Stock-Based Compensation | 8. Stock-Based Compensation Restricted Stock During the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2016, the Company recognized $14,579 and $17,496 in share-based compen sation expense related to issuance of shares of restricted stock to non-employees (i.e., consultants) in exchange for services . During the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2015, the Company recognized $13,950 and $103,950 in share-based compen sation expense related to issuance of shares of restricted stock to non-employees (i.e., consultants) in exchange for services. Common Stock Warrants In connection with the March 23, 2016 public offering, the Company issued 9,100,000 shares of common stock and warrants to purchase 6,825,000 shares of common stock. Each share of common stock was sold together with a warrant to purchase 0.75 of a share of common stock. The warrants have an exercise price of $1.00 per share and expire five years from the issuance date. The fair value of the common stock warrants as of the issuance date was approximately $2,522,754. As of September 30, 2016, warrants for 2,773,982 shares of common stock issuable at $1.00 per share have been exercised. In connection with our July 23, 2013 initial public offering, the Company issued warrants to the underwriters for 125,000 shares of common stock issuable at $12.50 per share upon exercise. The warrants expire five years from the issuance date. On March 10, 2011, the Company issued warrants to purchase shares of common stock to third parties in consideration for a private equity placement transaction. The warrants have an exercise price of $0.48 per share and expire 10 years from the issuance date. As of September 30, 2016, the Company has issued and outstanding warrants to purchase 4,051,018 shares of common stock issuable at $1.00 per share; warrants to purchase 17,392 shares of common stock issuable at $0.48 per share and warrants to purchase 125,000 shares of common stock issuable at $12.50 per share. Subsequent to September 30, 2016, warrants for 375,000 shares of common stock issuable at $1.00 per share have been exercised. These warrants do not meet the criteria required to be classified as liability awards and therefore are treated as equity awards. Stock Options The following is a summary of the stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2016: Shares Weighted Average Exercise Price Outstanding, December 31, 2015 1,214,686 $ 4.93 Granted 451,339 $ 2.18 Forfeited (446,178 ) $ 1.67 Outstanding, September 30, 2016 1,219,847 $ 4.09 The weighted average grant-date fair value of stock options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was $1.41. The fair value of each stock option was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions for stock options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2016: Dividend yield 0.0 % Expected volatility 73.90 % Risk-free interest rate 1.84 % Expected lives (years) 6.0 The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury interest rates at the time of the grant with a term which is consistent with the expected life of the stock options. The Company used an average historical stock price volatility based on an analysis of reported data for a peer group of comparable companies that have issued stock options with substantially similar terms, as the Company has limited trading history for its common stock. Expected term represents the period that the Companys stock option grants are expected to be outstanding. The Company elected to utilize the simplified method to estimate the expected term. Under this approach, the weighted-average expected life is presumed to be the average of the vesting term and the contractual term of the option. Expected dividend yield was considered to be 0% in the option pricing formula since the Company had not paid any dividends and had no plans to do so in the future. The Company recognized $96,020 and $245,289 in share-based option compensation expense for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively and $434,859 and $942,136 in share-based option compensation expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively for the Companys stock option awards. In addition to share-based option compensation, the Company also recognized $8,150 in common stock compensation expense for one of its employees for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016. The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding at September 30, 2016: Options Outstanding Options Vested and Exercisable Balance as of 9/30/2016 Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) Weighted Average Exercise Price Balance as of 9/30/2016 Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) Weighted Average Exercise Price 1,219,847 7.2 $4.09 823,127 6.2 $4.60 As of September 30, 2016, the unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested stock options was $1,210,028, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 16.6 months. Total stock-based compensation expense, including restricted stock, stock options, and common stock was $118,749 and $259,239 for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively and $460,505 and $1,046,086 for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. |