Cloudflare (NET) 10-K 24 Feb 23 2022 FY Annual report Financial data

Cover Page

Cover Page - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Feb. 10, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-K
Document Annual Report	true
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2022
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-39039
Entity Registrant Name	Cloudflare, Inc.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	27-0805829
Entity Address, Address Line One	101 Townsend Street
Entity Address, City or Town	San Francisco
Entity Address, State or Province	CA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	94107
City Area Code	888
Local Phone Number	993-5273
Title of 12(b) Security	Class A Common Stock, $0.001 par value
Trading Symbol	NET
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	true
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 7,588
Documents Incorporated by Reference	Portions of the registrant's definitive Proxy Statement relating to the 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated herein by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K to the extent stated herein. Such Proxy Statement will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of the registrant's fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.
Amendment Flag	false
Entity Central Index Key	0001477333
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2022
Class A common stock
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		286,973,104
Class B common stock
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		43,351,549

Audit Information

Audit Information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Auditor Information [Abstract]
Auditor Firm ID	185
Auditor Name	KPMG LLP
Auditor Location	Santa Clara, California

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 204,178	$ 313,777
Available-for-sale securities	1,445,759	1,508,066
Accounts receivable, net	148,544	95,543
Contract assets	8,292	6,079
Restricted cash short-term	10,555	2,958
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	70,556	29,433
Total current assets	1,887,884	1,955,856
Property and equipment, net	286,600	183,736
Goodwill	148,047	23,530
Acquired intangible assets, net	32,483	1,254
Operating lease right-of-use assets	132,360	130,314
Deferred contract acquisition costs, noncurrent	93,145	70,320
Restricted cash	471	4,223
Other noncurrent assets	6,918	2,838
Total assets	2,587,908	2,372,071
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	35,607	26,086
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	66,425	38,085
Accrued compensation	42,014	65,905
Operating lease liabilities	33,275	25,175
Liability for early exercise of unvested stock options	1,902	4,651
Deferred revenue	218,647	116,546
Current portion of convertible senior notes, net	0	12,117
Total current liabilities	397,870	288,565
Convertible senior notes, net	1,436,192	1,146,877
Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent	107,624	109,037
Deferred revenue, noncurrent	11,732	4,680
Other noncurrent liabilities	10,526	7,114
Total liabilities	1,963,944	1,556,273
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)
Temporary equity, convertible senior notes	0	4,439
Stockholders’ Equity
Additional paid-in capital	1,475,423	1,494,512
Accumulated deficit	(839,891)	(680,829)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(11,896)	(2,645)
Total stockholders’ equity	623,964	811,359
Total liabilities, temporary equity and stockholders’ equity	2,587,908	2,372,071
Class A common stock
Stockholders’ Equity
Common stock	286	277
Class B common stock
Stockholders’ Equity
Common stock	$ 42	$ 44

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Pa

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Class A common stock
Stockholders’ Equity
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	2,250,000,000	2,250,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	286,560,947	277,707,635
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	286,560,947	277,707,635
Class B common stock
Stockholders’ Equity
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	315,000,000	315,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	43,524,514	45,904,227
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	43,524,514	45,904,227

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPER

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenue	$ 975,241	$ 656,426	$ 431,059
Cost of revenue	232,610	147,134	101,055
Gross profit	742,631	509,292	330,004
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing	465,762	328,065	217,875
Research and development	298,303	189,408	127,144
General and administrative	179,769	119,503	91,753
Total operating expenses	943,834	636,976	436,772
Loss from operations	(201,203)	(127,684)	(106,768)
Non-operating income (expense):
Interest income	14,877	1,970	6,588
Interest expense	(4,984)	(49,234)	(24,964)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	0	(72,234)	0
Other income (expense), net	577	(794)	171
Total non-operating income (expense), net	10,470	(120,292)	(18,205)
Loss before income taxes	(190,733)	(247,976)	(124,973)
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes	2,648	12,333	(5,603)
Net loss	$ (193,381)	$ (260,309)	$ (119,370)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic (in dollars per share)	$ (0.59)	$ (0.83)	$ (0.40)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.59)	$ (0.83)	$ (0.40)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic (in shares)	326,332	312,321	299,774
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, diluted (in shares)	326,332	312,321	299,774

