LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES | NOTE 5 – LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES Loans, net of deferred costs and fees, consist of the following as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (in thousands): March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Real estate Commercial $ 1,729,386 $ 1,668,236 Construction 41,162 30,827 Multifamily 379,342 375,611 One-to-four family 75,610 82,670 Total real estate loans 2,225,500 2,157,344 Commercial and industrial 482,187 448,619 Consumer 63,112 71,956 Total loans 2,770,799 2,677,919 Deferred fees (4,700) (4,970) Loans, net of deferred fees and unamortized costs 2,766,099 2,672,949 Allowance for loan losses (30,924) (26,272) Balance at the end of the period $ 2,735,175 $ 2,646,677 The portfolio segments in the tables below represent the categories that the Bank uses to determine its Allowance for Loan Losses (“ALLL”). As part of the determination of the ALLL for the first quarter of 2020, the Bank considered the effects of COVID-19 on macro-economic conditions such as sharply increasing unemployment rates and the shut-down of all non-essential businesses. The Bank also analyzed the impact of COVID-19 on its primary market, which is the New York metropolitan area, as well as the impact on the Bank’s market sectors and its specific clients (see “Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this Report for further discussion on the impact of COVID-19). As part of its estimation of an adjustment to the ALLL due to COVID-19, the Bank identified those market sectors or industries that were more likely to be affected, such as hospitality, transportation and outpatient care centers. To determine the potential impact on the Bank’s customers, particularly in these industries, management primarily relied on the results of semi-annual stress tests that have been performed for the Bank by a third-party. The scenarios used in these stress tests include significant revenue declines in a borrower’s business as well as reductions in its operating cash flows and the impact on its ability to repay its loans. Using the stress test results, management estimated the probability of default and loss-given-default for the various loan categories at March 31, 2020 and assigned a weighting to each scenario. Based on this analysis, management estimated the potential impact of a stressed environment, such as the one resulting from COVID-19, and the adjustment to the ALLL as of March 31, 2020. In addition to the stress tests, the Bank also established an additional qualitative loss factor solely related to the impact of COVID-19 and included that analysis in its ALLL calculations. As a result of management’s assessment, the Bank recorded an additional loan loss provision of $3.1 million in the first quarter of 2020. However, this is a period of great uncertainty. The impact of COVID-19 is likely to be felt over the next several quarters. As such, significant adjustments to the ALLL may be required as the full impact of COVID-19 on the Bank’s borrowers becomes known. The following tables present the activity in the ALLL by segment, including the impact of COVID-19 for the first quarter of 2020, for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands): Commercial Commercial Multi One-to-four COVID-19 Three months ended March 31, 2020 Real Estate & Industrial Construction Family Family Consumer Impact Total Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 15,317 $ 7,070 $ 411 $ 2,453 $ 267 $ 754 $ — $ 26,272 Provision/(credit) for loan losses 574 1,098 138 65 (76) (65) 3,056 4,790 Loans charged-off — (13) — — — (188) — (201) Recoveries — 58 — — — 5 — 63 Total ending allowance balance $ 15,891 $ 8,213 $ 549 $ 2,518 $ 191 $ 506 $ 3,056 $ 30,924 Commercial Commercial Multi One-to-four Three months ended March 31, 2019 Real Estate & Industrial Construction Family Family Consumer Total Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 9,037 $ 6,257 $ 625 $ 2,047 $ 228 $ 748 $ 18,942 Provision/(credit) for loan losses 1,848 (4,077) 22 64 80 32 (2,031) Loans charged-off — (273) — — — (74) (347) Recoveries — 4,270 — — — — 4,270 Total ending allowance balance $ 10,885 $ 6,177 $ 647 $ 2,111 $ 308 $ 706 $ 20,834 Net charge-offs were $138,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020, as compared to net recoveries of $3.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Included in the net recoveries during the three months ended March 31, 2019 were $4.2 million in recoveries related to taxi medallion loans charged-off in 2016 and 2017. The following tables present the balance in the ALLL and the recorded investment in loans by portfolio segment, including the impact of COVID-19 for the first quarter of 2020, based on impairment method as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (in thousands): Commercial Commercial Multi One-to-four COVID-19 At March 31, 2020 Real Estate & Industrial Construction Family Family Consumer Impact Total Allowance for loan losses: Individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 805 $ — $ — $ 60 $ 116 $ — $ 981 Collectively evaluated for impairment 15,891 7,408 549 2,518 131 390 3,056 29,943 Total ending allowance balance $ 15,891 $ 8,213 $ 549 $ 2,518 $ 191 $ 506 $ 3,056 $ 30,924 Loans: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 363 $ 5,801 $ — $ — $ 1,028 $ 369 $ — $ 7,561 Collectively evaluated for impairment 1,729,023 476,386 41,162 379,342 74,582 62,743 — 