the assets within six months after the last day of the quarter in which the REIT identifies the failure (or such other time period prescribed by the Treasury), or otherwise meets the requirements of those rules by the end of that period.
If a REIT fails to meet any of the asset test requirements for a quarter and the failure exceeds the de minimis threshold described above, then the REIT still would be deemed to have satisfied the requirements if: (i) following the REIT’s identification of the failure, the REIT files a schedule with a description of each asset that caused the failure, in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Treasury; (ii) the failure was due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect; (iii) the REIT disposes of the assets within six months after the last day of the quarter in which the identification occurred or such other time period as is prescribed by the Treasury (or the requirements of the rules are otherwise met within that period); and (iv) the REIT pays a tax on the failure equal to the greater of (1) $50,000, or (2) an amount determined (under regulations) by multiplying (x) the highest rate of tax for corporations under Internal Revenue Code Section 11, by (y) the net income generated by the assets for the period beginning on the first date of the failure and ending on the date the REIT has disposed of the assets (or otherwise satisfies the requirements).
Gross Income Tests. For each calendar year, we must satisfy two separate tests based on the composition of our gross income, as defined under our method of accounting, or the Gross Income Tests.
The 75% Gross Income Test. At least 75% of our gross income for the taxable year (excluding gross income from prohibited transactions) must result from: (i) rents from real property, (ii) interest on obligations secured by mortgages on real property or on interests in real property, (iii) gains from the sale or other disposition of real property (including interests in real property and interests in mortgages on real property) other than property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of our trade or business,
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(iv) dividends from other qualifying REITs and gain (other than gain from prohibited transactions) from the sale of shares of other qualifying REITs, (v) other specified investments relating to real property or mortgages thereon, and (vi) for a limited time, temporary investment income (as described under the 75% Asset Test above). We refer to this requirement as the 75% Gross Income Test. We intend to invest funds not otherwise invested in real properties in cash sources or other liquid investments which will allow us to qualify under the 75% Gross Income Test.
The 95% Gross Income Test. In addition to deriving 75% of our gross income from the sources listed above, at least 95% of our gross income (excluding gross income from prohibited transactions) for the taxable year must be derived from (i) sources which satisfy the 75% Gross Income Test, (ii) dividends, (iii) interest, or (iv) gain from the sale or disposition of stock or other securities that are not assets held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of our trade or business. We refer to this requirement as the 95% Gross Income Test. It is important to note that dividends and interest on obligations not collateralized by an interest in real property qualify under the 95% Gross Income Test, but not under the 75% Gross Income Test. We intend to invest funds not otherwise invested in properties in cash sources or other liquid investments which will allow us to qualify under the 95% Gross Income Test.
Rents from Real Property. Income attributable to a lease of real property will generally qualify as “rents from real property” under the 75% Gross Income Test (and the 95% Gross Income Test) if such lease is respected as a true lease for U.S. federal income tax purposes (see “— Characterization of Property Leases”) and subject to the rules discussed below. Rent from a particular tenant will not qualify if we, or an owner of 10% or more of our stock, directly or indirectly, owns 10% or more of the voting stock or the total number of shares of all classes of stock in, or 10% or more of the assets or net profits of, the tenant (subject to certain exceptions). As described below, we expect that amounts received from TRSs we may form to facilitate our acquisition of lodging facilities will satisfy the conditions of the exception for rents received from a TRS with the result that such amounts will be considered rents from real property. The portion of rent attributable to personal property rented in connection with real property will not qualify, unless the portion attributable to personal property is 15% or less of the total rent received under, or in connection with, the lease.
Generally, rent will not qualify if it is based in whole, or in part, on the income or profits of any person from the underlying property. However, rent will not fail to qualify if it is based on a fixed percentage (or designated varying percentages) of receipts or sales, including amounts above a base amount so long as the base amount is fixed at the time the lease is entered into, the provisions are in accordance with normal business practice and the arrangement is not an indirect method for basing rent on income or profits.
If a REIT operates or manages a property or furnishes or renders certain “impermissible services” to the tenants at the property, and the income derived from the services exceeds 1% of the total amount received by that REIT with respect to the property, then no amount received by the REIT with respect to the property will qualify as “rents from real property.” Impermissible services are services other than services “usually or customarily rendered” in connection with the rental of real property and not otherwise considered “rendered to the occupant.” For these purposes, the income that a REIT is considered to receive from the provision of “impermissible services” will not be less than 150% of the cost of providing the service. If the amount so received is 1% or less of the total amount received by us with respect to the property, then only the income from the impermissible services will not qualify as “rents from real property.” However, this rule generally will not apply if such services are provided to tenants through an independent contractor from whom we derive no revenue, or though a TRS. With respect to this rule, tenants will receive some services in connection with their leases of the real properties. Our intention is that the services to be provided are those usually or customarily rendered in connection with the rental of space, and therefore, providing these services will not cause the rents received with respect to the properties to fail to qualify as rents from real property for purposes of the 75% Gross Income Test (and the 95% Gross Income Test described below). The board of directors intends to hire qualifying independent contractors or to utilize our TRSs to render services which it believes, after consultation with our tax advisors, are not usually or customarily rendered in connection with the rental of space.
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In addition, we have represented that, with respect to our leasing activities, we will not: (1) charge rent for any property that is based in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person (excluding rent based on a percentage of receipts or sales, as described above), (2) charge rent that will be attributable to personal property in an amount greater than 15% of the total rent received under the applicable lease, or (3) enter into any lease with a related party tenant.
Amounts received as rent from a TRS are not excluded from rents from real property by reason of the related party rules described above, if the activities of the TRS and the nature of the properties it leases meet certain requirements. Generally, amounts received by us from our TRSs with respect to any lodging facilities we own will be considered rents from real property only if the following conditions are met:
| • | Each lodging facility must not be managed or operated by us or the TRS to which it is leased, but rather must be managed or operated by an eligible independent contractor that qualifies for U.S. federal tax purposes as an independent contractor that is actively engaged in the trade or business of operating lodging facilities for persons not related to us or the TRS. The test for such independent contractor’s eligibility is made at the time the independent contractor enters into a management agreement or other similar service contract with the TRS to operate the lodging facility; |
| • | The lodging facility is a (i) hotel, (ii) motel or (iii) other establishment, more than one-half of the dwelling units in which are used on a transient basis. A dwelling unit is generally understood to be used on a transient basis if, for more than one half of the days in which such unit is used on a rental basis during a taxable year, it is used by a tenant or series of tenants each of whom uses the unit for less than thirty days; |
| • | The TRS may not directly or indirectly provide to any person, under a franchise, license or otherwise, rights to any brand name under which any lodging facility is operated, except with respect to an independent contractor in relation to facilities it manages for or leases from us; and |
| • | No wagering activities may be conducted at or in connection with our lodging facilities by any person who is engaged in the business of accepting wagers and who is legally authorized to engage in such business. |
We expect that all lodging facilities we acquire will be operated in accordance with these requirements with the result that amounts received from a TRS will be considered rents from real property. The TRSs will pay regular corporate tax rates on any income they earn from the lease of our lodging facilities, as well as any other income they earn. In addition, the TRS rules limit the deductibility of interest paid or accrued by a TRS to its parent REIT to assure that the TRS is subject to an appropriate level of corporate taxation. Further, the rules impose a 100% excise tax on transactions between a TRS and its parent REIT or the REIT’s tenants whose terms are not on an arm’s-length basis.
Interest Income. It is possible that we will be paid interest on loans secured by real property. All interest income qualifies under the 95% Gross Income Test, and interest on loans secured by real property qualifies under the 75% Gross Income Test, provided in both cases, that the interest does not depend, in whole or in part, on the income or profits of any person (excluding amounts based on a fixed percentage of receipts or sales). If a loan is secured by both real property and other property, the interest on it may nevertheless qualify under the 75% Gross Income Test. We may acquire mortgage, mezzanine, bridge loans and other debt investments. Interest income constitutes qualifying mortgage interest for purposes of the 75% Gross Income Test to the extent that the obligation upon which such interest is paid is secured by a mortgage on real property. If we receive interest income with respect to a mortgage loan that is secured by both real property and other property, and the highest principal amount of the loan outstanding during a taxable year exceeds the fair market value of the real property on the date that we committed to acquire the loan, or agreed to modify the loan in a manner that is treated as an acquisition of a new loan for U.S. federal income tax purposes, then the interest income will be apportioned between the real property and the other collateral, and our income from the loan will qualify for purposes of the 75% Gross Income Test only to the extent that the interest is allocable to the real property. For purposes of the preceding sentence, however, under recently issued IRS guidance we do not need to re-determine the fair market value of real property in connection with a loan modification that is occasioned by a default or made at a time when we reasonably believe the modification to
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the loan will substantially reduce a significant risk of default on the original loan, and any such modification will not be treated as a prohibited transaction. All of our loans secured by real property will be structured so that the amount of the loan does not exceed the fair market value of the real property at the time of the loan commitment. Therefore, income generated through any investments in loans secured by real property should be treated as qualifying income under the 75% Gross Income Test.
Excess Inclusion Income. Pursuant to IRS guidance, a REIT’s excess inclusion income, including any excess inclusion income from a residual interest in a REMIC, must be allocated among its stockholders in proportion to dividends paid. The REIT is required to notify stockholders of the amount of “excess inclusion income” allocated to them. A stockholder’s share of excess inclusion income:
| • | cannot be offset by any net operating losses otherwise available to the stockholder, |
| • | is subject to tax as UBTI in the hands of most types of stockholders that are otherwise generally exempt from U.S. federal income tax, and |
| • | results in the application of U.S. federal income tax withholding at the maximum rate (30%), without reduction for any otherwise applicable income tax treaty or other exemption, to the extent allocable to most types of foreign stockholders. |
See “— Taxation of U.S. Stockholders.” Pursuant to IRS guidance, to the extent that excess inclusion income is allocated to a tax-exempt stockholder of a REIT that is not subject to UBTI (such as a government entity or charitable remainder trust), the REIT may be subject to tax on this income at the highest applicable corporate tax rate (currently 35%). In that case, the REIT could reduce distributions to such stockholders by the amount of such tax paid by the REIT attributable to such stockholder’s ownership. Treasury regulations provide that such a reduction in distributions does not give rise to a preferential dividend that could adversely affect the REIT’s compliance with its distribution requirements. See “— Annual Distribution Requirements.” The manner in which excess inclusion income is calculated, or would be allocated to stockholders, including allocations among shares of different classes of stock, is not clear under current law. As required by IRS guidance, we intend to make such determinations using a reasonable method. Tax-exempt investors, foreign investors and taxpayers with net operating losses should carefully consider the tax consequences described above, and are urged to consult their tax advisors.
Satisfaction of the Gross Income Tests. Our share of income from the properties will primarily give rise to rental income and gains on sales of the properties, substantially all of which will generally qualify under the 75% Gross Income and 95% Gross Income Tests. Our anticipated operations indicate that it is likely that we will have little or no non-qualifying income to cause adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences.
As described above, we may establish one or more TRS with which we could enter into leases for any properties in which we may invest. The gross income generated by our TRSs would not be included in our gross income. However, we would realize gross income from these subsidiaries in the form of rents. In addition, any dividends from our TRSs to us would be included in our gross income and qualify for the 95% Gross Income Test, but not the 75% Gross Income Test.
If we fail to satisfy either the 75% Gross Income or 95% Gross Income Tests for any taxable year, we may retain our qualification as a REIT for such year if we satisfy the IRS that: (i) the failure was due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect, (ii) we attach to our return a schedule describing the nature and amount of each item of our gross income, and (iii) any incorrect information on such schedule was not due to fraud with intent to evade U.S. federal income tax. If this relief provision is available, we would remain subject to tax equal to the greater of the amount by which we failed the 75% Gross Income Test or the 95% Gross Income Test, as applicable, multiplied by a fraction meant to reflect our profitability.
Annual Distribution Requirements. In addition to the other tests described above, we are required to distribute dividends (other than capital gain dividends) to our stockholders each year in an amount at least equal to the excess of: (i) the sum of: (a) 90% of our REIT taxable income (determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and by excluding any net capital gain); and (b) 90% of the net income (after tax) from foreclosure property; less (ii) the sum of some types of items of non-cash income. Whether sufficient amounts have been distributed is based on amounts paid in the taxable year to which they relate, or in the
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following taxable year if we: (1) declared a dividend before the due date of our tax return (including extensions); (2) distribute the dividend within the 12-month period following the close of the taxable year (and not later than the date of the first regular dividend payment made after such declaration); and (3) file an election with our tax return. Additionally, dividends that we declare in October, November or December in a given year payable to stockholders of record in any such month will be treated as having been paid on December 31st of that year so long as the dividends are actually paid during January of the following year. In order for distributions to be counted as satisfying the annual distribution requirements for REITs, and to provide us with a REIT-level tax deduction, the distributions must not be “preferential dividends.” A dividend is not a preferential dividend if the distribution is (1) pro rata among all outstanding shares of stock within a particular class, and (2) in accordance with the preferences among different classes of stock as set forth in our organizational documents. If we fail to meet the annual distribution requirements as a result of an adjustment to our U.S. federal income tax return by the IRS, or under certain other circumstances, we may cure the failure by paying a “deficiency dividend” (plus penalties and interest to the IRS) within a specified period.
If we do not distribute 100% of our REIT taxable income, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the undistributed portion. We also will be subject to an excise tax if we fail to currently distribute sufficient income. In order to make the “required distribution” with respect to a calendar year and avoid the excise tax, we must distribute the sum of (1) 85% of our REIT ordinary income for the calendar year, (2) 95% of our REIT capital gain net income for the calendar year, and (3) the excess, if any, of the grossed up required distribution (as defined in the Internal Revenue Code) for the preceding calendar year over the distributed amount for that preceding calendar year. Any excise tax liability would be equal to 4% of the difference between the amount required to be distributed and the amount actually distributed and would not be deductible by us.
We intend to pay sufficient dividends each year to satisfy the annual distribution requirements and avoid U.S. federal income and excise taxes on our earnings; however, it may not always be possible to do so. It is possible that we may not have sufficient cash or other liquid assets to meet the annual distribution requirements due to tax accounting rules and other timing differences. Other potential sources of non-cash taxable income include:
| • | “residual interests” in REMICs or taxable mortgage pools; |
| • | loans or mortgage-backed securities held as assets that are issued at a discount and require the accrual of taxable economic interest in advance of receipt in cash; and |
| • | loans on which the borrower is permitted to defer cash payments of interest, distressed loans on which we may be required to accrue taxable interest income even though the borrower is unable to make current servicing payments in cash, and debt securities purchased at a discount. |
We will closely monitor the relationship between our REIT taxable income and cash flow, and if necessary to comply with the annual distribution requirements, will attempt to borrow funds to fully provide the necessary cash flow or to pay dividends in the form of taxable in-kind distributions of property, including taxable stock dividends.
Failure to Qualify. If we fail to qualify, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as a REIT in any taxable year, we may be eligible for relief provisions if the failures are due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect and if a penalty tax is paid with respect to each failure to satisfy the applicable requirements. If the applicable relief provisions are not available or cannot be met, we will not be able to deduct our dividends and will be subject to U.S. federal income tax (including any applicable alternative minimum tax) on our taxable income at regular corporate rates, thereby reducing cash available for distributions. In such event, all distributions to stockholders (to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits) will be taxable as ordinary dividend income. This “double taxation” results from our failure to qualify as a REIT. Unless entitled to relief under specific statutory provisions, we will not be eligible to elect REIT qualification for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification was lost.
Recordkeeping Requirements. We are required to maintain records and request on an annual basis information from specified stockholders. These requirements are designed to assist us in determining the actual ownership of our outstanding stock and maintaining our qualification as a REIT.
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Prohibited Transactions. As discussed above, we will be subject to a 100% U.S. federal income tax on any net income derived from “prohibited transactions.” Net income derived from prohibited transactions arises from the sale or exchange of property held for sale to customers in the ordinary course of our business which is not foreclosure property. There is an exception to this rule for the sale of property that:
| • | is a real estate asset under the 75% Asset Test; |
| • | generally has been held for at least two years; |
| • | has aggregate expenditures which are includable in the basis of the property not in excess of 30% of the net selling price; |
| • | in some cases, was held for production of rental income for at least two years; |
| • | in some cases, substantially all of the marketing and development expenditures were made through an independent contractor; and |
| • | when combined with other sales in the year, either does not cause the REIT to have made more than seven sales of property during the taxable year (excluding sales of foreclosure property or in connection with an involuntary conversion) or occurs in a year when the REIT disposes of less than 10% of its assets (measured by U.S. federal income tax basis or fair market value, and ignoring involuntary dispositions and sales of foreclosure property). |
Although we will eventually sell each of the properties, our primary intention in acquiring and operating the properties is the production of rental income and we do not expect to hold any property for sale to customers in the ordinary course of our business. The 100% tax will not apply to gains from the sale of property that is held through a TRS or other taxable corporation, although such income will be subject to tax in the hands of the corporation at regular corporate income tax rates. As a general matter, any condominium conversions we might undertake must satisfy these restrictions to avoid being “prohibited transactions,” which will limit the annual number of transactions.
Characterization of Property Leases. We may purchase either new or existing properties and lease them to tenants. Our ability to claim certain tax benefits associated with ownership of these properties, such as depreciation, would depend on a determination that the lease transactions are true leases, under which we would be the owner of the leased property for U.S. federal income tax purposes, rather than a conditional sale of the property or a financing transaction. A determination by the IRS that we are not the owner of any properties for U.S. federal income tax purposes may have adverse consequences to us, such as the denial of depreciation deductions (which could affect the determination of our REIT taxable income subject to the distribution requirements) or the aggregate value of our assets invested in real estate (which could affect REIT asset testing).
Tax Aspects of Investments in Partnerships
General. We anticipate holding direct or indirect interests in one or more partnerships, including the operating partnership. We intend to operate as an Umbrella Partnership REIT, or UPREIT, which is a structure whereby we would own a direct interest in the operating partnership, and the operating partnership would, in turn, own the properties and may possibly own interests in other non-corporate entities that own properties. Such non-corporate entities would generally be organized as limited liability companies, partnerships or trusts and would either be disregarded for U.S. federal income tax purposes (if the operating partnership were the sole owner) or treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
The following is a summary of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of our investment in the operating partnership if the operating partnership is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. This discussion should also generally apply to any investment by us in a property partnership or other non-corporate entity.
A partnership (that is not a publicly traded partnership taxed as a corporation) is not subject to tax as an entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Rather, partners are allocated their allocable share of the items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit of the partnership, and are potentially subject to tax thereon, without regard to whether the partners receive any distributions from the partnership. We will be required to take into
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account our allocable share of the foregoing items for purposes of the various REIT gross income and asset tests, and in the computation of our REIT taxable income and U.S. federal income tax liability. Further, there can be no assurance that distributions from the operating partnership will be sufficient to pay the tax liabilities resulting from an investment in the operating partnership.
Generally, an entity with two or more members formed as a partnership or limited liability company under state law will be taxed as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes unless it specifically elects otherwise. Because the operating partnership was formed as a partnership under state law, for U.S. federal income tax purposes the operating partnership will be treated as a partnership, if it has two or more partners, or a disregarded entity, if it is treated as having one partner. We intend that interests in the operating partnership (and any partnership invested in by the operating partnership) will fall within one of the “safe harbors” for the partnership to avoid being classified as a publicly traded partnership. However, our ability to satisfy the requirements of some of these safe harbors depends on the results of actual operations and accordingly no assurance can be given that any such partnership will at all times satisfy one of such safe harbors. We reserve the right to not satisfy any safe harbor. Even if a partnership is a publicly traded partnership, it generally will not be treated as a corporation if at least 90% of its gross income each taxable year is from certain sources, which generally include rents from real property and other types of passive income. We believe that our operating partnership will have sufficient qualifying income so that it would be taxed as a partnership, even if it were treated as a publicly traded partnership.
If for any reason the operating partnership (or any partnership invested in by the operating partnership) is taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the character of our assets and items of gross income would change, and as a result, we would most likely be unable to satisfy the applicable requirements under U.S. federal income tax laws discussed above. In addition, any change in the status of any partnership may be treated as a taxable event, in which case we could incur a tax liability without a related cash distribution. Further, if any partnership was treated as a corporation, items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit of such partnership would be subject to corporate income tax, and the partners of any such partnership would be treated as stockholders, with distributions to such partners being treated as dividends.
Anti-abuse Treasury Regulations have been issued under the partnership provisions of the Internal Revenue Code that authorize the IRS, in some abusive transactions involving partnerships, to disregard the form of a transaction and recast it as it deems appropriate. The anti-abuse regulations apply where a partnership is utilized in connection with a transaction (or series of related transactions) with a principal purpose of substantially reducing the present value of the partners’ aggregate U.S. federal tax liability in a manner inconsistent with the intent of the partnership provisions. The anti-abuse regulations contain an example in which a REIT contributes the proceeds of a public offering to a partnership in exchange for a general partnership interest. The limited partners contribute real property assets to the partnership, subject to liabilities that exceed their respective aggregate bases in such property. The example concludes that the use of the partnership is not inconsistent with the intent of the partnership provisions, and thus, cannot be recast by the IRS. However, the anti-abuse regulations are extraordinarily broad in scope and are applied based on an analysis of all the facts and circumstances. As a result, we cannot assure you that the IRS will not attempt to apply the anti-abuse regulations to us. Any such action could potentially jeopardize our qualification as a REIT and materially affect the tax consequences and economic return resulting from an investment in us.
Income Taxation of Partnerships and their Partners. Although a partnership agreement will generally determine the allocation of a partnership’s income and losses among the partners, such allocations may be disregarded for U.S. federal income tax purposes under Internal Revenue Code Section 704(b) and the Treasury Regulations. If any allocation is not recognized for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the item subject to the allocation will be reallocated in accordance with the partners’ economic interests in the partnership. We believe that the allocations of taxable income and loss in the operating partnership agreement comply with the requirements of Internal Revenue Code Section 704(b) and the Treasury Regulations. For a description of allocations by the operating partnership to the partners, see the section entitled “Summary of Our Operating Partnership Agreement” in this prospectus.
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In some cases, special allocations of net profits or net losses will be required to comply with the U.S. federal income tax principles governing partnership tax allocations. Additionally, pursuant to Internal Revenue Code Section 704(c), income, gain, loss and deduction attributable to property contributed to the operating partnership in exchange for units must be allocated in a manner so that the contributing partner is charged with, or benefits from, the unrealized gain or loss attributable to the property at the time of contribution. The amount of such unrealized gain or loss is generally equal to the difference between the fair market value and the adjusted basis of the property at the time of contribution. These allocations are designed to eliminate book-tax differences by allocating to contributing partners lower amounts of depreciation deductions and increased taxable income and gain attributable to the contributed property than would ordinarily be the case for economic or book purposes. With respect to any property purchased by the operating partnership, such property will generally have an initial tax basis equal to its fair market value, and accordingly, Internal Revenue Code Section 704(c) will not apply, except as described further below in this paragraph. The application of the principles of Internal Revenue Code Section 704(c) in tiered partnership arrangements is not entirely clear. Accordingly, the IRS may assert a different allocation method than the one selected by the operating partnership to cure any book-tax differences. In certain circumstances, we create book-tax differences by adjusting the values of properties for economic or book purposes and generally the rules of Internal Revenue Code Section 704(c) of the Internal Revenue Code would apply to such differences as well.
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, our depreciation deductions generally will be computed using the straight-line method. Commercial buildings, structural components and improvements are generally depreciated over 40 years. Shorter depreciation periods apply to other properties. Some improvements to land are depreciated over 15 years. With respect to such improvements, however, taxpayers may elect to depreciate these improvements over 20 years using the straight-line method. For properties contributed to the operating partnership, depreciation deductions are calculated based on the transferor’s basis and depreciation method. Because depreciation deductions are based on the transferor’s basis in the contributed property, the operating partnership generally would be entitled to less depreciation than if the properties were purchased in a taxable transaction. The burden of lower depreciation will generally fall first on the contributing partner, but also may reduce the depreciation allocated to other partners.
Gain on the sale or other disposition of depreciable property is characterized as ordinary income (rather than capital gain) to the extent of any depreciation recapture. Buildings and improvements depreciated under the straight-line method of depreciation are generally not subject to depreciation recapture unless the property was held for less than one year. However, individuals, trusts and estates that hold shares either directly or through a pass-through entity may be subject to tax on the disposition on such assets at a rate of 25% rather than at the normal capital gains rate, to the extent that such assets have been depreciated.
Some expenses incurred in the conduct of the operating partnership’s activities may not be deducted in the year they were paid. To the extent this occurs, the taxable income of the operating partnership may exceed its cash receipts for the year in which the expense is paid. As discussed above, the costs of acquiring properties must generally be recovered through depreciation deductions over a number of years. Prepaid interest and loan fees, and prepaid management fees are other examples of expenses that may not be deducted in the year they were paid.
Taxation of U.S. Stockholders
Taxation of Taxable U.S. Stockholders. As long as we qualify as a REIT, distributions paid to our U.S. stockholders out of current or accumulated earnings and profits (and not designated as capital gain dividends or, for tax years beginning before January 1, 2013, qualified dividend income) will be ordinary income. Generally, for purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. Stockholder” is a person (other than a partnership or entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) that is, for U.S. federal income tax purposes:
| • | an individual citizen or resident of the United States for U.S. federal income tax purposes; |
| • | a corporation, or other entity taxable as a corporation, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia; |
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| • | an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or |
| • | a trust if (1) a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over its administration and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (2) the trust has a valid election in effect under current Treasury Regulations to be treated as a U.S. person. |
If a partnership or entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds our common stock, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner generally will depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. A partner of a partnership holding our common stock should consult its own tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences to the partner of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our stock by the partnership.
Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits are treated first as a tax-deferred return of capital to the U.S. Stockholder, reducing the U.S. Stockholder’s tax basis in his or her common stock by the amount of such distribution, and then as capital gain. Because our earnings and profits are reduced for depreciation and other non-cash items, it is possible that a portion of each distribution will constitute a tax-deferred return of capital. Additionally, because distributions in excess of earnings and profits reduce the U.S. Stockholder’s basis in our stock, this will increase the U.S. Stockholder’s gain on any subsequent sale of the stock.
Distributions that are designated as capital gain dividends will be taxed as long-term capital gain to the extent they do not exceed our actual net capital gain for the taxable year, without regard to the period for which the U.S. Stockholder that receives such distribution has held its stock. However, corporate stockholders may be required to treat up to 20% of some types of capital gain dividends as ordinary income. We also may decide to retain, rather than distribute, our net capital gain and pay any tax thereon. In such instances, U.S. Stockholders would include their proportionate shares of such gain in income as long-term capital gain, receive a credit on their returns for their proportionate share of our tax payments, and increase the tax basis of their shares of stock by the after-tax amount of such gain.
With respect to U.S. Stockholders who are taxed at the rates applicable to individuals, for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2013, we may elect to designate a portion of our distributions paid to such U.S. Stockholders as “qualified dividend income.” A portion of a distribution that is properly designated as qualified dividend income is taxable to non-corporate U.S. Stockholders as capital gain, provided that the U.S. Stockholder has held the common stock with respect to which the distribution is made for more than 60 days during the 121 day period beginning on the date that is 60 days before the date on which such common stock became ex-dividend with respect to the relevant distribution. The maximum amount of our distributions eligible to be designated as qualified dividend income for a taxable year is equal to the sum of:
| • | the qualified dividend income received by us during such taxable year from C corporations (including any TRSs); |
| • | the excess of any “undistributed” REIT taxable income recognized during the immediately preceding year over the U.S. federal income tax paid by us with respect to such undistributed REIT taxable income; and |
| • | the excess of any income recognized during the immediately preceding year attributable to the sale of a built-in-gain asset that was acquired in a carry-over basis transaction from a non-REIT corporation or had appreciated at the time our REIT election became effective over the U.S. federal income tax paid by us with respect to such built in gain. |
Generally, dividends that we receive will be treated as qualified dividend income for purposes of (1) above if the dividends are received from a regular, domestic C corporation, such as any TRSs, and specified holding period and other requirements are met.
Dividend income is characterized as “portfolio” income under the passive loss rules and cannot be offset by a stockholder’s current or suspended passive losses. Corporate stockholders cannot claim the dividends received deduction for such dividends unless we lose our REIT qualification. Although U.S. Stockholders generally will recognize taxable income in the year that a distribution is received, any distribution we declare
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in October, November or December of any year and is payable to a U.S Stockholder of record on a specific date in any such month will be treated as both paid by us and received by the U.S. Stockholder on December 31st of the year it was declared even if paid by us during January of the following calendar year. Because we are not a pass-through entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes, U.S. Stockholders may not use any of our operating or capital losses to reduce their tax liabilities.
We have the ability to declare a large portion of a dividend in shares of our stock. As long as a portion of such dividend is paid in cash (which portion can be as low as 10% for a REIT’s taxable years ending on or before December 31, 2011) and certain requirements are met, the entire distribution will be treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, U.S. Stockholders will be taxed on 100% of the dividend in the same manner as a cash dividend, even though most of the dividend was paid in shares of our stock. In general, any dividend on shares of our preferred stock will be taxable as a dividend, regardless of whether any portion is paid in stock.
In general, the sale of our common stock held for more than 12 months will produce long-term capital gain or loss. All other sales will produce short-term gain or loss. In each case, the gain or loss is equal to the difference between the amount of cash and fair market value of any property received from the sale and the U.S. Stockholder’s basis in the common stock sold. However, any loss from a sale or exchange of common stock by a U.S. Stockholder who has held such stock for six months or less generally will be treated as a long-term capital loss, to the extent that the U.S. Stockholder treated our distributions as long-term capital gain. The use of capital losses is subject to limitations.
For taxable years beginning before January 1, 2013, the maximum tax rate applicable to individuals and certain other noncorporate taxpayers on net capital gain recognized on the sale or other disposition of shares has been reduced from 20% to 15%, and the maximum marginal tax rate payable by them on dividends received from corporations that are subject to a corporate level of tax has been reduced. Except in limited circumstances, as discussed above, this reduced tax rate will not apply to dividends paid by us.
Certain U.S. Stockholders who are individuals, estates or trusts are required to pay a 3.8% tax on, among other things, dividends on and capital gains from the sale or other disposition of shares of stock for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2012. U.S. Stockholders should consult their tax advisors regarding the effect, if any, of this legislation on their ownership and disposition of shares of our common stock.
Taxation of Tax-Exempt Stockholders. U.S. tax-exempt entities, including qualified employee pension and profit sharing trusts and individual retirement accounts, generally are exempt from U.S. federal income taxation. However, they are subject to taxation on their unrelated business taxable income, or UBTI. While many investments in real estate may generate UBTI, the IRS has ruled that dividend distributions from a REIT to a tax-exempt entity do not constitute UBTI. Based on that ruling, our distributions to a U.S. Stockholder that is a domestic tax-exempt entity should not constitute UBTI unless such U.S. Stockholder borrows funds (or otherwise incurs acquisition indebtedness within the meaning of the Internal Revenue Code) to acquire its common shares, or the common shares are otherwise used in an unrelated trade or business of the tax-exempt entity. Furthermore, part or all of the income or gain recognized with respect to our stock held by certain domestic tax-exempt entities including social clubs, voluntary employee benefit associations, supplemental unemployment benefit trusts and qualified group legal service plans (all of which are exempt from U.S. federal income taxation under Internal Revenue Code Sections 501(c)(7), (9), (17) or (20)), may be treated as UBTI.
Special rules apply to the ownership of REIT shares by some tax-exempt pension trusts. If we would be “closely-held” (discussed above with respect to the share ownership tests) because the stock held by tax-exempt pension trusts was viewed as being held by the trusts rather than by their respective beneficiaries, tax-exempt pension trusts owning more than 10% by value of our stock may be required to treat a percentage of our dividends as UBTI. This rule applies if: (i) at least one tax-exempt pension trust owns more than 25% by value of our shares, or (ii) one or more tax-exempt pension trusts (each owning more than 10% by value of our shares) hold in the aggregate more than 50% by value of our shares. The percentage treated as UBTI is our gross income (less direct expenses) derived from an unrelated trade or business (determined as if we were a tax-exempt pension trust) divided by our gross income from all sources (less direct expenses). If this percentage is less than 5%, however, none of the dividends will be treated as UBTI. Because of the
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restrictions in our charter regarding the ownership concentration of our common stock, we believe that a tax-exempt pension trust should not become subject to these rules. However, because our common shares may become publicly traded, we can give no assurance of this.
Prospective tax-exempt purchasers should consult their own tax advisors and financial planners as to the applicability of these rules and consequences to their particular circumstances.