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMP

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (193,381)	$ (260,309)	$ (119,370)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on investments, net of tax	(9,251)	(2,808)	102
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(9,251)	(2,808)	102
Comprehensive loss	$ (202,632)	$ (263,117)	$ (119,268)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOC

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment	Additional paid-in capital	Additional paid-in capital Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment	Accumulated deficit	Accumulated deficit Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment	Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	Class A common stock	Class A common stock Common Stock	Class B common stock	Class B common stock Common Stock
Accounting Standards Update [Extensible List]	Accounting Standards Update 2016-02 [Member]
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2019									87,072,000		213,101,000
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2019	$ 725,828	$ 556	$ 1,027,179		$ (301,706)	$ 556	$ 61		$ 87		$ 207
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock in connection with acquisition (in shares)									107,000
Issuance of common stock in connection with acquisition	$ 1,821		1,821
Issuance of unvested restricted stock in connection with acquisition (in shares)									841,000
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)	4,451,000										4,351,000
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	$ 7,457		7,453								$ 4
Repurchases of unvested common stock (in shares)									(64,000)
Issuance of common stock related to early exercised stock options (in shares)											100,000
Vesting of shares issued upon early exercise of stock options	4,744		4,742								$ 2
Issuance of common stock related to settlement of RSUs (in shares)									487,000		2,446,000
Issuance of common stock related to settlement of RSUs	0		(3)								$ 3
Tax withholding on RSU settlement (in shares)									(10,000)		(418,000)
Tax withholding on RSU settlement	(8,101)		(8,101)
Conversion of Class B to Class A common stock (in shares)									160,341,000		(160,341,000)
Conversion of Class B to Class A common stock	0								$ 161		$ (161)
Equity component of convertible senior notes, net of issuance costs	200,812		200,812
Purchases of capped calls related to convertible senior notes	(67,333)		(67,333)
Common stock issued under employee stock purchase plan (in shares)									640,000
Common stock issued under employee stock purchase plan	10,924		10,923						$ 1
Tax withholding on common stock issued under employee stock purchase plan (in shares)									(13,000)
Tax withholding on common stock issued under employee stock purchase plan	(376)		(376)
Stock-based compensation	59,876		59,876
Net loss	(119,370)				(119,370)				$ (70,955)		$ (48,415)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	102						102
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2020									249,401,000		59,239,000
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2020	816,940		1,236,993		(420,520)		163		$ 249		$ 55
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock in connection with acquisition (in shares)									9,000
Issuance of common stock in connection with acquisition	$ 1,565		1,565
Issuance of unvested restricted stock in connection with acquisition (in shares)									39,000
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)	4,455,000								686,000		3,727,000
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	$ 21,386		21,381						$ 1		$ 4
Repurchases of unvested common stock (in shares)									(75,000)
Issuance of common stock related to early exercised stock options (in shares)											42,000
Vesting of shares issued upon early exercise of stock options	3,879		3,877								$ 2
Issuance of common stock related to settlement of RSUs (in shares)									1,457,000		1,297,000
Issuance of common stock related to settlement of RSUs	(1)		(3)						$ 1		$ 1
Tax withholding on RSU settlement (in shares)											(29,000)
Tax withholding on RSU settlement	(3,634)		(3,634)
Conversion of Class B to Class A common stock (in shares)									18,372,000		(18,372,000)
Conversion of Class B to Class A common stock	0								$ 18		$ (18)
Equity component of convertible senior notes, net of issuance costs	262,077		262,077
Purchases of capped calls related to convertible senior notes	(86,293)		(86,293)
Issuance of common stock in connection with partial repurchase of convertible senior notes (in shares)									7,559,000
Issuance of common stock in connection with partial repurchase of convertible senior notes	920,249		920,241						$ 8
Equity component of extinguishment of convertible senior notes	(965,684)		(965,684)
Temporary equity reclassification	(4,439)		(4,439)
Common stock issued under employee stock purchase plan (in shares)									260,000
Common stock issued under employee stock purchase plan	14,984		14,984
Stock-based compensation	93,447		93,447
Net loss	(260,309)				(260,309)				$ (219,939)		$ (40,370)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(2,808)						(2,808)
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021								277,707,635	277,708,000	45,904,227	45,904,000
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2021	811,359	$ (284,437)	1,494,512	$ (318,756)	(680,829)	$ 34,319	(2,645)		$ 277		$ 44
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock in connection with acquisition (in shares)									522,000
Issuance of common stock in connection with acquisition	$ 65,505		65,504						$ 1
Issuance of unvested restricted stock in connection with acquisition (in shares)									52,000
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)	2,484,000								249,000		2,194,000
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	$ 10,000		9,998								$ 2
Repurchases of unvested common stock (in shares)									(1,000)
Issuance of common stock related to early exercised stock options (in shares)											41,000
Vesting of shares issued upon early exercise of stock options	2,862		2,861								$ 1
Issuance of common stock related to settlement of RSUs (in shares)									1,723,000		1,125,000
Issuance of common stock related to settlement of RSUs	0		(3)						$ 2		$ 1
Tax withholding on RSU settlement (in shares)											(32,000)
Tax withholding on RSU settlement	(2,483)		(2,483)
Conversion of Class B to Class A common stock (in shares)									5,707,000		(5,707,000)
Conversion of Class B to Class A common stock	0								$ 6		$ (6)
Issuance of common stock in connection with partial repurchase of convertible senior notes (in shares)									299,000
Issuance of common stock in connection with partial repurchase of convertible senior notes	(201)		(201)
Common stock issued under employee stock purchase plan (in shares)									302,000
Common stock issued under employee stock purchase plan	15,291		15,291
Stock-based compensation	208,700		208,700
Net loss	(193,381)				(193,381)				$ (167,770)		$ (25,611)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(9,251)						(9,251)
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022								286,560,947	286,561,000	43,524,514	43,525,000
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 623,964		$ 1,475,423		$ (839,891)		$ (11,896)		$ 286		$ 42

