Investments | (3) Investments Available-for-sale Securities. The period-end amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of available-for-sale securities were as follows: September 30, 2022 Amortized cost Gross unrealized gains Gross unrealized losses Fair value (In thousands) Securities available-for-sale, carried at fair value: Fixed-maturity securities: U.S. government and agencies $ 32,698 $ 20 $ ( 980 ) $ 31,738 Foreign government 150,507 474 ( 11,037 ) 139,944 States and political subdivisions 142,852 59 ( 21,789 ) 121,122 Corporates 1,668,098 1,985 ( 194,251 ) 1,475,832 Residential mortgage-backed securities 477,103 251 ( 65,328 ) 412,026 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 139,940 3 ( 14,204 ) 125,739 Other asset-backed securities 167,817 - ( 16,229 ) 151,588 Total fixed-maturity securities 2,779,015 2,792 ( 323,818 ) 2,457,989 December 31, 2021 Amortized cost Gross unrealized gains Gross unrealized losses Fair value (In thousands) Securities available-for-sale, carried at fair value: Fixed-maturity securities: U.S. government and agencies $ 32,292 $ 187 $ ( 79 ) $ 32,400 Foreign government 147,288 6,283 ( 595 ) 152,976 States and political subdivisions 147,455 6,326 ( 254 ) 153,527 Corporates 1,649,334 72,418 ( 8,068 ) 1,713,684 Residential mortgage-backed securities 373,753 5,108 ( 3,230 ) 375,631 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 142,631 3,314 ( 420 ) 145,525 Other asset-backed securities 128,635 1,409 ( 1,220 ) 128,824 Total fixed-maturity securities 2,621,388 95,045 ( 13,866 ) 2,702,567 Short-term investments 85,246 1 ( 4 ) 85,243 Total fixed-maturity and short-term investments $ 2,706,634 $ 95,046 $ ( 13,870 ) $ 2,787,810 All of our available-for-sale mortgage- and asset-backed securities represent variable interests in variable interest entities (“VIEs”). We are not the primary beneficiary of these VIEs because we do not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entities’ economic performance. The maximum exposure to loss as a result of our involvement in these VIEs equals the carrying value of the securities. The scheduled maturity distribution of the available-for-sale fixed-maturity portfolio as of September 30, 2022 was as follows: Amortized cost Fair value (In thousands) Due in one year or less $ 185,346 $ 184,509 Due after one year through five years 768,889 724,190 Due after five years through 10 years 747,297 627,289 Due after 10 years 292,623 232,648 1,994,155 1,768,636 Mortgage- and asset-backed securities 784,860 689,353 Total AFS fixed-maturity securities $ 2,779,015 $ 2,457,989 Expected maturities may differ from scheduled contractual maturities because issuers of securities may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Trading Securities. The cost and fair value of the securities classified as trading securities were as follows: September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 Cost Fair value Cost Fair value (In thousands) Fixed-maturity securities $ 4,335 $ 3,718 $ 24,769 $ 24,355 Held-to-maturity Security. Concurrent with the execution of the Vidalia Re Coinsurance Agreement, Vidalia Re entered into a Surplus Note Purchase Agreement (the “Surplus Note Purchase Agreement”) with Hannover Life Reassurance Company of America and certain of its affiliates (collectively, “Hannover Re”) and a newly formed limited liability company (the “LLC”) owned by a third- party service provider. Under the Surplus Note Purchase Agreement, Vidalia Re issued a surplus note (the “Surplus Note”) to the LLC in exchange for a credit enhanced note from the LLC with an equal principal amount (the “LLC Note”). The principal amount of both the LLC Note and the Surplus Note will fluctuate over time to coincide with the amount of reserves contractually supported under the Vidalia Re Coinsurance Agreement. Both the LLC Note and the Surplus Note mature on December 31, 2030 and bear interest at an annual interest rate of 4.50 % . The LLC Note is guaranteed by Hannover Re through a credit enhancement feature in exchange for a fee, which is reflected in interest expense on our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income. The LLC is a VIE as its owner does not have an equity investment at risk that is sufficient to permit the LLC to finance its activities without Vidalia Re or Hannover Re. The Parent Company, Primerica Life, and Vidalia Re share the power to direct the activities of the LLC with Hannover Re, but do not have the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive any residual returns related to the LLC’s primary risks or sources of variability. Through the credit enhancement feature, Hannover Re is the ultimate risk taker in this transaction and bears the obligation to absorb the LLC’s losses in the event of a Surplus Note default in exchange for the fee. Accordingly, the Company is not the primary beneficiary of the LLC and does not consolidate the LLC within its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. See Note 5 (Reinsurance) for Hannover Re’s financial strength rating. The LLC Note is classified as a fixed-maturity held-to-maturity security in the Company’s invested asset portfolio as we have the positive intent and ability to hold the security until maturity. As of September 30, 2022, the LLC Note