Backup Withholding and Information Reporting. We will report to our U.S. Stockholders and the IRS the amount of dividends paid during each calendar year and the amount of any tax withheld. Under the backup withholding rules, a U.S. Stockholder may be subject to backup withholding at the current rate of 28% with respect to dividends paid, unless the U.S. Stockholder (1) is a corporation or comes within other exempt categories and, when required, demonstrates this fact or (2) provides a taxpayer identification number or social security number, certifies under penalties of perjury that such number is correct and that such U.S. Stockholder is not subject to backup withholding and otherwise complies with applicable requirements of the backup withholding rules. A U.S. Stockholder that does not provide his, her or its correct taxpayer identification number or social security number may also be subject to penalties imposed by the IRS. In addition, we may be required to withhold a portion of capital gain distribution to any U.S. Stockholder who fails to certify its non-foreign status.
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be allowed as a refund or a credit against such U.S. Stockholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, provided the required information is furnished to the IRS.
For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2013, a U.S. withholding tax at a 30% rate will be imposed on dividends and, after December 31, 2014, proceeds of sale in respect of our common stock received by U.S. Stockholders who own their stock through foreign accounts or foreign intermediaries if certain disclosure requirements related to U.S. accounts or ownership are not satisfied. We will not pay any additional amounts in respect to any amounts withheld.
Taxation of Non-U.S. Stockholders.
General. The rules governing the U.S. federal income taxation of Non-U.S. Stockholders are complex, and as such, only a summary of such rules is provided in this prospectus. Non-U.S. investors should consult with their own tax advisors and financial planners to determine the impact that U.S. federal, state and local income tax or similar laws will have on such investors as a result of an investment in our REIT. A “Non-U.S. Stockholder” means a person (other than a partnership or entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) that is not a U.S. Stockholder.
Distributions — In General. Distributions paid by us that are not attributable to gain from our sales or exchanges of USRPIs and not designated by us as capital gain dividends will be treated as dividends of ordinary income to the extent that they are made out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits. Such dividends to Non-U.S. Stockholders ordinarily will be subject to a withholding tax equal to 30% of the gross amount of the dividend unless an applicable tax treaty reduces or eliminates that tax. Under some treaties, however, lower rates generally applicable to dividends do not apply to dividends from REITs. If income from the investment in the common shares is treated as effectively connected with the Non-U.S. Stockholder’s conduct of a U.S. trade or business, the Non-U.S. Stockholder generally will be subject to a tax at the graduated rates applicable to ordinary income, in the same manner as U.S. stockholders are taxed with respect to such dividends (and also may be subject to the 30% branch profits tax in the case of a stockholder that is a foreign corporation that is not entitled to any treaty exemption). In general, Non-U.S. Stockholders will not be considered to be engaged in a U.S. trade or business solely as a result of their ownership of our stock. Dividends in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits will not be taxable to a stockholder to the extent they do not exceed the adjusted basis of the stockholder’s shares. Instead, they will reduce the adjusted basis of such shares. To the extent that such dividends exceed the adjusted basis of a Non-U.S. Stockholder’s shares, they will give rise to tax liability if the Non-U.S. Stockholder would otherwise be subject to tax on any gain from the sale or disposition of his shares, as described in the “Sales of Shares” portion of this Section below.
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Distributions Attributable to Sale or Exchange of Real Property. Pursuant to FIRPTA, distributions that are attributable to gain from our sales or exchanges of USRPIs will be taxed to a Non-U.S. Stockholder as if such gain were effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business. Non-U.S. Stockholders would thus be taxed at the normal capital gain rates applicable to U.S. Stockholders, and would be subject to applicable alternative minimum tax and a special alternative minimum tax in the case of nonresident alien individuals. Also, such dividends may be subject to a 30% branch profits tax in the hands of a corporate Non-U.S. Stockholder not entitled to any treaty exemption. However, generally, pursuant to FIRPTA, a capital gain dividend from a REIT is not treated as effectively connected income for a Non-U.S. Stockholder if (i) the distribution is received with respect to a class of stock that is regularly traded on an established securities market located in the U.S.; and (ii) the Non-U.S. Stockholder does not own more than 5% of the class of stock at any time during the one-year period ending on the date of such distribution. However, it is not anticipated that our shares will be “regularly traded” on an established securities market for the foreseeable future, and therefore, this exception is not expected to apply.
U.S. Federal Income Tax Withholding on Distributions. For U.S. federal income tax withholding purposes, we will generally withhold tax at the rate of 30% on the amount of any distribution (other than distributions designated as capital gain dividends) made to a Non-U.S. Stockholder, unless the Non-U.S. Stockholder provides us with appropriate documentation (i) evidencing that such Non-U.S. Stockholder is eligible for an exemption or reduced rate under an applicable income tax treaty, generally an IRS Form W-8BEN (in which case we will withhold at the lower treaty rate) or (ii) claiming that the dividend is effectively connected with the Non-U.S. Stockholder’s conduct of a trade or business within the U.S., generally an IRS Form W-8ECI (in which case we will not withhold tax). We are also generally required to withhold tax at the rate of 35% on the portion of any dividend to a Non-U.S. Stockholder that is or could be designated by us as a capital gain dividend, to the extent attributable to gain on a sale or exchange of an interest in U.S. real property. Such withheld amounts of tax do not represent actual tax liabilities, but rather, represent payments in respect of those tax liabilities described in the preceding two paragraphs. Therefore, such withheld amounts are creditable by the Non-U.S. Stockholder against its actual U.S. federal income tax liabilities, including those described in the preceding two paragraphs. The Non-U.S. Stockholder would be entitled to a refund of any amounts withheld in excess of such Non-U.S. Stockholder’s actual U.S. federal income tax liabilities, provided that the Non-U.S. Stockholder files applicable returns or refund claims with the IRS.
Sales of Shares. Gain recognized by a Non-U.S. Stockholder upon a sale of shares generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxation, provided that: (i) such gain is not effectively connected with the conduct by such Non-U.S. Stockholder of a trade or business within the U.S.; (ii) the Non-U.S. Stockholder is an individual and is not present in the U.S. for 183 days or more during the taxable year and certain other conditions apply; and (iii) (A) our REIT is “domestically controlled,” which generally means that less than 50% in value of our shares continues to be held directly or indirectly by foreign persons during a continuous five year period ending on the date of disposition or, if shorter, during the entire period of our existence, or (B) our common shares are “regularly traded” on an established securities market and the selling Non-U.S. Stockholder has not held more than 5% of our outstanding common shares at any time during the five-year period ending on the date of the sale.
We cannot assure you that we will qualify as “domestically controlled”. If we were not domestically controlled, a Non-U.S. Stockholder’s sale of common shares would be subject to tax, unless the common shares were regularly traded on an established securities market and the selling Non-U.S. Stockholder has not directly, or indirectly, owned during the five-year period ending on the date of sale more than 5% in value of our common shares. However, it is not anticipated that our common shares will be “regularly traded” on an established market. If the gain on the sale of shares were to be subject to taxation, the Non-U.S. Stockholder would be subject to the same treatment as U.S. Stockholders with respect to such gain, and the purchaser of such common shares may be required to withhold 10% of the gross purchase price.
If the proceeds of a disposition of common stock are paid by or through a U.S. office of a broker-dealer, the payment is generally subject to information reporting and to backup withholding unless the disposing Non-U.S. Stockholder certifies as to its name, address and non-U.S. status or otherwise establishes an exemption. Generally, U.S. information reporting and backup withholding will not apply to a payment of
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disposition proceeds if the payment is made outside the U.S. through a foreign office of a foreign broker-dealer. Under Treasury Regulations, if the proceeds from a disposition of common stock paid to or through a foreign office of a U.S. broker-dealer or a non-U.S. office of a foreign broker-dealer that is (i) a “controlled foreign corporation” for U.S. federal income tax purposes, (ii) a person 50% or more of whose gross income from all sources for a three-year period was effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business, (iii) a foreign partnership with one or more partners who are U.S. persons and who, in the aggregate, hold more than 50% of the income or capital interest in the partnership, or (iv) a foreign partnership engaged in the conduct of a trade or business in the U.S., then (A) backup withholding will not apply unless the broker-dealer has actual knowledge that the owner is not a Non-U.S. Stockholder, and (B) information reporting will not apply if the Non-U.S. Stockholder certifies its non-U.S. status and further certifies that it has not been, and at the time the certificate is furnished reasonably expects not to be, present in the U.S. for a period aggregating 183 days or more during each calendar year to which the certification pertains. Prospective foreign purchasers should consult their tax advisors and financial planners concerning these rules.
With respect to payments made after December 31, 2013, a withholding tax of 30% will be imposed on dividends from, and, after December 31, 2014, the gross proceeds of a disposition of, our common stock paid to certain foreign entities unless various information reporting requirements are satisfied. Such withholding tax will generally apply to non-U.S. financial institutions, which is generally defined for this purpose as any non-U.S. entity that (i) accepts deposits in the ordinary course of a banking or similar business, (ii) is engaged in the business of holding financial assets for the account of others, or (iii) is engaged or holds itself out as being engaged primarily in the business of investing, reinvesting, or trading in securities, partnership interests, commodities, or any interest in such assets. Non-U.S. Stockholders are encouraged to consult their tax advisors regarding the implications of this legislation on their investment in our common stock.
Other Tax Considerations
Distribution Reinvestment Plan. Stockholders who participate in the distribution reinvestment plan will recognize taxable dividend income in the amount they would have received had they elected not to participate, even though they receive no cash. These deemed dividends will be treated as actual dividends from us to the participating stockholders and will retain the character and U.S. federal income tax effects applicable to all dividends. See “Taxation of U.S. Stockholders” in this section. Stock received under the plan will have a holding period beginning with the day after purchase, and a U.S. federal income tax basis equal to its cost, which is the gross amount of the deemed distribution.
Share Repurchase Program. A redemption of our shares will be treated under Internal Revenue Code Section 302 as a taxable dividend (to the extent of our current or accumulated earnings and profits), unless the redemption satisfies certain tests set forth in Internal Revenue Code Section 302(b) enabling the redemption to be treated as a sale or exchange of our shares. The redemption will satisfy such test if it (i) is “substantially disproportionate” with respect to the stockholder, (ii) results in a “complete termination” of the stockholder’s stock interest in us, or (iii) is “not essentially equivalent to a dividend” with respect to the stockholder, all within the meaning of Internal Revenue Code Section 302(b). In determining whether any of these tests have been met, shares considered to be owned by the stockholder by reason of certain constructive ownership rules set forth in the Internal Revenue Code, as well as shares actually owned, must generally be taken into account. Because the determination as to whether any of the alternative tests of Internal Revenue Code Section 302(b) is satisfied with respect to any particular stockholder of our shares will depend upon the facts and circumstances at the time the determination is made, prospective investors are advised to consult their own tax advisors to determine such tax treatment. If a redemption of our shares is treated as a distribution that is taxable as dividend, the amount of the distribution would be measured by the amount of cash and the fair market value of any property received by the stockholders. The stockholder’s adjusted tax basis in such redeemed shares would be transferred to the stockholder’s remaining stockholdings in us. If, however, the stockholder has no remaining stockholdings in us, such basis may, under certain circumstances, be transferred to a related person or it may be lost entirely.
State, Local and Foreign Taxes. We and you may be subject to state, local or foreign taxation in various jurisdictions, including those in which we transact business or reside. Our and your state, local and foreign tax treatment may not conform to the U.S. federal income tax consequences discussed above. Any foreign taxes incurred by us would not pass through to stockholders as a credit against their U.S. federal income tax
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liability. You should consult your own tax advisors and financial planners regarding the effect of state, local and foreign tax laws on an investment in the common shares.
Legislative Proposals. You should recognize that our and your present U.S. federal income tax treatment may be modified by legislative, judicial or administrative actions at any time, which may be retroactive in effect. The rules dealing with U.S. federal income taxation are constantly under review by Congress, the IRS and the Treasury Department, and statutory changes as well as promulgation of new regulations, revisions to existing statutes, and revised interpretations of established concepts occur frequently. We are not currently aware of any pending legislation that would materially affect our or your taxation as described in this prospectus. You should, however, consult your advisors concerning the status of legislative proposals that may pertain to a purchase of our common shares.
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INVESTMENT BY TAX-EXEMPT ENTITIES AND ERISA CONSIDERATIONS
General
The following is a summary of certain additional considerations associated with an investment in our shares by tax-qualified pension, stock bonus or profit-sharing plans, employee benefit plans described in Section 3(3) and subject to Title I of ERISA, annuities described in Section 403(a) or (b) of the Internal Revenue Code, an individual retirement account or annuity described in Sections 408 or 408A of the Internal Revenue Code, an Archer MSA described in Section 220(d) of the Internal Revenue Code, a health savings account described in Section 223(d) of the Internal Revenue Code, or a Coverdell education savings account described in Section 530 of the Internal Revenue Code, which are referred to as Plans and IRAs, as applicable. This summary is based on provisions of ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code, including amendments thereto through the date of this prospectus, and relevant regulations and opinions issued by the Department of Labor and the IRS through the date of this prospectus and is designed only to provide a general conceptual understanding of certain basic issues relevant to a Plan or IRA investor. We cannot assure you that adverse tax decisions or legislative, regulatory or administrative changes that would significantly modify the statements expressed herein will not occur. Any such changes may or may not apply to transactions entered into prior to the date of their enactment.
Our management has attempted to structure us in such a manner that we will be an attractive investment vehicle for Plans and IRAs. However, in considering an investment in our shares, those involved with making such an investment decision should consider applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code and ERISA. While each of the ERISA and Internal Revenue Code issues discussed below may not apply to all Plans and IRAs, individuals involved with making investment decisions with respect to Plans and IRAs should carefully review the rules and exceptions described below, and determine their applicability to their situation. This discussion should not be considered legal advice and prospective investors are required to consult their own legal advisors on these matters.
In general, individuals making investment decisions with respect to Plans and IRAs should, at a minimum, consider:
| • | whether the investment is in accordance with the documents and instruments governing such Plan or IRA; |
| • | whether the investment satisfies the prudence and diversification and other fiduciary requirements of ERISA, if applicable; |
| • | whether the investment will result in UBTI to the Plan or IRA (see the section entitled “Certain Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations — Taxation of U.S. Stockholders — Taxation of Tax-Exempt Stockholders” in this prospectus); |
| • | whether there is sufficient liquidity for the Plan or IRA, considering the minimum and other distribution requirements under the Internal Revenue Code and the liquidity needs of such Plan or IRA, after taking this investment into account; |
| • | the need to value the assets of the Plan or IRA annually or more frequently; and |
| • | whether the investment would constitute or give rise to a prohibited transaction under ERISA or the Internal Revenue Code, if applicable. |
Additionally, individuals making investment decisions with respect to Plans and IRAs must remember that ERISA requires that the assets of an employee benefit plan must generally be held in trust.
Minimum and Other Distribution Requirements — Plan Liquidity
Potential Plan or IRA investors who intend to purchase our shares should consider the limited liquidity of an investment in our shares as it relates to the minimum distribution requirements under the Internal Revenue Code, if applicable, and as it relates to other distributions (such as, for example, cash out distributions) that may be required under the terms of the Plan or IRA from time to time. If the shares are held in an IRA or Plan and, before we sell our properties, mandatory or other distributions are required to be made to the participant or beneficiary of such IRA or Plan, pursuant to the Internal Revenue Code, then this could require
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that a distribution of the shares be made in kind to such participant or beneficiary or that a rollover of such shares be made to an IRA or other plan, which may not be permissible under the terms and provisions of the IRA or Plan. Even if permissible, a distribution of shares in kind to a participant or beneficiary of an IRA or Plan must be included in the taxable income of the recipient for the year in which the shares are received at the then-current fair market value of the shares, even though there would be no corresponding cash distribution with which to pay the income tax liability arising because of the distribution of shares. See the section entitled “Risk Factors — U.S. Federal Income Tax Risks” in this prospectus. The fair market value of any such distribution-in-kind can be only an estimated value per share because no public market for our shares exists or is likely to develop. See the section entitled “Annual or More Frequent Valuation Requirement” below. Further, there can be no assurance that such estimated value could actually be realized by a stockholder because estimates do not necessarily indicate the price at which our shares could be sold. Also, for distributions subject to mandatory income tax withholding under Section 3405 or other tax withholding provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, the trustee of a Plan may have an obligation, even in situations involving in-kind distributions of shares, to liquidate a portion of the in-kind shares distributed in order to satisfy such withholding obligations, although there might be no market for such shares. There also may be similar state and/or local tax withholding or other tax obligations that should be considered.
Annual or More Frequent Valuation Requirement
Fiduciaries of Plans may be required to determine the fair market value of the assets of such Plans on at least an annual basis and, sometimes, as frequently as quarterly. If the fair market value of any particular asset is not readily available, the fiduciary is required to make a good faith determination of that asset’s value. Also, a trustee or custodian of an IRA must provide an IRA participant and the IRS with a statement of the value of the IRA each year. However, currently, neither the IRS nor the Department of Labor has promulgated regulations specifying how “fair market value” should be determined.
Unless and until our shares are listed on a national securities exchange, it is not expected that a public market for our shares will develop. To assist fiduciaries of Plans subject to the annual reporting requirements of ERISA and IRA trustees or custodians to prepare reports relating to an investment in our shares, we intend to provide reports of our quarterly and annual determinations of the current estimated share value to those fiduciaries (including IRA trustees and custodians) who identify themselves to us and request the reports. Until 18 months after the completion of any subsequent offerings of our shares, if any, (excluding offerings under our distribution reinvestment plan), we intend to use the offering price of shares in our most recent offering as the per share value (unless we have made a special distribution to stockholders of net sales proceeds from the sale of one or more properties prior to the date of determination of the per share value, in which case we will use the offering price less the per share amount of the special distribution). Beginning 18 months after the completion of the last offering of our shares, our board of directors will determine the value of the properties and our other assets based on such information as our board determines appropriate, which may or may not include independent valuations of our properties or of our enterprise as a whole.
We anticipate that we will provide annual reports of our determination of value (1) to IRA trustees and custodians not later than January 15 of each year, and (2) to other Plan fiduciaries within 75 days after the end of each calendar year. Each determination may be based upon valuation information available as of October 31 of the preceding year, updated, however, for any material changes occurring between October 31 and December 31.
There can be no assurance, however, with respect to any estimate of value that we prepare, that:
| • | the estimated value per share would actually be realized by our stockholders upon liquidation, because these estimates do not necessarily indicate the price at which properties can be sold; |
| • | our stockholders would be able to realize estimated net asset values if they were to attempt to sell their shares, because no public market for our shares exists or is likely to develop; or |
| • | that the value, or method used to establish value, would comply with ERISA or Internal Revenue Code requirements described above. |
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Fiduciary Obligations — Prohibited Transactions
Any person identified as a “fiduciary” with respect to a Plan has duties and obligations under ERISA as discussed herein. For purposes of ERISA, any person who exercises any authority or control with respect to the management or disposition of the assets of a Plan is considered to be a fiduciary of such Plan. Further, many transactions between a Plan or an IRA and a “party-in-interest” or a “disqualified person” with respect to such Plan or IRA are prohibited by ERISA and/or the Internal Revenue Code. ERISA also requires generally that the assets of Plans be held in trust.
If our properties and other assets were deemed to be assets of a Plan or IRA, referred to herein as “plan assets,” our directors would, and employees of our affiliates might be deemed fiduciaries of any Plans or IRAs investing as stockholders. If this were to occur, certain contemplated transactions between us and our directors and employees of our affiliates could be deemed to be “prohibited transactions.” Additionally, ERISA’s fiduciary standards applicable to investments by Plans would extend to our directors and possibly employees of our affiliates as Plan fiduciaries with respect to investments made by us.
Plan Assets — Definition
Prior to the passage of the Pension Protection Act of 2006, or the PPA, neither ERISA nor the Internal Revenue Code contained a definition of “plan assets.” After the passage of the PPA, new Section 3(42) of ERISA now defines “plan assets” in accordance with Department of Labor regulations with certain express exceptions. A Department of Labor regulation, referred to in this discussion as the Plan Asset Regulation, as modified or deemed to be modified by the express exceptions noted in the PPA, provides guidelines as to whether, and under what circumstances, the underlying assets of an entity will be deemed to constitute “plan assets.” Under the Plan Asset Regulation, the assets of an entity in which a Plan or IRA makes an equity investment generally will be deemed to be assets of such Plan or IRA unless the entity satisfies one of the exceptions to this general rule. Generally, the exceptions require that the investment in the entity be one of the following:
| • | in securities issued by an investment company registered under the Investment Company Act; |
| • | in “publicly offered securities,” defined generally as interests that are “freely transferable,” “widely held” and registered with the SEC; |
| • | in an “operating company,” which includes “venture capital operating companies” and “real estate operating companies;” or |
| • | in which equity participation by “benefit plan investors” is not significant. |
Plan Assets — Registered Investment Company Exception
The shares we are offering will not be issued by a registered investment company. Therefore we do not anticipate that we will qualify for the exception for investments issued by a registered investment company.
Publicly Offered Securities Exemption
As noted above, if a Plan acquires “publicly offered securities,” the assets of the issuer of the securities will not be deemed to be “plan assets” under the Plan Asset Regulation. The definition of publicly offered securities requires that such securities be “widely held,” “freely transferable” and satisfy registration requirements under federal securities laws.
Under the Plan Asset Regulation, a class of securities will meet the registration requirements under federal securities laws if they are (i) part of a class of securities registered under section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, or (ii) part of an offering of securities to the public pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act and the class of securities of which such security is a part is registered under the Exchange Act within 120 days (or such later time as may be allowed by the SEC) after the end of the fiscal year of the issuer during which the offering of such securities to the public occurred. We anticipate that we will meet the registration requirements under the Plan Asset Regulation. Also under the Plan Asset Regulation, a class of securities will be “widely held” if it is held by 100 or more persons independent of the issuer. We anticipate that this requirement will be easily met.
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Although our shares are intended to satisfy the registration requirements under this definition, and we expect that our securities will be “widely-held”, the “freely transferable” requirement must also be satisfied in order for us to qualify for the “publicly offered securities” exception.
The Plan Asset Regulation provides that “whether a security is ‘freely transferable’ is a factual question to be determined on the basis of all relevant facts and circumstances.” Our shares are subject to certain restrictions on transferability typically found in REITs, and are intended to ensure that we continue to qualify for U.S. federal income tax treatment as a REIT. The Plan Asset Regulation provides, however, that where the minimum investment in a public offering of securities is $10,000 or less, the presence of a restriction on transferability intended to prohibit transfers that would result in a termination or reclassification of the entity for U.S. federal or state tax purposes will not ordinarily affect a determination that such securities are “freely transferable.” The minimum investment in our shares is less than $10,000. Thus, the restrictions imposed in order to maintain our status as a REIT should not prevent the shares from being deemed “freely transferable.” Therefore, we anticipate that we will meet the “publicly offered securities” exception, although there are no assurances that we will qualify for this exception.
Plan Assets — Operating Company Exception
If we are deemed not to qualify for the “publicly offered securities” exemption, the Plan Asset Regulation also provides an exception with respect to securities issued by an “operating company,” which includes “venture capital operating companies” and “real estate operating companies.” To constitute a venture capital operating company, 50% of more of the assets of the entity must be invested in “venture capital investments.” A venture capital investment is an investment in an operating company (other than a venture capital operating company but including a real estate operating company) as to which the entity has or obtains direct management rights. To constitute a real estate operating company, 50% or more of the assets of an entity must be invested in real estate which is managed or developed and with respect to which such entity has the right to substantially participate directly in the management or development activities.
While the Plan Asset Regulation and relevant opinions issued by the Department of Labor regarding real estate operating companies are not entirely clear as to whether an investment in real estate must be “direct”, it is common practice to insure that an investment is made either (i) “directly” into real estate, (ii) through wholly-owned subsidiaries, or (iii) through entities in which all but a de minimis interest is separately held by an affiliate solely to comply with the minimum safe harbor requirements established by the IRS for classification as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. We have structured ourselves in a manner in that should enable us to meet the venture capital operating company exception and our operating partnership to meet the real estate operating company exception.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, 50% of our operating partnership’s investments must be in real estate over which it maintains the right to substantially participate in the management and development activities. An example in the Plan Asset Regulation indicates that if 50% or more of an entity’s properties are subject to long-term leases under which substantially all management and maintenance activities with respect to the properties are the responsibility of the lessee, such that the entity merely assumes the risk of ownership of income-producing real property, then the entity may not be eligible for the “real estate operating company” exception. By contrast, a second example in the Plan Asset Regulation indicates that if 50% or more of an entity’s investments are in shopping centers in which individual stores are leased for relatively short periods to various merchants, as opposed to long-term leases where substantially all management and maintenance activities are the responsibility of the lessee, then the entity will likely qualify as a real estate operating company. The second example further provides that the entity may retain contractors, including affiliates, to conduct the management of the properties so long as the entity has the responsibility to supervise and the authority to terminate the contractors. We intend to use contractors over which we have the right to supervise and the authority to terminate. Due to the uncertainty of the application of the standards set forth in the Plan Asset Regulation, there can be no assurance as to our ability to structure our operations, or the operations of our operating partnership, as the case may be, to qualify for the “venture capital operating company” and “real estate operating company” exceptions.
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Plan Assets — Not Significant Investment Exception
The Plan Asset Regulation provides that equity participation in an entity by benefit plan investors is “significant” if at any time 25% or more of the value of any class of equity interests is held by benefit plan investors. As modified by the PPA, a “benefit plan investor” is now defined to mean an employee benefit plan subject to Part 4 of Subtitle B of Title I of ERISA, any plan to which Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code applies and any entity whose underlying assets include plan assets by reason of a plan’s investment in such entity. If we determine that we fail to meet the “publicly offered securities” exception, as a result of a failure to sell an adequate number of shares or otherwise, and we cannot ultimately establish that we are an operating company, we intend to restrict ownership of each class of equity interests held by benefit plan investors to an aggregate value of less than 25% and thus qualify for the exception for investments in which equity participation by benefit plan investors is not significant.
Consequences of Holding Plan Assets
If our underlying assets were treated by the Department of Labor as “plan assets,” our management would be treated as fiduciaries with respect to each Plan or IRA stockholder, and an investment in our shares might expose the fiduciaries of the Plan or IRA to co-fiduciary liability under ERISA for any breach by our management of the fiduciary duties mandated under ERISA. Further, if our assets are deemed to be “plan assets,” an investment by a Plan or IRA in our shares might be deemed to result in an impermissible commingling of “plan assets” with other property.
If our management or affiliates were treated as fiduciaries with respect to Plan or IRA stockholders, the prohibited transaction restrictions of ERISA and/or the Internal Revenue Code would apply to any transaction involving our assets. These restrictions could, for example, require that we avoid transactions with entities that are affiliated with our affiliates or us or restructure our activities in order to obtain an administrative exemption from the prohibited transaction restrictions. Alternatively, we might have to provide Plan or IRA stockholders with the opportunity to sell their shares to us or we might dissolve or terminate.
Prohibited Transactions
Generally, both ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code prohibit Plans and IRAs from engaging in certain transactions involving “plan assets” with specified parties, such as sales or exchanges or leasing of property, loans or other extensions of credit, furnishing goods or services, or transfers to, or use of, “plan assets.” The specified parties are referred to as “parties-in-interest” under ERISA and as “disqualified persons” under the Internal Revenue Code. These definitions generally include “persons providing services” to the Plan or IRA, as well as employer sponsors of the Plan or IRA, fiduciaries and certain other individuals or entities affiliated with the foregoing.
A person generally is a fiduciary with respect to a Plan or IRA for these purposes if, among other things, the person has discretionary authority or control with respect to “plan assets” or provides investment advice for a fee with respect to “plan assets.” Under Department of Labor regulations, a person will be deemed to be providing investment advice if that person renders advice as to the advisability of investing in our shares, and that person regularly provides investment advice to the Plan or IRA pursuant to a mutual agreement or understanding that such advice will serve as the primary basis for investment decisions, and that the advice will be individualized for the Plan or IRA based on its particular needs. Thus, if we are deemed to hold “plan assets,” our management could be characterized as fiduciaries with respect to such assets, and each would be deemed to be a party-in-interest under ERISA and a disqualified person under the Internal Revenue Code with respect to investing Plans and IRAs. Whether or not we are deemed to hold “plan assets,” if we or our affiliates are affiliated with a Plan or IRA investor, we might be a disqualified person or party-in-interest with respect to such Plan or IRA investor, resulting in a prohibited transaction merely upon investment by such Plan or IRA in our shares.
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Prohibited Transactions — Consequences
ERISA forbids Plans from engaging in non-exempt prohibited transactions. Fiduciaries of a Plan that allow a prohibited transaction to occur will breach their fiduciary responsibilities under ERISA, and may be liable for any damage sustained by the Plan, as well as civil (and criminal, if the violation was willful) penalties. If it is determined by the Department of Labor or the IRS that a non-exempt prohibited transaction has occurred, any disqualified person or party-in-interest involved with the prohibited transaction would be required to reverse or unwind the transaction and, for a Plan, compensate the Plan for any loss resulting therefrom. Additionally, the Internal Revenue Code requires that a disqualified person involved with a non-exempt prohibited transaction must pay an excise tax equal to a percentage of the “amount involved” in the transaction for each year in which the transaction remains uncorrected. The percentage is generally 15%, but is increased to 100% if the non-exempt prohibited transaction is not corrected promptly. For IRAs, if an IRA engages in a non-exempt prohibited transaction, the tax-exempt status of the IRA may be lost.
Reporting
Based on certain revisions to the Form 5500 Annual Return, or Form 5500, that generally became effective on January 1, 2009, benefit plan investors may be required to report certain compensation paid by us (or by third parties) to our service providers as “reportable indirect compensation” on Schedule C to Form 5500. To the extent any compensation arrangements described herein constitute reportable indirect compensation, any such descriptions are intended to satisfy the disclosure requirements for the alternative reporting option for “eligible indirect compensation,” as defined for purposes of Schedule C to the Form 5500.
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DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES
We were formed under the laws of the state of Maryland. The rights of our stockholders are governed by Maryland law as well as our charter and by-laws. The following summary of the terms of our common stock is only a summary, and you should refer to the Maryland General Corporation Law and our charter and by-laws for a full description. The following summary is qualified in its entirety by the more detailed information contained in our charter and by-laws. Copies of our charter and by-laws are available upon request.
Our charter authorizes us to issue up to 350,000,000 shares of stock, of which 300,000,000 shares are designated as common stock at $0.01 par value per share and 50,000,000 shares are designated as preferred stock at $0.01 par value per share. As of the date of this prospectus, 4.2 million shares of our common stock were issued and outstanding, held by 1,521 stockholders, and 2.1 million shares of preferred stock were issued and outstanding. Our board of directors, with the approval of a majority of the entire board and without any action taken by our stockholders, may amend our charter to increase or decrease the aggregate number of our authorized shares or the number of shares of any class or series that we have authority to issue.
Our charter also contains a provision permitting our board of directors, by resolution, to classify or reclassify any unissued common stock or preferred stock into one or more classes or series by setting or changing the preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications, or terms or conditions of redemption of any new class or series of stock, subject to certain restrictions, including the express terms of any class or series of stock outstanding at the time. Our charter requires us to ensure that the voting rights per share (other than any publicly held share) sold in any private offering will not exceed the voting rights which bear the same relationship to the voting rights of a publicly held share as the consideration paid to us for each privately offered share bears to the book value of each outstanding publicly held share. We believe that the power to classify or reclassify unissued shares of stock and thereafter issue the classified or reclassified shares provides us with increased flexibility in structuring possible future financings and acquisitions and in meeting other needs that might arise.
Our charter and by-laws contain certain provisions that could make it more difficult to acquire control of our company by means of a tender offer, a proxy contest or otherwise. These provisions are expected to discourage certain types of coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids and to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of our company to negotiate first with our board of directors. We believe that these provisions increase the likelihood that proposals initially will be on more attractive terms than would be the case in their absence and facilitate negotiations that may result in improvement of the terms of an initial offer that might involve a premium price for our common stock or otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders. See the section entitled “Risk Factors — Risks Related to an Investment in American Realty Capital New York Recovery REIT, Inc.” in this prospectus.
Common Stock
Subject to any preferential rights of any other class or series of stock and to the provisions of our charter regarding restrictions on the transfer of stock, the holders of common stock are entitled to such distributions as may be authorized from time to time by our board of directors out of legally available funds and declared by us and, upon our liquidation, are entitled to receive all assets available for distribution to our stockholders. Upon issuance for full payment in accordance with the terms of this offering, all common stock issued in the offering will be fully paid and non-assessable. Holders of common stock will not have preemptive rights, which means that they will not have an automatic option to purchase any new shares that we issue, or preference, conversion, exchange, sinking fund or redemption rights. Holders of common stock will not have appraisal rights unless our board of directors determines that appraisal rights apply, with respect to all or any classes or series of stock, to one or more transactions occurring after the date of such determination in connection with which holders would otherwise be entitled to exercise appraisal rights. Shares of our common stock have equal distribution, liquidation and other rights.