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Cash Flows From Operating Activities
Net loss	$ (193,381)	$ (260,309)	$ (119,370)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization expense	102,335	66,607	49,387
Non-cash operating lease costs	36,332	25,091	19,765
Amortization of deferred contract acquisition costs	45,115	29,267	17,324
Stock-based compensation expense	202,777	90,137	56,334
Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs	4,659	46,174	21,629
Net accretion of discounts and amortization of premiums on available-for-sale securities	(263)	8,357	1,642
Deferred income taxes	(140)	8,738	(6,145)
Provision for bad debt	4,828	3,804	3,368
Loss on extinguishment of debt	0	72,234	0
Exchange of convertible senior notes attributable to the accreted interest related to debt discount	0	(29,353)	0
Other	629	511	1
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effect of acquisitions:
Accounts receivable, net	(56,195)	(35,848)	(33,000)
Contract assets	(2,213)	(2,541)	(1,475)
Deferred contract acquisition costs	(67,940)	(55,411)	(36,315)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(7,701)	(2,395)	(11,634)
Other noncurrent assets	(539)	1,534	(2,268)
Accounts payable	(9,605)	2,462	1,690
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	(5,363)	58,897	17,075
Operating lease liabilities	(31,691)	(23,071)	(20,718)
Deferred revenue	102,204	64,390	25,189
Other noncurrent liabilities	(253)	(4,627)	392
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	123,595	64,648	(17,129)
Cash Flows From Investing Activities
Purchases of property and equipment	(143,606)	(92,986)	(56,375)
Capitalized internal-use software	(19,758)	(14,752)	(18,587)
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(88,187)	(5,605)	(13,941)
Purchases of available-for-sale securities	(1,132,951)	(1,589,265)	(1,267,015)
Sales of available-for-sale securities	0	25,714	0
Maturities of available-for-sale securities	1,148,770	967,519	840,248
Other investing activities	36	53	397
Net cash used in investing activities	(235,696)	(709,322)	(515,273)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities
Gross proceeds from issuance of convertible senior notes	0	1,293,750	575,000
Purchases of capped calls related to convertible senior notes	0	(86,293)	(67,333)
Cash consideration paid in exchange of convertible senior debt	0	(370,647)	0
Cash paid for issuance costs on convertible senior notes	0	(19,797)	(12,542)
Repayments of convertible senior notes	(16,571)	0	0
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options	10,000	21,385	7,457
Proceeds from the early exercise of stock options	113	115	241
Repurchases of unvested common stock	(3)	(189)	(157)
Payments on note payable	0	0	(200)
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock for employee stock purchase plan	15,291	14,984	10,923
Payment of indemnity holdback	0	(2,188)	0
Net cash provided by financing activities	6,347	847,486	504,912
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	(105,754)	202,812	(27,490)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of period	320,958	118,146	145,636
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period	215,204	320,958	118,146
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information:
Cash paid for interest	1,238	3,634	2,192
Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds	2,223	1,546	702
Cash paid for operating lease liabilities	28,881	22,765	20,895
Supplemental Disclosure of Non-cash Investing and Financing Activities:
Stock-based compensation capitalized for software development	5,452	3,212	3,423
Accounts payable and accrued expenses related to property and equipment additions	28,979	13,544	3,052
Vesting of early exercised stock options	2,862	3,878	4,744
Indemnity holdback consideration associated with business combinations	10,483	0	2,187
Issuance of common stock related to an acquisition	65,504	1,565	1,821
Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities	33,137	109,821	9,893
Derecognition of build-to-suit lease	0	0	9,886
Issuance of common stock for exchange of convertible senior notes	0	920,249	0
Outstanding and unsettled restricted stock units (RSUs)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities
Payment of tax withholding obligation	(2,483)	(3,634)	(8,101)
Shares issuable pursuant to the ESPP
Cash Flows From Financing Activities
Payment of tax withholding obligation	$ 0	$ 0	$ (376)