2,763,238 Total ending loan balance $ 1,729,386 $ 482,187 $ 41,162 $ 379,342 $ 75,610 $ 63,112 $ — $ 2,770,799 Commercial Commercial Multi One-to-four At December 31, 2019 Real Estate & Industrial Construction Family Family Consumer Total Allowance for loan losses: Individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 805 $ — $ — $ 64 $ 311 $ 1,180 Collectively evaluated for impairment 15,317 6,265 411 2,453 203 443 25,092 Total ending allowance balance $ 15,317 $ 7,070 $ 411 $ 2,453 $ 267 $ 754 $ 26,272 Loans: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 367 $ 1,047 $ — $ — $ 3,384 $ 728 $ 5,526 Collectively evaluated for impairment 1,667,869 447,572 30,827 375,611 79,286 71,228 2,672,393 Total ending loan balance $ 1,668,236 $ 448,619 $ 30,827 $ 375,611 $ 82,670 $ 71,956 $ 2,677,919 The following tables present loans individually evaluated for impairment recognized as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (in thousands): Unpaid Principal Allowance for Loan At March 31, 2020 Balance Recorded Investment Losses Allocated With an allowance recorded: One-to-four family $ 626 $ 496 $ 60 Consumer 373 369 116 Commercial & industrial 1,047 1,047 805 Total $ 2,046 $ 1,912 $ 981 Without an allowance recorded: One-to-four family $ 679 $ 532 $ — Commercial real estate 363 363 — Commercial & industrial 4,754 4,754 — Total $ 5,796 $ 5,649 $ — Unpaid Principal Allowance for Loan At December 31, 2019 Balance Recorded Investment Losses Allocated With an allowance recorded: One-to-four family $ 633 $ 503 $ 64 Consumer 731 728 311 Commercial & industrial 1,047 1,047 805 Total $ 2,411 $ 2,278 $ 1,180 Without an allowance recorded: One-to-four family 3,028 $ 2,881 $ — Commercial real estate 367 367 — Total $ 3,395 $ 3,248 $ — The recorded investment in loans excludes accrued interest receivable and loan origination fees. The following tables present the average recorded investment and interest income of loans individually evaluated for impairment recognized by class of loans as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands): Average Recorded Interest Income Three months ended March 31, 2020 Investment Recognized With an allowance recorded: One-to-four family $ 500 $ 5 Consumer 548 5 Commercial & industrial 1,047 — Total $ 2,095 $ 10 Without an allowance recorded: One-to-four family $ 1,706 $ 7 Commercial real estate 365 4 Commercial & industrial 2,377 — Total $ 4,448 $ 11 Average Recorded Interest Income Three months ended March 31, 2019 Investment Recognized With an allowance recorded: One-to-four family $ 263 $ 3 Consumer 97 2 Total $ 360 $ 5 Without an allowance recorded: Commercial real estate $ 381 $ 4 One-to-four family 811 11 Total $ 1,192 $ 15 For a loan to be considered impaired, management determines after review whether it is probable that the Bank will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Management applies its normal loan review procedures in making these judgments. Impaired loans include individually classified non-accrual loans and troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”). Impairment is determined based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate. For loans that are collateral dependent, the fair value of the collateral is used to determine the fair value of the loan. The fair value of the collateral is determined based on recent appraised values. The fair value of the collateral or present value of expected cash flows is compared to the carrying value to determine if any write-down or specific loan loss allowance allocation is required. For discussion on modification of loans to borrowers impacted by COVID-19, refer to the “Troubled Debt Restructuring” section herein. The following tables present the recorded investment in non-accrual loans and loans past due over 90 days and still accruing, by class of loans, as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (in thousands): At March 31, 2020 Non-accrual Loans Past Due Over 90 Days Still Accruing Commercial & industrial $ 5,801 $ 205 One-to-four family — — Consumer 335 — Total $ 6,136 $ 205 At December 31, 2019 Non-accrual Loans Past Due Over 90 Days Still Accruing Commercial & industrial $ 1,047 $ 408 One-to-four family 2,345 — Consumer 693 — Total $ 4,085 $ 408 All TDRs at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were performing in accordance with their restructured terms. Interest income that would have been recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, had non-accrual loans been current according to their original terms, was immaterial. The following tables present the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans by class of loans as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (in thousands): Greater 30-59 60-89 than 90 Total past Current At March 31, 2020 Days Days days due loans Total Commercial real estate $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 1,729,386 $ 1,729,386 Commercial & industrial 379 162 6,006 6,547 475,640 482,187 Construction — — — — 41,162 41,162 Multifamily — — — — 379,342 379,342 One-to-four family — — — — 75,610 75,610 Consumer 102 — 335 437 62,675 63,112 Total $ 481 $ 162 $ 6,341 $ 6,984 $ 2,763,815 $ 2,770,799 Greater 30-59 60-89 than 90 Total past Current At December 31, 2019 Days Days days due loans Total Commercial real estate $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 1,668,236 $ 1,668,236 Commercial & industrial 346 — 1,455 1,801 446,818 448,619 Construction — — — — 30,827 30,827 