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Preferred Stock
Our charter authorizes our board of directors, without stockholder approval, to designate and issue one or more classes or series of preferred stock and to set or change the voting, conversion or other rights, preferences, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions and qualifications or terms or conditions of redemption of each class of shares so issued. Because our board of directors has the power to establish the preferences and rights of each class or series of preferred stock, it may afford the holders of any series or class of preferred stock preferences, powers, and rights senior to the rights of holders of common stock. If we ever create and issue preferred stock with a distribution preference over common stock, payment of any distribution preferences of outstanding preferred stock would reduce the amount of funds available for the payment of distributions on the common stock. Further, holders of preferred stock are normally entitled to receive a preference payment if we liquidate, dissolve, or wind up before any payment is made to the common stockholders, likely reducing the amount common stockholders would otherwise receive upon such an occurrence. In addition, under certain circumstances, the issuance of preferred stock may delay, prevent, render more difficult or tend to discourage the following:
| • | a merger, tender offer, or proxy contest; |
| • | the assumption of control by a holder of a large block of our securities; or |
| • | the removal of incumbent management. |
Also, our board of directors, without stockholder approval, may issue preferred stock with voting and conversion rights that could adversely affect the holders of common stock. However, the issuance of preferred stock must be approved by a majority of independent directors not otherwise interested in the transaction, who will have access at our expense to our legal counsel or to independent legal counsel.
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per Share
Our board of directors, including our independent directors, approved articles supplementary creating the series A convertible preferred stock (the “preferred shares”), as a class of our preferred stock, designated as the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock. The preferred shares were offered pursuant to the private offering we commenced on December 22, 2009. Pursuant to the terms of the private offering, the private offering terminated on September 2, 2010, the effective date of the registration statement. We received aggregate gross offering proceeds, net of certain discounts, of approximately $16.9 million from the sale of shares in the private offering.
On December 15, 2011, we exercised our option to convert all our outstanding preferred shares into approximately 2.0 million shares of common stock on a one-for-one basis. The conversion of the preferred shares into common shares resulted in dilution of our common stockholders’ interest in us.
Meetings and Special Voting Requirements
Subject to our charter restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock and the terms of each class or series of stock, each holder of common stock is entitled at each meeting of stockholders to one vote per share owned by such stockholder on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders, including the election of directors. There is no cumulative voting in the election of our board of directors, which means that the holders of a majority of shares of our outstanding stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors can elect all of the directors then standing for election and the holders of the remaining shares of common stock will not be able to elect any directors.
Under Maryland law, a Maryland corporation generally cannot dissolve, amend its charter, merge, sell all or substantially all of its assets, engage in a share exchange or engage in similar transactions outside the ordinary course of business, unless declared advisable by the board of directors and approved by the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. However, a Maryland corporation may provide in its charter for approval of these matters by a lesser percentage, but not less than a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Our charter provides for approval of these matters by the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes entitled to be cast.
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An annual meeting of our stockholders will be held each year, upon reasonable notice on a date that is within a reasonable period of time following the distribution of our annual report to stockholders, at least 30 days after delivery of our annual report to our stockholders. The directors, including the independent directors, shall take reasonable steps to ensure that such notice is provided. Special meetings of stockholders may be called only upon the request of a majority of our directors, a majority of the independent directors, the chairman of the board, the president or the chief executive officer or upon the written request of stockholders entitled to cast at least 10% of the votes entitled to be cast at the meeting. Upon receipt of a written request from such stockholders stating the purpose of the special meeting, our secretary will provide all of our stockholders written notice of the meeting and the purpose of such meeting. The meeting must be held not less than 15 or more than 60 days after the distribution of the notice of meeting. The presence of stockholders entitled to cast at least 50% of all the votes entitled to be cast at such meeting on any matter, either in person or by proxy, will constitute a quorum.
Our stockholders are entitled to receive a copy of our stockholder list upon request. The list provided by us will include each stockholder’s name, address and telephone number, and the number of shares owned by each stockholder and will be sent within ten days of the receipt by us of the request. A stockholder requesting a list will be required to pay reasonable costs of postage and duplication. Stockholders and their representatives shall also be given access to our corporate records at reasonable times. We have the right to request that a requesting stockholder represent to us that the list and records will not be used to pursue commercial interests.
If we do not list our shares of common stock on a national securities exchange by the tenth anniversary of the completion or termination of our initial public offering, our charter requires that we either (i) seek stockholder approval of an extension or amendment of this listing deadline, or (ii) seek stockholder approval of the liquidation of the corporation. If we sought and did not obtain stockholder approval of an extension or amendment to the listing deadline, we would then be required to seek stockholder approval of our liquidation. If we sought and failed to obtain stockholder approval of our liquidation, our charter would not require us to list or liquidate and we could continue to operate as before. In such event, there will be no public market for shares of our common stock and you may be required to hold the shares indefinitely. If we sought and obtained stockholder approval of our liquidation, we would begin an orderly sale of our properties and distribute our net proceeds to you. If the listing of our stock on a national securities exchange occurs on or before the tenth anniversary of the termination of our initial public offering, the corporation shall continue perpetually unless dissolved pursuant to any applicable provision of the Maryland General Corporation Law.
Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer
In order for us to qualify as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code, we must meet the following criteria regarding our stockholders’ ownership of our shares:
| • | five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Internal Revenue Code to include specified private foundations, employee benefit plans and trusts and charitable trusts) may not own, directly or indirectly, more than 50% in value of our outstanding shares during the last half of a taxable year, other than our first REIT taxable year; and |
| • | 100 or more persons must beneficially own our shares during at least 335 days of a taxable year of twelve months or during a proportionate part of a shorter taxable year, other than our first REIT taxable year. |
See the section entitled “Certain Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations” in this prospectus for further discussion of this topic. We may prohibit certain acquisitions and transfers of shares so as to ensure our initial and continued qualification as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code. However, there can be no assurance that this prohibition will be effective. Because we believe it is essential for us to qualify as a REIT, and, once qualified, to continue to qualify, among other purposes, our charter provides (subject to certain exceptions) that no person may own, or be deemed to own by virtue of the attribution provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, more than 9.8% in value of the aggregate of our outstanding shares of stock and more than 9.8% (in value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of any class or series of the outstanding shares of our stock.
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Our board of directors, in its sole discretion, may waive this ownership limit if evidence satisfactory to our directors is presented that such ownership will not then or in the future jeopardize our status as a REIT and has waived this ownership limit with respect to the preferred shares. Also, these restrictions on transferability and ownership will not apply if our directors determine that it is no longer in our best interests to continue to qualify as a REIT.
Additionally, our charter prohibits the transfer or ownership of our stock if such transfer or ownership would:
| • | result in any person owning, directly or indirectly, shares of our stock in excess of the foregoing ownership limitations; |
| • | with respect to transfers only, result in our stock being owned by fewer than 100 persons, determined without reference to any rules of attribution; |
| • | result in our being “closely held” within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Internal Revenue Code (regardless of whether the ownership interest is held during the last half of a taxable year); |
| • | result in our owning, directly or indirectly, more than 9.8% of the ownership interests in any tenant or subtenant; or |
| • | otherwise result in our disqualification as a REIT. |
Any attempted transfer of our stock which, if effective, would result in our stock being owned by fewer than 100 persons will be null and void. In the event of any attempted transfer of our stock which, if effective, would result in (i) violation of the ownership limit discussed above, (ii) our being “closely held” under Section 856(h) of the Internal Revenue Code, (iii) our owning (directly or indirectly) more than 9.8% of the ownership interests in any tenant or subtenant or (iv) our otherwise failing to qualify as a REIT, then the number of shares causing the violation (rounded to the nearest whole share) will be automatically transferred to a trust for the exclusive benefit of one or more charitable beneficiaries, and the proposed transferee will not acquire any rights in the shares. To avoid confusion, these shares so transferred to a beneficial trust will be referred to in this prospectus as “Excess Securities.” Excess Securities will remain issued and outstanding shares and will be entitled to the same rights and privileges as all other shares of the same class or series. The trustee of the beneficial trust, as holder of the Excess Securities, will be entitled to receive all distributions authorized by the board of directors on such securities for the benefit of the charitable beneficiary. Our charter further entitles the trustee of the beneficial trust to vote all Excess Securities.
The trustee of the beneficial trust will select a transferee to whom the Excess Securities may be sold as long as such sale does not violate the 9.8% ownership limit or the other restrictions on ownership and transfer. Upon sale of the Excess Securities, the intended transferee (the transferee of the Excess Securities whose ownership would have violated the 9.8% ownership limit or the other restrictions on ownership and transfer) will receive from the trustee of the beneficial trust the lesser of such sale proceeds, or the price per share the intended transferee paid for the Excess Securities (or, in the case of a gift or devise to the intended transferee, the price per share equal to the market value per share on the date of the transfer to the intended transferee). The trustee may reduce the amount payable to the intended transferee by the amount of dividends and other distributions which have been paid to the intended transferee and are owed by the intended transferee to the trustee. The trustee of the beneficial trust will distribute to the charitable beneficiary any amount the trustee receives in excess of the amount to be paid to the intended transferee.
In addition, we have the right to purchase any Excess Securities at the lesser of (i) the price per share paid in the transfer that created the Excess Securities (or, in the case of a devise or gift, the market price at the time of such devise or gift) and (ii) the market price on the date we, or our designee, exercise such right. We may reduce the amount payable to the intended transferee by the amount of dividends and other distributions which has been paid to the intended transferee and is owed by the intended transferee to the trustee. We will have the right to purchase the Excess Securities until the trustee has sold the shares. Upon a sale to us, the interest of the charitable beneficiary in the shares sold will terminate and the trustee will distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the intended transferee.
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Any person who (i) acquires or attempts or intends to acquire shares in violation of the foregoing ownership limitations, or (ii) would have owned shares that resulted in a transfer to a charitable trust, is required to give us immediate written notice or, in the case of a proposed or intended transaction, 15 days’ written notice. In both cases, such persons must provide to us such other information as we may request in order to determine the effect, if any, of such transfer on our status as a REIT. The foregoing restrictions will continue to apply until our board of directors determines it is no longer in our best interest to continue to qualify as a REIT.
The ownership restriction does not apply to the underwriter in a public offering of shares or to a person or persons so exempted (prospectively or retroactively) from the ownership limit by our board of directors based upon appropriate assurances that our qualification as a REIT is not jeopardized. Any person who owns more than 5% of the outstanding shares during any taxable year will be asked to deliver a statement or affidavit setting forth the name and address of such owner, the number of shares beneficially owned, directly or indirectly, and a description of the manner in which such shares are held.
Distribution Policy and Distributions
We intend to pay regular distributions to our stockholders. Because all of our operations will be performed indirectly through New York Recovery Operating Partnership, L.P., our operating partnership, our ability to pay distributions depends on New York Recovery Operating Partnership, L.P.’s ability to pay distributions to its partners, including to us. If we do not have enough cash from operations to fund the distribution, we may fund distributions from unlimited amounts of any source, including borrowing funds, issuing additional securities or selling assets in order to fund the distributions or making the distributions out of net proceeds from this offering. We have not established any limit on the amount of proceeds from this offering that may be used to fund distributions, except that, in accordance with our organizational documents and Maryland law, we may not make distributions that would: (1) cause us to be unable to pay our debts as they become due in the usual course of business; (2) cause our total assets to be less than the sum of our total liabilities plus senior liquidation preferences, if any; or (3) jeopardize our ability to qualify as a REIT.
Distributions will be paid to our stockholders when and if authorized by our board of directors and declared by us out of legally available funds as of the daily record dates selected by our board of directors. We expect to declare and pay distributions on a regular basis unless our results of operations, our general financial condition, general economic conditions or other factors make it imprudent to do so. Distributions will be authorized at the discretion of our board of directors, which will be influenced in part by its intention to comply with the REIT requirements of the Internal Revenue Code. We intend to make distributions sufficient to meet the annual distribution requirement and to avoid U.S. federal income and excise taxes on our earnings; however, it may not always be possible to do so. Each distribution will be accompanied by a notice which sets forth: (a) the record date; (b) the amount per share that will be distributed; (c) the equivalent annualized yield; (d) the amount and percentage of the distributions paid from operations, offering proceeds and other sources; (e) the aggregate amount of such distribution; and (f) for those investors participating in the distribution reinvestment plan, a statement that a distribution statement will be provided in lieu of a check. The funds we receive from operations that are available for distribution may be affected by a number of factors, including the following:
| • | the amount of time required for us to invest the funds received in the offering; |
| • | our operating and interest expenses; |
| • | the ability of tenants to meet their obligations under the leases associated with our properties; |
| • | the amount of distributions or dividends received by us from our indirect real estate investments; |
| • | our ability to keep our properties occupied; |
| • | our ability to maintain or increase rental rates when renewing or replacing current leases; |
| • | capital expenditures and reserves for such expenditures; |
| • | the issuance of additional shares; and |
| • | financings and refinancings. |
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We must annually distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (which does not equal net income, as calculated in accordance with GAAP), determined without regard to deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gain, in order to qualify as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code. This requirement is described in greater detail in the “Certain Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations — REIT Qualification Tests — Annual Distribution Requirements” section of this prospectus. Our directors may authorize distributions in excess of this percentage as they deem appropriate. Because we may receive income from interest or rents at various times during our fiscal year, distributions may not reflect our income earned in that particular distribution period, but may be made in anticipation of cash flow that we expect to receive during a later period and may be made in advance of actual receipt of funds in an attempt to make distributions relatively uniform. To allow for such differences in timing between the receipt of income and the payment of expenses, and the effect of required debt payments, among other things, could require us to borrow funds from third parties on a short-term basis, issue new securities, or sell assets to meet the distribution requirements that are necessary to achieve the tax benefits associated with qualifying as a REIT. These methods of obtaining funding could affect future distributions by increasing operating costs and decreasing available cash. In addition, such distributions may constitute a return of capital. See the section entitled “Certain Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations — REIT Qualification Tests” in this prospectus.
Stockholder Liability
The Maryland General Corporation Law provides that our stockholders:
| • | are not liable personally or individually in any manner whatsoever for any debt, act, omission or obligation incurred by us or our board of directors; and |
| • | are under no obligation to us or our creditors with respect to their shares other than the obligation to pay to us the full amount of the consideration for which their shares were issued. |
Business Combinations
Under Maryland law, “business combinations” between a Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder or an affiliate of an interested stockholder are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. These business combinations include a merger, consolidation, share exchange, or, in circumstances specified in the statute, an asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities. An interested stockholder is defined as:
| • | any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of the corporation’s outstanding voting stock; or |
| • | an affiliate or associate of the corporation who, at any time within the two-year period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of the then-outstanding stock of the corporation. |
A person is not an interested stockholder under the statute if the board of directors approved in advance the transaction by which he otherwise would have become an interested stockholder. However, in approving a transaction, the board of directors may provide that its approval is subject to compliance, at or after the time of approval, with any terms and conditions determined by the board.
After the five-year prohibition, any business combination between the Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder generally must be recommended by the board of directors of the corporation and approved by the affirmative vote of at least:
| • | 80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding shares of voting stock of the corporation; and |
| • | two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of voting stock of the corporation other than shares held by the interested stockholder with whom or with whose affiliate the business combination is to be effected or held by an affiliate or associate of the interested stockholder. |
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These super-majority vote requirements do not apply if the corporation’s common stockholders receive a minimum price, as defined under Maryland law, for their shares in the form of cash or other consideration in the same form as previously paid by the interested stockholder for its shares.
The statute permits various exemptions from its provisions, including business combinations that are exempted by the board of directors before the time that the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. Pursuant to the statute, our board of directors has adopted a resolution exempting any business combination with New York Recovery Advisors, LLC or any affiliate of New York Recovery Advisors, LLC. Consequently, the five-year prohibition and the super-majority vote requirements will not apply to business combinations between us and New York Recovery Advisors, LLC or any affiliate of New York Recovery Advisors, LLC. As a result, New York Recovery Advisors, LLC or any affiliate of New York Recovery Advisors, LLC may be able to enter into business combinations with us that may not be in the best interest of our stockholders, without compliance with the super-majority vote requirements and the other provisions of the statute.
The business combination statute may discourage others from trying to acquire control of us and increase the difficulty of consummating any offer.
Control Share Acquisitions
With some exceptions, Maryland law provides that control shares of a Maryland corporation acquired in a control share acquisition have no voting rights except to the extent approved by a vote of stockholders holding two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, excluding “control shares”:
| • | owned by the acquiring person; |
| • | owned by our officers; and |
| • | owned by our employees who are also directors. |
“Control shares” mean voting shares of stock which, if aggregated with all other shares of stock owned by the acquirer in respect of which the acquirer can exercise or direct the exercise of voting power, would entitle the acquiring person to exercise voting power in electing directors within one of the following ranges of voting power:
| • | one-tenth or more, but less than one-third of all voting power; |
| • | one-third or more, but less than a majority of all voting power; or |
| • | a majority or more of all voting power. |
Control shares do not include shares the acquiring person is then entitled to vote as a result of having previously obtained stockholder approval. A control share acquisition occurs when, subject to some exceptions, a person directly or indirectly acquires ownership or the power to direct the exercise of voting power (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy) of issued and outstanding control shares. A person who has made or proposes to make a control share acquisition, upon satisfaction of some specific conditions, including an undertaking to pay expenses, may compel our board of directors to call a special meeting of our stockholders to be held within 50 days of a request to consider the voting rights of the control shares. If no request for a meeting is made, we may present the question at any stockholders’ meeting.
If voting rights are not approved at the meeting or if the acquiring person does not deliver an acquiring person statement on or before the 10th day after the control share acquisition as required by the statute, then, subject to some conditions and limitations, we may redeem any or all of the control shares (except those for which voting rights have been previously approved) for fair value determined without regard to the absence of voting rights for the control shares, as of the date of the last control share acquisition by the acquiror or of any meeting of stockholders at which the voting rights of such shares are considered and not approved. If voting rights for control shares are approved at a stockholders meeting and the acquiror becomes entitled to vote a majority of the shares entitled to vote, all other stockholders may exercise appraisal rights. The fair value of the shares as determined for purposes of such appraisal rights may not be less than the highest price per share paid by the acquiror in the control share acquisition. The control share acquisition statute does not
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apply to shares acquired in a merger, consolidation, or share exchange if we are a party to the transaction or to acquisitions approved or exempted by our charter or by-laws.
As permitted by Maryland General Corporation Law, our by-laws contain a provision exempting from the control share acquisition statute any and all acquisitions of our stock by any person. There can be no assurance that this provision will not be amended or eliminated at any time in the future.
Subtitle 8
Subtitle 8 of Title 3 of the Maryland General Corporation Law permits a Maryland corporation with a class of equity securities registered under the Exchange Act and at least three independent directors to elect to be subject, by provision in its charter or by-laws or a resolution of its board of directors and notwithstanding any contrary provision in the charter or by-laws, to any or all of five provisions:
| • | a two-thirds vote requirement for removing a director; |
| • | a requirement that the number of directors be fixed only by vote of the directors; |
| • | a requirement that a vacancy on the board be filled only by affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors in office and for the remainder of the full term of the class of directors in which the vacancy occurred; and |
| • | a majority requirement for the calling of a special meeting of stockholders. |
At this time, we have not elected any of the provisions allowed under Subtitle 8. Through provisions in our charter and by-laws unrelated to Subtitle 8, we already vest in the board the exclusive power to fix the number of directorships.
Restrictions on Roll-up Transactions
A Roll-up Transaction is a transaction involving the acquisition, merger, conversion or consolidation, directly or indirectly, of us and the issuance of securities of an entity (Roll-up Entity) that is created or would survive after the successful completion of a Roll-up Transaction. This term does not include:
| • | a transaction involving our securities that have been listed on a national securities exchange for at least 12 months; or |
| • | a transaction involving our conversion to corporate, trust or association form if, as a consequence of the transaction, there will be no significant adverse change in stockholder voting rights, the term of our existence, compensation to American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC or our investment objectives. |
In connection with any Roll-up Transaction involving the issuance of securities of a Roll-up Entity, an appraisal of all of our assets shall be obtained from a competent independent appraiser. The assets shall be appraised on a consistent basis, and the appraisal will be based on the evaluation of all relevant information and will indicate the value of the assets as of a date immediately prior to the announcement of the proposed Roll-up Transaction. The appraisal shall assume an orderly liquidation of assets over a 12-month period. If the appraisal will be included in a prospectus used to offer the securities of a Roll-Up Entity, the appraisal shall be filed with the SEC and the states as an exhibit to the registration statement for the offering. Accordingly, an issuer using the appraisal shall be subject to liability for violation of Section 11 of the Securities Act, and comparable provisions under state laws for any material misrepresentations or omissions in the appraisal. The terms of the engagement of the independent appraiser shall clearly state that the engagement is for the benefit of us and our stockholders. A summary of the appraisal, indicating all material assumptions underlying the appraisal, shall be included in a report to stockholders in connection with any proposed Roll-up Transaction.
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In connection with a proposed Roll-up Transaction, the sponsor of the Roll-up Transaction must offer to common stockholders who vote “no” on the proposal the choice of:
| (1) | accepting the securities of the Roll-up Entity offered in the proposed Roll-up Transaction; or |
| (a) | remaining as holders of our stock and preserving their interests therein on the same terms and conditions as existed previously; or |
| (b) | receiving cash in an amount equal to the stockholders’ pro rata share of the appraised value of our net assets. |
We are prohibited from participating in any Roll-up Transaction:
| • | that would result in the common stockholders having voting rights in a Roll-up Entity that are less than those provided in our charter and by-laws and described elsewhere in this prospectus, including rights with respect to the election and removal of directors, annual and special meetings, amendment of our charter and our dissolution; |
| • | that includes provisions that would operate to materially impede or frustrate the accumulation of shares by any purchaser of the securities of the Roll-up Entity, except to the minimum extent necessary to preserve the tax status of the Roll-up Entity, or which would limit the ability of an investor to exercise the voting rights of its securities of the Roll-up Entity on the basis of the number of shares held by that investor; |
| • | in which investor’s rights to access of records of the Roll-up Entity will be less than those provided in the section of this prospectus entitled “— Meetings and Special Voting Requirements” above; or |
| • | in which any of the costs of the Roll-up Transaction would be borne by us if the Roll-up Transaction is rejected by the stockholders. |
Tender Offers
Our charter provides that any tender offer made by any person, including any “mini-tender” offer, must comply with most of the provisions of Regulation 14D of the Exchange Act, including the notice and disclosure requirements. Among other things, the offeror must provide us notice of such tender offer at least ten business days before initiating the tender offer. If the offeror does not comply with the provisions set forth above, we will have the right to redeem that offeror’s shares, if any, and any shares acquired in such tender offer. In addition, the non-complying offeror will be responsible for all of our expenses in connection with that offeror’s noncompliance.
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DISTRIBUTION REINVESTMENT PLAN
We have adopted a distribution reinvestment plan. The following is a summary of our distribution reinvestment plan. A complete copy of our form of distribution reinvestment plan is included in this prospectus as Appendix B.
Investment of Distributions
We have adopted a distribution reinvestment plan pursuant to which our stockholders, and, subject to certain conditions set forth in the plan, any stockholder or partner of any other publicly offered limited partnership, real estate investment trust or other real estate program sponsored by our advisor or its affiliates, to elect to purchase shares of our common stock with our distributions or distributions from such other programs. We have the discretion to extend the offering period for the shares being offered pursuant to this prospectus under our distribution reinvestment plan beyond the termination of this offering until we have sold all the shares allocated to the plan through the reinvestment of distributions. We also may offer shares pursuant to a new registration statement. We reserve the right to reallocate the shares of common stock we are offering between the primary offering and our distribution reinvestment plan.
No dealer manager fees or selling commissions will be paid with respect to shares purchased pursuant to the distribution reinvestment plan. Therefore, we will retain all of the proceeds from the reinvestment of distributions. Accordingly, substantially all the economic benefits resulting from distribution reinvestment purchases by stockholders from the elimination of the dealer manager fee and selling commissions will inure to the benefit of the participant through the reduced purchase price.
Pursuant to the terms of our distribution reinvestment plan the reinvestment agent, which currently is us, will act on behalf of participants to reinvest the cash distributions they receive from us. Stockholders participating in the distribution reinvestment plan may purchase fractional shares. If sufficient shares are not available for issuance under our distribution reinvestment plan, the reinvestment agent will remit excess cash distributions to the participants. Participants purchasing shares pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan will have the same rights as stockholders with respect to shares purchased under the plan and will be treated in the same manner as if such shares had been issued pursuant to our offering.
After the termination of the offering of our shares registered for sale pursuant to the distribution reinvestment plan under the this prospectus, we may determine to allow participants to reinvest cash distributions from us in shares issued by another American Realty Capital-sponsored program only if all of the following conditions are satisfied:
| • | prior to the time of such reinvestment, the participant has received the final prospectus and any supplements thereto offering interests in the subsequent American Realty Capital-sponsored program and such prospectus allows investments pursuant to a distribution reinvestment plan; |
| • | a registration statement covering the interests in the subsequent American Realty Capital-sponsored program has been declared effective under the Securities Act; |
| • | the offer and sale of such interests are qualified for sale under applicable state securities laws; |
| • | the participant executes the subscription agreement included with the prospectus for the subsequent American Realty Capital-sponsored program; and |
| • | the participant qualifies under applicable investor suitability standards as contained in the prospectus for the subsequent American Realty Capital-sponsored program. |
Stockholders who invest in subsequent American Realty Capital-sponsored programs pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan will become investors in such subsequent American Realty Capital-sponsored program and, as such, will receive the same reports as other investors in the subsequent American Realty Capital-sponsored program.
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Election to Participate or Terminate Participation
A stockholder may become a participant in our distribution reinvestment plan by making a written election to participate on his or her subscription agreement at the time he or she subscribes for shares. Any stockholder who has not previously elected to participate in the distribution reinvestment plan may so elect at any time by delivering to the reinvestment agent a completed enrollment form or other written authorization required by the reinvestment agent. Participation in our distribution reinvestment plan will commence with the next distribution payable after receipt of the participant’s notice, provided it is received at least ten days prior to the last day of the fiscal quarter, month or other period to which the distribution relates.
Some brokers may determine not to offer their clients the opportunity to participate in our distribution reinvestment plan. Any prospective investor who wishes to participate in our distribution reinvestment plan should consult with his or her broker as to the broker’s position regarding participation in the distribution reinvestment plan.
We reserve the right to prohibit qualified retirement plans and other “benefit plan investors” (as defined in ERISA) from participating in our distribution reinvestment plan if such participation would cause our underlying assets to constitute “plan assets” of qualified retirement plans. See the section entitled “Investment by Tax-Exempt Entities and ERISA Considerations” in this prospectus.
Each stockholder electing to participate in our distribution reinvestment plan agrees that, if at any time he or she fails to meet the applicable investor suitability standards or cannot make the other investor representations or warranties set forth in the then-current prospectus or subscription agreement relating to such investment, he or she will promptly notify the reinvestment agent in writing of that fact.
Subscribers should note that affirmative action in the form of written notice to the reinvestment agent must be taken to withdraw from participation in our distribution reinvestment plan. A withdrawal from participation in our distribution reinvestment plan will be effective with respect to distributions for a monthly distribution period only if written notice of termination is received at least ten days prior to the end of such distribution period. In addition, a transfer of shares prior to the date our shares are listed for trading on a national securities exchange, which we have no intent to do at this time and which may never occur, will terminate participation in the distribution reinvestment plan with respect to such transferred shares as of the first day of the distribution period in which the transfer is effective, unless the transferee demonstrates to the reinvestment agent that the transferee meets the requirements for participation in the plan and affirmatively elects to participate in the plan by providing to the reinvestment agent an executed enrollment form or other written authorization required by the reinvestment agent.
Offers and sales of shares pursuant to the distribution reinvestment plan must be registered in every state in which such offers and sales are made. Generally, such registrations are for a period of one year. Thus, we may have to stop selling shares pursuant to the distribution reinvestment plan in any states in which our registration is not renewed or extended.
Reports to Participants
Within 90 days after the end of each calendar year, the reinvestment agent will mail to each participant a statement of account describing, as to such participant, the distributions received, the number of shares purchased, the purchase price for such shares and the total shares purchased on behalf of the participant during the prior year pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan.
Excluded Distributions
Our board of directors may designate that certain cash or other distributions attributable to net sales proceeds will be excluded from distributions that may be reinvested in shares under our distribution reinvestment plan (Excluded Distributions). Accordingly, if proceeds attributable to the potential sale transaction described above are distributed to stockholders as an Excluded Distribution, such amounts may not be reinvested in our shares pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan. The determination of whether all or part of a distribution will be deemed to be an Excluded Distribution is separate and unrelated to our requirement to distribute 90% of our taxable REIT income. In its initial determination of whether to make a distribution and the amount of the distribution, our board of directors will consider, among other factors, our
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cash position and our distribution requirements as a REIT. Once our board of directors determines to make the distribution, it will then consider whether all or part of the distribution will be deemed to be an Excluded Distribution. In most instances, we expect that our board of directors would not deem any of the distribution to be an Excluded Distribution. In that event, the amount distributed to participants in our distribution reinvestment plan will be reinvested in additional shares of our common stock. If all or a portion of the distribution is deemed to be an Excluded Distribution, the distribution will be made to all stockholders, however, the excluded portion will not be reinvested. As a result, we would not be able to use any of the Excluded Distribution to assist in meeting future distributions and the stockholders would not be able to use the distribution to purchase additional shares of our common stock through our distribution reinvestment plan. We currently do not have any planned Excluded Distributions, which will only be made, if at all, in addition to, not in lieu of, regular distributions.
Certain Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations
If you elect to participate in our distribution reinvestment plan and are subject to U.S. federal income taxation, you will incur tax liability for distributions allocated to you even though you have elected not to receive their distributions in cash but rather to have the distributions reinvested under our distributions reinvestment plan. See the section entitled “Risk Factors — U.S. Federal Income Tax Risks” in this prospectus. In addition, to the extent you purchase shares through our distribution reinvestment plan at a discount to their fair market value, you will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as receiving an additional distribution equal to the amount of the discount. At least until our offering stage is complete, we expect that (i) we will sell shares under the distribution reinvestment plan at $9.50 per share, (ii) no secondary trading market for our shares will develop and (iii) our advisor will estimate the fair market value of a share to be $10.00. Therefore, at least until our offering stage is complete, participants in our distribution reinvestment plan will be treated as having received a distribution of $10.00 for each $9.50 reinvested by them under our distribution reinvestment plan. You will be taxed on the amount of such distribution as a dividend to the extent such distribution is from current or accumulated earnings and profits, unless we have designated all or a portion of the dividend as a capital gain dividend, or, for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2013, qualified dividend income. Tax information regarding each participant’s participation in the plan will be provided to each participant at least annually.
Amendment and Termination
We reserve the right to amend any aspect of our distribution reinvestment plan with ten days’ notice to participants. The reinvestment agent also reserves the right to terminate a participant’s individual participation in the plan, and we reserve the right to terminate our distribution reinvestment plan itself in our sole discretion at any time, by sending ten days’ prior written notice of termination to the terminated participant or, upon termination of the plan, to all participants.
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SHARE REPURCHASE PROGRAM
Prior to the time that our shares are listed on a national securities exchange, our share repurchase program, as described below, may provide eligible stockholders with limited, interim liquidity by enabling them to sell shares back to us, subject to restrictions and applicable law. Specifically, state securities regulators impose investor suitability standards that establish specific financial thresholds that must be met by any investor in certain illiquid, long-term investments, including REIT shares. Unless the shares of our common stock are being repurchased in connection with a stockholder’s death or disability, the purchase price for shares repurchased under our share repurchase program will be as set forth below until we establish an estimated value of our shares. We do not currently anticipate obtaining appraisals for our investments (other than investments in transactions with our sponsor, advisor, directors or their respective affiliates) and, accordingly, the estimated values of our investments should not be viewed as an accurate reflection of the fair market value of our investments nor will they represent the amount of net proceeds that would result from an immediate sale of our assets. We expect to begin establishing an estimated value of our shares based on the value of our real estate and real estate-related investments beginning 18 months after the close of this offering. Beginning 18 months after the completion of the last offering of our shares (excluding offerings under our distribution reinvestment plan), our board of directors will determine the value of our properties and our other assets based on such information as our board determines appropriate, which may or may not include independent valuations of our properties or of our enterprise as a whole.
