Investments | (3) Investments Available-for-sale Securities. The period-end cost or amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of available-for-sale fixed-maturity and equity securities follow: September 30, 2015 Cost or amortized cost Gross unrealized gains Gross unrealized losses Fair value (In thousands) Securities available-for-sale, carried at fair value: Fixed-maturity securities: U.S. government and agencies $ 13,648 $ 575 $ (2 ) $ 14,221 Foreign government 122,518 2,338 (13,772 ) 111,084 States and political subdivisions 37,486 2,673 (493 ) 39,666 Corporates 1,255,973 63,039 (24,379 ) 1,294,633 Mortgage- and asset-backed securities 211,943 11,797 (178 ) 223,562 Total fixed-maturity securities (1) 1,641,568 80,422 (38,824 ) 1,683,166 Equity securities 40,571 7,327 (2,118 ) 45,780 Total fixed-maturity and equity securities $ 1,682,139 $ 87,749 $ (40,942 ) $ 1,728,946 (1) Includes approximately $0.1 December 31, 2014 Cost or amortized cost Gross unrealized gains Gross unrealized losses Fair value (In thousands) Securities available-for-sale, carried at fair value: Fixed-maturity securities: U.S. government and agencies $ 15,145 $ 557 $ (55 ) $ 15,647 Foreign government 120,910 5,388 (3,801 ) 122,497 States and political subdivisions 38,163 2,719 (188 ) 40,694 Corporates 1,241,526 82,167 (7,825 ) 1,315,868 Mortgage- and asset-backed securities 251,756 13,050 (392 ) 264,414 Total fixed-maturity securities (1) 1,667,500 103,881 (12,261 ) 1,759,120 Equity securities 43,738 10,711 (1,059 ) 53,390 Total fixed-maturity and equity securities $ 1,711,238 $ 114,592 $ (13,320 ) $ 1,812,510 (1) Includes approximately $0.7 million of other-than-temporary impairment losses related to corporates and mortgage- and asset-backed securities recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income. All of our available-for-sale mortgage- and asset-backed securities represent variable interests in variable interest entities ("VIEs"). We are not the primary beneficiary of these VIEs because we do not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entities’ economic performance. The maximum exposure to loss as a result of our involvement in these VIEs equals the carrying value of the securities. The scheduled contractual maturity distribution of the available-for-sale fixed-maturity portfolio at September 30, 2015 follows: Amortized cost Fair value (In thousands) Due in one year or less $ 87,321 $ 85,750 Due after one year through five years 619,132 649,602 Due after five years through 10 years 669,453 671,475 Due after 10 years 53,719 52,777 1,429,625 1,459,604 Mortgage- and asset-backed securities 211,943 223,562 Total fixed-maturity securities $ 1,641,568 $ 1,683,166 Expected maturities may differ from scheduled contractual maturities because issuers of securities may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Unrealized Gains and Losses on Investments. The net effect on stockholders’ equity of unrealized gains and losses on investments was as follows: September 30, 2015 December 31, 2014 (In thousands) Net unrealized investment gains including foreign currency translation adjustment and other-than- temporary impairments: Fixed-maturity and equity securities $ 46,807 $ 101,272 Currency swaps - 23 Exclude unrealized foreign currency translation (gains) losses adjustment 29,832 12,314 Exclude other-than-temporary impairments 113 710 Net unrealized investment gains excluding foreign currency translation adjustment and other-than- temporary impairments 76,752 114,319 Deferred income taxes (26,863 ) (40,011 ) Net unrealized investment gains excluding foreign currency translation adjustment and other-than- temporary impairments, net of tax $ 49,889 $ 74,308 Trading Securities. We maintain a portfolio of fixed-maturity securities that are classified as trading securities. The carrying values of the fixed-maturity securities classified as trading securities were approximately $6.5 million and $7.7 million as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. Held-to-maturity Security. Concurrent with the execution of the Vidalia Re Coinsurance Agreement, Vidalia Re entered into a Surplus Note Purchase Agreement (the "Surplus Note Purchase Agreement") with Hannover Life Reassurance Company of America and certain of its affiliates (collectively, “Hannover Re”) and a newly formed limited liability company (the "LLC") owned by a third