Organization and Basis of Prese

Organization and Basis of Presentation	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Organization and Basis of Presentation	Organization and Basis of Presentation Organization and Description of Business Cloudflare, Inc. (the Company, Cloudflare, we, us, or our) is a global cloud services provider that delivers a broad range of services to businesses of all sizes and in all geographies, making them more secure, enhancing the performance of their business-critical applications, and eliminating the cost and complexity of managing individual network hardware. Cloudflare’s network serves as a scalable, easy-to-use, unified control plane to deliver security, performance, and reliability across on-premises, hybrid, cloud, and software-as-a-service (SaaS) applications. The Company was incorporated in Delaware in July 2009. The Company is headquartered in San Francisco, California. Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (U.S. GAAP) and include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company’s fiscal year ends on December 31. Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. Such estimates include, but are not limited to, allowance for doubtful accounts, deferred contract acquisitions costs, the period of benefit generated from the Company’s deferred contract acquisition costs, the capitalization and estimated useful life of internal-use software, valuation of acquired intangible assets, the assessment of recoverability of intangible assets and their estimated useful lives, useful lives of property and equipment, the determination of the incremental borrowing rate used for operating lease liabilities, the valuation and recognition of stock-based compensation awards, uncertain tax positions, and the recognition and measurement of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities. Management bases these estimates and assumptions on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable. Due in part to the Russia-Ukraine conflict and other macroeconomic and geopolitical conditions, there is ongoing uncertainty and significant disruption in the global economy and financial markets. The Company is not aware of any specific event or circumstance that would require an update to its estimates or assumptions or a revision of the carrying value of its assets or liabilities as of February 24, 2023, the date of issuance of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. These estimates and assumptions may change in the future, however, as new events occur and additional information is obtained . Actual results could differ materially from these estimates.