Only those stockholders who purchased their shares from us or received their shares from us (directly or indirectly) through one or more non-cash transactions may be able to participate in the share repurchase program. In other words, once our shares are transferred for value by a stockholder, the transferee and all subsequent holders of the shares are not eligible to participate in the share repurchase program. We will repurchase shares on the last business day of each quarter (and in all events on a date other than a dividend payment date). Prior to establishing the estimated value of our shares, the price per share that we will pay to repurchase shares of our common stock will be as follows:
| • | the lower of $9.25 and 92.5% of the price paid to acquire the shares from us for stockholders who have continuously held their shares for at least one year; |
| • | the lower of $9.50 and 95.0% of the price paid to acquire the shares from us for stockholders who have continuously held their shares for at least two years; |
| • | the lower of $9.75 and 97.5% of the price paid to acquire the shares from us for stockholders who have continuously held their shares for at least three years; and |
| • | the lower of $10.00 and 100% of the price paid to acquire the shares from us for stockholders who have continuously held their shares for at least four years (in each case, as adjusted for any stock dividends, combinations, splits, recapitalizations and the like with respect to our common stock). |
Upon the death or disability of a stockholder, upon request, we will waive the one-year holding requirement. Shares repurchased in connection with the death or disability of a stockholder will be repurchased at a purchase price equal to the price actually paid for the shares during the offering, or if not engaged in the offering, the per share purchase price will be based on the greater of $10.00 or the then-current net asset value of the shares as determined by our board of directors (as adjusted for any stock dividends, combinations, splits, recapitalizations and the like with respect to our common stock). In addition, we may waive the holding period in the event of a stockholder’s bankruptcy or other exigent circumstances.
A stockholder must have beneficially held the shares for at least one year prior to offering them for sale to us through our share repurchase program, although if a stockholder sells back all of its shares, our board of directors has the discretion to exempt shares purchased pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan from this one-year requirement. Our affiliates will not be eligible to participate in our share repurchase program.
Pursuant to the terms of our share repurchase program, we will make repurchases, if requested, at least once quarterly. Each stockholder whose repurchase request is granted will receive the repurchase amount within 30 days after the fiscal quarter in which we grant its repurchase request. Subject to the limitations described in this prospectus, we also will repurchase shares upon the request of the estate, heir or beneficiary, as applicable, of a deceased stockholder. We will limit the number of shares repurchased pursuant to our share
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purchase program as follows: during any 12-month period, we will not repurchase in excess of 5.0% of the number of shares of common stock outstanding on December 31st of the previous calendar year. In addition, we are only authorized to repurchase shares using the proceeds received from our distribution reinvestment plan and will limit the amount we spend to repurchase shares in a given quarter to the amount of proceeds we received from our distribution reinvestment plan in that same quarter. Due to these limitations, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to accommodate all repurchase requests.
Our board of directors, at its sole discretion, may amend, suspend (in whole or in part) or choose to terminate our share repurchase program, or reduce or increase the number of shares purchased under the program upon 30 days’ notice, if it determines that the funds allocated to the share repurchase program are needed for other purposes, such as the acquisition, maintenance or repair of properties, or for use in making a declared distribution.
Our sponsor, advisor, directors and affiliates are prohibited from receiving a fee on any share repurchases, including selling commissions and dealer manager fees.
Our board of directors reserves the right, in its sole discretion, at any time and from time to time, to:
| • | waive the one-year holding period requirement in the event of the death or disability of a stockholder, other involuntary exigent circumstances such as bankruptcy, or a mandatory distribution requirement under a stockholder’s IRA; |
| • | reject any request for repurchase; |
| • | change the purchase price for repurchases; or |
| • | otherwise amend the terms of, suspend or terminate our share repurchase program. |
Any material modification, suspension or termination of our share repurchase program by our board of directors or our advisor will be disclosed to stockholders as promptly as is practicable, but not later than 30 days before such action, in reports we file with the SEC, a press release, a letter to our stockholders or via our website.
Our board of directors may reject a request for repurchase if, among other things, a stockholder does not meet the conditions outlined herein. Funding for the share repurchase program will come exclusively from proceeds we receive from the sale of shares under our distribution reinvestment plan and other operating funds, if any, as our board of directors, in its sole discretion, may reserve for this purpose. We cannot guarantee that the funds set aside for the share repurchase program will be sufficient to accommodate all requests made each year. However, a stockholder may withdraw its request at any time or ask that we honor the request when funds are available. Pending repurchase requests will be honored on a pro rata basis.
If funds available for our share repurchase program are not sufficient to accommodate all requests, shares will be repurchased as follows: (i) first, pro rata as to repurchases upon the death or disability of a stockholder; (ii) next, pro rata as to repurchases to stockholders who demonstrate, in the discretion of our board of directors, another involuntary exigent circumstance, such as bankruptcy; (iii) next, pro rata as to repurchases to stockholders subject to a mandatory distribution requirement under such stockholder’s IRA; and (iv) finally, pro rata as to all other repurchase requests.
In general, a stockholder or his or her estate, heir or beneficiary may present to us fewer than all of the shares then owned for repurchase, except that the minimum number of shares that must be presented for repurchase shall be at least 25% of the holder’s shares. However, if the repurchase request is made within 180 days of the event giving rise to the special circumstances described in this sentence, where repurchase is being requested: (i) on behalf of the estate, heirs or beneficiaries, as applicable, of a deceased stockholder; (ii) by a stockholder due to another involuntary exigent circumstance, such as bankruptcy; or (iii) by a stockholder due to a mandatory distribution under such stockholder’s IRA, a minimum of 10% of the stockholder’s shares may be presented for repurchase;provided, however, that any future repurchase request by such stockholder must present for repurchase at least 25% of such stockholder’s remaining shares.
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A stockholder who wishes to have shares repurchased must mail or deliver to us a written request on a form provided by us and executed by the stockholder, its trustee or authorized agent. An estate, heir or beneficiary that wishes to have shares repurchased following the death of a stockholder must mail or deliver to us a written request on a form provided by us, including evidence acceptable to our board of directors of the death of the stockholder, and executed by the executor or executrix of the estate, the heir or beneficiary, or their trustee or authorized agent. Unrepurchased shares may be passed to an estate, heir or beneficiary following the death of a stockholder. If the shares are to be repurchased under any conditions outlined herein, we will forward the documents necessary to effect the repurchase, including any signature guaranty we may require.
Stockholders are not required to sell their shares to us. The share repurchase program is only intended to provide interim liquidity for stockholders until a liquidity event occurs, such as the listing of the shares on a national stock exchange or our merger with a listed company. We cannot guarantee that a liquidity event will occur.
Shares we purchase under our share repurchase program will have the status of authorized but unissued shares. Shares we acquire through the share repurchase program will not be reissued unless they are first registered with the SEC under the Securities Act and under appropriate state securities laws or otherwise issued in compliance with such laws.
If we terminate, reduce or otherwise change the share repurchase program, we will send a letter to stockholders informing them of the change, and we will disclose the changes in quarterly reports filed with the SEC on Form 10-Q.
As of December 31, 2011, we received one request to redeem 2,538 shares of our common stock pursuant to our Share Redemption Plan. We approved the redemption request as of December 31, 2011, at an average price per share of $9.99. We will fund the share redemption from the cumulative proceeds of the sale of our common shares pursuant to our Dividend Reinvestment Plan. As of the date of this filing, we are not aware of any other redemption requests.
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SUMMARY OF OUR ORGANIZATIONAL DOCUMENTS
Each stockholder is bound by and deemed to have agreed to the terms of our organizational documents by virtue of the election to become a stockholder. Our organizational documents consist of our charter and by-laws. The following is a summary of material provisions of our organizational documents and does not purport to be complete. Our organizational documents are filed as exhibits to our registration statement of which this prospectus is part. See the section entitled “Where You Can Find Additional Information” in this prospectus.
Our initial charter was filed with and accepted for record by the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland on October 6, 2009 and our amended and restated charter was filed on September 12, 2011. The by-laws, in their present form, became operative when our board of directors approved them as of October 30, 2009. Neither our charter nor by-laws have an expiration date, and therefore, both documents remain effective in their current form throughout our existence, unless they are amended.
Charter and By-law Provisions
The rights of stockholders and related matters are governed by our organizational documents and Maryland law. Certain provisions of these documents or of Maryland law, summarized below, may make it more difficult to change the composition of our board and could have the effect of delaying, deferring, or preventing a change in control of us, including an extraordinary transaction (such as a merger, tender offer or sale of all or substantially all of our assets) that might provide a premium price for holders of our common stock. See generally “Risk Factors — Risks Related to This Offering and Our Corporate Structure.”
Stockholders’ Meetings and Voting Rights
Our charter requires us to hold an annual meeting of stockholders not less than thirty days after delivering our annual report to stockholders. The purpose of each annual meeting will be to elect directors and to transact any other business. The chairman, the chief executive officer, the president, a majority of the directors or a majority of the independent directors also may call a special meeting of the stockholders. The secretary must call a special meeting when stockholders entitled to cast not less than 10% of all votes entitled to be cast at the meeting make a written request. The written request must state the purpose(s) of the meeting and the matters to be acted upon. The meeting will be held on a date not less than fifteen nor more than sixty days after the notice is sent, at the time and place specified in the notice.
Except as provided above, we will give notice of any annual or special meeting of stockholders not less than ten nor more than ninety days before the meeting. The notice must state the purpose of the meeting. At any meeting of the stockholders, each stockholder is entitled to one vote for each share owned of record on the applicable record date. In general, the presence in person or by proxy of stockholders entitled to cast at least 50% of all the votes entitled to be cast at the meeting on any matter will constitute a quorum. The affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of our stock, present in person or by proxy at a meeting of stockholders at which a quorum is present, will be sufficient to elect directors and a majority of votes cast will be sufficient to approve any other matter that may properly come before the meeting, unless more than a majority of the votes cast is required by law or our charter.
Board of Directors
Under our organizational documents, we must have at least three but not more than ten directors. Our charter currently fixes the number of directors at five. A majority of these directors must be “independent” except for a period of up to 60 days after the death, resignation or removal of an independent director. An “independent director” is defined in accordance with article IV of our charter and complies with Section I.B. 14 of the NASAA REIT Guidelines. Section I.B. 14 of the NASAA REIT Guidelines provides that an “independent director” is one who is not associated and has not been associated within the last two years, directly or indirectly, with our sponsor or advisor. A director is deemed to be associated with our sponsor or advisor if he or she: (a) owns an interest in our sponsor, advisor or any of their affiliates; (b) is employed by our sponsor, advisor or any of their affiliates; (c) is an officer or director of the sponsor, advisor or any of their affiliates; (d) performs services, other than as a director, for us; (e) is a director for more than three REITs organized by our sponsor or advised by our advisor; or (f) has any material business or professional relationship with our sponsor, advisor or any of their affiliates. A business or professional
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relationship is considered materialper se if the gross revenue derived by the director from our sponsor and our advisor and affiliates exceeds 5% of the director’s (i) annual gross revenue, derived from all sources, during either of the last two years, or (ii) net worth, on a fair market value basis. An indirect relationship includes circumstances in which a director’s spouse, parents, children, siblings, mothers- or fathers-in-law, sons- or daughters-in-law, or brothers- or sisters-in-law, is or has been associated with our sponsor, advisor, any of their affiliates or us.
A director may resign at any time and may be removed with or without cause by the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast not less than a majority of the votes entitled to be cast generally in the election of directors. A vacancy on the board caused by the death, resignation or incapacity of a director or by an increase in the number of directors, within the limits described above, may be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the stockholders. Our charter and by-laws require our committees to be composed entirely of independent directors.
Persons who serve as directors must have at least three years of relevant experience and demonstrate the knowledge required to successfully acquire and manage the type of assets that we intend to acquire. Our charter provides that at least one of our independent directors must have three years of relevant real estate experience and at least one independent director must be a financial expert with relevant financial experience.
Maryland law provides that any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting of the board also may be taken without a meeting by the unanimous written or electronic consent of all directors.
The approval by our board and by holders of at least a majority of our outstanding voting shares of stock is generally necessary for us to do any of the following:
| • | transfer all or substantially all of our assets other than in the ordinary course of business; |
| • | engage in mergers, consolidations or share exchanges; or |
Under our charter, our directors, our advisor and any affiliates thereof are generally prohibited from voting any shares they own on any proposal brought to stockholders seeking to remove our advisor, the directors or any affiliates thereof or to vote on any transaction between us and any of them. For these purposes, shares owned by our advisor, the directors or any affiliates thereof will not be included in the denominator to determine the number of votes needed to approve the matter.
Rights of Objecting Stockholders
Under Maryland law, dissenting holders may have, subject to satisfying certain procedures, the right to receive a cash payment representing the fair value of their shares of stock under certain circumstances. As permitted by the Maryland General Corporation Law, however, our charter includes a provision opting out of the appraisal rights statute, thereby precluding stockholders from exercising the rights of an “objecting stockholder” unless our board of directors determines that appraisal rights apply, with respect to all or any classes or series of stock, to one or more transactions occurring after the date of such determination in connection with which holders would otherwise be entitled to exercise appraisal rights. As a result of this provision, our stockholders will not have the right to dissent from extraordinary transactions, such as the merger of our company into another company or the sale of all or substantially all of our assets for securities.
Inspection of Books and Records; Stockholder Lists
Any stockholder or his or her designated representative will be permitted, at all reasonable times, to inspect and obtain copies of our records to which he or she is entitled under applicable law, subject to the limits contained in our charter. Specifically, the request cannot be made to secure a copy of our stockholder list or other information for the purpose of selling the list or using the list or other information for a commercial purpose other than in the interest of the applicant as a stockholder relative to the affairs of our company. We may require the stockholder requesting the stockholder list to represent that the stockholder list is not requested for a commercial purpose unrelated to the stockholder’s interest in us.
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For example, a stockholder may, subject to the limits described above, in person or by agent during normal business hours, on written request, inspect and obtain copies of our books of account and our stock ledger. Any stockholder also may present to any officer or its resident agent a written request for a statement of our affairs or our stockholder list, an alphabetical list of names and addresses and telephone numbers of our stockholders along with the number of shares of stock held by each of them. Our stockholder list will be maintained and updated at least quarterly as part of our corporate documents and records and will be printed on white paper in a readily readable type size. A copy of the stockholder list will be mailed to the stockholder within ten days of the request.
We may impose, and require the stockholder to pay, a reasonable charge for expenses incurred in reproducing any of our corporate documents and records. If our advisor or our directors neglect or refuse to produce or mail a copy of the stockholder list requested by a stockholder, then in accordance with applicable law and our charter, our advisor and our directors will be liable to the stockholder for the costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, incurred by the stockholder in compelling production of the list and actual damages suffered by the stockholder because of the refusal or neglect. The remedies provided hereunder to stockholders requesting copies of the stockholder list are in addition to, and will not in any way limit, other remedies available to stockholders under federal law, or the laws of any state. As noted above, if the stockholder’s actual purpose is to sell the list or use it for a commercial purpose, we may refuse to supply the list.
Our books and records are open for inspection by state securities administrators upon reasonable notice and during normal business hours.
Amendment of the Organizational Documents
Except for those amendments permitted to be made without stockholder approval, our charter may be amended, after approval by our board, by the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Our by-laws may be amended in any manner not inconsistent with the charter by a majority vote of our directors present at the board meeting.
Dissolution or Termination of the Company
As a Maryland corporation, we may be dissolved at any time after a determination by a majority of the entire board that dissolution is advisable and the approval of stockholders entitled to cast a majority of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Our board will determine when, and if, to:
| • | to have our shares of common stock listed for trading on a national securities exchange, subject to satisfying existing listing requirements; and |
| • | commence subsequent offerings of common stock after completing this offering. |
Our board does not anticipate evaluating a listing until at least three to five years after the offering. If listing our shares of common stock is not feasible, our board may decide to:
| • | sell our assets individually including seeking stockholder approval if the action would constitute the sale of all or substantially all of our assets; |
| • | continue our business and evaluate a listing of our shares of common stock at a future date; or |
| • | adopt a plan of liquidation. |
Advance Notice of Director Nominations and New Business
Proposals to elect directors or conduct other business at an annual or special meeting must be brought in accordance with our by-laws. The by-laws provide that any business may be transacted at the annual meeting without being specifically designated in the notice of meeting. However, with respect to special meetings of stockholders, only the business specified in the notice of the special meeting may be brought at that meeting.
Our by-laws also provide that nominations of individuals for election to the board and the proposal of other business may be made at an annual meeting, but only:
| • | in accordance with the notice of the meeting; |
| • | by or at the direction of our board; or |
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| • | by a stockholder who was a stockholder of record at the time of the giving of notice and at the time of the meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who has complied with the advance notice procedures set forth in our by-laws. |
A notice of a director nomination or stockholder proposal to be considered at an annual meeting must be delivered to our secretary at our principal executive offices:
| • | not later than 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on the later of the 120th day nor earlier than 150 days prior to the first anniversary of the date of release of the proxy statement for the previous year’s annual meeting; or |
| • | if the date of the meeting is advanced by more than 30 or delayed by more than 60 days from the anniversary date or if an annual meeting has not yet been held, not earlier than 150 days prior to the annual meeting or not later than 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on the later of the 120th day prior to the annual meeting or the tenth day following our first public announcement. |
Nominations of individuals for election to the board may be made at a special meeting, but only:
| • | by or at the direction of our board; or |
| • | if the meeting has been called for the purpose of electing directors, by a stockholder who was a stockholder of record at the time of the giving of notice and at the time of the meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who has complied with the advance notice procedures set forth in our by-laws. |
A notice of a director nomination to be considered at a special meeting must be delivered to our secretary at our principal executive offices:
| • | not earlier than 120 days prior to the special meeting; and |
| • | not later than 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on the later of either: |
| º | ninety days prior to the special meeting; or |
| º | ten days following the day of our first public announcement of the date of the special meeting and the nominees proposed by our board to be elected at the meeting. |
Restrictions on Certain Conversion Transactions and Roll-Ups
Our charter requires that some transactions involving an acquisition, merger, conversion or consolidation in which our stockholders receive securities in a surviving entity (known in the charter as a “roll-up entity”), must be approved by the holders of a majority of our then-outstanding shares of common stock. Approval of a transaction with, or resulting in, a “roll-up entity” is required if as part of the transaction our board determines that it is no longer in our best interest to attempt or continue to qualify as a REIT. Transactions effected because of changes in applicable law or to preserve tax advantages for a majority in interest of our stockholders do not require stockholder approval.
A “roll-up entity” is a partnership, REIT, corporation, trust or other similar entity created or surviving a roll-up transaction. A roll-up transaction does not include: (1) a transaction involving our securities that have been listed on a national securities exchange for at least twelve months; or (2) a transaction involving our conversion to corporate, trust or association form if, as a consequence of the transaction, there will be no significant adverse change in any of the following:
| • | stockholders’ voting rights; |
| • | sponsor or advisor compensation; or |
| • | our investment objectives. |
In the event of a proposed roll-up, an appraisal of all our assets must be obtained from a person with no material current or prior business or personal relationship with our advisor or our directors. Further, that person must be substantially engaged in the business of rendering valuation opinions of assets of the kind we
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hold or own. The appraisal must be included in a prospectus used to offer the securities of the roll-up entity and must be filed with the SEC and the state regulatory commissions as an exhibit to the registration statement for the offering of the roll-up entity’s shares. As a result, an issuer using the appraisal will be subject to liability for violation of Section 11 of the Securities Act and comparable provisions under state laws for any material misrepresentations or material omissions in the appraisal. The assets must be appraised in a consistent manner and the appraisal must:
| • | be based on an evaluation of all relevant information; |
| • | indicate the value of the assets as of a date immediately prior to the announcement of the proposed roll-up transaction; and |
| • | assume an orderly liquidation of the assets over a twelve-month period. |
The engagement agreement with the appraiser must clearly state that the engagement is for our benefit and the benefit of our stockholders. A summary of the independent appraisal, indicating all material assumptions underlying it, must be included in a report to the stockholders in the event of a proposed roll-up.
We may not participate in any proposed roll-up that would:
| • | result in the common stockholders of the roll-up entity having rights that are more restrictive to stockholders than those provided in our charter, including any restriction on the frequency of meetings; |
| • | result in the common stockholders having less comprehensive voting rights than are provided in our charter; |
| • | result in the common stockholders having access to records that are more limited than those provided for in our charter; |
| • | include provisions that would operate to materially impede or frustrate the accumulation of shares by any purchaser of the securities of the roll-up entity, except to the minimum extent necessary to preserve the tax status of the roll-up entity; |
| • | limit the ability of an investor to exercise its voting rights in the roll-up entity on the basis of the number of the shares held by that investor; or |
| • | place any of the costs of the transaction on us if the roll-up is rejected by our stockholders. |
However, with the prior approval of stockholders entitled to cast a majority of all votes entitled to be cast on the matter, we may participate in a proposed roll-up if the stockholders would have rights and be subject to restrictions comparable to those contained in our charter.
Stockholders who vote “no” on the proposed roll-up must have the choice of:
| • | accepting the securities of the roll-up entity offered; or |
| º | remaining as our stockholder and preserving their interests on the same terms and conditions as previously existed; or |
| º | receiving cash in an amount equal to their pro rata share of the appraised value of our net assets. |
These provisions, as well as others contained in our charter, by-laws and Maryland law, could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of us, including an extraordinary transaction (such as a merger, tender offer or sale of all or substantially all of our assets) that might provide a premium price for holders of our common stock. See generally “Risk Factors — Risks Related to This Offering and Our Corporate Structure.”
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Limitation on Total Operating Expenses
In any fiscal year, our annual total operating expenses may not exceed the greater of 2% of our average invested assets and 25% of our net income for that year. For these purposes, items such as organization and offering expenses, property expenses, interest payments, taxes, non-cash expenditures, any incentive fees payable to our advisor and acquisition fees and expenses are excluded from the definition of total operating expenses. Our independent directors will have a fiduciary responsibility to ensure that we do not exceed these limits. Our independent directors may, however, permit us to exceed these limits if they determine that doing so is justified because of unusual and non-recurring expenses, including, but not limited to, the occurrence of natural disasters, hurricanes, floods, tornadoes, special tax assessments or acts of terrorism. Any finding by our independent directors and the reasons supporting it must be recorded in the minutes of meetings of our directors. If at the end of any fiscal quarter, our total operating expenses for the twelve months then ended exceed these limits, we will disclose this in writing to the stockholders within sixty days of the end of the fiscal quarter and explain the justification for exceeding the limit. If our independent directors do not believe that exceeding the limit was justified, our advisor must reimburse us the amount by which the aggregate expenses exceed the limit.
Transactions With Affiliates
Our charter also restricts certain transactions between us and American Realty Capital and its affiliates, including our advisor, our dealer manager and our directors as follows:
| • | Sales and Leases. We may not purchase real estate assets from any of these parties unless a majority of our disinterested directors, including a majority of our disinterested independent directors, approves the transaction as being fair and reasonable to us and the price for the real estate assets is no greater to us than the cost paid by these parties for the real estate assets, unless substantial justification for the excess exists and the excess is reasonable. In no event may the cost of any real estate asset exceed its appraised value at the time we acquire the real estate asset. We also may not sell assets to, or lease assets from any of these parties unless the sale or lease is approved by a majority of our disinterested directors, including a majority of our disinterested independent directors, as being fair and reasonable to us. |
| • | Loans. We may not make loans to any of these parties except as provided by the eighth bullet point under “Restrictions on Investments” below in this section, or to our wholly owned subsidiaries. Also, we may not borrow money from any of these parties, unless a majority of our disinterested directors, including a majority of our disinterested independent directors, approves the transaction as fair, competitive and commercially reasonable and no less favorable to us than loans between unaffiliated parties under the same circumstances. For these purposes, amounts owed but not yet paid by us under the business management agreement, or any property management agreements, shall not constitute amounts advanced pursuant to a loan. |
| • | Investments. We may not invest in joint ventures with any of these parties as a partner, unless a majority of our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors, not otherwise interested in the transaction approves the transaction as being fair and reasonable to us and on substantially the same terms and conditions as those received by the other joint venturers. We also may not invest in equity securities not traded on a national securities exchange or included for quotation on an inter-dealer quotation system unless a majority of our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors, not otherwise interested in the transaction approves the transaction as being fair, competitive and commercially reasonable. |
| • | Other Transactions. All other transactions between us and any of these parties require approval by a majority of our disinterested directors, including a majority of our disinterested independent directors, as being fair and reasonable and on terms and conditions not less favorable to us than those available from unaffiliated third parties. |
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For purposes of this prospectus, an “affiliate” of any natural person, partnership, corporation, association, trust, limited liability company or other legal entity (a “person”) includes any of the following:
| • | any person directly or indirectly owning, controlling or holding, with power to vote 10% or more of the outstanding voting securities of such other person; |
| • | any person 10% or more of whose outstanding voting securities are directly or indirectly owned, controlled, or held, with power to vote, by such other person; |
| • | any person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with, such other person; |
| • | any executive officer, director, trustee or general partner of such other person; and |
| • | any legal entity for which such person acts as an executive officer, director, trustee or general partner. |
Restrictions on Borrowing
We may not borrow money to pay distributions except as necessary to satisfy the requirement to distribute at least 90% of our “REIT taxable income.” Our board will review, at least quarterly, the aggregate amount of our borrowings, both secured and unsecured, to ensure that the borrowings are reasonable in relation to our net assets. In general, the aggregate borrowings secured by all our assets will not exceed 300% of our total “net assets” (as defined by the NASAA REIT Guidelines) as of the date of any borrowing, which is generally expected to be approximately 75% of the cost of our investments; however, we may exceed that limit if approved by a majority of our independent directors and disclosed to stockholders in our next quarterly report following such borrowing, along with justification for exceeding such limit. This charter limitation, however, does not apply to individual real estate assets or investments. See the section entitled “Risk Factors — Risks Related to This Offering and Our Corporate Structure” in this prospectus for additional discussion regarding our borrowings.
Restrictions on Investments
The investment policies set forth below have been approved by a majority of our independent directors. Until such time as our shares of common stock are listed, we will not:
| • | invest in any foreign currency or bullion; |
| • | invest in short sales of securities; |
| • | invest in any security in any entity holding investments or engaging in activities prohibited by our charter; |
| • | borrow in excess of 300% of our total “net assets” (as defined by the NASAA REIT Guidelines) as of the date of any borrowing, which is generally expected to be approximately 75% of the cost of our investments; however, we may exceed the limit if approved by a majority of our independent directors and disclosed to stockholders in our next quarterly report following such borrowing along with justification for exceeding such limit. This charter limitation, however, does not apply to individual real estate assets or investments; |
| • | borrow in excess of 40% to 50% of the aggregate fair market value of our assets (calculated after the close of this offering and once we have invested substantially all the proceeds of this offering), unless borrowing a greater amount is approved by a majority of our independent directors and disclosed to stockholders in our next quarterly report along with justification for the excess. This policy limitation, however, does not apply to individual real estate assets or investments and will only apply once we have ceased raising capital under this offering and have invested substantially all of our capital; |
| • | make investments in assets located outside of the United States; |
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| • | acquire undeveloped land, develop new real estate, or substantially re-develop existing real estate with an aggregate value in excess of 10% of our the value of our total assets; |
| • | make mortgage loans in transaction with our sponsor, advisor, directors or their respective affiliates unless an appraisal is obtained concerning the underlying property, except for those mortgage loans insured or guaranteed by a government or government agency; |
| • | make or invest in mortgage loans, including construction loans, on any one property if the aggregate amount of all mortgage loans on such property would exceed an amount equal to 85% of the appraised value of such property, as determined by our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors, unless substantial justification exists for exceeding such limit because of the presence of other underwriting criteria; |
| • | make an investment in a property or mortgage loan if the related acquisition fees and acquisition expenses are unreasonable or exceed 4.5% of the purchase price of the property or, in the case of a mortgage loan, 4.5% of the funds advanced; provided that the investment may be made if a majority of our independent directors determines that the transaction is commercially competitive, fair and reasonable to us; |
| • | invest less than 70% of the value of our total assets in the New York MSA (calculated after the close of this offering and once we have invested substantially all the proceeds of this offering; |
| • | invest in equity securities (including any preferred securities) not traded on a national securities exchange or included for quotation on an inter-dealer quotation system unless a majority of our independent directors approves such investment as being fair, competitive and commercially reasonable; |
| • | invest in publicly traded real estate equity or debt securities, including, but not limited to, CMBS, in excess of 20% of the aggregate value of our assets as of the close of our offering period and thereafter; |
| • | invest in or originate real estate loans (excluding publicly traded real estate debt) in excess of 20% of the aggregate value of our assets as of the close of our offering period and thereafter; |
| • | invest in real estate contracts of sale, otherwise known as land sale contracts, unless the contract is in recordable form and is appropriately recorded in the chain of title; |
| • | invest in commodities or commodity futures contracts, except for futures contracts when used solely for the purpose of hedging in connection with our ordinary business of investing in real estate assets and mortgages; |
| • | issue equity securities on a deferred payment basis or other similar arrangement; |
| • | issue debt securities in the absence of adequate cash flow to cover debt service; |
| • | issue equity securities that are assessable after we have received the consideration for which our board of directors authorized their issuance; |
| • | issue equity securities redeemable solely at the option of the holder, which restriction has no effect on our share repurchase program or the ability of our operating partnership to issue redeemable partnership interests; |
| • | invest in indebtedness secured by a mortgage on real property which is subordinate to liens or other indebtedness of our advisor, any director or any of our affiliates; |
| • | issue options or warrants to purchase shares to our advisor, our directors or any of their affiliates except on the same terms as such options or warrants, if any, are sold to the general public. Further, the amount of the options or warrants cannot exceed an amount equal to 10% of outstanding shares on the date of grant of the warrants and options; |
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| • | make any investment that we believe will be inconsistent with our objectives of qualifying and remaining qualified as a REIT unless and until our board of directors determines, in its sole discretion, that REIT qualification is not in our best interests; |
| • | invest in debt secured by a mortgage on real property that is subordinate to the lien of other debt in excess of 25% of our tangible assets; |
| • | engage in trading, as opposed to investment activities; or |
| • | engage in underwriting activities or distribute, as agent, securities issued by others. |
Our independent directors will review our investment policies at least annually to determine whether these policies are in the best interests of our stockholders. The board may make material changes to our investment policies only by amending our charter. Any amendment to our charter requires the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast a majority of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter.
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SUMMARY OF OUR OPERATING PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT
The following is a summary of the agreement of limited partnership of New York Recovery Operating Partnership, L.P., our operating partnership. This summary and the descriptions of the operating partnership agreement provisions elsewhere in this prospectus are qualified by such agreement itself, which is filed as an exhibit to our registration statement, of which this prospectus is a part. See the section entitled “Where You Can Find Additional Information” in this prospectus.
Conducting our operations through the operating partnership allows the sellers of properties to contribute their property interests to the operating partnership in exchange for limited partnership common units rather than for cash or our common stock. This enables the seller to defer some or all of the potential taxable gain on the transfer. From the seller’s perspective, there are also differences between the ownership of common stock and partnership units, some of which may be material because they impact the business organization form, distribution rights, voting rights, transferability of equity interests received and U.S. federal income taxation.
Description of Partnership Units
Partnership interests in the operating partnership are divided into “units.” Initially, the operating partnership will have two classes of units: general partnership units and limited partnership common units. General partnership units represent an interest as a general partner in the operating partnership and we, as general partner, will hold all such units. In return for the initial capital contribution of $200,000 we made, the operating partnership issued to us 20,000 general partnership units. New York Recovery Special Limited Partnership, LLC, the parent of our advisor, is a special limited partner of our operating partnership, but does not hold any general partnership units or limited partnership common units. See the section “— Special Limited Partner” below.
Limited partnership common units represent an interest as a limited partner in the operating partnership. The operating partnership may issue additional units and classes of units with rights different from, and superior to, those of general partnership units and/or limited partnership common units, without the consent of the limited partners. Holders of limited partnership units do not have any preemptive rights with respect to the issuance of additional units.
For each limited partnership common unit received, investors generally will be required to contribute money or property, with a net equity value determined by the general partner. Holders of limited partnership units will not be obligated to make additional capital contributions to the operating partnership. Further, such holders will not have the right to make additional capital contributions to the operating partnership or to purchase additional limited partnership units without our consent as general partner. For further information on capital contributions, see the section entitled “— Capital Contributions” below.
Limited partners do not have the right to participate in the management of the operating partnership. Limited partners who do not participate in the management of the operating partnership, by virtue of their status as limited partners, generally are not liable for the debts and liabilities of the operating partnership beyond the amount of their capital contributions. We, however, as the general partner of the operating partnership, are liable for any unpaid debts and liabilities. The voting rights of the limited partners are generally limited to approval of specific types of amendments to the operating partnership agreement. With respect to such amendments, each limited partnership common unit has one vote. See the section entitled “— Management of the Operating Partnership” below for a more detailed discussion of this subject.