party service provider. Under the Surplus Note Purchase Agreement, Vidalia Re issued a surplus note (the “Surplus Note”) to the LLC in exchange for a credit enhanced note from the LLC with an equal principal amount (the “LLC Note”). The principal amount of both the LLC Note and the Surplus Note will fluctuate over time to coincide with the amount of reserves contractually supported under the Vidalia Re Coinsurance Agreement. Both the LLC Note and the Surplus Note mature on December 31, 2029 and bear interest at an annual interest rate of 4.50%. The LLC Note is guaranteed by Hannover Re through a credit enhancement feature in exchange for a fee, which is reflected in interest expense on our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income. The LLC is a variable interest entity as its owner does not have an equity investment at risk that is sufficient to permit the LLC to finance its activities without Vidalia Re or Hannover Re. The Parent Company, Primerica Life, and Vidalia Re share the power to direct the activities of the LLC with Hannover Re, but do not have the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive any residual returns related to the LLC’s primary risks or sources of variability. Through the credit enhancement feature, Hannover Re is the ultimate risk taker in this transaction and bears the obligation to absorb the LLC’s losses in the event of a Surplus Note default in exchange for the fee. Accordingly, the Company is not the primary beneficiary of the LLC and does not consolidate the LLC within its consolidated financial statements. The LLC Note is classified as a held-to-maturity debt security in the Company’s invested asset portfolio as we have the positive intent and ability to hold the security until maturity. As of September 30, 2015, the LLC Note, which was rated A+ by Fitch Ratings, had an estimated unrealized holding gain See Note 6 (Debt) for more information on the Surplus Note. Investments on Deposit with Governmental Authorities. As required by law, we have investments on deposit with governmental authorities and banks for the protection of policyholders. The fair values of investments on deposit were approximately $18.1 million and $19.9 million as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. Securities Lending Transactions. We participate in securities lending transactions with broker-dealers and other financial institutions to increase investment income with minimal risk. We require minimum collateral on securities loaned equal to 102% of the fair value of the loaned securities. We accept collateral in the form of securities, which we are not able to sell or encumber, and to the extent the collateral declines in value below 100%, we require additional collateral from the borrower. Any securities collateral received is not reflected on our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. We also accept collateral in the form of cash, all of which we reinvest. For loans involving unrestricted cash collateral, the collateral is reported as an asset with a corresponding liability representing our obligation to return the collateral. We continue to carry the loaned securities as invested assets on our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets during the terms of the loans, and we do not report them as sales. Cash collateral received and reinvested was approximately $83.2 million and $50.2 million as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. Investment Income. The components of net investment income were as follows: Three months ended September 30, Nine months ended September 30, 2015 2014 2015 2014 (In thousands) Fixed-maturity securities (available-for-sale) $ 18,786 $ 20,933 $ 58,132 $ 62,419 Fixed-maturity security (held-to-maturity) 3,772 1,299 8,954 1,299 Equity securities 514 450 1,533 1,306 Policy loans and other invested assets 354 367 1,049 1,153 Cash and cash equivalents 51 70 141 191 Market return on deposit asset underlying 10% coinsurance agreement 220 (127 ) 1,776 2,316 Gross investment income 23,697 22,992 71,585 68,684 Investment expenses (1,210 ) (1,228 ) (3,667 ) (3,640 ) Investment income net of investment expenses 22,487 21,764 67,918 65,044 Interest expense on surplus note (3,772 ) (1,299 ) (8,954 ) (1,299 ) Net investment income $ 18,715 $ 20,465 $ 58,964 $ 63,745 The components of net realized investment gains (losses) as well as details