Summary of Significant Accounti

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Concentrations of Risks The Company’s revenue is reliant on its customers utilizing Internet-based services. These services can be prone to rapid changes in technology and government regulation. If the Company were unable to keep pace with customers’ needs and continue to improve its technological capabilities, or if another firm were to introduce competitive products, or a government jurisdiction were to enact legislation detrimental to the Company’s business, such an event or events could adversely affect the Company’s operating results. The Company serves its customers from co-location facilities located in various cities and countries around the world. The Company has internal procedures to restore services in the event of disasters at its current co-location facilities. Even with these procedures for disaster recovery in place, the Company’s services could be significantly interrupted during the implementation of restoration procedures. The Company’s financial instruments that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, available-for-sale securities, and accounts receivable. Although the Company maintains cash deposits and cash equivalent balances with multiple financial institutions, the deposits, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. Cash and cash equivalents may be withdrawn or redeemed on demand. The Company believes that the financial institutions that hold its cash and cash equivalents and available-for-sale securities are financially sound and, accordingly, minimal credit risk exists with respect to these balances. The Company also maintains investments in U.S. treasury securities, U.S. government agency securities, commercial paper, and corporate bonds that carry high credit ratings and accordingly, minimal credit risk exists with respect to these balances. Cash equivalents consist of money market funds, commercial paper, and corporate bonds which are invested through financial institutions in the United States. The Company’s accounts receivable are derived from net revenue to customers located throughout the world. The Company grants credit to its customers in the normal course of business. For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, no customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s revenue. No customer represented 10% or more of accounts receivable, net as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. Revenue Recognition In accordance with ASC 606, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised services. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration that the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for these services. To achieve this standard, the Company applies the following five steps: 1. Identify the contract with a customer 2. Identify the performance obligations in the contract 3. Determine the transaction price 4. Allocate the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract 5. Recognize revenue when or as the Company satisfies a performance obligation The Company generates sales directly through its sales team and through its channel partners. Revenue from sales to channel partners are recorded once all revenue recognition criteria above are met. Channel partners generally receive an order from an end-customer prior to placing an order with the Company. Payment from channel partners is not contingent on the partner’s collection from end-customers. The Company’s performance obligation primarily consists of subscription and support services that are provided over the same service period. Variable Consideration If the Company’s services do not meet certain service level commitments, its customers are entitled to receive service credits, and in certain cases, refunds, each representing a form of variable consideration. Revenue from sales is recorded at the net sales price, which is the transaction price, and includes estimates of these forms of variable consideration to the extent that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue is probable to not occur in a future period. The Company has historically not experienced any incidents that had a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. Accordingly, any estimated refunds related to these agreements in the consolidated financial statements are not material during the periods presented. Usage-based consideration is primarily related to fees charged for the Company’s customer’s use of excess bandwidth when accessing the Company’s network and products in a given period and is recognized as revenue in the period in which the usage occurs. Subscription and Support Revenue The Company generates revenue primarily from sales to its customers of subscriptions to access its network and products, together with related support services. Arrangements with customers generally do not provide the customer with the right to take possession of the Company’s software operating its global network and products at any time. Instead, customers are granted continuous access to the Company’s global network and products over the contractual period. Access to the Company’s network and products is considered a monthly series comprising one performance obligation. A time-elapsed output method is used to measure progress because the Company transfers control evenly over the contractual period. Accordingly, the fixed consideration related to subscription and support revenue is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract term beginning on the date that the Company’s service is made available to the customer. Usage-based consideration is primarily related to fees charged for the Company’s customer’s use of excess bandwidth when accessing the Company’s network and products in a given period and is recognized as revenue in the period in which the usage occurs. The subscription and support term contracts for the Company’s contracted