In general, each limited partnership common unit will share equally in distributions from the operating partnership when such distributions are declared by us, the general partner, which decision will be made in our sole discretion. Upon the operating partnership’s liquidation, limited partnership common units also will share equally in the assets of the operating partnership that are available for distribution, after payment of all liabilities, establishment of reserves and after payment of any preferred return owed to holders of any limited partnership preferred units. In addition, a portion of the items of income, gain, loss and deduction of the operating partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes will be allocated to each limited partnership common unit, regardless of whether any distributions are made by the operating partnership. See the section entitled “Certain Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations — Tax Aspects of Investments in
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Partnerships” in this prospectus for a description of the manner in which income, gain, loss and deductions are allocated under the operating partnership agreement. As general partner, we may amend the allocation and distribution sections of the operating partnership agreement to reflect the issuance of additional units and classes of units without the consent of the limited partners.
Under certain circumstances, holders of limited partnership units may be restricted from transferring their interests without the consent of the general partner. See the section entitled “— Transferability of Interests” below for a discussion of certain restrictions imposed by the operating partnership agreement on such transfers. After owning a limited partnership common unit for one year, limited partnership common unit holders generally may, subject to certain restrictions, exchange limited partnership units for the cash value of a corresponding number of shares of our common stock or, at our option, a corresponding number of shares of our common stock. See the section entitled “— Limited Partner Exchange Rights” below for a description of these rights and the amount and types of consideration a limited partner is entitled to receive upon exercise of such rights. These exchange rights are accelerated in the case of some extraordinary transactions. See the section entitled “— Extraordinary Transactions” below for an explanation of the exchange rights under such circumstances.
Management of the Operating Partnership
The operating partnership is organized as a Delaware limited partnership pursuant to the terms of the operating partnership agreement. We are the general partner of the operating partnership and expect to conduct substantially all of our business through it. Pursuant to the operating partnership agreement, we, as the general partner, will have full, exclusive and complete responsibility and discretion in the management and control of the partnership, including the ability to enter into major transactions, such as acquisitions, dispositions and refinancings, and to cause changes in the operating partnership’s business and distribution policies. Further, we may, without the consent of the limited partners:
| • | file a voluntary petition seeking liquidation, reorganization, arrangement or readjustment, in any form, of the partnership’s debts under Title 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code, or any other federal or state insolvency law, or corresponding provisions of future laws, or file an answer consenting to or acquiescing in any such petition; or |
| • | cause the operating partnership to make an assignment for the benefit of its creditors or admit in writing its inability to pay its debts as they mature. |
The limited partners, in their capacities as such, will have no authority to transact business for, or participate in the management or decisions of, the operating partnership, except as provided in the operating partnership agreement and as required by applicable law. Further, the limited partners have no right to remove us as the general partner.
As general partner, we also may amend the operating partnership agreement without the consent of the limited partners. However, the following amendments will require the unanimous written consent of the affected limited partners or the consent of limited partners holding more than 50% of the voting power in the operating partnership:
| • | any amendment that alters or changes the distribution rights of limited partners, subject to the exceptions discussed below under the “Distributions” portion of this section; |
| • | any amendment that alters or changes the limited partner’s exchange rights; |
| • | any amendment that imposes on limited partners any obligation to make additional capital contributions; or |
| • | any amendment that alters the terms of the operating partnership agreement regarding the rights of the limited partners with respect to extraordinary transactions. |
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Indemnification
To the extent permitted by law, the operating partnership agreement provides for indemnification of us when acting in our capacity as general partner. It also provides for indemnification of directors, officers and other persons that we may designate under the same conditions, and subject to the same restrictions, applicable to the indemnification of officers, directors, employees and stockholders under our charter. See the section entitled “Management — Limited Liability and Indemnification of Directors, Officers, Employees and Other Agents” in this prospectus.
Transferability of Interests
Under the operating partnership agreement, we may not withdraw from the partnership or transfer or assign all of our general partnership interest without the consent of holders of two-thirds of the limited partnership units, except in connection with the sale of all or substantially all of our assets. Under certain circumstances and with the prior written consent of the general partner and satisfaction of other conditions set forth in the operating partnership agreement, holders of limited partnership units may withdraw from the partnership and transfer and/or encumber all or any part of their units.
In addition, limited partnership units are not registered under the federal or state securities laws. As a result, the ability of a holder to transfer its units may be restricted under such laws.
Extraordinary Transactions
The operating partnership agreement generally permits us and/or the operating partnership to engage in any authorized business combination without the consent of the limited partners. A business combination is any merger, consolidation or other combination with or into another entity, or the sale of all or substantially all the assets of any entity, or any liquidation, reclassification, recapitalization or change in the terms of the equity stock into which a unit may be converted. We are required to send to each limited partnership common unit holder notice of a proposed business combination at least 15 days prior to the record date for the stockholder vote on the combination. Generally, a limited partner may not exercise its exchange rights until it has held the units for at least one year. However, in the case of a proposed combination, each holder of a limited partnership common unit in the operating partnership shall have the right to exercise its exchange right prior to the stockholder vote on the transaction, even if it has held its units for less than one year. See the section entitled “Limited Partner Exchange Rights” below for a description of such rights. Upon the limited partner’s exercise of the exchange right in the case of a business combination, the partnership units will be exchanged for the cash value of a corresponding number of shares of our common stock or, at the option of the operating partnership, a corresponding number of shares of our common stock. However, a limited partnership common unit holder cannot be paid in shares of our common stock if the issuance of shares to such holder would:
| • | be prohibited under our charter; for example, if the issuance would (i) violate the 9.8% ownership limit or (ii) result in our being “closely held” within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Internal Revenue Code. See the section entitled “Description of Securities — Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer” in this prospectus; |
| • | cause us to no longer qualify, or create a material risk that we may no longer qualify, as a REIT in the opinion of our counsel; or |
| • | cause the acquisition of shares by the limited partner to be integrated with any other distribution of shares for purposes of complying with the registration provisions of the Securities Act. |
Any limited partnership unit holders who timely exchange their units prior to the record date for the stockholder vote on a business combination shall be entitled to vote their shares in any stockholder vote on the business combination. Holders of limited partnership units who exchange their units after the record date may not vote their shares in any stockholder vote on the proposed business combination. The right of the limited partnership common unit holders to exercise their right to exchange without regard to whether they have held the units for more than a year shall terminate upon the earlier of (i) the disapproval of the business combination by our board of directors, (ii) the disapproval of the business combination by stockholders, (iii) the abandonment of the business combination by any of the parties to it, or (iv) the business combination’s effective date.
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Issuance of Additional Units
As general partner of the operating partnership, we can, without the consent of the limited partners, cause the operating partnership to issue additional units representing general and/or limited partnership interests. A new issuance may include preferred units, which may have rights which are different than, and/or superior to, those of general partnership units and limited partnership units. Furthermore, the operating partnership agreement requires the issuance of additional common units corresponding with any issuance of stock by us pursuant to the distribution reinvestment program or as a result of distributing stock in order to meet our annual distribution requirement to maintain our status as a REIT.
Capital Contributions
The operating partnership agreement provides that, if the operating partnership requires additional funds at any time, or from time to time, in excess of funds available to it from prior borrowings or capital contributions, we, as general partner, have the right to raise additional funds required by the operating partnership by causing it to borrow the necessary funds from third parties on such terms and conditions as we deem appropriate. As an alternative to borrowing funds required by the operating partnership, we may contribute the amount of such required funds as an additional capital contribution. The operating partnership agreement also provides that we must contribute cash or other property received in exchange for the issuance of equity stock to the operating partnership in exchange for units. Upon the contribution of cash or other property received in exchange for the issuance of common shares, we will receive one general partnership common unit for each share issued by us. Upon the contribution of the cash or other property received in exchange for the issuance of each share of equity stock other than common shares, we will receive one unit with rights and preferences respecting distributions corresponding to the rights and preferences of the equity stock that we issued. If we contribute additional capital to the operating partnership, our partnership interest will be increased on a proportionate basis. Conversely, the partnership interests of the limited partners will be decreased on a proportionate basis if we contribute any additional capital.
Distributions
The operating partnership agreement sets forth the manner in which distributions from the partnership will be made to unit holders. Distributions from the partnership are made at the times and in the amounts determined by us, as the general partner. Under the operating partnership agreement, preferred units, if any, may entitle their holders to distributions prior to the payment of distributions for the other units. The agreement further provides that remaining amounts available for distribution after distributions for preferred units, if any, will be distributed at the times and in the amounts we determine as the general partner in our sole discretion, pro rata, to the holders of the general partnership units and the limited partnership units, in accordance with the number of units that they hold. We also will distribute the remaining amounts to the holders of preferred units, if any, which are entitled to share in the net profits of the operating partnership beyond, or in lieu of, the receipt of any preferred return. The operating partnership agreement also provides that, as general partner, we have the right to amend the distribution provisions of the operating partnership agreement to reflect the issuance of additional classes of units.
The operating partnership agreement provides that cash available for distribution, excluding cash available from the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all the assets and properties of the operating partnership or a related series of transactions that when taken together result in the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all the assets and properties of the operating partnership, or a capital transaction, will be distributed to the partners based on their percentage interests. Distributions from cash available from a capital transaction will be distributed to partners as follows:
| • | first, 100% to us (which we will distribute to the holders of our common stock) and the limited partners entitled to such distributions in accordance with each such partner’s percentage interests, until our stockholders’ and such limited partner’s “net investment” balance is zero; |
| • | second, 100% to us (which we will distribute to the holders of our common stock) and the limited partners entitled to such distributions in accordance with each such partner’s percentage interests, until our stockholders and such limited partners have received a cumulative, pre-tax, non-compounded return of 6% per year on their average “net investment” balance; and |
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| • | thereafter,15% to the special limited partner, and 85% to us (which we will distribute to the holders of our common stock) and the limited partners entitled to such distributions in accordance with each such partner’s percentage interests. |
The return calculations described above applies to all distributions received and not just distributions from cash available from a capital transaction. Achievement of a particular threshold, therefore, is determined with reference to all prior distributions made by our operating partnership to New York Recovery Special Limited Partnership, LLC, the special limited partner, and to us, which we will then distribute to our stockholders. As it relates to our stockholders, “net investment” means the excess of gross proceeds raised in all offerings over all prior distributions from cash available from a capital transaction and any amounts paid by us to repurchase shares of our stock pursuant to our share repurchase plan or otherwise. As it relates to the limited partners, “net investment” means the excess of capital contributions made by limited partners over all prior distributions to the limited partners from cash available from a capital transaction (other than distributions on limited partner interests held directly or indirectly by us as the general partner) and any proceeds or property used to redeem limited partner interests (except those held directly or indirectly by us as the general partner).
The operating partnership agreement also provides that, as general partner, we have the right to amend the distribution provisions of the operating partnership agreement to reflect the issuance of additional classes of units. The operating partnership agreement further provides that, as general partner, we shall use our best efforts to ensure sufficient distributions are made to meet the annual distribution requirements and to avoid U.S. federal income and excise taxes on our earnings.
Liquidation
Upon the liquidation of the operating partnership, after payment of debts and obligations, any remaining assets of the partnership will be distributed to partners pro rata in accordance with their positive capital accounts.
Allocations
The operating partnership agreement provides that net income, net loss and any other individual items of income, gain, loss or deduction of the operating partnership shall be allocated among the partners in such a manner that the capital accounts of each partner, immediately after making such allocation, is, as nearly as possible, equal proportionately to the distributions that would be made to such partner if the operating partnership were dissolved, its affairs wound up and its assets were sold for cash, all operating partnership liabilities were satisfied, and the net assets of the operating partnership were distributed to the partners immediately after making such allocation.
Operations
The operating partnership agreement requires that the partnership be operated in a manner that will:
| • | satisfy the requirements for our classification as a REIT; |
| • | avoid any U.S. federal income or excise tax liability, unless we otherwise cease to qualify as a REIT; and |
| • | ensure that the operating partnership will not be classified as a publicly traded partnership under the Internal Revenue Code. |
Pursuant to the operating partnership agreement, the operating partnership will assume and pay when due, or reimburse us for, payment of all administrative and operating costs and expenses incurred by the operating partnership and the administrative costs and expenses that we incur on behalf, or for the benefit, of the operating partnership.
Limited Partner Exchange Rights
Pursuant to the terms of, and subject to the conditions in, the operating partnership agreement, each holder of a limited partnership common unit (but not the holder of the special limited partner interests) will have the right, commencing one year from the issuance of the limited partner common units (except in connection with a business combination), to cause the operating partnership to redeem their limited partner
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common units for cash in an amount equal to the per share offering price of our common stock minus the maximum selling commissions and dealer manager fee allowed in the offering, to account for the fact that no selling commission or dealer manager fees will be paid in connection with any such issuances (at the offering price, each such limited partner common unit would be issued at $9.00 per share), or, at the option of the operating partnership, for one share of our common stock for each limited partner common unit redeemed. The decision whether to exercise its right to exchange shares of common stock in lieu of cash shall be made on a case by case basis at the operating partnership’s sole and absolute discretion. The limited partnership units exchanged for cash or shares of our common stock will augment our ownership percentage in the operating partnership. See the section entitled “— Extraordinary Transactions” below for a description of exchange rights in connection with mergers and other major transactions. However, a limited partnership common unit holder cannot be paid in shares of our common stock if the issuance of shares to such holder would:
| • | be prohibited under our charter; for example, if the issuance would (i) violate the 9.8% ownership limit or (ii) result in our being “closely held” within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Internal Revenue Code. See the section entitled “Description of Securities — Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer” in this prospectus; |
| • | cause us to no longer qualify, or create a material risk that we may no longer qualify, as a REIT in the opinion of our counsel; or |
| • | cause the acquisition of shares by the limited partner to be integrated with any other distribution of shares for purposes of complying with the registration provisions of the Securities Act. |
Any common stock issued to the limited partners upon exchange of their respective limited partnership units may be sold only pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act or an exemption from, or exception to, registration. The cash necessary to exchange limited partnership units will come from any funds legally available to us or the operating partnership. However, specific funds will not be specially set aside for such purposes, nor will an accounting reserve be established for it. The necessary cash to satisfy the exchange right could come from cash flow not required to be distributed to stockholders to maintain our REIT status, fund operations or acquire new properties, or from borrowings. However, as explained above, the operating partnership always has the option to satisfy the exchange right with common stock, and we intend to reserve common stock for that purpose. The operating partnership will make the decision whether to exercise its right to satisfy the exchange right by paying to the holder the exchange price or issuing common stock having an aggregate market price on the date the holder exercises the exchange right equal to the exchange price for all units being exchanged, on a case by case basis in its sole and absolute discretion.
As general partner, we will have the right to grant similar exchange rights to holders of other classes of units, if any, in the operating partnership, and to holders of equity interests in the entities that own our properties.
Exercise of exchange rights will be a taxable transaction in which gain or loss will be recognized by the limited partner exercising its right to exchange its units for the cash value of a corresponding number of shares of our common stock or, at the option of the operating partnership, a corresponding number of shares of our common stock, to the extent that the amount realized exceeds the limited partner’s adjusted basis in the units exchanged.
Special Limited Partner
New York Recovery Special Limited Partnership, LLC, the parent of our advisor, is a Delaware limited liability company formed on November 4, 2009 and is a special limited partner of our operating partnership. New York Recovery Special Limited Partnership, LLC does not hold any general partnership interests or limited partnership interests, as such terms are defined in the partnership agreement. New York Recovery Special Limited Partnership, LLC does not have any voting rights, approval rights, rights to distributions or any other rights under the partnership agreement other than the right to receive distributions in connection with the sale of all or substantially all the assets of our operating partnership. Any such distribution to New York Recovery Special Limited Partnership, LLC is related to our successful performance. Such distribution is calculated as 15% of the remaining net sale proceeds after the investors have received a return
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of their net capital contributions plus payment to investors of an annual 6% cumulative, pre-tax, non-compounded return on the capital contributed by investors.
Tax Matters
Pursuant to the operating partnership agreement, we will be the tax matters partner of the operating partnership, and as such, will have authority to make tax decisions under the Internal Revenue Code on behalf of the operating partnership. Tax income and loss generally will be allocated in a manner that reflects the entitlement of the general partner, limited partners and the special limited partner to receive distributions from the operating partnership. We will file a U.S. federal income tax return annually on behalf of the operating partnership on IRS Form 1065 (or such other successor form) or on any other IRS form as may be required. As we have not yet begun operations, it is not clear what form any special purpose entities would take for U.S. federal income tax purposes. To the extent that any special purpose entity is not wholly owned by the operating partnership or is a taxable REIT subsidiary, we will arrange for the preparation and filing of the appropriate tax returns for such special purpose entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes. For a description of other tax consequences stemming from our investment in the operating partnership, see the section entitled “Certain Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations — Tax Aspects of Investments in Partnerships” in this prospectus.
Duties and Conflicts
Except as otherwise set forth under the sections entitled “Conflicts of Interest” and “Management” in this prospectus, any limited partner may engage in other business activities outside the operating partnership, including business activities that directly compete with the operating partnership.
Term
The operating partnership will continue in full force and effect until December 31, 2099 or until sooner dissolved and terminated upon (i) our dissolution, bankruptcy, insolvency or termination, (ii) the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all the assets of the operating partnership unless we, as general partner, elect to continue the business of the operating partnership to collect the indebtedness or other consideration to be received in exchange for the assets of the operating partnership, or (iii) by operation of law.
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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
The Offering
We are offering a maximum of 150,000,000 shares of our common stock to the public through Realty Capital Securities, LLC, our dealer manager, a registered broker-dealer affiliated with our advisor. Of this amount, we are offering 150,000,000 shares in our primary offering at a price of $10.00 per share, except as provided below.
Our board of directors has arbitrarily determined the selling price of the shares, consistent with comparable real estate investment programs in the market, and such price bears no relationship to our book or asset values, or to any other established criteria for valuing issued or outstanding shares. Because the offering price is not based upon any independent valuation, the offering price is not indicative of the proceeds that you would receive upon liquidation.
The shares are being offered on a “best efforts” basis, which means generally that the dealer manager is required to use only its best efforts to sell the shares and it has no firm commitment or obligation to purchase any of the shares. We also are offering up to 25,000,000 shares for sale pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan. We reserve the right to reallocate the shares of common stock we are offering between the primary offering and our distribution reinvestment plan. The purchase price for shares sold under our distribution reinvestment plan will be equal to the higher of 95% of the estimated value of a share of common stock, as estimated by our board of directors, and $9.50 per share. The reduced purchase price for shares purchased pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan reflects that there will be no fees, commissions or expenses paid with respect to these shares. We reserve the right to reallocate the shares of our common stock we are offering between the primary offering and the distribution reinvestment plan. The offering of shares of our common stock will terminate on or before September 2, 2012, which is two years after the effective date of this offering. If we have not sold all the shares within two years, we may continue the primary offering for an additional year until September 2, 2013. If we decide to continue our primary offering beyond two years from the date of this prospectus, we will provide that information in a prospectus supplement. This offering must be registered in every state in which we offer or sell shares. Generally, such registrations are for a period of one year. Thus, we may have to stop selling shares in any state in which our registration is not renewed or otherwise extended annually. At the discretion of our board of directors, we may elect to extend the termination date of our offering of shares reserved for issuance pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan until we have sold all shares allocated to such plan through the reinvestment of distributions, in which case participants in the plan will be notified. We reserve the right to terminate this offering at any time prior to the stated termination date.
Dealer Manager and Compensation We Will Pay for the Sale of Our Shares
Realty Capital Securities, LLC, our dealer manager, was organized in August 2007 for the purpose of participating in and facilitating the distribution of securities in programs sponsored by American Realty Capital, its affiliates and its predecessors. For additional information about Realty Capital Securities, LLC, including information relating to Realty Capital Securities, LLC’s affiliation with us, please refer to the section of this prospectus captioned “Management — Affiliated Companies — Dealer Manager.”
Except as provided below, our dealer manager will receive selling commissions of 7% of the gross offering proceeds. The dealer manager also will receive a dealer manager fee in the amount of 3% of the gross offering proceeds as compensation for acting as the dealer manager. We will not pay selling commissions or a dealer manager fee for shares sold pursuant to the distribution reinvestment plan. We will not pay referral or similar fees to any accountants, attorneys or other persons in connection with the distribution of the shares. All or a portion of the 3% dealer manager fee may be reallowed to participating broker-dealers for non-accountable marketing support. Realty Capital Securities, LLC anticipates, based on its past experience, that, on average, it will reallow 1% of the dealer manager fee to participating broker-dealers. Realty Capital Securities, LLC may reallow all or a portion of selling commissions to participating broker-dealers. Alternatively, a participating broker-dealer may elect to receive a fee equal to 7.5% of gross proceeds from the sale of shares by such participating broker-dealer, with 2.5% thereof paid at the time of such sale and 1% thereof paid on each anniversary of the closing of such sale up to and including the fifth anniversary of the closing of such sale, in which event, a portion of the dealer manager fee will be reallowed such that the
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combined selling commission and dealer manager fee do not exceed 10% of gross proceeds of our primary offering. See the section entitled “Distribution Reinvestment Plan — Investment of Distributions” in this prospectus.
The dealer manager does not intend to be a market maker and so will not execute trades for selling stockholders. Set forth below is a table indicating the estimated dealer manager compensation and expenses that will be paid in connection with the offering.
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| | Per Share | | Total Maximum |
Primary offering:
| | | | | | | | |
Price to public | | $ | 10.00 | | | $ | 1,500,000,000 | |
Selling commissions | | | 0.70 | | | | 105,000,000 | |
Dealer manager fees | | | 0.30 | | | | 45,000,000 | |
Proceeds to American Realty Capital New York Recovery REIT, Inc. | | $ | 9.00 | | | | 1,350,000,000 | |
Distribution reinvestment plan:
| | | | | | | | |
Price to public | | $ | 9.50 | | | $ | 237,500,000 | |
Distribution selling commissions | | | — | | | | | |
Dealer manager fees | | | — | | | | | |
Proceeds to American Realty Capital New York Recovery REIT, Inc. | | $ | 9.50 | | | $ | 237,500,000 | |
No selling commissions or dealer manager fees are payable in connection with the distribution reinvestment plan or the share repurchase program.
We will not pay any selling commissions in connection with the sale of shares to investors whose contracts for investment advisory and related brokerage services include a fixed or “wrap” fee feature. Investors may agree with their participating brokers to reduce the amount of selling commissions payable with respect to the sale of their shares down to zero (i) if the investor has engaged the services of a registered investment advisor or other financial advisor who will be paid compensation for investment advisory services or other financial or investment advice or (ii) if the investor is investing through a bank trust account with respect to which the investor has delegated the decision-making authority for investments made through the account to a bank trust department. The net proceeds to us will not be affected by reducing the commissions payable in connection with such transaction. Neither our dealer manager nor its affiliates will directly or indirectly compensate any person engaged as an investment advisor or a bank trust department by a potential investor as an inducement for such investment advisor or bank trust department to advise favorably for an investment in our shares.
We or our affiliates also may provide permissible forms of non-cash compensation to registered representatives of our dealer manager and the participating broker-dealers, such as golf shirts, fruit baskets, cakes, chocolates, a bottle of wine, a gift certificate (provided it cannot be redeemed for cash) or tickets to a sporting event. In no event shall such items exceed an aggregate value of $100 per annum per participating salesperson, or be pre-conditioned on achievement of a sales target. The value of such items will be considered underwriting compensation in connection with this offering.
We have agreed to indemnify the participating broker-dealers, including our dealer manager and selected registered investment advisors, against certain liabilities arising under the Securities Act. However, the SEC takes the position that indemnification against liabilities arising under the Securities Act is against public policy and is unenforceable.
In addition to the compensation described above, our sponsor may pay certain costs associated with the sale and distribution of our shares. We will not reimburse our sponsor for such payments. Nonetheless, such payments will be deemed to be “underwriting compensation” by FINRA. In accordance with the rules of FINRA, the table above sets forth the nature and estimated amount of all items that will be viewed as “underwriting compensation” by FINRA that are anticipated to be paid by us and our sponsor in connection with the offering. The amounts shown assume we sell all of the shares offered hereby and that all shares are sold in our primary offering through participating broker-dealers, which is the distribution channel with the highest possible selling commissions and dealer manager fees.
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We will not pay selling commissions in connection with the following special sales:
| • | the sale of common stock in connection with the performance of services to our employees, directors and associates and our affiliates, our advisor, affiliates of our advisor, the dealer manager or their respective officers and employees and some of their affiliates; |
| • | the purchase of common stock under the distribution reinvestment plan; |
| • | the sale of our common stock to one or more soliciting dealers and to their respective officers and employees and some of their respective affiliates who request and are entitled to purchase common stock net of selling commissions; |
| • | the common stock credited to an investor as a result of a volume discount; and |
| • | shares purchased by affiliates and certain related persons as described below under “— Shares Purchased by Affiliates.” |
It is illegal for us to pay or award any commissions or other compensation to any person engaged by you for investment advice as an inducement to such advisor to advise you to purchase our common stock; however, nothing herein will prohibit a registered broker-dealer or other properly licensed person from earning a sales commission in connection with a sale of the common stock.
To the extent necessary to comply with FINRA rules, we will provide, on an annual basis, a per-share estimated value of our common stock, the method by which we developed such value and the date of the data we used to estimate such value.
In connection with the minimum offering and FINRA’s 10% cap, our dealer manager will advance all the fixed expenses, including, but not limited to, wholesaling salaries, salaries of dual employees allocated to wholesaling activities, and other fixed expenses (including, but not limited to wholesaling expense reimbursements and the dealer manager’s legal costs associated with filing the offering with FINRA), that are required to be included within FINRA’s 10% cap to ensure that the aggregate underwriting compensation paid in connection with the offering does not exceed FINRA’s 10% cap.
Also, our dealer manager will repay to the company any excess amounts received over FINRA’s 10% cap if the offering is abruptly terminated after reaching the minimum amount, but before reaching the maximum amount, of offering proceeds.
Shares Purchased by Affiliates
Our executive officers and directors, as well as officers and employees of Realty Capital Securities, LLC and their family members (including spouses, parents, grandparents, children and siblings) or other affiliates and “Friends”, may purchase shares offered in this offering at a discount. The purchase price for such shares shall be $9.00 per share, reflecting the fact that selling commissions in the amount of $0.70 per share and a dealer manager fee in the amount of $0.30 per share will not be payable in connection with such sales. “Friends” means those individuals who have had long standing business and/or personal relationships with our executive officers and directors. The net offering proceeds we receive will not be affected by such sales of shares at a discount. Our executive officers, directors and other affiliates will be expected to hold their shares purchased as stockholders for investment and not with a view towards resale. In addition, shares purchased by Realty Capital Securities, LLC or its affiliates will not be entitled to vote on any matter presented to the stockholders for a vote relating to the removal of our directors or New York Recovery Advisors, LLC as our advisor or any transaction between us and any of our directors, New York Recovery Advisors, LLC or any of their respective affiliates. With the exception of the 20,000 shares initially sold to New York Recovery Special Limited Partnership, LLC in connection with our organization, no director, officer or advisor or any affiliate may own more than 9.8% in value of the aggregate of the outstanding shares of our stock or more than 9.8% (in value or in number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of any class or series of shares of our stock.
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Volume Discounts
We will offer a reduced share purchase price to “single purchasers” on orders of more than $500,000 and selling commissions paid to Realty Capital Securities, LLC and participating broker-dealers will be reduced by the amount of the share purchase price discount. The per share purchase price will apply to the specific range of each share purchased in the total volume ranges set forth in the table below. The reduced purchase price will not affect the amount we receive for investment.
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For a “Single Purchaser” | | Purchase Price per Share in Volume Discount Range | | Selling Commission per Share in Volume Discount Range |
$ 1,000 – $ 500,000 | | $ | 10.00 | | | $ | 0.70 | |
500,001 – 1,000,000 | | | 9.90 | | | | 0.60 | |
1,000,001 – 5,000,000+ | | | 9.55 | | | | 0.25 | |
Any reduction in the amount of the selling commissions in respect of volume discounts received will be credited to the investor in the form of additional shares. Fractional shares will be issued.
As an example, a single purchaser would receive 100,505.05 shares rather than 100,000 shares for an investment of $1,000,000 and the selling commission would be $65,303.03. The discount would be calculated as follows: the purchaser would acquire 50,000 shares at a cost of $10.00 and 50,505.05 at a cost of $9.90 per share and would pay commissions of $0.70 per share for 50,000 shares and $0.60 per share for 50,505.05 shares.
Purchases by participating broker-dealers, including their registered representatives and their immediate family, will be less the selling commission.
Selling commissions for purchases of $5,000,000 or more will, in our sole discretion, be reduced to $0.20 per share or less, but in no event will the proceeds to us be less than $9.20 per share. In the event of a sale of $5,000,000 or more, we will supplement this prospectus to include: (a) the aggregate amount of the sale, (b) the price per share paid by the purchaser and (c) a statement that other investors wishing to purchase at least the amount described in (a) will pay no more per share than the initial purchaser.
Orders may be combined for the purpose of determining the total commissions payable with respect to applications made by a “single purchaser,” so long as all the combined purchases are made through the same soliciting dealer. The amount of total commissions thus computed will be apportioned pro rata among the individual orders on the basis of the respective amounts of the orders being combined. As used herein, the term “single purchaser” will include:
| • | any person or entity, or persons or entities, acquiring shares as joint purchasers; |
| • | all profit-sharing, pension and other retirement trusts maintained by a given corporation, partnership or other entity; |
| • | all funds and foundations maintained by a given corporation, partnership or other entity; |
| • | all profit-sharing, pension and other retirement trusts and all funds or foundations over which a designated bank or other trustee, person or entity exercises discretionary authority with respect to an investment in our company; and |
| • | any person or entity, or persons or entities, acquiring shares that are clients of and are advised by a single investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. |
In the event a single purchaser described in the last five categories above wishes to have its orders so combined, that purchaser will be required to request the treatment in writing, which request must set forth the basis for the discount and identify the orders to be combined. Any request will be subject to our verification that all of the orders were made by a single purchaser.
Orders also may be combined for the purpose of determining the commissions payable in the case of orders by any purchaser described in any category above who, within 90 days of its initial purchase of shares, orders additional shares. In this event, the commission payable with respect to the subsequent purchase of shares will equal the commission per share which would have been payable in accordance with the
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commission schedule set forth above if all purchases had been made simultaneously. Purchases subsequent to this 90 day period will not qualify to be combined for a volume discount as described herein.
Unless investors indicate that orders are to be combined and provide all other requested information, we cannot be held responsible for failing to combine orders properly.
Purchases by entities not required to pay U.S. federal income tax may only be combined with purchases by other entities not required to pay U.S. federal income tax for purposes of computing amounts invested if investment decisions are made by the same person. If the investment decisions are made by an independent investment advisor, that investment advisor may not have any direct or indirect beneficial interest in any of the entities not required to pay U.S. federal income tax whose purchases are sought to be combined. You must mark the “Additional Investment” space on the subscription agreement signature page in order for purchases to be combined. We are not responsible for failing to combine purchases if you fail to mark the “Additional Investment” space.
If the subscription agreements for the purchases to be combined are submitted at the same time, then the additional common stock to be credited to you as a result of such combined purchases will be credited on a pro rata basis. If the subscription agreements for the purchases to be combined are not submitted at the same time, then any additional common stock to be credited as a result of the combined purchases will be credited to the last component purchase, unless we are otherwise directed in writing at the time of the submission. However, the additional common stock to be credited to any entities not required to pay U.S. federal income tax whose purchases are combined for purposes of the volume discount will be credited only on a pro rata basis on the amount of the investment of each entity not required to pay U.S. federal income tax on their combined purchases.
California residents should be aware that volume discounts will not be available in connection with the sale of shares made to California residents to the extent such discounts do not comply with the provisions of Rule 260.140.51 adopted pursuant to the California Corporate Securities Law of 1968. Pursuant to this rule, volume discounts can be made available to California residents only in accordance with the following conditions:
| • | there can be no variance in the net proceeds to us from the sale of the shares to different purchasers of the same offering; |
| • | all purchasers of the shares must be informed of the availability of quantity discounts; |
| • | the same volume discounts must be allowed to all purchasers of shares which are part of the offering; |
| • | the minimum amount of shares as to which volume discounts are allowed cannot be less than $10,000; |
| • | the variance in the price of the shares must result solely from a different range of commissions, and all discounts must be based on a uniform scale of commissions; and |
| • | no discounts are allowed to any group of purchasers. |
Accordingly, volume discounts for California residents will be available in accordance with the foregoing table of uniform discount levels based on dollar volume of shares purchased, but no discounts are allowed to any group of purchasers, and no subscriptions may be aggregated as part of a combined order for purposes of determining the number of shares purchased.