on gross realized investment gains and losses and proceeds from sales or other redemptions were as follows: Three months ended September 30, Nine months ended September 30, 2015 2014 2015 2014 (In thousands) Net realized investment gains (losses): Gross gains from sales $ 1,209 $ 550 $ 4,610 $ 1,731 Gross losses from sales (26 ) (115 ) (285 ) (160 ) Other-than-temporary impairment losses (1,564 ) (515 ) (2,433 ) (885 ) Gains (losses) from bifurcated options 122 (201 ) (269 ) 127 Net realized investment gains (losses) $ (259 ) $ (281 ) $ 1,623 $ 813 Supplemental information: Tax expense (benefit) associated with unrealized holding gains (losses) recognized in other comprehensive income on investment securities $ (6,249 ) $ (7,468 ) $ (13,810 ) $ 5,550 Tax expense (benefit) associated with net unrealized investment losses other-than-temporarily impaired recognized in other comprehensive income 208 477 208 477 Tax expense (benefit) associated with realized investment gains (losses) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into earnings (133 ) (28 ) 662 240 Proceeds from sales or other redemptions 96,285 92,130 310,519 301,519 Other-Than-Temporary Impairment. We conduct a review each quarter to identify and evaluate impaired investments that have indications of possible other-than-temporary impairment ("OTTI"). An investment in a debt or equity security is impaired if its fair value falls below its cost. Factors considered in determining whether an unrealized loss is temporary include the length of time and extent to which fair value has been below cost, the financial condition and near-term prospects for the issue, and our ability and intent to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery, which may be maturity for fixed-maturity securities or within a reasonable period of time for equity securities. For additional information, see Note 4 (Investments) to the consolidated financial statements in our 2014 Annual Report. Available-for-sale fixed-maturity and equity securities with a cost basis in excess of their fair values were approximately $473.4 million and $340.8 million as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. The following tables summarize, for all available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position, the aggregate fair value and the gross unrealized loss by length of time such securities have continuously been in an unrealized loss position: September 30, 2015 Less than 12 months 12 months or longer Fair value Unrealized losses Number of securities Fair value Unrealized losses Number of securities (Dollars in thousands) Fixed-maturity securities: U.S. government and agencies $ 693 $ (2 ) 1 $ - $ - - Foreign government 43,742 (5,434 ) 44 32,348 (8,338 ) 53 States and political subdivisions - - - 884 (493 ) 2 Corporates 258,836 (13,546 ) 285 54,429 (10,833 ) 77 Mortgage-and asset-backed securities 22,400 (73 ) 24 8,149 (105 ) 13 Total fixed-maturity securities 325,671 (19,055 ) 95,810 (19,769 ) Equity securities 7,979 (437 ) 17 2,954 (1,681 ) 7 Total fixed-maturity and equity securities $ 333,650 $ (19,492 ) $ 98,764 $ (21,450 ) December 31, 2014 Less than 12 months 12 months or longer Fair value Unrealized losses Number of securities Fair value Unrealized losses Number of securities (Dollars in thousands) Fixed-maturity securities: U.S. government and agencies $ 7,201 $ (1 ) 2 $ 896 $ (54 ) 2 Foreign government 28,038 (1,317 ) 35 23,330 (2,484 ) 40 States and political subdivisions 1,694 (4 ) 3 2,720 (184 ) 4 Corporates 144,262 (3,818 ) 153 43,736 (4,007 ) 78 Mortgage-and asset-backed securities 49,591 (109 ) 43 16,847 (283 ) 20 Total fixed-maturity securities 230,786 (5,249 ) 87,529 (7,012 ) Equity securities 6,849 (862 ) 15 2,303 (197 ) 1 Total fixed-maturity and equity securities $ 237,635 $ (6,111 ) $ 89,832 $ (7,209 ) The amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale fixed-maturity securities in default were as follows: September 30, 2015 December 31, 2014 Amortized cost Fair value Amortized cost Fair value (In thousands) Fixed-maturity securities in default $ 131 $ 466 $ 144 $ 611 Impairment charges recognized in earnings on available-for-sale securities were as follows: Three months ended September 30, Nine months ended September 30, 2015 2014 2015 2014 (In thousands) Impairments on fixed-maturity securities not in default $ 1,287 $ 515 $ 2,075 $ 885 Impairments on