had an estimated unrealized holding loss of $ 113.5 million based on its amortized cost and estimated fair value. The estimated fair value of the LLC Note is expected to be at least equal to the estimated fair value of the offsetting Surplus Note. See Note 12 (Debt) for more information on the Surplus Note. As of September 30, 2022 , no credit losses have been recognized on the LLC Note. Investments on Deposit with Governmental Authorities. As required by law, we have investments on deposit with governmental authorities and banks for the protection of policyholders. The fair values of investments on deposit were $ 7.1 million and $ 7.6 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Securities Lending Transactions. We participate in securities lending transactions with broker-dealers and other financial institutions to increase investment income with minimal risk. We require minimum collateral on securities loaned equal to 102 % of the fair value of the loaned securities. We accept collateral in the form of securities, which we are not able to sell or encumber, and to the extent the collateral declines in value below 100 %, we require additional collateral from the borrower. Any securities collateral received is not reflected on our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. We also accept collateral in the form of cash, all of which we reinvest. For loans involving unrestricted cash collateral, the collateral is reported as an asset with a corresponding liability representing our obligation to return the collateral. We continue to carry the loaned securities as invested assets on our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets during the terms of the loans, and we do not report them as sales. Cash collateral received and reinvested was $ 80.8 million and $ 94.5 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Investment Income. The components of net investment income were as follows: Three months ended September 30, Nine months ended September 30, 2022 2021 2022 2021 (In thousands) Fixed-maturity securities (available-for-sale) $ 23,067 $ 19,860 $ 66,370 $ 60,035 Fixed-maturity security (held-to-maturity) 16,283 15,741 47,613 46,382 Equity securities 373 413 1,131 1,216 Policy loans and other invested assets 436 289 596 618 Cash and cash equivalents 1,714 96 2,338 371 Total return on deposit asset underlying 10% coinsurance agreement (1) 489 346 ( 1,790 ) 1,989 Gross investment income 42,362 36,745 116,258 110,611 Investment expenses ( 1,733 ) ( 1,004 ) ( 4,110 ) ( 3,641 ) Investment income net of investment expenses 40,629 35,741 112,148 106,970 Interest expense on surplus note ( 16,283 ) ( 15,741 ) ( 47,613 ) ( 46,382 ) Net investment income $ 24,346 $ 20,000 $ 64,535 $ 60,588 (1) For the three months ended September 30, 2022, includes less than ($ 0.1 ) million of net losses recognized for the change in fair value of the deposit asset underlying the 10 % coinsurance agreement. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, includes $( 3.4 ) million of net losses recognized for the change in fair value of the deposit asset underlying the 10 % coinsurance agreement. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, includes $( 0.6 ) million and $( 1.6 ) million, respectively, of net losses recognized for the change in fair value of the deposit asset underlying the 10 % coinsurance agreement. The components of investment gains (losses), as well as details on gross realized investment gains (losses) and other investment gains (losses) were as follows: Three months ended September 30, Nine months ended September 30, 2022 2021 2022 2021 (In thousands) Realized investment gains (losses): Gross gains from sales of available-for-sale securities fixed maturity securities $ 491 $ 1,801 $ 1,512 $ 5,780 Gross losses from sales of available-for-sale fixed maturity securities ( 199 ) ( 71 ) ( 588 ) ( 2,018 ) Net realized investment gains (losses): 292 1,730 924 3,762 Other investment gains (losses): Credit losses impairment of available-for-sale securities ( 138 ) 149 ( 57 ) ( 710 ) Market gains (losses) recognized in net income during the period on equity securities ( 2,858 ) ( 418 ) ( 4,692 ) 1,117 Gains (losses) from bifurcated options - 1 - ( 48 ) Gains (losses) on trading securities 5 ( 52 ) ( 16 ) ( 245 ) Other investment gains (losses): ( 2,991 ) ( 320 ) ( 4,765 ) 114 Investment gains (losses) $ ( 2,699 ) $ 1,410 $ ( 3,841 ) $ 3,876 The proceeds from sales or other redemptions of available-for-sale securities were as follows: Three months ended September 30, Nine months ended September 30, 2022 2021 2022 2021 (In thousands) Proceeds from sales or other redemptions $ 117,909 $ 135,393 $ 419,985 $ 449,564 Accrued Interest. Accrued interest is recorded in accordance with the original interest schedule of the underlying security. In the event of default, the Company’s policy is to no longer accrue interest on these securities and any remaining accrued interest will be written off. As a result, the Company has made the policy election to not record an allowance for credit losses on accrued interest. Credit Losses for Available-for-sale Securities. The following table summarizes all available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded as of September 30, 2022, aggregated by major