Subscription Process
To purchase shares in this offering, you must complete and sign the subscription agreement in the form attached hereto as Appendix C-1. You should pay for your shares by delivering a check for the full purchase price of the shares, payable to the applicable entity specified in the subscription agreement. Alternatively, unless you are an investor in Alabama or Tennessee, you may complete and sign the multi-offerings subscription agreement in the form attached hereto as Appendix C-2, which may be used to purchase shares in this offering as well as shares of other products distributed by our dealer manager;provided, however, that an investor has received the relevant prospectus(es) and meets the requisite criteria and suitability standards for
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any such other product(s). You should pay for any shares of any other offering(s) as set forth in the multi-offerings subscription agreement. You should exercise care to ensure that the applicable subscription agreement is filled out correctly and completely.
By executing the subscription agreement, you will attest, among other things, that you:
| • | have received the final prospectus; |
| • | agree to be bound by the terms of our charter; |
| • | meet the minimum income and net worth requirements described in this prospectus; |
| • | are purchasing the shares for your own account; |
| • | acknowledge that there is no public market for our shares; and |
| • | are in compliance with the USA PATRIOT Act and are not on any governmental authority watch list. |
We include these representations in our subscription agreement in order to prevent persons who do not meet our suitability standards or other investment qualifications from subscribing to purchase our shares.
Subscriptions will be effective only upon our acceptance, and we reserve the right to reject any subscription in whole or in part. We may not accept a subscription for shares until at least five business days after the date you receive the final prospectus. Subject to compliance with Rule 15c2-4 of the Exchange Act, our dealer manager and/or the broker-dealers participating in the offering will promptly submit a subscriber’s check on the business day following receipt of the subscriber’s subscription documents and check. In certain circumstances where the suitability review procedures are more lengthy than customary, a subscriber’s check will be promptly deposited in compliance with Exchange Act Rule 15c2-4. The proceeds from your subscription will be deposited in a segregated escrow account and will be held in trust for your benefit, pending our acceptance of your subscription.
A sale of the shares may not be completed until at least five business days after the subscriber receives our final prospectus as filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) of the Securities Act. Within ten business days of our receipt of each completed subscription agreement, we will accept or reject the subscription. If we accept the subscription, we will mail a confirmation within three days. If for any reason we reject the subscription, we will promptly return the check and the subscription agreement, without interest (unless we reject your subscription because we fail to achieve the minimum offering) or deduction, within ten business days after rejecting it.
Investments by IRAs and Certain Qualified Plans
We may appoint one or more IRA custodians, which may include Sterling Trust Company, for investors of our common stock who desire to establish an IRA, SEP or certain other tax-deferred accounts or transfer or rollover existing accounts. We will provide the name(s) of any such additional IRA custodian(s) in a prospectus supplement. Our advisor may determine to pay the fees related to the establishment of investor accounts with such IRA custodians, and it also may pay the fees related to the maintenance of any such account for the first year following its establishment. Thereafter, we expect the IRA custodian(s) to provide this service to our stockholders with annual maintenance fees charged at a discounted rate. In the future, we may make similar arrangements for our investors with other custodians. Further information as to custodial services is available through your broker or may be requested from us.
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HOW TO SUBSCRIBE
Investors who meet the suitability standards described herein may purchase shares of common stock. See the page following the cover page for the suitability standards. Investors who want to purchase shares should proceed as follows:
| • | Read the entire final prospectus and the current supplement(s), if any, accompanying the final prospectus. |
| • | Complete the execution copy of the subscription agreement. A specimen copy of the subscription agreement, including instructions for completing it, is included as Appendix C-1. Alternatively, unless you are an investor in Alabama or Tennessee, you may wish to complete the execution copy of the multi-offerings subscription agreement, which may be used to purchase shares in this offering as well as shares of other products distributed by our dealer manager;provided, however, that you have received the relevant prospectus(es) and meet the requisite criteria and suitability standards for any such other product(s). A specimen copy of the multi-offerings subscription agreement, including instructions for completing it, is included as Appendix C-2. |
| • | Deliver a check to Realty Capital Securities, LLC, or its designated agent, for the full purchase price of the shares being subscribed for, payable to “American Realty Capital New York Recovery REIT, Inc.” along with the completed subscription agreement. Pennsylvania residents must make the check payable to “Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, Escrow Agent for American Realty Capital New York Recovery REIT, Inc.” until we have received an aggregate of $75 million in subscriptions from all investors pursuant to this offering. The name of the soliciting dealer appears on the subscription agreement. Certain dealers who have “net capital” as defined in the applicable federal securities regulations, of $250,000 or more may instruct their customers to make their checks payable directly to the dealer. In such case, the dealer will issue a check payable to us of the purchase prices of your subscription. The name of the dealer appears on the subscription agreement. |
| • | By executing the subscription agreement and paying the full purchase price for the shares subscribed for, each investor attests that he or she meets the minimum income and net worth standards as stated in the subscription agreement and agrees to be bound by the terms of our charter. |
A sale of the shares may not be completed until at least five business days after the subscriber receives our final prospectus as filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) of the Securities Act. Within ten business days of our receipt of each completed subscription agreement, we will accept or reject the subscription. If we accept the subscription, we will mail a confirmation within three days. If for any reason we reject the subscription, we will promptly return the check and the subscription agreement, without interest (unless we reject your subscription because we fail to achieve the minimum offering) or deduction, within ten business days after rejecting it.
An approved trustee must process through, and forward to, us subscriptions made through individual retirement accounts, Keogh plans and 401(k) plans. In the case of individual retirement accounts, Keogh plans and 401(k) plan stockholders, we will send the confirmation or, upon rejection, refund check to the trustee. If you want to purchase shares through an individual retirement account, Keogh plan or 401(k) plan, we intend to appoint one or more IRA custodians, which may include Sterling Trust Company, for such purpose, which IRS custodian(s) we expect will provide this service to our stockholders with annual maintenance fees charged at a discounted rate.
You have the option of placing a transfer on death, or TOD, designation on your shares purchased in this offering. A TOD designation transfers the ownership of the shares to your designated beneficiary upon your death. This designation may only be made by individuals, not entities, who are the sole or joint owners with right to survivorship of the shares. This option, however, is not available to residents of the States of Louisiana and North Carolina. If you would like to place a TOD designation on your shares, you must check the TOD box on the subscription agreement and you must complete and return the TOD form included as Appendix D to this prospectus in order to effect the designation.
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You may elect to have any registered investment advisory fees deducted from your account with us and paid directly to your registered investment advisor by completing and signing a letter of direction in the form attached as Appendix E to this prospectus. The letter of direction will authorize us to deduct a specified dollar amount or percentage of distributions paid by us as business management and advisory fees payable to your registered investment advisor on a periodic basis. The letter of direction will be irrevocable and we will continue to pay business management fees payable from your account until such time as you provide us with a notice of revocation in the form of Appendix F to this prospectus of your election to terminate deductions from your account for the purposes of such business management fees.
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SALES LITERATURE
In addition to and apart from this prospectus, we may use supplemental sales material in connection with the offering. This material may consist of a brochure describing our advisor and its affiliates and our investment objectives. The material also may contain pictures and summary descriptions of properties similar to those that we intend to acquire which our affiliates have previously acquired. This material also may include audiovisual materials and taped presentations highlighting and explaining various features of the offering, properties of prior real estate programs and real estate investments in general, and articles and publications concerning real estate. Further, business reply cards, introductory letters and seminar invitation forms may be sent to the dealer members of FINRA designated by us and prospective investors. No person has been authorized to prepare for, or furnish to, a prospective investor any sales literature other than that described herein and “tombstone” newspaper advertisements or solicitations of interest that are limited to identifying the offering and the location of sources of further information.
The use of any sales materials is conditioned upon filing with, and if required, clearance by appropriate regulatory agencies. Such clearance (if provided), however, does not indicate that the regulatory agency allowing the use of such materials has passed on the merits of the offering or the adequacy or accuracy of such materials.
This offering is made only by means of this prospectus. Except as described herein, we have not authorized the use of other supplemental literature or sales material in connection with this offering.
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REPORTS TO STOCKHOLDERS
Our advisor will keep, or cause to be kept, full and true books of account on an accrual basis of accounting, in accordance with GAAP. All of these books of account, together with a copy of our charter, will at all times be maintained at our principal office, and will be open to inspection, examination and duplication at reasonable times by the stockholders or their agents.
The advisor will submit to each stockholder our audited annual reports within 120 days following the close of each fiscal year. The annual reports will contain the following:
| • | audited financial statements prepared in accordance with SEC rules and regulations governing the preparation of financial statements; |
| • | the ratio of the costs of raising capital during the period to the capital raised; |
| • | the aggregate amount of advisory fees and the aggregate amount of fees paid to the advisor and any affiliate of the advisor, including fees or charges paid to our advisor and to any affiliate of our advisor by third parties doing business with us; |
| • | our total operating expenses, stated as a percentage of the average invested assets and as a percentage of net income for the most recently completed fiscal year; |
| • | a report from the independent directors that the policies, objectives and strategies we follow are in the best interests of our stockholders and the basis for such determination; and |
| • | separately stated, full disclosure of all material terms, factors and circumstances surrounding any and all transactions involving us, our directors, our advisor, our sponsor and any of their affiliates occurring in the year for which the annual report is made. Independent directors are specifically charged with the duty to examine and comment in the report on the fairness of such transactions. |
At the same time as any distribution, we will file a Form 8-K or other appropriate form or report with the SEC or otherwise provide stockholders with a statement disclosing the source of the funds distributed. If the information is not available when the distribution is made, we will provide a statement setting forth the reasons for why the information is not available. In no event will the information be provided to stockholders more than 60 days after we make the distribution. We will include in our stockholders’ account statements an estimated value of our shares that will comply with the requirements of NASD Rule 2340.
Within 60 days following the end of any calendar quarter during the period of the offering in which we have closed an acquisition of a property, we will submit a report to each stockholder containing:
| • | the location and a description of the general character of the property acquired during the quarter; |
| • | the present or proposed use of the property and its suitability and adequacy for that use; |
| • | the terms of any material leases affecting the property; |
| • | the proposed method of financing, if any, including estimated down payment, leverage ratio, prepaid interest, balloon payment(s), prepayment penalties, “due-on-sale” or encumbrance clauses and possible adverse effects thereof and similar details of the proposed financing plan; and |
| • | a statement that title insurance has been or will be obtained on the property acquired. |
In addition, while this offering is pending, if we believe that a reasonable probability exists that we will acquire a property or group of properties, this prospectus will be supplemented to disclose the probability of acquiring such property or group of properties. A supplement to this prospectus will describe any improvements proposed to be constructed thereon and other information that we consider appropriate for an understanding of the transaction. Further data will be made available after any pending acquisition is consummated, also by means of a supplement to this prospectus, if appropriate. Note that the disclosure of any proposed acquisition cannot be relied upon as an assurance that we will ultimately consummate such acquisition or that the information provided concerning the proposed acquisition will not change between the date of the supplement and any actual purchase.
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After the completion of the last acquisition, our advisor will, upon request, send a schedule of acquisition to the Commissioner of Corporations of the State of California. The schedule, verified under the penalty of perjury will reflects each acquisition made, the purchase price paid, the aggregate of all acquisition expenses paid on each transaction, and a computation showing compliance with our charter. We will, upon request, submit to the Commissioner of Corporations of the State of California or to any of the various state securities administrators, any report or statement required to be distributed to stockholders pursuant to our charter or any applicable law or regulation.
We anticipate that we will provide annual reports of our determination of value (1) to IRA trustees and custodians not later than January 15 of each year, and (2) to other Plan fiduciaries within 75 days after the end of each calendar year. Each determination may be based upon valuation information available as of October 31 of the preceding year, updated, however, for any material changes occurring between October 31 and December 31. For any period during which we are making a public offering of shares, the statement will report an estimated value of each share at the then public offering price per share. If no public offering is ongoing, and until we list the shares of our common stock on a national securities exchange, no later than 18 months after the closing of the offering, we will provide a statement that will report an estimated value of each share, based on (i) appraisal updates performed by us based on a review of the existing appraisal and lease of each property, focusing on a re-examination of the capitalization rate applied to the rental stream to be derived from that property, (ii) and a review of the outstanding loans and other investments, focusing on a determination of present value by a re-examination of the capitalization rate applied to the stream of payments due under the terms of each loan. We may elect to deliver such reports to all stockholders. Stockholders will not be forwarded copies of appraisals or updates. In providing such reports to stockholders, neither we nor our affiliates thereby make any warranty, guarantee or representation that (i) we or our stockholders, upon liquidation, will actually realize the estimated value per share or (ii) our stockholders will realize the estimated net asset value if they attempt to sell their shares.
The accountants we regularly retain will prepare our U.S. federal tax return and any applicable state income tax returns. We will submit appropriate tax information to the stockholders within 30 days following the end of each of our fiscal years. We will not provide a specific reconciliation between GAAP and our income tax information to the stockholders. However, the reconciling information will be available in our office for inspection and review by any interested stockholder. Annually, at the same time as the dissemination of appropriate tax information (including a Form 1099) to stockholders, we will provide each stockholder with an individualized report on his or her investment, including the purchase date(s), purchase price(s), and number of shares owned, as well as the dates and amounts of distributions received during the prior fiscal year. The individualized statement to stockholders will include any purchases of shares under the distribution reinvestment plan. Stockholders requiring individualized reports on a more frequent basis may request these reports. We will make every reasonable effort to supply more frequent reports, as requested, but we may, at our sole discretion, require payment of an administrative charge either directly by the stockholder, or through pre-authorized deductions from distributions payable to the stockholder making the request.
We may deliver to the stockholders each of the reports discussed in this section, as well as any other communications that we may provide them with, by e-mail or by any other means.
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LITIGATION
We are not subject to any material pending legal proceedings.
PRIVACY POLICY NOTICE
To help you understand how we protect your personal information, we have included our Privacy Policy Notice as Appendix G to this prospectus. This notice describes our current privacy policy and practices. Should you decide to establish or continue a stockholder relationship with us, we will advise you of our policy and practices at least once annually, as required by law.
LEGAL MATTERS
Venable LLP, Baltimore, Maryland, will pass upon the legality of the common stock and Proskauer Rose LLP, New York, New York, has passed upon the legal matters in connection with our status as a REIT. Proskauer Rose LLP has relied on the opinion of Venable LLP as to all matters of Maryland law. Neither Venable LLP nor Proskauer Rose LLP purports to represent our stockholders or potential investors, who should consult their own counsel. Proskauer Rose LLP also provides legal services to American Realty Capital Advisors, LLC, our advisor and its affiliates.
EXPERTS
The consolidated financial statements and schedule of American Realty Capital New York Recovery REIT, Inc. appearing in American Realty Capital New York Recovery REIT, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010, incorporated by reference in this prospectus and elsewhere in the registration statement have been incorporated by reference in reliance upon the report of Grant Thornton LLP, independent registered public accountants, upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing in giving said reports.
The statement of revenues and certain expenses of the Regal Parking Garage Property for the year ended December 31, 2010 incorporated by reference in this prospectus and elsewhere in the registration statement has been so incorporated by reference in reliance upon the report of Grant Thornton LLP, independent registered public accountants, upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing in giving said report.
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INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION BY REFERENCE
We have elected to “incorporate by reference” certain information into this prospectus. By incorporating by reference, we are disclosing important information to you by referring you to documents we have filed separately with the SEC. The information incorporated by reference is deemed to be part of this prospectus. Any statement in a document incorporated by reference into this prospectus will be deemed to be modified or superseded to the extent a statement contained in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement or any other subsequently filed prospectus modifies or supersedes such statement. Any such statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus, as supplemented, or the registration statement of which this prospectus, as supplemented, is a part.
You may read and copy any document we have electronically filed with the SEC at the SEC’s public reference room in Washington, D.C. at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information about the operation of the public reference room. In addition, any document we have electronically filed with the SEC is available at no cost to the public over the Internet at the SEC’s website atwww.sec.gov. You can also access documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus at the website maintained by or on behalf of our sponsor,http://www.americanrealtycap.com.
The following documents filed with the SEC are incorporated by reference in this prospectus, except for any document or portion thereof deemed to be “furnished” and not filed in accordance with SEC rules:
| • | Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010 filed with the SEC on March 28, 2011; |
| • | Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2011 filed with the SEC on May 12, 2011; |
| • | Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2011 filed with the SEC on August 12, 2011; |
| • | Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2011 filed with the SEC on November 14, 2011; |
| • | Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed with the SEC on February 11, 2011; |
| • | Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 21, 2011; |
| • | Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 24, 2011; |
| • | Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 9, 2011; |
| • | Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 5, 2011; |
| • | Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed with the SEC on July 20, 2011; |
| • | Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 5, 2011; |
| • | Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 22, 2011; |
| • | Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 12, 2011; |
| • | Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 9, 2011; |
| • | Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 21, 2011; |
| • | Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 23, 2011; and |
| • | Definitive Proxy Statement in respect of our 2011 meeting of stockholders filed with the SEC on April 20, 2011. |
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We will provide to each person, including any beneficial owner, to whom this prospectus is delivered a copy of any or all of the information that we have incorporated by reference into this prospectus but not delivered with this prospectus. To receive a free copy of any of the reports or documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus, other than exhibits, unless they are specifically incorporated by reference in those documents, write or call us at Three Copley Place, Suite 3300, Boston, MA 02116, 1-866-771-2088, Attn: Investor Services. The information relating to us contained in this prospectus does not purport to be comprehensive and should be read together with the information contained in the documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in this prospectus.
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ELECTRONIC DELIVERY OF DOCUMENTS
Subject to availability, you may authorize us to provide prospectuses, prospectus supplements, annual reports and other information (referred to herein as “documents”) electronically by so indicating on the subscription agreement, or by sending us instructions in writing in a form acceptable to us to receive such documents electronically. Unless you elect in writing to receive documents electronically, all documents will be provided in paper form by mail. You must have internet access to use electronic delivery. While we impose no additional charge for this service, there may be potential costs associated with electronic delivery, such as on-line charges. Documents will be available on our Internet web site. You may access and print all documents provided through this service. As documents become available, we will notify you of this by sending you an e-mail message that will include instructions on how to retrieve the document. If our e-mail notification is returned to us as “undeliverable,” we will contact you to obtain your updated e-mail address. If we are unable to obtain a valid e-mail address for you, we will resume sending a paper copy by regular U.S. mail to your address of record. You may revoke your consent for electronic delivery at any time and we will resume sending you a paper copy of all required documents. However, in order for us to be properly notified, your revocation must be given to us a reasonable time before electronic delivery has commenced. We will provide you with paper copies at any time upon request. Such request will not constitute revocation of your consent to receive required documents electronically.
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WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
We have filed a registration statement on Form S-11 with the SEC in connection with this offering. We are required to file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC.
You may request and obtain a copy of these filings, at no cost to you, by writing or telephoning us at the following address:
American Realty Capital New York Recovery REIT, Inc.
405 Park Avenue
New York, New York 10022
(212) 415-6500
Attn: Investor Services
One of our affiliates maintains an Internet site atwww.americancapitalrealty.com, at which there is additional information about us. The contents of the site are not incorporated by reference in, or otherwise a part of, this prospectus.
This prospectus is part of the registration statement and does not contain all of the information included in the registration statement and all of its exhibits, certificates and schedules. Whenever a reference is made in this prospectus to any contract or other document of ours, the reference may not be complete and you should refer to the exhibits that are a part of the registration statement for a copy of the contract or document.
You may read and copy our registration statement and all of its exhibits and schedules which we have filed with the SEC, any of which may be inspected and copied at the Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. This material, as well as copies of all other documents filed with the SEC, may be obtained from the Public Reference Section of the SEC, 100 F Street, N.E., Washington D.C. 20549 upon payment of the fee prescribed by the SEC. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 or e-mail at publicinfo@sec.gov. The SEC maintains a web site that contains reports, proxies, information statements and other information regarding registrants that file electronically with the SEC, including us. The address of this website ishttp://www.sec.gov.
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APPENDIX A
PRIOR PERFORMANCE TABLES
The tables below provide summarized information concerning other programs sponsored or co-sponsored by the American Realty Capital group of companies, including American Realty Capital Trust, Inc. and Phillips Edison — ARC Shopping Center REIT Inc., each American Realty Capital-sponsored or co-sponsored publicly registered REITs, the private note programs implemented by ARC Income Properties, LLC, ARC Income Properties II, LLC, ARC Income Properties III, LLC ARC Income Properties IV, LLC and ARC Growth Fund, LLC. The information contained herein is included solely to provide prospective investors with background to be used to evaluate the real estate experience of our sponsors and their affiliates. We do not believe that our affiliated programs currently in existence are in direct competition with our investment objectives. American Realty Capital Trust, Inc. and the private note programs implemented by ARC Income Properties, LLC, ARC Income Properties II, LLC, ARC Income Properties III, LLC and ARC Income Properties IV, LLC are net lease programs focused on providing current income through the payment of cash distributions, while ARC Growth Fund, LLC was formed to acquire vacant bank branch properties and opportunistically sell such properties and Phillips Edison — ARC Shopping Center REIT Inc. was formed to acquire necessity-based neighborhood and community shopping centers throughout the United States. The investment objectives of these affiliated programs differ from our investment objectives, which aim to acquire high-quality commercial real estate in the New York MSA, and, in particular, in New York City and maximize total returns through a combination of realized appreciation and current income. For additional information see the section entitled “Prior Performance Summary.”
THE INFORMATION IN THIS SECTION AND THE TABLES REFERENCED HEREIN SHOULD NOT BE CONSIDERED AS INDICATIVE OF HOW WE WILL PERFORM. THIS DISCUSSION REFERS TO THE PERFORMANCE OF PRIOR PROGRAMS AND PROPERTIES SPONSORED BY OUR SPONSOR OR ITS AFFILIATES OVER THE PERIODS LISTED THEREIN. IN ADDITION, THE TABLES INCLUDED WITH THIS PROSPECTUS (WHICH REFLECT RESULTS OVER THE PERIODS SPECIFIED IN EACH TABLE) DO NOT MEAN THAT WE WILL MAKE INVESTMENTS COMPARABLE TO THOSE REFLECTED IN SUCH TABLES. IF YOU PURCHASE SHARES IN AMERICAN REALTY CAPITAL HEALTHCARE TRUST, INC., YOU WILL NOT HAVE ANY OWNERSHIP INTEREST IN ANY OF THE REAL ESTATE PROGRAMS DESCRIBED IN THE TABLES (UNLESS YOU ARE ALSO AN INVESTOR IN THOSE REAL ESTATE PROGRAMS).
YOU SHOULD NOT CONSTRUE INCLUSION OF THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION AS IMPLYING IN ANY MANNER THAT WE WILL HAVE RESULTS COMPARABLE TO THOSE REFLECTED IN THE INFORMATION BELOW BECAUSE THE YIELD AND CASH AVAILABLE AND OTHER FACTORS COULD BE SUBSTANTIALLY DIFFERENT IN OUR PROPERTIES.
The following tables are included herein:
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TABLE I
EXPERIENCE IN RAISING AND INVESTING FUNDS
FOR PUBLIC PROGRAM PROPERTIES
Table I provides a summary of the experience of AR Capital, LLC and its affiliates as a sponsor in raising and investing funds for (i) American Realty Capital Trust, Inc. as of and for the period from its inception on August 17, 2007 through December 31, 2010, and (ii) Phillips Edison — ARC Shopping Center REIT, Inc. as of and for the period from its inception on October 13, 2009 through December 31, 2010. Information is provided as to the manner in which the proceeds of the offerings have been applied and the timing and length of this offering. Proceeds raised by each of American Realty Capital Trust, Inc. and Phillips Edison — ARC Shopping Center REIT, Inc. have been invested over time as investment opportunities have arisen and no specific time period has been set for the investment of 90% of the funds. American Realty Capital Trust, Inc. is an ongoing offering through the earlier of July 24, 2011 or the date the SEC declares the registration statement for American Realty Capital Trust, Inc.’s follow-on offering effective, and proceeds are currently being raised through the offering period.
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| | American Realty Capital Trust Inc. | | Phillips Edison – ARC Shopping Center REIT, Inc. |
(dollars in thousands) | | | | Percentage of total Dollar Amount Raised | | | | Percentage of total Dollar Amount Raised |
| | (dollars in thousands) | | | | (dollars in thousands) |
Dollar amount offered | | $ | 1,500,000 | | | | | | | $ | 1,500,000 | | | | | |
Dollar amount raised | | | 603,399 | | | | | | | | 6,400 | | | | | |
Dollar amount raised from non-public program and private investments | | | 37,460 | (1) | | | | | | | — | | | | | |
Dollar amount raised from sponsor and affiliates from sale of special partnership units, and 20,000 of common stock(2) | | | 200 | | | | | | | | 200 | | | | | |
Total dollar amount raised(3) | | $ | 641,059 | | | | 100.00 | % | | $ | 6,600 | | | | 100.00 | % |
Less offering expenses:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Selling commissions and discounts retained by affiliates | | $ | 53,466 | | | | 8.34 | % | | $ | — | | | | 0.00 | % |
Organizational expenses | | | 20,198 | | | | 3.15 | % | | | 183 | | | | 2.77 | % |
Other | | | — | | | | 0.00 | % | | | — | | | | 0.00 | % |
Reserves | | | — | | | | 0.00 | % | | | — | | | | 0.00 | % |
Available for investment | | $ | 567,395 | | | | 88.51 | % | | $ | 6,417 | | | | 97.23 | % |
Acquisition costs:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Prepaid items related to purchase of property | | $ | — | | | | 0.00 | % | | $ | — | | | | 0.00 | % |
Cash down payment | | | 501,974 | (4) | | | 78.30 | % | | | 5,782 | | | | 87.61 | % |
Acquisition fees | | | 16,897 | | | | 2.64 | % | | | 467 | | | | 7.08 | % |
Other | | | — | | | | 0.00 | % | | | — | | | | 0.00 | % |
Total acquisition costs | | $ | 518,871 | | | | 80.94 | % | | $ | 6,249 | | | | 94.68 | % |
Percentage leverage (mortgage financing divided by total acquisition costs) | | | 72.7 | %(5) | | | | | | | 71.0 | % | | | | |
Date offering began | | | 3/18/2008 | | | | | | | | 8/12/2010 | | | | | |
Number of offerings in the year | | | 1 | | | | | | | | 1 | | | | | |
Length of offerings (in months) | | | 39 | | | | | | | | 36 | | | | | |
Months to invest 90% of amount available for investment (from beginning of the offering)(6) | | | NA | | | | | | | | NA | | | | | |
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| (1) | American Realty Capital Trust, Inc. sold non-controlling interests in certain properties in nine separate |
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| | arrangements. The total amount contributed in these arrangements was $24.5 million. In addition, $13.0 million was raised in a private offering of debt securities through ARC Income Properties II, LLC. |
| | The structure of these arrangements and program is such that they are required to be consolidated with the results of American Realty Capital Trust, Inc. and therefore are included with this program. ARC Income Properties II, LLC. is also included as a stand-alone program and is included separately in information about private programs. |
| (2) | Represents initial capitalization of the company by the sponsor and was prior to the effectiveness of the common stock offering. |
| (3) | Offerings are not yet completed, funds are still being raised. |
| (4) | Includes $12.0 million investment made in joint venture with ARC New York Recovery REIT, Inc. for the purchase of real estate. |
| (5) | Total acquisition costs of the properties exclude $377.2 million purchased with mortgage financing. Including mortgage financing, the total acquisition purchase price was $872.3 million. The leverage ratio was 42.7% at December 31, 2010. |
| (6) | As of December 31, 2010 these offerings are still in the investment period and have not invested 90% of the amount offered. Assets are acquired as equity becomes available. |
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TABLE I
EXPERIENCE IN RAISING AND INVESTING FUNDS
FOR NON-PUBLIC PROGRAM PROPERTIES
Table I provides a summary of the experience of the American Realty Capital II, LLC and its affiliates as a sponsor in raising and investing funds in ARC Income Properties LLC from its inception on June 5, 2008 to December 31, 2010, ARC Income Properties II, LLC from its inception on August 12, 2008 to December 31, 2010, ARC Income Properties III, LLC from its inception on September 29, 2009 to December 31, 2010, ARC Income Properties IV, LLC from its inception on June 23, 2010 to December 31, 2010, and ARC Growth Fund, LLC from its inception on July 24, 2008 to December 31, 2010. Information is provided as to the manner in which the proceeds of the offerings have been applied, the timing and length of this offering and the time period over which the proceeds have been invested.
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| | ARC Income Properties, LLC | | ARC Income Properties II, LLC | | ARC Income Properties, III, LLC | | ARC Income Properties, IV, LLC | | ARC Growth Fund, LLC |
(dollars in thousands) | | | | Percentage of Total Dollar Amount Raised | | | | Percentage of Total Dollar Amount Raised | | | | Percentage of Total Dollar Amount Raised | | | | Percentage of Total Dollar Amount Raised | | | | Percentage of Total Dollar Amount Raised |
Dollar amount offered | | $ | 19,537 | | | | | | | $ | 13,000 | | | | | | | $ | 11,243 | | | | | | | $ | 5,350 | | | | | | | $ | 7,850 | | | | | |
Dollar amount raised | | | 19,537 | | | | | | | | 13,000 | | | | | | | | 11,243 | | | | | | | | 5,215 | | | | | | | | 5,275 | | | | | |
Dollar amount contributed from sponsor and affiliates(1) | | | 1,975 | | | | | | | | — | | | | | | | | — | | | | | | | | — | | | | | | | | 2,575 | | | | | |
Total dollar amount raised | | $ | 21,512 | | | | 100.00 | % | | $ | 13,000 | | | | 100.00 | % | | $ | 11,243 | | | | 100.00 | % | | $ | 5,215 | | | | 100.00 | % | | $ | 7,850 | | | | 100.00 | % |
Less offering expenses:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Selling commissions and discounts retained by affiliates | | $ | 1,196 | | | | 5.56 | % | | $ | 323 | | | | 2.48 | % | | $ | 666 | | | | 5.92 | % | | $ | 397 | | | | 7.61 | % | | $ | — | | | | 0.00 | % |
Organizational expenses | | | — | | | | 0.00 | % | | | — | | | | 0.00 | % | | | — | | | | 0.00 | % | | | — | | | | 0.00 | % | | | — | | | | 0.00 | % |
Other | | | — | | | | 0.00 | % | | | — | | | | 0.00 | % | | | — | | | | 0.00 | % | | | — | | | | 0.00 | % | | | — | | | | 0.00 | % |
Reserves | | | — | | | | 0.00 | % | | | — | | | | 0.00 | % | | | — | | | | 0.00 | % | | | — | | | | 0.00 | % | | | — | | | | 0.00 | % |
Available for investment | | $ | 20,316 | | | | 94.44 | % | | $ | 12,677 | | | | 97.52 | % | | $ | 10,577 | | | | 94.08 | % | | $ | 4,818 | | | | 92.39 | % | | $ | 7,850 | | | | 100.00 | % |
Acquisition costs:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Prepaid items and fees related to purchased property | | $ | — | | | | 0.00 | % | | $ | — | | | | 0.00 | % | | $ | — | | | | 0.00 | % | | $ | — | | | | 0.00 | % | | $ | — | | | | 0.00 | % |
Cash down payment | | | 11,302 | | | | 52.54 | % | | | 9,086 | | | | 69.89 | % | | | 9,895 | | | | 88.01 | % | | | 4,780 | | | | 91.66 | % | | | 5,440 | | | | 69.30 | % |
Acquisition fees | | | 7,693 | | | | 35.76 | % | | | 2,328 | | | | 17.91 | % | | | 682 | | | | 6.07 | % | | | — | | | | 0.00 | % | | | 2,410 | | | | 30.70 | % |
Other | | | — | | | | 0.00 | % | | | — | | | | 0.00 | % | | | — | | | | 0.00 | % | | | — | | | | 0.00 | % | | | — | | | | 0.00 | % |
Total acquisition costs | | $ | 18,995 | (2) | | | 88.30 | % | | $ | 11,414 | (3) | | | 87.80 | % | | $ | 10,577 | (4) | | | 94.08 | % | | $ | 4,780 | (5) | | | 91.66 | % | | $ | 7,850 | (6) | | | 100.00 | % |
Percentage leverage (mortgage financing divided by total acquisition costs) | | | 434.97 | % | | | | | | | 292.61 | % | | | | | | | 141.19 | % | | | | | | | 344.35 | % | | | | | | | 253.20 | % | | | | |
Date offering began | | | 6/05/2008 | | | | | | | | 8/12/2008 | | | | | | | | 9/29/2009 | | | | | | | | 6/23/2011 | | | | | | | | 7/24/2008 | | | | | |
Number of offerings in the year | | | 1 | | | | | | | | 1 | | | | | | | | 1 | | | | | | | | 1 | | | | | | | | 1 | | | | | |
Length of offerings (in months) | | | 7 | | | | | | | | 4 | | | | | | | | 3 | | | | | | | | 4 | | | | | | | | 1 | | | | | |
Months to invest 90% of amount available for investment (from the beginning of the offering) | | | 7 | | | | | | | | 4 | | | | | | | | 3 | | | | | | | | 4 | | | | | | | | 1 | | | | | |
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| (1) | Includes separate investment contributed by sponsor and affiliates for purchase of portfolio properties and related expenses. |
| (2) | Total acquisition costs of properties exclude $82.6 million purchased with mortgage financing. Including borrowings, the total acquisition purchase price was $101.6 million. The leverage ratio was 83.6% at December 31, 2010. |
| (3) | Total acquisition costs of properties exclude $33.4 million purchased with mortgage financing. Including borrowings, the total acquisition purchase price was $101.6 million. The leverage ratio was 60.1% at December 31, 2010. |
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| (4) | Total acquisition costs of properties exclude $14.9 million purchased with mortgage financing and $3.5 million related to a final purchase price adjustment which was initially held in escrow until conditions for its release were satisfied in 2010. Including borrowings, the total acquisition purchase price was $25.9 million. The leverage ratio was 59.2% at December 31, 2010. |
| (5) | Total acquisition costs of properties exclude a $16.5 million purchased with assumed mortgage financing. Including borrowings, the total acquisition purchase price was $21.2 million. The leverage ratio was 77.5% at December 31, 2010. |
| (6) | Total acquisition costs of properties exclude a $20.0 million purchased with assumed mortgage financing. Including borrowings and $36.3 million purchased with proceeds from the sale of properties, the total acquisition purchase price was $63.6 million. The program was concluded at December 31, 2010. |
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TABLE II
COMPENSATION TO SPONSOR FROM PUBLIC PROGRAM PROPERTIES
Table II summarizes the amount and type of compensation paid to AR Capital, LLC and its affiliates by (i) American Realty Capital Trust, Inc. as of and for the period from its inception on August 17, 2007 through December 31, 2010, and (ii) Phillips Edison — ARC Shopping Center REIT Inc. as of and for the period from its inception on October 13, 2009 through December 31, 2010.