fixed-maturity securities in default 2 - 7 - Impairments on equity securities 275 - 351 - Total impairment charges $ 1,564 $ 515 $ 2,433 $ 885 The securities noted above were considered to be other-than-temporarily impaired due to our intent to sell them; adverse credit events, such as news of an impending filing for bankruptcy; analyses of the issuer’s most recent financial statements or other information in which liquidity deficiencies, significant losses and large declines in capitalization were evident; or analyses of rating agency information for issuances with severe ratings downgrades that indicated a significant increase in the possibility of default. As of September 30, 2015, the unrealized losses on our available-for-sale invested asset portfolio were largely caused by interest rate sensitivity, changes in credit spreads, and foreign currency exchange rates on our Canadian dollar-denominated investments held by our Canadian subsidiaries. We believe that fluctuations caused by movements in interest rates and credit spreads have little bearing on the recoverability of our investments. We do not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired because we have the ability to hold these investments until maturity or a market price recovery, and we have no present intention to dispose of them. The foreign currency translation adjustments on Canadian dollar-denominated investments will fluctuate with the Canadian dollar exchange rate and have no impact on the recoverability of our Canadian subsidiaries’ functional currency investments. Net impairment losses recognized in earnings for available-for-sale securities were as follows: Three months ended September 30, Nine months ended September 30, 2015 2014 2015 2014 (In thousands) Total impairment losses related to securities which the Company does not intend to sell or more-likely-than-not will not be required to sell: Total OTTI losses recognized $ 150 $ - $ 251 $ - Less portion of OTTI loss recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) - - - - Net impairment losses recognized in earnings for securities which the Company does not intend to sell or more-likely- than-not will not be required to sell before recovery 150 - 251 - OTTI losses recognized in earnings for securities which the Company intends to sell or more-likely-than-not will be required to sell before recovery 1,414 515 2,182 885 Net impairment losses recognized in earnings $ 1,564 $ 515 $ 2,433 $ 885 The rollforward of the credit-related losses recognized in income for all available-for-sale fixed-maturity securities still held follows: Three months ended September 30, Nine months ended September 30, 2015 2014 2015 2014 (In thousands) Cumulative OTTI credit losses recognized for securities still held, beginning of period $ 7,701 $ 7,745 $ 9,550 $ 7,970 Additions for OTTI securities where no credit losses were recognized prior to the beginning of the period 336 412 403 753 Additions for OTTI securities where credit losses have been recognized prior to the beginning of the period 953 103 1,679 132 Reductions due to sales, maturities, calls, amortization or increases in cash flows expected to be collected over the remaining life of credit impaired securities (138 ) (241 ) (1,503 ) (836 ) Reductions for exchanges of securities previously impaired - - (1,277 ) - Cumulative OTTI credit losses recognized for securities still held, end of period $ 8,852 $ 8,019 $ 8,852 $ 8,019 As of September 30, 2015, no impairment losses have been recognized on the LLC Note held-to-maturity security. Derivatives. Embedded conversion options associated with fixed-maturity securities are bifurcated from the fixed-maturity security host contracts and separately recognized as equity securities. The change in fair value of these bifurcated conversion options is reflected in realized investment gains (losses), including OTTI losses. As of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the fair value of these bifurcated options was approximately $4.5 million and $5.8 million, respectively. We have a deferred loss related to closed forward contracts, which were settled several years ago, that were used to mitigate our exposure to foreign currency exchange rates that resulted from the net investment in our Canadian operations. The amount of deferred loss included in accumulated other comprehensive income was approximately $26.4 million |