customers, typically range from one Costs to Obtain and Fulfill a Contract The Company capitalizes sales commission and associated payroll taxes paid to internal sales personnel that are incremental to the acquisition of channel partner and direct customer contracts. These costs are recorded as deferred contract acquisition costs on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company determines whether costs should be deferred based on its sales compensation plans, if the commissions are in fact incremental and would not have occurred absent the customer contract. Sales commissions for renewal of a contract are not considered commensurate with the commissions paid for the acquisition of the initial contract. Commissions paid upon the initial acquisition of a contract are amortized over an estimated period of benefit of three years while commissions paid for renewal contracts are amortized over the contractual term of the renewals. Amortization of deferred contract acquisition costs is recognized on a straight-line basis commensurate with the pattern of revenue recognition and included in sales and marketing expense in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company determines the period of benefit for commissions paid for the acquisition of the initial contract by taking into consideration the expected subscription term and expected renewals of its customer contracts, the duration of its relationships with its customers, customer retention data, its technology development lifecycle, and other factors. The Company periodically reviews the carrying amount of deferred contract acquisition costs to determine whether events or changes in circumstances have occurred that could impact the period of benefit of these deferred costs. Accounts Receivable and Allowance Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and are non-interest bearing. Accounts receivable are stated at their net realizable value, net of a sales allowance and an allowance for doubtful accounts. Credit is extended to customers based on an evaluation of their financial condition and other factors. The Company establishes a sales allowance at the time of revenue recognition based on its history of adjustments and credits provided to customers. In determining the necessary allowance for doubtful accounts, the Company considers the current aging and financial condition of its customers, the amount of receivables in dispute, and current payment patterns. Accounts receivable are written off against the allowance when management determines a balance is uncollectible and the Company no longer actively pursues collection of the receivable. The Company does not have any off-balance-sheet credit exposure related to its customers. Cost of Revenue Cost of revenue consists primarily of expenses that are directly related to providing the Company's service to its paying customers. These expenses include expenses related to operating in co-location facilities, network and bandwidth costs, depreciation of the Company's equipment located in co-location facilities, certificate authority services costs for paying customers, related overhead costs, the amortization of the Company's capitalized internal-use software, and the amortization of acquired developed technologies. Cost of revenue also includes employee-related costs, including salaries, bonuses, benefits, and stock-based compensation for employees whose primary responsibilities relate to supporting the Company's paying customers and delivering paid customer support. Other costs included in cost of revenue include credit card fees related to processing customer transactions and allocated overhead costs. Research and Development The Company charges costs related to research, design, and development of products to research and development expense in the consolidated statements of operations as incurred. Research and development expenses support the Company's efforts to add new features to its existing offerings and to ensure the security, performance, and reliability of its global network. The majority of the Company's research and development expenses result from employee-related costs, including salaries, bonuses and benefits, consulting costs, depreciation of equipment used in research and development, and allocated overhead costs. Advertising Expense Advertising costs are charged to sales and marketing expense in the consolidated statements of operations as incurred. Advertising expense for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 was $43.5 million, $36.2 million, and $25.0 million, respectively. Stock-based Compensation The Company measures and recognizes stock-based compensation expense based on the grant date fair value of the awards. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur. The grant date fair value of restricted stock units (RSUs) is estimated based on the fair value of the Company's underlying common stock. The grant date fair value of stock options with service-based vesting only is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The grant date fair value of stock options with market conditions is estimated using the Monte Carlo simulation pricing model. The grant date fair value and the stock-based compensation expense related to purchase rights issued under the 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP) is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and is based on the estimated number of awards as of the beginning of the offering period, respectively. The Black-Scholes and Monte Carlo simulation option pricing models require the use of highly subjective assumptions, including the award’s expected term, the fair value of the underlying common stock, the expected volatility of the price of the common stock, risk-free interest rates, and the expected dividend yield of the common stock. The assumptions used to determine the fair value of the stock-based awards are management’s best estimates and involve inherent