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(dollars in thousands) | | American Realty Capital Trust, Inc. | | Phillips Edison – ARC Shopping Center REIT Inc. |
Date offering commenced | | | 3/18/2008 | | | | 8/12/2010 | |
Dollar amount raised | | $ | 641,059 | (1) | | $ | 6,600 | |
Amount paid to sponsor from proceeds of offering
| | | | | | | | |
Underwriting fees | | $ | 53,466 | | | $ | — | |
Acquisition fees:
| | | | | | | | |
Real estate commissions | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Advisory fees – acquisition fees | | $ | 8,672 | | | $ | — | |
Other – organizational and offering costs | | $ | 9,995 | | | $ | — | |
Other – financing coordination fees | | $ | 4,690 | | | $ | — | |
Other – acquisition expense reimbursements | | $ | 3,692 | | | $ | — | |
Dollar amount of cash generated from operations before deducting payments to sponsor | | $ | 11,351 | | | $ | 201 | |
Actual amount paid to sponsor from operations:
| | | | | | | | |
Property management fees | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Partnership management fees | | | — | | | | — | |
Reimbursements | | | — | | | | 87 | |
Leasing commissions | | | — | | | | — | |
Other (asset management fees) | | $ | 1,499 | | | $ | — | |
Total amount paid to sponsor from operations | | $ | 1,499 | | | $ | 87 | |
Dollar amount of property sales and refinancing before deducting payment to sponsor
| | | | | | | | |
Cash | | $ | 860 | | | $ | — | |
Notes | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Amount paid to sponsor from property sale and refinancing:
| | | | | | | | |
Real estate commissions | | $ | 26 | | | $ | — | |
Incentive fees | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Other – Financing coordination fees | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
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| (1) | Includes $603.4 million raised from public program, $37.4 million raised from minority interest investments and private program and $0.2 million raised from sponsor and affiliates. |
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TABLE II
COMPENSATION TO SPONSOR FROM NON-PUBLIC PROGRAM PROPERTIES
Table II summarizes the amount and type of compensation paid to AR Capital, LLC and its affiliates for ARC Income Properties LLC from its inception on June 5, 2008 to December 31, 2010, ARC Income Properties II, LLC from its inception on August 12, 2008 to December 31, 2010, ARC Income Properties III, LLC from its inception on September 29, 2009 to December 31, 2010, ARC Income Properties IV, LLC from its inception on June 23, 2010 to December 31, 2010 and ARC Growth Fund, LLC from its inception on July 24, 2008 to December 31, 2010.
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(dollars in thousands) | | ARC Income Properties, LLC | | ARC Income Properties II, LLC | | ARC Income Properties III, LLC | | ARC Income Properties IV, LLC | | ARC Growth Fund, LLC |
Date offering commenced | | | 6/05/2008 | | | | 8/12/2008 | | | | 9/29/2009 | | | | 6/23/2011 | | | | 7/24/2008 | |
Dollar amount raised | | $ | 21,512 | (1) | | $ | 13,000 | (2) | | $ | 11,243 | (2) | | $ | 5,215 | (2) | | $ | 7,850 | (3) |
Amount paid to sponsor from proceeds of offering
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Underwriting fees | | $ | 785 | | | $ | 323 | | | $ | 666 | | | $ | 397 | | | $ | — | |
Acquisition fees
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Real estate commissions | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Advisory fees – acquisition fees | | $ | 2,959 | | | $ | 423 | | | $ | 662 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 1,316 | |
Other – organizational and offering costs | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Other – financing coordination fees | | $ | 939 | | | $ | 333 | | | $ | 149 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 45 | |
Dollar amount of cash generated from operations before deducting payments to sponsor | | $ | (3,091 | ) | | $ | 2,291 | | | $ | (724 | ) | | $ | (691 | ) | | $ | (5,325 | ) |
Actual amount paid to sponsor from operations:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Property management fees | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Partnership management fees | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Reimbursements | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Leasing commissions | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Other (explain) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Total amount paid to sponsor from operations | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Dollar amount of property sales and refinancing before deducting payment to sponsor
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 13,560 | |
Notes | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 18,281 | |
Amount paid to sponsor from property sale and refinancing:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Real estate commissions | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Incentive fees | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Other (disposition fees) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,169 | |
Other (refinancing fees) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 39 | |
![](https://capedge.com/proxy/424B3/0001144204-12-002612/line.gif)
| (1) | Includes $19.5 million raised from investors and $2.0 million raised from sponsor and affiliates. |
| (2) | Amounts raised from investors. |
| (3) | Includes $5.2 million raised from investors and $2.6 million raised from the sponsor and affiliates. |
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE III
OPERATING RESULTS OF PUBLIC PROGRAM PROPERTIES
Table III summarizes the consolidated operating results of American Realty Capital Trust, Inc. and Phillips Edison — ARC Shopping Center REIT Inc. as of the dates indicated.
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| | American Realty Capital Trust, Inc. | | Phillips Edison — ARC Shopping Center REIT Inc. |
(dollars in thousands) | | Year Ended December 31, 2010 | | Year Ended December 31, 2009 | | Year Ended December 31, 2008 | | Year Ended December 31, 2010 | | Period From October 13, 2009 (Date of Inception) to December 31, 2009 |
Gross revenues | | $ | 45,233 | | | $ | 15,511 | | | $ | 5,549 | | | $ | 99 | | | $ | — | |
Profit (loss) on sales of properties | | | 143 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Less:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating expenses | | | 15,265 | | | | 1,158 | | | | 2,002 | | | | 727 | | | | — | |
Interest expense | | | 18,109 | | | | 10,352 | | | | 4,774 | | | | 38 | | | | — | |
Depreciation | | | 17,280 | | | | 6,581 | | | | 2,534 | | | | 65 | | | | — | |
Amortization | | | 4,374 | | | | 1,735 | | | | 522 | | | | 16 | | | | — | |
Net income (loss) before noncontrolling interests – GAAP Basis | | | (9,652 | ) | | | (4,315 | ) | | | (4,283 | ) | | | (747 | ) | | | — | |
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests – GAAP Basis | | | (181 | ) | | | 49 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Net income (loss) GAAP basis | | $ | (9,833 | ) | | $ | (4,266 | ) | | $ | (4,283 | ) | | $ | (747 | ) | | $ | — | |
Taxable income (loss)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
From operations | | $ | (9,976 | ) | | $ | (4,266 | ) | | $ | (4,283 | ) | | $ | (380 | ) | | $ | — | |
From gain (loss) on sale | | | 143 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Cash generated from (used by) operations | | | 9,864 | (1) | | $ | (2,526 | )(1) | | $ | 4,013 | (1) | | | 201 | | | | — | |
Cash generated from sales | | | 900 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Cash generated from refinancing | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Cash generated from operations, sales and refinancing | | $ | 10,764 | | | $ | (2,526 | ) | | $ | 4,013 | | | $ | 201 | | | $ | — | |
Less: Cash distribution to investors
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
From operating cash flow | | | 9,864 | | | $ | 1,818 | | | $ | 296 | | | | — | | | | — | |
From sales and refinancing | | | 900 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
From other | | | 647 (2) | | | | 70 | (2) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Cash generated after cash distributions | | $ | (647 | ) | | $ | (4,414 | ) | | $ | 3,717 | | | $ | 201 | | | $ | — | |
Less: Special items | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | — | | | | — | |
Cash generated after cash distributions and special items | | $ | (647 | ) | | $ | (4,414 | ) | | $ | 3,717 | | | $ | 201 | | | $ | — | |
Tax and distribution data per $1,000 invested
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Federal income tax results:(3)(4)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Ordinary income (loss)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
from operations | | $ | — | | | $ | (22.75 | ) | | $ | (0.33 | ) | | $ | (0.06 | ) | | $ | — | |
from recapture | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Capital gain (loss) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Cash distributions to investors
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Source (on GAAP Basis)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Investment income | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Return of capital | | $ | — | | | $ | (13.06 | ) | | $ | 1.22 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Source (on GAAP basis)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Sales | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Refinancing | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Operations | | $ | — | | | $ | 12.57 | | | $ | 1.22 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Other | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
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| (1) | Includes cash paid for interest. |
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
| (2) | Distributions paid from proceeds from the sale of common stock. From inception to December 31, 2010, total cash provided by operations on a cumulative basis exceeded our distributions to investors. |
| (3) | Based on amounts raised as of the end of each period. |
| (4) | Federal tax results for the year ended December 31, 2010 is not available as of the date of this filing. |
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE III
OPERATING RESULTS OF NON-PUBLIC PROGRAM PROPERTIES
Table III summarizes the consolidated operating results of ARC Income Properties, LLC, ARC Income Properties II, LLC, ARC Income Properties III, LLC, ARC Income Properties IV, LLC and ARC Growth Fund, LLC as of the dates indicated.
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| | ARC Income Properties, LLC | | ARC Income Properties II, LLC | | ARC Income Properties III, LLC | | ARC Income Properties IV, LLC | | ARC Growth Fund, LLC |
(dollars in thousands) | | Year Ended December 31, 2010 | | Year Ended December 31, 2009 | | Period from June 5, 2008 (Date of Inception) to December 31, 2008 | | Year Ended December 31, 2010 | | Year Ended December 31, 2009 | | Period from August 12, 2008 to December 31, 2008 | | Year Ended December 31, 2010 | | Period from September 29, 2009 to December 31, 2009 | | Period from June 23, 2010 (Date of Inception) to December 31, 2010 | | Year Ended December 31, 2010 | | Year Ended December 31, 2009 | | Period from July 24, 2008 to December 31, 2008 |
Gross revenues | | $ | 7,008 | | | $ | 5,347 | | | $ | 1,341 | | | $ | 3,507 | | | $ | 3,423 | | | $ | 337 | | | $ | 2,237 | | | $ | 341 | | | $ | 94 | | | $ | 95 | | | $ | 185 | | | $ | 8 | |
Profit (loss) on sales of properties | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 143 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | (251 | ) | | | (4,682 | ) | | | 9,746 | |
Less:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating expenses | | | 320 | | | | 2,847 | | | | 5 | | | | 113 | | | | 7 | | | | — | | | | 36 | | | | 918 | | | | 489 | | | | 234 | | | | 528 | | | | 2,004 | |
Interest expense | | | 6,525 | | | | 4,993 | | | | 688 | | | | 2,151 | | | | 2,161 | | | | 162 | | | | 1,359 | | | | 186 | | | | 100 | | | | — | | | | 1,494 | | | | 597 | |
Interest expense – investors notes | | | 1,935 | | | | 1,583 | | | | 381 | | | | 1,167 | | | | 1,024 | | | | 11 | | | | 986 | | | | 201 | | | | 90 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Depreciation | | | 3,519 | | | | 2,676 | | | | 909 | | | | 1,748 | | | | 1,758 | | | | 200 | | | | 642 | | | | 127 | | | | 54 | | | | 195 | | | | 592 | | | | 344 | |
Amortization | | | 976 | | | | 886 | | | | — | | | | 663 | | | | 670 | | | | — | | | | 249 | | | | 42 | | | | 18 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Net income – GAAP Basis | | $ | (6,267 | ) | | $ | (7,638 | ) | | $ | (642 | ) | | $ | (2,192 | ) | | $ | (2,197 | ) | | $ | (36 | ) | | $ | (1,035 | ) | | $ | (1,133 | ) | | $ | (657 | ) | | $ | (585 | ) | | $ | (7,111 | ) | | $ | 6,809 | |
Taxable income (loss)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
From operations | | $ | (6,267 | ) | | $ | (7,638 | ) | | $ | (642 | ) | | $ | (2,335 | ) | | $ | (2,197 | ) | | $ | (36 | ) | | $ | (1,035 | ) | | $ | (1,133 | ) | | $ | (443 | ) | | $ | (334 | ) | | $ | (2,429 | ) | | $ | (2,937 | ) |
From gain (loss) on sale | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 143 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | (251 | ) | | $ | (4,682 | ) | | $ | 9,746 | |
Cash generated from (used by) operations(1) | | $ | (1,896 | ) | | $ | (2,349 | ) | | $ | 1,154 | | | $ | 560 | | | $ | (2,282 | ) | | $ | 4,013 | | | $ | (33 | ) | | $ | (691 | ) | | $ | (691 | ) | | $ | (330 | ) | | $ | (1,769 | ) | | $ | (3,226 | ) |
Cash generated from sales | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 246 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (447 | ) | | | 11,158 | |
Cash generated from refinancing | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Cash generated from operations, sales and refinancing | | | (1,896 | ) | | | (2,349 | ) | | | 1,154 | | | | 806 | | | | (2,282 | ) | | | 4,013 | | | | (33 | ) | | | (691 | ) | | | (691 | ) | | | (330 | ) | | | (2,216 | ) | | | 7,932 | |
Less: Cash interest payments made to investors
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
From operating cash flow | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
From sales and refinancing | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
From other | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Cash generated after cash distributions | | $ | (1,896 | ) | | $ | (2,349 | ) | | $ | 1,154 | | | $ | 806 | | | $ | (2,282 | ) | | $ | 4,013 | | | $ | (33 | ) | | $ | (691 | ) | | $ | (691 | ) | | $ | (330 | ) | | $ | (2,216 | ) | | $ | 7,932 | |
Less: Special items
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash generated after cash distributions and special items | | $ | (1,896 | ) | | $ | (2,349 | ) | | $ | 1,154 | | | $ | 806 | | | $ | (2,282 | ) | | $ | 4,013 | | | $ | (33 | ) | | $ | (691 | ) | | $ | (691 | ) | | $ | (330 | ) | | $ | (2,216 | ) | | $ | 7,932 | |
![](https://capedge.com/proxy/424B3/0001144204-12-002612/line.gif)
| (1) | Includes cash paid for interest including interest payments to investors |
Non-public programs are combined with other entities for U.S. federal income tax reporting purposes, therefore, U.S. Federal income tax results for these programs are not presented.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE IV
RESULTS OF COMPLETED PUBLIC PROGRAMS OF THE SPONSOR AND ITS AFFILIATES
NOT APPLICABLE.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE IV
RESULTS OF COMPLETED NON-PUBLIC PROGRAMS OF THE SPONSOR AND ITS AFFILIATES
Table IV summarizes the results of ARC Growth Fund, LLC, a completed program of our sponsor as of December 31, 2010.
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(dollars in thousands) Program name | | ARC Growth Fund, LLC |
Dollar amount raised | | $ | 7,850 | |
Number of properties purchased | | | 52 | |
Date of closing of offering | | | July 2008 | |
Date of first sale of property | | | July 2008 | |
Date of final sale of property | | | December 2010 | |
Tax and distribution data per $1,000 investment through 12/31/2010 | | | (1)
| | | | | |
Federal income tax results | | $ | — | |
Ordinary income (loss) | | $ | — | |
– From operations | | $ | — | |
– From recapture | | $ | — | |
Capital gain (loss) | | $ | — | |
Deferred gain | | $ | — | |
Capital | | $ | — | |
Ordinary | | $ | — | |
Cash distributions to investors
| | | | |
Source (on GAAP basis)
| | | | |
– Investment income | | $ | — | |
– Return of capital | | $ | 7,226 | |
Source (on cash basis)
| | | | |
– Sales | | $ | 7,226 | |
– Refinancing | | $ | — | |
– Operations | | $ | — | |
– Other | | $ | — | |
Receivable on net purchase money financing | | $ | — | |
![](https://capedge.com/proxy/424B3/0001144204-12-002612/line.gif)
| (1) | Programs is combined with other entities for U.S. federal income tax reporting purposes, therefore, U.S. Federal income tax results for this program is not presented. |
A-12
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE V
SALES OR DISPOSALS OF PUBLIC PROGRAM PROPERTIES
Table V summarizes the sales or disposals of properties by (i) American Realty Capital Trust, Inc. as of December 31, 2010, and (ii) Phillips Edison — ARC Shopping Center REIT Inc. as of December 31, 2010.
(dollars in thousands)
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| | Date Acquired | | Date of Sale | | Selling Price, Net of Closing costs and GAAP Adjustments | | Cost of Properties Including Closing and Soft Costs | | Excess (deficiency) of Property Operating Cash Receipts Over Cash Expenditures(5) |
Property | | Cash received net of closing costs | | Mortgage balance at time of sale | | Purchase money mortgage taken back by program(1) | | Adjustments resulting from application of GAAP(2) | | Total(3) | | Original Mortgage Financing | | Total acquisition cost, capital improvement, closing and soft costs(4) | | Total |
American Realty Capital Trust, Inc.:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
PNC Bank Branch – New Jersey | | | November-08 | | | | September-10 | | | $ | 388 | | | $ | 512 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 900 | | | $ | 512 | | | $ | 187 | | | $ | 699 | | | $ | 7,183 | |
Phillips Edison —��ARC Shopping Center REIT Inc.: Not applicable
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
![](https://capedge.com/proxy/424B3/0001144204-12-002612/line.gif)
| (1) | No purchase money mortgages were taken back by program. |
| (2) | Financial information for programs was prepared in accordance with GAAP, therefore GAAP adjustments are not applicable. |
| (3) | All taxable gains were categorized as capital gains. None of these sales were reported on the installment basis. |
| (4) | Amounts shown do not include a pro rata share of the offering costs. There were no carried interests received in Lieu of commissions on connection with the acquisition of property. |
| (5) | Amounts exclude the amounts included under “Selling Price Net of Closing Costs and GAAP Adjustments” or “Costs of Properties Including Closing Costs and Soft Costs” and exclude costs incurred in administration of the program not related to the operations of the property. |
A-13
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE V
SALES OR DISPOSALS OF NON-PUBLIC PROGRAM PROPERTIES
Table V provides summary information on the results of sales or disposals of properties by non-public prior programs having similar investment objectives to ours. All figures below are through December 31, 2010.
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| | Date Acquired | | Date of Sale | | Selling Price Net of Closing Costs and GAAP Adjustments | | Costs of properties Including Closing Costs and Soft Costs | | Excess (Deficit) of Property Operating Cash Receipts
Over Cash Expenditures(6) |
(dollars in thousands) Property | | Cash Received (cash deficit) Net of Closing Costs | | Mortgage Balance at Time of Sale | | Purchase Money Mortgage Taken Back by Program(2) | | Adjustments Resulting From Application of GAAP(3) | | Total(4) | | Original Mortgage Financing | | Total Acquisition Costs, Capital Improvement Costs, Closing and Soft Costs(5) | | Total |
ARC Income Properties II, LLC.:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
PNC Bank Branch – New Jersey | | | November-08 | | | | September-10 | | | $ | 388 | | | $ | 512 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 900 | | | $ | 512 | | | $ | 187 | | | $ | 699 | | | $ | 7,183 | |
Growth Fund, LLC:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Bayonet Point, FL | | | July-08 | | | | July-08 | | | $ | 628 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 628 | | | $ | | | | $ | 642 | | | $ | 642 | | | $ | — | |
Boca Raton, FL | | | July-08 | | | | July-08 | | | | 2,434 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 2,434 | | | | — | | | | 2,000 | | | | 2,000 | | | | — | |
Bonita Springs, FL | | | July-08 | | | | May-09 | | | | (459 | ) | | | 1,207 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 748 | | | | 1,207 | | | | 543 | | | | 1,750 | | | | (29 | ) |
Clearwater, FL | | | July-08 | | | | September-08 | | | | 253 | | | | 539 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 792 | | | | 539 | | | | 371 | | | | 910 | | | | (3 | ) |
Clearwater, FL | | | July-08 | | | | October-08 | | | | (223 | ) | | | 582 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 359 | | | | 582 | | | | 400 | | | | 982 | | | | (3 | ) |
Destin, FL | | | July-08 | | | | July-08 | | | | 1,358 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,358 | | | | — | | | | 1,183 | | | | 1,183 | | | | — | |
Englewood, FL | | | July-08 | | | | November-08 | | | | 138 | | | | 929 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,067 | | | | 929 | | | | 632 | | | | 1,561 | | | | (13 | ) |
Fort Myers, FL | | | July-08 | | | | July-08 | | | | 2,434 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 2,434 | | | | — | | | | 1,566 | | | | 1,566 | | | | — | |
Naples, FL | | | July-08 | | | | July-08 | | | | 2,727 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 2,727 | | | | — | | | | 1,566 | | | | 1,566 | | | | — | |
Palm Coast, FL | | | July-08 | | | | September-08 | | | | 891 | | | | 1,770 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 2,661 | | | | 1,770 | | | | -530 | | | | 1,240 | | | | (8 | ) |
Pompano Beach, FL | | | July-08 | | | | October-08 | | | | 1,206 | | | | 2,162 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 3,368 | | | | 2,162 | | | | -411 | | | | 1,751 | | | | (8 | ) |
Port St. Lucie, FL | | | July-08 | | | | August-09 | | | | (60 | ) | | | 654 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 594 | | | | 654 | | | | 648 | | | | 1,302 | | | | (40 | ) |
Punta Gorda, FL | | | July-08 | | | | July-08 | | | | 2,337 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 2,337 | | | | — | | | | 2,143 | | | | 2,143 | | | | — | |
Vero Beach, FL | | | July-08 | | | | February-09 | | | | 87 | | | | 830 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 917 | | | | 830 | | | | 565 | | | | 1,395 | | | | (13 | ) |
Cherry Hill, NJ | | | July-08 | | | | July-08 | | | | 1,946 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,946 | | | | — | | | | 2,225 | | | | 2,225 | | | | — | |
Cranford, NJ | | | July-08 | | | | July-08 | | | | 1,453 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,453 | | | | — | | | | 725 | | | | 725 | | | | — | |
Warren, NJ | | | July-08 | | | | July-08 | | | | 1,375 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,375 | | | | — | | | | 1,556 | | | | 1,556 | | | | — | |
Westfield, NJ | | | July-08 | | | | July-08 | | | | 2,539 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 2,539 | | | | — | | | | 2,230 | | | | 2,230 | | | | — | |
Lehigh Acres, FL | | | July-08 | | | | August-09 | | | | (207 | ) | | | 758 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 551 | | | | 758 | | | | 752 | | | | 1,510 | | | | (28 | ) |
Alpharetta, GA | | | July-08 | | | | December-08 | | | | 98 | | | | 914 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,012 | | | | 914 | | | | 617 | | | | 1,531 | | | | (9 | ) |
Atlanta, GA | | | July-08 | | | | September-08 | | | | 825 | | | | 1,282 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 2,107 | | | | 1,282 | | | | 862 | | | | 2,144 | | | | (27 | ) |
Columbus, GA | | | July-08 | | | | December-08 | | | | (43 | ) | | | 111 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 68 | | | | 111 | | | | 85 | | | | 196 | | | | (3 | ) |
Duluth, GA | | | July-08 | | | | July-08 | | | | 1,851 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,851 | | | | — | | | | 1,457 | | | | 1,457 | | | | — | |
Oakwood, GA | | | July-08 | | | | September-08 | | | | 49 | | | | 898 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 947 | | | | 898 | | | | 607 | | | | 1,505 | | | | (1 | ) |
Riverdale, GA | | | July-08 | | | | August-09 | | | | (104 | ) | | | 471 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 367 | | | | 471 | | | | 286 | | | | 757 | | | | (12 | ) |
Laurinburg, NC | | | July-08 | | | | July-08 | | | | 188 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 188 | | | | — | | | | 197 | | | | 197 | | | | — | |
Haworth, NJ | | | July-08 | | | | July-08 | | | | 1,781 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,781 | | | | — | | | | 1,834 | | | | 1,834 | | | | — | |
Fredericksburg, VA | | | August-08 | | | | August-08 | | | | 2,432 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 2,432 | | | | — | | | | 2,568 | | | | 2,568 | | | | — | |
Dallas, PA | | | August-08 | | | | August-08 | | | | 1,539 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,539 | | | | — | | | | 366 | | | | 366 | | | | — | |
![](https://capedge.com/proxy/424B3/0001144204-12-002612/line.gif)
| (1) | Sale of Property was to related party. |
| (2) | No purchase money mortgages were taken back by program. |
| (3) | Financial information for programs was prepared in accordance with GAAP, therefore GAAP adjustments are not applicable. |
| (4) | All taxable gains were categorized as capital gains. None of these sales were reported on the installment basis. |
| (5) | Amounts shown do not include a prorata share of the offering costs. There were no carried interests received in Lieu of commissions on connection with the acquisition of property. |
| (6) | Amounts exclude the amounts included under “Selling Price Net of Closing Costs and GAAP Adjustments” or “Costs of Properties Including Closing Costs and Soft Costs” and exclude costs incurred in administration of the program not related to the operations of the property. |
A-14
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPENDIX A-1: PRIOR PERFORMANCE OF AMERICAN FINANCIAL REALTY TRUST
AMERICAN FINANCIAL REALTY TRUST
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
Years Ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004
(In thousands, except per share data)
(unaudited)
![](https://capedge.com/proxy/424B3/0001144204-12-002612/spacer.gif) | | ![](https://capedge.com/proxy/424B3/0001144204-12-002612/spacer.gif) | | ![](https://capedge.com/proxy/424B3/0001144204-12-002612/spacer.gif) | | ![](https://capedge.com/proxy/424B3/0001144204-12-002612/spacer.gif) |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| | 2006 | | 2005 | | 2004 |
Revenues:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Rental income | | $ | 253,485 | | | $ | 219,689 | | | $ | 148,695 | |
Operating expense reimbursements | | | 166,712 | | | | 155,181 | | | | 81,101 | |
Interest and other income | | | 6,425 | | | | 5,202 | | | | 3,143 | |
Total revenues | | | 426,622 | | | | 380,072 | | | | 232,939 | |
Expenses:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Property operating expenses:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Ground rents and leasehold obligations | | | 14,336 | | | | 13,427 | | | | 8,726 | |
Real estate taxes | | | 42,868 | | | | 35,232 | | | | 21,659 | |
Property and leasehold impairments | | | 5,500 | | | | 144 | | | | 446 | |
Other property operating expenses | | | 166,310 | | | | 142,148 | | | | 73,730 | |
Total property operating expenses | | | 229,014 | | | | 190,951 | | | | 104,561 | |
Marketing, general and administrative | | | 24,934 | | | | 24,144 | | | | 23,888 | |
Broken deal costs | | | 176 | | | | 1,220 | | | | 227 | |
Repositioning | | | 9,065 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Amortization of deferred equity compensation | | | 8,687 | | | | 10,411 | | | | 9,078 | |
Outperformance plan – contingent restricted share component | | | — | | | | — | | | | (5,238 | ) |
Severance and related accelerated amortization of deferred compensation | | | 21,917 | | | | 4,503 | | | | 1,857 | |
Interest expense on mortgages and other debt | | | 142,432 | | | | 120,514 | | | | 72,121 | |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 126,307 | | | | 115,439 | | | | 74,427 | |
Total expenses | | | 562,532 | | | | 467,182 | | | | 280,921 | |
Loss before net gain on sale of land, equity in loss from joint venture, net loss on investments, minority interest and discontinued operations | | | (135,910 | ) | | | (87,110 | ) | | | (47,982 | ) |
Gain on sale of land | | | 2,043 | | | | 1,596 | | | | 80 | |
Equity in loss from joint venture | | | (1,397 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
Net loss on investments | | | — | | | | (530 | ) | | | (409 | ) |
Loss from continuing operations before minority interest | | | (135,264 | ) | | | (86,044 | ) | | | (48,311 | ) |
Minority interest | | | 2,686 | | | | 1,984 | | | | 1,835 | |
Loss from continuing operations | | | (132,578 | ) | | | (84,060 | ) | | | (46,476 | ) |
Discontinued operations:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loss from operations before yield maintenance fees, net of minority interest of $1,850, $3,062 and $114 for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively | | | (79,174 | ) | | | (29,182 | ) | | | (1,252 | ) |
Yield maintenance fees, net of minority interest of $15,564, $16 and $103 for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively | | | (46,402 | ) | | | (567 | ) | | | (3,060 | ) |
Net gains on disposals, net of minority interest of $74,046, $562 and $934 for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively | | | 237,556 | | | | 20,194 | | | | 28,543 | |
Income (loss) from discontinued operations | | | 111,980 | | | | (9,555 | ) | | | 24,231 | |
Net loss | | $ | (20,598 | ) | | $ | (93,615 | ) | | $ | (22,245 | ) |
Basic and diluted income (loss) per share:
| | | | | | | | |
From continuing operations | | $ | (1.04 | ) | | $ | (0.71 | ) | | $ | (0.45 | ) |
From discontinued operations | | $ | 0.87 | | | $ | (0.07 | ) | | $ | 0.23 | |
Total basic and diluted loss per share | | $ | (0.17 | ) | | $ | (0.78 | ) | | $ | (0.22 | ) |
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
A-15
TABLE OF CONTENTS
AMERICAN FINANCIAL REALTY TRUST
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Years Ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004
(In thousands)
(unaudited)
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| | Year Ended December 31, |
| | 2006 | | 2005 | | 2004 |
Cash flows from operating activities:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net loss | | $ | (20,598 | ) | | $ | (93,615 | ) | | $ | (22,245 | ) |
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Depreciation | | | 137,420 | | | | 138,990 | | | | 93,241 | |
Minority interest | | | 53,946 | | | | (4,500 | ) | | | (1,118 | ) |
Amortization of leasehold interests and intangible assets | | | 36,351 | | | | 38,887 | | | | 18,145 | |
Amortization of above- and below-market leases | | | 1,160 | | | | (120 | ) | | | 1,539 | |
Amortization of deferred financing costs | | | 13,708 | | | | 12,656 | | | | 5,006 | |
Amortization of deferred compensation | | | 13,031 | | | | 13,440 | | | | 10,273 | |
Amortization of discount on pledged treasury securities | | | (359 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
Non-cash component of Outperformance Plan | | | — | | | | — | | | | (5,238 | ) |
Non-cash compensation charge | | | 273 | | | | 262 | | | | 244 | |
Impairment charges | | | 65,116 | | | | 3,581 | | | | 4,060 | |
Net equity in loss from joint venture | | | 1,397 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Net gain on sales of properties and lease terminations | | | (315,077 | ) | | | (23,006 | ) | | | (30,076 | ) |
Net loss on sales of investments | | | — | | | | 530 | | | | 409 | |
Increase in restricted cash | | | (3,792 | ) | | | (17,646 | ) | | | (21,246 | ) |
Leasing costs | | | (18,154 | ) | | | (8,404 | ) | | | (17,349 | ) |
Payments received from tenants for lease terminations | | | 1,947 | | | | 440 | | | | 2,061 | |
Decrease (increase) in operating assets:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Tenant and other receivables, net | | | (23,405 | ) | | | (19,601 | ) | | | (22,055 | ) |
Prepaid expenses and other assets | | | (2,777 | ) | | | (81 | ) | | | (16,466 | ) |
Increase (decrease) in operating liabilities:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Accounts payable | | | 4,447 | | | | (709 | ) | | | 3,138 | |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities | | | (3,034 | ) | | | (10,469 | ) | | | 44,972 | |
Deferred revenue and tenant security deposits | | | 31,711 | | | | 50,002 | | | | 71,325 | |
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities | | | (26,689 | ) | | | 80,637 | | | | 118,620 | |
Cash flows from investing activities:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Payments for acquisitions of real estate investments, net of cash acquired | | | (192,669 | ) | | | (806,951 | ) | | | (2,006,703 | ) |
Capital expenditures | | | (50,043 | ) | | | (41,559 | ) | | | (15,786 | ) |
Proceeds from sales of real estate and non-real estate assets | | | 1,421,613 | | | | 125,583 | | | | 245,990 | |
(Increase) decrease in restricted cash | | | 590 | | | | 1,601 | | | | (10,461 | ) |
Investment in joint venture | | | (23,300 | ) | | | — | | | | — | |
Sales of investments | | | 1,116 | | | | 21,240 | | | | 52,880 | |
Purchases of investments | | | (33,082 | ) | | | (659 | ) | | | (10,032 | ) |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | | | 1,124,225 | | | | (700,745 | ) | | | (1,744,112 | ) |
Cash flows from financing activities:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Repayments of mortgages, bridge notes payable and credit facilities | | | (1,207,580 | ) | | | (594,063 | ) | | | (274,398 | ) |
Proceeds from mortgages, bridge notes payable and credit facilities | | | 327,878 | | | | 1,108,652 | | | | 1,531,425 | |
Proceeds from issuance of convertible senior notes, net | | | — | | | | — | | | | 434,030 | |
Payments for deferred financing costs, net | | | (2,118 | ) | | | (838 | ) | | | (25,758 | ) |
Proceeds from common share issuances, net | | | 1,185 | | | | 244,442 | | | | 7,552 | |
Redemption of Operating Partnership units | | | — | | | | (4,405 | ) | | | (31,112 | ) |
Contributions by limited partners | | | — | | | | 353 | | | | — | |
Dividends and distributions | | | (221,140 | ) | | | (134,395 | ) | | | (116,799 | ) |
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | | | (1,101,775 | ) | | | 619,746 | | | | 1,524,940 | |
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
A-16
TABLE OF CONTENTS
AMERICAN FINANCIAL REALTY TRUST
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS — (continued)
Years Ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004
(In thousands)
(unaudited)
![](https://capedge.com/proxy/424B3/0001144204-12-002612/spacer.gif) | | ![](https://capedge.com/proxy/424B3/0001144204-12-002612/spacer.gif) | | ![](https://capedge.com/proxy/424B3/0001144204-12-002612/spacer.gif) | | ![](https://capedge.com/proxy/424B3/0001144204-12-002612/spacer.gif) |
| | Year Ended December 31, |
| | 2006 | | 2005 | | 2004 |
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents | | | (4,239 | ) | | | (362 | ) | | | (100,552 | ) |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year | | | 110,245 | | | | 110,607 | | | | 211,159 | |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year | | $ | 106,006 | | | $ | 110,245 | | | $ | 110,607 | |
Supplemental cash flow and non-cash information:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Cash paid for interest | | $ | 248,170 | | | $ | 166,533 | | | $ | 76,582 | |
Cash paid for income taxes | | $ | 687 | | | $ | 24 | | | $ | 1,693 | |
Debt assumed in real estate acquisitions | | $ | — | | | $ | 78,645 | | | $ | 48,072 | |
Operating Partnership units issued to acquire real estate | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 35,867 | |
Non-cash acquisition costs | | $ | — | | | $ | 2,367 | | | $ | — | |
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
A-17
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPENDIX A-2: RESULTS OF NICHOLAS S. SCHORSCH’S COMPLETED PROGRAMS
(unaudited)
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Year | | Number of Properties Acquired | | Aggregate Purchase Price of Properties Acquired | | Number of Properties Sold | | Aggregate Gross Proceeds from Sale of Properties | | Aggregate Net Gain on Sales | | Number of Properties Sold to AFR | | Aggregate Gross Proceeds from Sale of Properties to AFR | | Aggregate Net Gain on Sales to AFR |
1998 | | | 105 | | | $ | 22,373,000 | | | | 15 | | | $ | 8,054,000 | | | $ | 4,227,000 | | | | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
1999 | | | 33 | | | | 18,825,000 | | | | 16 | | | | 8,418,000 | | | | 4,468,000 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
2000 | | | 8 | | | | 142,931,000 | | | | 33 | | | | 21,871,000 | | | | 8,934,000 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
2001 | | | 71 | | | | 24,126,000 | | | | 45 | | | | 22,921,000 | | | | 4,107,000 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
2002 | | | 59 | | | | 64,030,000 | | | | 63 | | | | 32,130,000 | | | | 11,377,000 | | | | 93 | | | | 230,500,000 | | | | N/A | (1) |
2003 | | | — | | | | — | | | | 11 | | | | 54,347,000 | | | | 2,567,000 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Total | | | 276 | | | $ | 272,285,000 | | | | 183 | | | $ | 147,741,000 | | | $ | 35,680,000 | | | | 93 | | | $ | 230,500,000 | | | $ | — | |
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| (1) | The consideration received was principally limited partnership units in AFR’s operating partnership and some cash. The net aggregate gain on the sale to AFR cannot be determined since the registrant has no information as to what each investor did with his or her limited partnership units after the initial transfer to AFR in 2002. |
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APPENDIX B
DISTRIBUTION REINVESTMENT PLAN
American Realty Capital New York Recovery REIT, Inc.