security type and length of time such securities have continuously been in an unrealized loss position: September 30, 2022 Less than 12 months 12 months or longer Fair value Unrealized losses Fair value Unrealized losses (Dollars in thousands) Fixed-maturity securities: U.S. government and agencies $ 27,735 $ ( 744 ) $ 2,170 $ ( 236 ) Foreign government 114,843 ( 7,332 ) 17,132 ( 3,705 ) States and political subdivisions 105,750 ( 18,900 ) 11,798 ( 2,889 ) Corporates 1,202,033 ( 127,943 ) 239,948 ( 66,308 ) Residential mortgage-backed securities 301,304 ( 41,127 ) 103,895 ( 24,201 ) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 96,986 ( 10,949 ) 28,352 ( 3,255 ) Other asset-backed securities 102,080 ( 8,368 ) 49,508 ( 7,861 ) Total fixed-maturity securities 1,950,731 ( 215,363 ) 452,803 ( 108,455 ) December 31, 2021 Less than 12 months 12 months or longer Fair value Unrealized losses Fair value Unrealized losses (Dollars in thousands) Fixed-maturity securities: U.S. government and agencies $ 24,928 $ ( 45 ) $ 1,557 $ ( 34 ) Foreign government 18,894 ( 384 ) 3,335 ( 211 ) States and political subdivisions 15,909 ( 254 ) - - Corporates 341,963 ( 5,035 ) 59,414 ( 3,033 ) Residential mortgage-backed securities 234,911 ( 3,131 ) 2,707 ( 99 ) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 47,220 ( 419 ) 117 ( 1 ) Other asset-backed securities 80,509 ( 1,037 ) 3,779 ( 183 ) Total fixed-maturity securities 764,334 ( 10,305 ) 70,909 ( 3,561 ) Short-term investments: U.S. government and agencies 34,967 * - - Foreign government 4,995 * - - States and political subdivisions 11,394 ( 1 ) - - Corporates 23,891 ( 3 ) - - Total short-term investments 75,247 ( 4 ) - - Total fixed-maturity securities and short-term investments $ 839,581 $ ( 10,309 ) $ 70,909 $ ( 3,561 ) * Less than $ 1 thousand. The amortized cost of available-for-sale fixed-maturity securities with a cost basis in excess of their fair values were $ 2.7 billion and $ 924.4 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. As of September 30, 2022, we did not recognize credit losses in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income on available-for-sale securities with unrealized losses that were due to interest rate sensitivity and changes in credit spreads. We believe that fluctuations caused by movement in interest rates and credit spreads generally have little bearing on the recoverability of our investments. For those that remain in an unrealized loss position we have the ability to hold these investments until maturity or a market price recovery, and we have no present intention to dispose them. The sharp increase in interest rates during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was the primary driver of the increase in unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities. For the three months ended September 30, 2022, we recognized $ 0.1 million of credit (gains) losses in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income on available-for-sale securities. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we recorded less than $ 0.1 million for credit (gains) losses in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income on available-for-sale securities. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, we recorded a total of $( 0.1 ) million and $ 0.7 million, respectively, for credit (gains) losses in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income on available-for-sale securities. We recognized credit losses on securities due to: (i) our intent to sell them; (ii) adverse credit events indicating that we will not receive the security’s contractual cash flows when contractually due, such as news of an impending filing for bankruptcy; (iii) analyses of the issuer’s most recent financial statements or other information indicating that significant liquidity deficiencies, significant losses and large declines in capitalization exist; and (iv) analyses of rating agency information for issuances with severe ratings downgrades indicating a significant increase in the possibility of default. The rollforward of the allowance for credit losses on available-for-sale securities were as follows: Three months ended September 30, Nine months ended September 30, 2022 2021 2022 2021 (In thousands) Allowance for credit losses, beginning of period $ - $ 858 $ 816 $ - Additions to the allowance for credit losses on securities for which credit losses were not previously recorded - 6 - 160 Additional increases or (decreases) to the allowance for credit losses on securities that had an allowance recorded in a previous period - ( 154 ) ( 81 ) 550 Write-offs charged against the allowance, if any - - ( 735 ) - Allowance for credit losses, end of period $ - $ 710 $ - $ 710 Derivatives. We carry a deferred loss related to closed forward contracts, which were settled several years ago, that were used to mitigate our exposure to foreign currency exchange rates that resulted from the net investment in our Canadian operations. The amount of deferred loss included in accumulated other comprehensive income was $ 26.4 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 . These deferred losses will not be recognized until such time as we sell or substantially liquidate our Canadian operations. We have no such intention. |