Shareholders' Equity | Stockholders' Equity Common Stock 2004 and 2010 Stock Option Plans In 2004, the board of directors and shareholders of the Company authorized and ratified the 2004 Stock Option Plan (2004 Plan), as amended. The 2004 Plan allows for the issuance of incentive stock options (ISOs), non-statutory stock options (NSOs) and stock purchase rights. The 2004 Plan states the maximum aggregate number of shares that may be subject to options or stock purchase rights and sold under the plan is 6,000,000 shares. In 2010, the board of directors and shareholders of the Company authorized and ratified the 2010 Stock Plan (2010 Plan), as amended. The 2010 Plan allows for the issuance of ISOs, NSOs and stock purchase rights. The 2010 Plan states the maximum aggregate number of shares that may be subject to options or stock purchase rights and sold under the plan is 29,963,761 shares. 2018 Stock Option and Incentive plan In August 2018, the 2018 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (2018 Plan) was adopted by the board of directors and approved by the shareholders and became effective in connection with the Company's IPO. The 2018 Plan replaces the 2010 Plan as the board of directors has determined not to make additional awards under the 2010 Plan. The 2010 Plan will continue to govern outstanding equity awards granted thereunder. In January 2019, the board of directors of the Company approved an additional 3,917,919 shares of Class A common stock to be added to the 2018 Plan, resulting in 11,590,519 shares of Class A common stock reserved for future issuance as of March 31, 2019. The Company has two classes of common stock, Class A and Class B. Holders of Class A common stock are entitled to one vote per share and holders of Class B common stock are entitled to ten votes per share. The Company's common stock has no preferences or privileges and is not redeemable. Holders of Class A and Class B common stock are entitled to dividends, if and when declared, by the Company's board of directors. The 2018 Plan allows for the granting of options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units (RSUs), unrestricted stock awards, dividend equivalent rights and cash-based awards. As of March 31, 2019, there were 19,879,817 cumulative options issued and outstanding and 14,250,977 cumulative shares available for issuance under the 2004 Plan, 2010 Plan and 2018 Plan (collectively, the Plans). Stock options typically vest over a four -year period from the date of grant. Options awarded under the Plans may be granted at an exercise price per share not less than the fair value at the date of grant and are exercisable for up to 10 years from the date of grant. Stock option activity under the Plans was as follows for the periods indicated: Outstanding Weighted- Weighted- Aggregate (thousands) Balance as of December 31, 2018 22,012,597 $ 7.85 7.1 $ 439,382 Granted 109,307 31.88 Exercised (2,034,313 ) 6.11 32,468 Cancelled (207,774 ) 9.39 Balance as of March 31, 2019 19,879,817 8.14 6.9 220,792 Vested and exercisable as of December 31, 2018 12,462,693 5.75 5.6 274,883 Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2018 20,926,797 7.69 7.0 421,047 Vested and exercisable as of March 31, 2019 11,477,302 6.01 5.5 151,021 Vested and expected to vest as of March 31, 2019 18,988,789 8.00 6.7 213,636 2018 Employee Stock Purchase plan In August 2018, the board of directors adopted, and stockholders approved, the 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP). A total of 1,534,500 shares of the Company's Class A common stock were initially authorized for issuance under the ESPP. Subject to any plan limitations, the ESPP allows eligible employees to contribute, through payroll deductions, up to 15% of their earnings for the purchase of the Company's Class A common stock at a discounted price per share. Except for the initial offering period, the ESPP provides for separate six-month offering periods. The initial offering period will run from September 20, 2018 through May 31, 2019. Unless otherwise determined by the Company's board of directors, the Company's Class A common stock will be purchased for the accounts of employees participating in the ESPP at a price per share that is the lesser of (1) 85% of the fair market value of the Company's Class A common stock on the first trading day of the offering period, which for the initial offering period is the price at which shares of the Company's Class A common stock were first sold to the public, or (2) 85% of the fair market value of the Company's Class A common stock on the last trading day of the offering period. The Company recorded $0.3 million of expense during the three months ended March 31, 2019 related to the ESPP. Beginning January 1, 2019 and each January 1 thereafter, the number of shares of Class A common stock reserved and available for issuance under the ESPP will be cumulatively increased by the lesser of (1) 1,534,500 shares of Class A common stock, (2) one percent of the number of shares of Class B common stock of the Company outstanding on the immediately preceding December 31 or (3) a lesser number of shares of Class A common stock as determined by the board of directors. In January 2019, the board of directors approved an additional 783,583 of Class A common stock for a total of 2,318,083 reserved for issuance under the ESPP. Common Stock Subject to Repurchase The Plans and the Company's stock option agreement allow for the early exercise of stock options for certain individuals, as determined by the Company's board of directors. Common stock purchased pursuant to an early exercise of stock options is not deemed to be outstanding for accounting purposes until those shares vest. The consideration received for an exercise of an option is considered to be a deposit of the exercise price and the related dollar amount is recorded as a liability. Upon termination of service, the Company may, at their discretion, repurchase unvested shares acquired through early exercise of stock options at a price equal to the price per share paid upon the exercise of such options. The Company includes unvested shares subject to repurchase in the number of shares of common stock outstanding. At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , outstanding common stock included 43,638 and 55,537 shares, respectively, subject to repurchase related to unvested stock options that have been early exercised. The Company has a liability of $0.3 million and $0.4 million as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively, related to early exercises of stock options. The liability is reclassified into stockholders' equity as the awards vest. Stock-based Compensation Expense All stock-based awards to employees and members of the Company's board of directors are measured based on the grant date fair value of the awards and recognized as expense over the period during which the employee is required to perform services in exchange for the award (the vesting period of the award). The Company estimates the fair value of stock options granted using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and records stock-based compensation expense for service-based equity awards using the straight-line attribution method. The following range of assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of stock options granted to employees during the periods indicated: Three Months Ended 2019 2018 Expected dividend yield — — Expected volatility 49.7% 48.3% Risk-free interest rate 2.58% 2.25 - 2.38% Expected term (years) 6.08 6.08 The weighted-average fair value of stock options granted was $16.01 and $ 4.21 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , the total unrecognized stock-based compensation related to unvested options outstanding was $47.4 million and $51.3 million , respectively, to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.55 years and 2.73 years , respectively. Restricted Stock Units RSU activity under the Plans was as follows for the periods indicated: Outstanding RSUs Weighted-average grant date fair value per share Weighted-average remaining contractual term (years) Aggregate intrinsic value (thousands) Balance as of December 31, 2018 670,606 $ 24.71 1.9 $ 18,650 Net shares settled upon vesting (39,923 ) Awarded 673,725 30.55 Cancelled (19,061 ) 31.89 Balance as of March 31, 2019 1,285,347 28.05 1.9 24,212 Vested and expected to vest as of March 31, 2019 1,016,856 27.73 1.7 19,493 The Company recognized $2.3 million of stock-based compensation expense related to RSUs during the three months ended March 31, 2019, and as of that date, the total unrecognized stock-based compensation related to RSUs outstanding was $25.8 million , to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.58 years . The Company recognized no expense related to RSUs during the three months ended March 31, 2018. |