EFFECTIVE AS OF SEPTEMBER 2, 2010
American Realty Capital New York Recovery REIT, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”), has adopted this Distribution Reinvestment Plan (the “Plan”), to be administered by the Company, Realty Capital Securities, LLC (the “Dealer Manager”) or an unaffiliated third party (the “Administrator”) as agent for participants in the Plan (“Participants”), on the terms and conditions set forth below.
1. Election to Participate. Any purchaser of shares of common stock of the Company, par value $0.01 per share (the “Shares”), may become a Participant by making a written election to participate on such purchaser’s subscription agreement at the time of subscription for Shares. Any stockholder who has not previously elected to participate in the Plan, and subject to Section 8(b) herein, any participant in any previous or subsequent publicly offered limited partnership, real estate investment trust or other real estate program sponsored by the Company or its affiliates (an “Affiliated Program”), may so elect at any time by completing and executing an authorization form obtained from the Administrator or any other appropriate documentation as may be acceptable to the Administrator. Participants in the Plan generally are required to have the full amount of their cash distributions (other than “Excluded Distributions” as defined below) with respect to all Shares or shares of stock or units of limited partnership interest of an Affiliated Program (collectively “Securities”) owned by them reinvested pursuant to the Plan. However, the Administrator shall have the sole discretion, upon the request of a Participant, to accommodate a Participant’s request for less than all of the Participant’s Securities to be subject to participation in the Plan.
2. Distribution Reinvestment. The Administrator will receive all cash distributions (other than Excluded Distributions) paid by the Company or an Affiliated Participant with respect to Securities of Participants (collectively, the “Distributions”). Participation will commence with the next Distribution payable after receipt of the Participant’s election pursuant to Paragraph 1 hereof, provided it is received at least ten (10) days prior to the last day of the period to which such Distribution relates. Subject to the preceding sentence, regardless of the date of such election, a holder of Securities will become a Participant in the Plan effective on the first day of the period following such election, and the election will apply to all Distributions attributable to such period and to all periods thereafter. As used in this Plan, the term “Excluded Distributions” shall mean those cash or other distributions designated as Excluded Distributions by the Board of the Company or the board or general partner of an Affiliated Program, as applicable.
3. General Terms of Plan Investments.
(a) The Company intends to offer Shares pursuant to the Plan at the higher of 95% of the estimated value of one share as estimated by the Company’s board of directors or $9.50 per share, regardless of the price per Security paid by the Participant for the Securities in respect of which the Distributions are paid. A stockholder may not participate in the Plan through distribution channels that would be eligible to purchase shares in the public offering of shares pursuant to the Company’s prospectus outside of the Plan at prices below $9.50 per share.
(b) Selling commissions will not be paid for the Shares purchased pursuant to the Plan.
(c) Dealer Manager fees will not be paid for the Shares purchased pursuant to the Plan.
(d) For each Participant, the Administrator will maintain an account which shall reflect for each period in which Distributions are paid (a “Distribution Period”) the Distributions received by the Administrator on behalf of such Participant. A Participant’s account shall be reduced as purchases of Shares are made on behalf of such Participant.
(e) Distributions shall be invested in Shares by the Administrator promptly following the payment date with respect to such Distributions to the extent Shares are available for purchase under the Plan. If sufficient Shares are not available, any such funds that have not been invested in Shares within 30 days after receipt by
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the Administrator and, in any event, by the end of the fiscal quarter in which they are received, will be distributed to Participants. Any interest earned on such accounts will be paid to the Company and will become property of the Company.
(f) Participants may acquire fractional Shares, computed to four decimal places, so that 100% of the Distributions will be used to acquire Shares. The ownership of the Shares shall be reflected on the books of Company or its transfer agent.
(g) A Participant will not be able to acquire Shares under the Plan to the extent such purchase would cause it to exceed the Ownership Limit or other Share ownership restrictions imposed by the Company’s Charter. For purposes of this Plan, “Ownership Limit” shall mean the prohibition on beneficial ownership of not more than 9.8% in value of outstanding stock of the Company and not more than 9.8% (in number of shares or value, whichever is more restrictive) of any class or series of the outstanding shares of the stock of the Company.
4. Absence of Liability. The Company, the Dealer Manager and the Administrator shall not have any responsibility or liability as to the value of the Shares or any change in the value of the Shares acquired for the Participant’s account. The Company, the Dealer Manager and the Administrator shall not be liable for any act done in good faith, or for any good faith omission to act hereunder.
5. Suitability. Each Participant shall notify the Administrator if, at any time during his participation in the Plan, there is any material change in the Participant’s financial condition or inaccuracy of any representation under the subscription agreement for the Participant’s initial purchase of Shares. A material change shall include any anticipated or actual decrease in net worth or annual gross income or any other change in circumstances that would cause the Participant to fail to meet the suitability standards set forth in the Company’s prospectus for the Participant’s initial purchase of Shares.
6. Reports to Participants. Within ninety (90) days after the end of each calendar year, the Administrator will mail to each Participant a statement of account describing, as to such Participant, the Distributions received, the number of Shares purchased and the per Share purchase price for such Shares pursuant to the Plan during the prior year. Each statement also shall advise the Participant that, in accordance with Paragraph 5 hereof, the Participant is required to notify the Administrator if there is any material change in the Participant’s financial condition or if any representation made by the Participant under the subscription agreement for the Participant’s initial purchase of Shares becomes inaccurate. Tax information regarding a Participant’s participation in the Plan will be sent to each Participant by the company or the Administrator at least annually.
7. Taxes. Taxable Participants may incur a tax liability for Distributions even though they have elected not to receive their Distributions in cash but rather to have their Distributions reinvested in Shares under the Plan.
8. Reinvestment in Subsequent Programs.
(a) After the termination of the Company’s initial public offering of Shares pursuant to the Company’s prospectus dated September 2, 2010 (the “Initial Offering”), the Company may determine, in its sole discretion, to cause the Administrator to provide to each Participant notice of the opportunity to have some or all of such Participant’s Distributions (at the discretion of the Administrator and, if applicable, the Participant) invested through the Plan in any publicly offered limited partnership, real estate investment trust or other real estate program sponsored by the Company or an Affiliated Program (a “Subsequent Program”). If the Company makes such an election, Participants may invest Distributions in equity securities issued by such Subsequent Program through the Plan only if the following conditions are satisfied:
(i) prior to the time of such reinvestment, the Participant has received the final prospectus and any supplements thereto offering interests in the Subsequent Program and such prospectus allows investment pursuant to a distribution reinvestment plan;
(ii) a registration statement covering the interests in the Subsequent Program has been declared effective under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”);
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(iii) the offering and sale of such interests are qualified for sale under the applicable state securities laws;
(iv) the Participant executes the subscription agreement included with the prospectus for the Subsequent Program;
(v) the Participant qualifies under applicable investor suitability standards as contained in the prospectus for the Subsequent Program; and
(vi) the Subsequent Program has accepted an aggregate amount of subscriptions in excess of its minimum offering amount.
(b) The Company may determine, in its sole discretion, to cause the Administrator to allow one or more participants of an Affiliated Program to become a “Participant.” If the Company makes such an election, such Participants may invest distributions received from the Affiliated Program in Shares through this Plan, if the following conditions are satisfied:
(i) prior to the time of such reinvestment, the Participant has received the final prospectus and any supplements thereto offering interests in the Subsequent Program and such prospectus allows investment pursuant to a distribution reinvestment plan;
(ii) a registration statement covering the interests in the Subsequent Program has been declared effective under the Securities Act;
(iii) the offering and sale of such interests are qualified for sale under the applicable state securities laws;
(iv) the Participant executes the subscription agreement included with the prospectus for the Subsequent Program; and
(v) the Participant qualifies under applicable investor suitability standards as contained in the prospectus for the Subsequent Program.
9. Termination.
(a) A Participant may terminate or modify his participation in the Plan at any time by written notice to the Administrator. To be effective for any Distribution, such notice must be received by the Administrator at least ten (10) days prior to the last day of the Distribution Period to which it relates.
(b) Prior to the listing of the Shares on a national securities exchange, a Participant’s transfer of Shares will terminate participation in the Plan with respect to such transferred Shares as of the first day of the Distribution Period in which such transfer is effective, unless the transferee of such Shares in connection with such transfer demonstrates to the Administrator that such transferee meets the requirements for participation hereunder and affirmatively elects participation by delivering an executed authorization form or other instrument required by the Administrator.
10. State Regulatory Restrictions. The Administrator is authorized to deny participation in the Plan to residents of any state or foreign jurisdiction that imposes restrictions on participation in the Plan that conflict with the general terms and provisions of this Plan, including, without limitation, any general prohibition on the payment of broker-dealer commissions for purchases under the Plan.
11. Amendment to or Termination of the Plan.
(a) Except for Section 9(a) of this Plan which shall not be amended prior to a listing of the Shares on a national securities exchange, the terms and conditions of this Plan may be amended by the Company at any time, including but not limited to an amendment to the Plan to substitute a new Administrator to act as agent for the Participants, by mailing an appropriate notice at least ten (10) days prior to the effective date thereof to each Participant.
(b) The Administrator may terminate a Participant’s individual participation in the Plan and the Company may terminate the Plan itself, at any time by providing ten (10) days’ prior written notice to a Participant, or to all Participants, as the case may be.
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(c) After termination of the Plan or termination of a Participant’s participation in the Plan, the Administrator will send to each Participant a check for the amount of any Distributions in the Participant’s account that have not been invested in Shares. Any future Distributions with respect to such former Participant’s Shares made after the effective date of the termination of the Participant’s participation will be sent directly to the former Participant.
12. Participation by Limited Partners of New York Recovery Operating Partnership, L.P. For purposes of this Plan, “stockholders” shall be deemed to include limited partners of New York Recovery Operating Partnership, L.P. (the “Partnership”), “Participants” shall be deemed to include limited partners of the Partnership that elect to participate in the Plan, and “Distribution,” when used with respect to a limited partner of the Partnership, shall mean cash distributions on limited partnership interests held by such limited partner.
13. Governing Law. This Plan and the Participants’ election to participate in the Plan shall be governed by the laws of the State of Maryland.
14. Notice. Any notice or other communication required or permitted to be given by any provision of this Plan shall be in writing and, if to the Administrator, addressed to DST Systems, Inc., 430 W 7th St., Kansas City, MO 64105-1407, or such other address as may be specified by the Administrator by written notice to all Participants. Notices to a Participant may be given by letter addressed to the Participant at the Participant’s last address of record with the Administrator. Each Participant shall notify the Administrator promptly in writing of any changes of address.
15. Certificates. The ownership of the Shares will be in book-entry form prior to the issuance of certificates. The Company will not issue share certificates except to stockholders who make a written request to the Administrator.
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APPENDIX D
TRANSFER ON DEATH DESIGNATION
American Realty Capital New York Recovery REIT, Inc.
TRANSFER ON DEATH FORM (TOD)
This form is NOT VALID for Trust or IRA accounts.
Both pages of this form must accompany the subscription agreement.
As our transfer agent, DST Systems, Inc., is located in Missouri, a Transfer on Death (“TOD”) designation pursuant to this form and all rights related thereto shall be governed by the laws of the State of Missouri.
PLEASE REVIEW THE FOLLOWING IN ITS ENTIRETY BEFORE COMPLETING THE TRANSFER ON DEATH FORM:
| 1. | Eligible accounts: Individual accounts and joint accounts with rights of survivorship are eligible. A TOD designation will not be accepted from residents of Louisiana or North Carolina. |
| 2. | Designation of beneficiaries: the account owner may designate one or more beneficiaries of the TOD account. Beneficiaries are not “account owners” as the term is used herein. |
| 3. | Primary and contingent beneficiaries: The account owner may designate primary and contingent beneficiaries of the TOD account. Primary beneficiaries are the first in line to receive the account upon the death of the account owner. Contingent beneficiaries,if any are designated, receive the account upon the death of the account owner if, and only if, there are no surviving primary beneficiaries. |
| 4. | Minors as beneficiaries: Minors may be beneficiaries of a TOD account only if a custodian, trustee, or guardian is set forth for the minor on the transfer on death form. By not providing a custodian, trustee, or guardian, the account owner is representing that all of the named beneficiaries are not minors. |
| 5. | Status of beneficiaries: Beneficiaries have no rights to the account until the death of the account owner or last surviving joint owner. |
| 6. | Joint owners: If more than one person is the owner of an account registered or to be registered TOD, the joint owners of the account must own the account as joint tenants with rights of survivorship. |
| 7. | Transfer to designated beneficiaries upon the owner’s death: |
| a. | Percentage designation: Unless the account owner designates otherwise by providing a percentage for each beneficiary on the Transfer on Death Form, all surviving beneficiaries will receive equal portions of the account upon the death of the account owner. |
| b. | Form of ownership: Multiple beneficiaries will be treated as tenants in common unless the account owner expressly indicates otherwise. |
| c. | Predeceasing beneficiaries: If the account owner wishes to have the account pass to the children of the designated beneficiaries if the designated beneficiaries predecease the account owner, the account owner must check the box labeled Lineal Descendants per Stirpes (“LDPS”) in Section B of this form. If the box is not checked, the children of beneficiaries who die before you will not receive a portion of your account. If the account is registered LDPS and has contingent beneficiaries, LDPS takes precedence. If a TOD account with multiple beneficiaries is registered LDPS, the LDPS registration must apply to all beneficiaries. If the account is not registered LDPS, a beneficiary must survive the account owner to take the account or his or her part of the account. In the case of multiple beneficiaries, if one of the beneficiaries does not survive the account owner, the deceased beneficiary’s share of the account will be divided equally among the remaining beneficiaries upon the death of the account owner. If no beneficiary survives the account owner, the account will be treated as part of the estate of the account owner. |
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| d. | Notice of dispute: Should the transfer agent receive written notice of a dispute over the disposition of a TOD account, re-registration of the account to the beneficiaries may be delayed. |
| 8. | Revocation or changes: An account owner or all joint owners may revoke or change a beneficiary designation. The Change of Transfer on Death (TOD) Form is available for this purpose on our websitewww.americanrealtycap.com/materials/ or from your registered representative. |
| 9. | Controlling terms: The language as set forth in the TOD account registration shall control at all times. Unless the transfer agent is expressly instructed by the account owner to change the status of the account or the beneficiary designation prior to the account owner’s death, the person or persons set forth as the beneficiaries of the account shall remain the beneficiaries of the account, and events subsequent to the registration of the account as a TOD account shall not change either the rights of the persons designated as beneficiaries or the status of the account as a TOD account. |
| a. | Divorce: If the account owner designated his or her spouse as a TOD beneficiary of the account, and subsequently the account owner and the beneficiary are divorced, the fact of the divorce will not automatically revoke the beneficiary designation. If the account owner wishes to revoke the beneficiary designation, the account owner must notify American Realty Capital New York Recovery REIT, Inc. of the desired change in writing as specified in paragraph 8 above. |
| b. | Will or other testamentary document: The beneficiary designation may not be revoked by the account owner by the provisions of a will or a codicil to a will. |
| c. | Dividends, interest, capital gains, and other distributions after the account owner’s death: |
| i. | Accruals to the account which occur after the death of the account owner or last surviving joint owner, and are still in the account when it is re-registered to the beneficiaries, stay with the account and pass to the beneficiaries. |
| ii. | Where the account has been coded for cash distributions, and such distributions have actually been paid out prior to notice to the transfer agent of the death of the account owner, such distributions are deemed to be the property of the estate of the original account owner and do not pass with the account to the designated beneficiaries. |
| 10. | TOD registrations may not be made irrevocable. |
A — STOCKHOLDER INFORMATION
Name of stockholder(s) exactly as indicated on subscription agreement:
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Stockholder Name | | Mr. o | | Mrs. o | | Ms. o | |
First | |
Middle | |
Last |
Co-Stockholder Name (if applicable) | | Mr. o | | Mrs. o | | Ms. o | |
First | |
Middle | |
Last |
Social Security Number(s) of Stockholder(s) | |
Stockholder | |
Co-Stockholder |
Daytime Telephone | | State of Residence | | (Not accepted from residents of Louisiana or North Carolina) |
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B — TRANSFER ON DEATH (Not permitted in Louisiana or North Carolina)
I (we) authorize American Realty Capital New York Recovery REIT, Inc. to register the percentage of shares of common stock set forth below in beneficiary form, assigning investorship on my (our) death to the TOD beneficiary(ies) named below. Use an additional sheet of paper if space is needed to designate more TOD beneficiaries. Complete information must be provided for all TOD beneficiaries.
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PRIMARY Beneficiary Name | | | | | | |
| | | | | | TOD Share Percentage % |
Social Security or Tax ID # | | Birth Date / / | | Relationship | | |
PRIMARY Beneficiary Name | | | | | | |
| | | | | | TOD Share Percentage % |
Social Security or Tax ID # | | Birth Date / / | | Relationship | | |
PRIMARY Beneficiary Name | | | | | | |
| | | | | | TOD Share Percentage % |
Social Security or Tax ID # | | Birth Date / / | | Relationship | | |
Contingent Beneficiary Name (Optional) | | | | | | |
| | | | | | TOD Share Percentage % |
Social Security or Tax ID # | | Birth Date / / | | Relationship | | |
Contingent Beneficiary Name (Optional) | | | | | | |
| | | | | | TOD Share Percentage % |
Social Security or Tax ID # | | Birth Date / / | | Relationship | | |
| o | Lineal Descendents per Stirpes (“LDPS”): Check if you wish to have the account pass to children of the above-designated beneficiary(ies) if the designated beneficiary(ies) predeceases the stockholder. The LDPS designation will apply to all designated beneficiaries. |
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C — SIGNATURE
By signing below, I (we) authorize American Realty Capital New York Recovery REIT, Inc. to register the shares in beneficiary form as designated above. I (we) agree on behalf of myself (ourselves) and my (our) heirs, assigns, executors, administrators and beneficiaries to indemnify and hold harmless American Realty Capital New York Recovery REIT, Inc. and any and all of its affiliates, agents, successors and assigns, and their respective directors, officers and employees, from and against any and all claims, liabilities, damages, actions and expenses arising directly or indirectly relating to this TOD designation or the transfer of my (our) shares in accordance with this TOD designation. If any claims are made or disputes are raised in connection with this TOD designation or account, American Realty Capital New York Recovery REIT, Inc. reserves the right to require the claimants or parties in interest to arrive at a final resolution by adjudication, arbitration, or other acceptable method, prior to transferring any TOD account assets. I (we) have reviewed all the information set forth on pages 1 and 2 of this form.
I (we) further understand that American Realty Capital New York Recovery REIT, Inc. cannot provide any legal advice and I (we) agree to consult with my (our) attorney, if necessary, to make certain that any TOD designation is consistent with my (our) estate and tax planning and is valid. Sign exactly as the name(s) appear(s) on the statement of account. All investors must sign.This TOD is effective subject to the acceptance of American Realty Capital New York Recovery REIT, Inc.
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Signature — Investor (Required) Date | | Signature — Co-Investor (If Applicable) Date |
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APPENDIX E
LETTER OF DIRECTION
, 20
American Realty Capital New York Recovery REIT, Inc.
c/o DST Systems, Inc.
430 W 7th Street
Kansas City, Missouri 64105-1407
| Re: | Registered Investment Advisory Fees Account No. (“Account”) |
Ladies and Gentlemen:
You are hereby instructed and authorized by me to deduct advisory fees payable to , my registered investment advisor, in the following amount from my Account, and to pay such amount by check to my registered investment advisor, upon each distribution by American Realty Capital New York Recovery REIT, Inc. (the “Company”) on my Account, as payment for my registered investment advisor’s advisory fees (select only one):
$ ; or
% of Asset Value (calculated on a 365-day calendar year basis) to be paid by the Company on my Account.
I acknowledge that any and all advisory fees payable to my registered investment advisor are my sole responsibility and you are paying the amounts directed by me as an accommodation.
This letter shall serve as an irrevocable instruction to you to pay such advisory fees from my Account until such time as I provide you with written notice of my election to revoke this instruction.
Sincerely,
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| * | This election is not available for custodial ownership accounts, such as individual retirement accounts, Keogh plans and 401(k) plans, or Ohio investors. |
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APPENDIX F
NOTICE OF REVOCATION
, 20
American Realty Capital New York Recovery REIT, Inc.
c/o DST Systems, Inc.
430 W 7th Street
Kansas City, Missouri 64105-1407
| Re: | Revocation of Instruction Account No. (“Account”) |
Ladies and Gentlemen:
This letter shall serve as notice to you of my revocation of my instruction to you to deduct advisory fees from my Account and pay such fees directly to , my registered investment advisor, pursuant to my letter to you dated .
I hereby instruct you to cease any and all future deductions from my Account for the purpose of such advisory fee payments. I understand and acknowledge that this revocation will be effective within one business day of receipt by you.
Sincerely,
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APPENDIX G
PRIVACY POLICY NOTICE
AMERICAN REALTY CAPITAL NEW YORK RECOVERY REIT, INC.
PRIVACY POLICY NOTICE
OUR COMMITMENT TO PROTECTING YOUR PRIVACY. We consider customer privacy to be fundamental to our relationship with our stockholders. In the course of servicing your account, we collect personal information about you (“Non-Public Personal Information”). We collect this information to know who you are so that we can provide you with products and services that meet your particular financial and investing needs, and to meet our obligations under the laws and regulations that govern us.
We are committed to maintaining the confidentiality, integrity and security of our stockholders’ personal information. It is our policy to respect the privacy of our current and former stockholders and to protect the personal information entrusted to us. This Privacy Policy Notice (the “Policy”) describes the standards we follow for handling your personal information and how we use the information we collect about you.
Information We May Collect. We may collect Non-Public Personal Information about you from the following sources:
| • | Information on applications, subscription agreements or other forms. This category may include your name, address, e-mail address, telephone number, tax identification number, date of birth, marital status, driver’s license, citizenship, number of dependents, assets, income, employment history, beneficiary information and personal bank account information. |
| • | Information about your transactions with us, our affiliates and others, such as the types of products you purchase, your account balances, transactional history and payment history. |
| • | Information obtained from others, such as from consumer credit reporting agencies. This may include information about your creditworthiness, debts, financial circumstances and credit history, including any bankruptcies and foreclosures. |
Why We Collect Non-Public Personal Information. We collect information from and about you:
| • | in order to identify you as a customer; |
| • | in order to establish and maintain your customer accounts; |
| • | in order to complete your customer transactions; |
| • | in order to market investment products or services that may meet your particular financial and investing circumstances; |
| • | in order to communicate and share information with your broker/dealer, financial advisor, IRA custodian, joint owners and other similar parties acting at your request and on your behalf; and |
| • | in order to meet our obligations under the laws and regulations that govern us. |
Persons to Whom We May Disclose Information. We may disclose all types of Non-Public Personal Information about you to the following third parties and in the circumstances described below, as permitted by applicable laws and regulations.
| • | Our Affiliated Companies. We may offer investment products and services through certain of our affiliated companies, and we may share all of the Non-Public Personal Information we collect on you with such affiliates. We believe that by sharing information about you and your accounts among our companies, we are better able to serve your investment needs and to suggest services or educational materials that may be of interest to you. You may limit the information we share with our affiliate companies as described at the end of this notice below. |
| • | Nonaffiliated Financial Service Providers and Joint Marketing Partners. From time to time, we use outside companies to perform services for us or functions on our behalf, including marketing of our own investment products and services or marketing products or services that we may offer jointly |
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| | with other financial institutions. We may disclose all of the Non-Public Personal Information we collect as described above to such companies. However, before we disclose Non-Public Personal Information to any of our service providers or joint marketing partners, we require them to agree to keep your Non-Public Personal Information confidential and secure and to use it only as authorized by us. |
| • | Other Nonaffiliated Third Parties. We do not sell or share your Non-Public Personal Information with nonaffiliated outside marketers, for example, retail department stores, grocery stores or discount merchandise chains, who may want to offer you their own products and services. However, we also may use and disclose all of the Non-Public Personal Information we collect about you to the extent permitted by law. For example, to: |
| • | correct technical problems and malfunctions in how we provide our products and services to you and to technically process your information; |
| • | protect the security and integrity of our records, website and customer service center; |
| • | protect our rights and property and the rights and property of others; |
| • | take precautions against liability; |
| • | respond to claims that your information violates the rights and interests of third parties; |
| • | take actions required by law or to respond to judicial process; |
| • | assist with detection, investigation or reporting of actual or potential fraud, misrepresentation or criminal activity; and |
| • | provide personal information to law enforcement agencies or for an investigation on a matter related to public safety to the extent permitted under other provisions of law. |
Protecting Your Information. Our employees are required to follow the procedures we have developed to protect the integrity of your information. These procedures include:
| • | Restricting physical and other access to your Non-Public Personal Information to persons with a legitimate business need to know the information in order to service your account. |
| • | Contractually obligating third parties doing business with us to comply with all applicable privacy and security laws. |
| • | Providing information to you only after we have used reasonable efforts to assure ourselves of your identity by asking for and receiving from you information only you should know. |
| • | Maintaining reasonably adequate physical, electronic and procedural safeguards to protect your information. |
Former Customers. We treat information concerning our former customers the same way we treat information about our current customers.
Keeping You Informed. We will send you a copy of this Policy annually. We also will send you all changes to this Policy as they occur. You have the right to “opt out” of this Policy by notifying us in writing.
QUESTIONS?
If you have any questions about this Policy,
please do not hesitate to call Brian S. Block at (212) 415-6500.
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Your Right to Limit our Information Sharing with Affiliates
This Privacy Policy applies to American Realty Capital New York Recovery REIT, Inc. Federal law gives you the right to limit some but not all marketing from our affiliates. Federal law also requires us to give you this notice to tell you about your choice to limit marketing from our affiliates. You may tell us not to share information about your creditworthiness with our affiliated companies, except where such affiliate is performing services for us. We may still share with them other information about your experiences with us. You may limit our affiliates in the American Realty Capital III group of companies, such as our securities affiliates, from marketing their products or services to you based on your personal information that we collect and share with them. This information includes your account and investment history with us and your credit score.
If you want to limit our sharing of your information with our affiliates, you may contact us:
By telephone at:
By mail: Mark your choices below, fill in and send to:
AMERICAN REALTY CAPITAL NEW YORK RECOVERY REIT, INC.
405 Park Avenue
New York, New York 10022
| o | Do not share information about my creditworthiness with your affiliates for their everyday business purposes. |
| o | Do not allow your affiliates to use my personal information to market to me. |
Name:
Signature:
Your choice to limit marketing offers from our affiliates will apply for at least 5 years from when you tell us your choice. Once that period expires, you will receive a renewal notice that will allow you to continue to limit marketing offers from our affiliates for at least another 5 years. If you have already made a choice to limit marketing offers from our affiliates, you do not need to act again until you receive a renewal notice. If you have not already made a choice, unless we hear from you, we can begin sharing your information 30 days from the date we sent you this notice. However, you can contact us at any time to limit our sharing as set forth above.
Residents of some states may have additional privacy rights. We adhere to all applicable state laws.
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AMERICAN REALTY CAPITAL
NEW YORK RECOVERY REIT, INC.
Common Stock
150,000,000 SHARES OF COMMON STOCK — MAXIMUM OFFERING
PROSPECTUS
January 17, 2012
You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. No dealer, salesperson or other person is authorized to make any representations other than those contained in the prospectus and supplemental literature authorized by American Realty Capital New York Recovery REIT, Inc. and referred to in this prospectus, and, if given or made, such information and representations must not be relied upon. This prospectus is not an offer to sell nor is it seeking an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. The information contained in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any sale of these securities. You should not assume that the delivery of this prospectus or that any sale made pursuant to this prospectus implies that the information contained in this prospectus will remain fully accurate and correct as of any time subsequent to the date of this prospectus.