Multifamily — — — — 375,611 375,611 One-to-four family — — — — 82,670 82,670 Consumer 636 14 693 1,343 70,613 71,956 Total $ 982 $ 14 $ 2,148 $ 3,144 $ 2,674,775 $ 2,677,919 Troubled Debt Restructurings: Loans for which the terms have been modified resulting in a concession, and for which the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties, are considered TDRs and classified as impaired. On March 22, 2020, the banking regulators and the FASB issued guidance to financial institutions who are working with borrowers affected by COVID-19 (“COVID-19 Guidance”). The guidance indicated that regulatory agencies will not criticize institutions for working with borrowers and will not direct banks to automatically categorize all COVID-19 related loan modifications as TDRs. In addition, the COVID-19 Guidance noted that modification or deferral programs mandated by the federal or a state government related to COVID-19 would not be in the scope of Accounting Standards Codification Subtopic 310-40 – Receivables – Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors (“ASC 310-40”), such as a state program that requires all institutions within that state to suspend mortgage payments for a specified period. On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) was signed into law. Section 4013 of the CARES Act, “Temporary Relief from Troubled Debt Restructurings,” allows banks to temporarily suspend certain requirements under GAAP related to TDRs for a limited period of time to account for the effects of COVID-19. A bank may elect to account for modifications on certain loans under Section 4013 of the CARES Act or, if a loan modification is not eligible under Section 4013, a bank may use the criteria in the COVID-19 Guidance to determine when a loan modification is not a TDR in accordance with ASC 310-40. For further details on the COVID-19-specific requests for loan modifications and discussion on the impact of COVID-19 on the Bank, see “Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this Report. All loans classified as TDRs as of March 31, 2020 were restructured prior to the introduction of the COVID-19 Guidance. Loans that have been modified in accordance with the COVID-19 Guidance and the CARES Act, subsequent to March 31, 2020 and as of April 15, 2020, which is the latest practicable date for which the Bank has information, amounted to $401.7 million. Included in impaired loans at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were $1.4 million of loans modified as TDRs. The Bank allocated specific reserves amounting to $60,000 and $80,000 for TDRs as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. There were no loans modified as a TDR during the three months ended March 31, 2020 or the year ended December 31, 2019. The Bank has not committed to lend additional amounts as of March 31, 2020 to customers with outstanding loans that are classified as TDRs. During the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019 there were no payment defaults on any loans previously identified as TDRs. A loan is considered to be in payment default once it is 90 days contractually past due under the modified terms. In order to determine whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, an evaluation is performed of the probability that the borrower will be in payment default on any of its debt in the foreseeable future without the modification. This evaluation is performed under the Bank’s internal underwriting policy. The following tables present the recorded investment in TDRs by class of loans as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (in thousands): March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 Troubled debt restructurings: Real Estate: Commercial real estate $ 363 $ 367 One-to-four family 1,028 1,039 Consumer 34 35 Total troubled debt restructurings $ 1,425 $ 1,441 Credit Quality Indicators: The Bank categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Bank generally analyzes all loans over $500,000, other than one-to-four family and consumer loans, individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk at least annually. For one-to-four family loans and consumer loans, the Bank evaluates credit quality based on the aging status of the loan and by performance status. An analysis is performed on a quarterly basis for loans classified as special mention, substandard, or doubtful. The Bank uses the following definitions for risk ratings: Special Mention - Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the institution’s credit position at some future date. Substandard - Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful - Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. Loans not meeting the criteria above are considered to be pass-rated loans. Based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of loans by class of loans is as follows (in thousands): Special At March 31, 2020 Pass Mention Substandard Doubtful Total Commercial real estate $ 1,729,023 $ 363 $ — $ — $ 1,729,386 Commercial & industrial 476,181 — 4,959 1,047 482,187 Construction 41,162 — — — 41,162 Multifamily 379,342 — — — 379,342 Total $ 2,625,708 $ 363 $ 4,959 $ 1,047 $ 2,632,077 Special At December 31, 2019 Pass Mention Substandard Doubtful Total Commercial real estate $ 1,667,869 $ 367 $ — $ — $ 1,668,236 Commercial & industrial 446,612 — 960 1,047 448,619 Construction 30,827 — — — 30,827 Multi-family 375,611 — — — 375,611 Total $ 2,520,919 $ 367 $ 960 $ 1,047 $ 2,523,293 |