uncertainties and the application of judgment. The expected term represents the period that the Company’s stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding. As the Company does not have sufficient historical experience for determining the expected term of the stock option awards granted, it has based its expected term on the simplified method available under U.S. GAAP. The grant date fair value of RSUs is estimated based on the fair value of the Company's underlying common stock. Stock-based compensation expense for awards with service-based vesting only is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the awards, which is generally four years. The assumptions used to determine the fair value of the stock-based awards are management’s best estimates and involve inherent uncertainties and the application of judgment. The expected term represents the period that the Company’s stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding. As the Company does not have sufficient historical experience for determining the expected term of the stock option awards granted, it has based its expected term on the simplified method available under U.S. GAAP. Stock-based compensation expense for awards with service-based vesting only is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the awards, which is generally four years. Stock-based compensation expense for awards with service and market conditions is recognized on a graded attribution basis over the requisite service period of the awards as derived from the Monte Carlo simulation pricing model. Prior to the initial public offering of the Company's Class A common stock in 2019 (IPO), the fair value of the Company's common stock for financial reporting purposes was determined considering numerous objective and subjective factors and required judgment to determine the fair value of common stock as of each grant date. Subsequent to the IPO, the Company determines the fair value using the market closing price of its Class A common stock on the date of grant. Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Deferred income taxes are recognized by applying the enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years to differences between the carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the period that includes the enactment date. The measurement of deferred tax assets is reduced, when necessary, by a valuation allowance to amounts that are more likely than not to be realized. The Company recognizes tax benefits from uncertain tax positions only if it believes that it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position. Foreign Currency Remeasurement The Company's functional currency of its foreign subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar. The monetary assets and liabilities that are denominated in a currency other than the U.S. dollar of the Company's foreign subsidiaries are remeasured into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date, while nonmonetary items are remeasured at historical rates. Revenue and expenses are remeasured at average exchange rates during the period. Transaction gains and losses that arise from exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are included in other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company recognized a remeasurement gain of $2.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 and remeasurement losses of $0.4 million and $0.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with an original maturity from the date of purchase of 90 days or less. Restricted Cash The Company's restricted cash at December 31, 2022 is primarily related to indemnity holdback consideration associated with business combinations. Restrictions typically lapse at the end of the holdback term, and the Company classifies restricted cash as current or non-current based on the remaining term of the restriction. The Company's restricted cash at December 31, 2021 is primarily related to securing letters of credit in connection with our operating leases. Restrictions typically lapse at the end of the lease term, and the Company classifies restricted cash as current or non-current based on the remaining term of the restriction. Available-for-sale Securities The Company’s available-for-sale securities consist of U.S. treasury securities, U.S. government agency securities, commercial paper, and corporate bonds. The Company has designated all securities held by it as available-for-sale and therefore, such securities are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss on the consolidated balance sheets. For securities sold prior to maturity, the cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. Realized gains and losses on the sale of available-for-sale securities are recorded in other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations. A ll securities are classified within current assets as such securities can be liquidated to fund current operations without penalty. Other-than-temporary Impairment All of the Company’s investments are subject to a periodic impairment review. The Company recognizes an impairment charge when a decline in the fair value of its investments below the cost basis is determined to be other-than-temporary. Factors considered in determining whether a loss is temporary include the extent and length of time the investment’s fair value has been lower than its cost basis, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the investee, the extent of the loss related to credit of the issuer, the expected cash flows from the security, the Company’s intent to sell the security, and whether or not the Company will be required to sell the security prior to the expected recovery of the investment’s amortized cost basis. No such impairment charges were recorded during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020. Fair Value Measurements The Company's available-for-sale securities are recorded at fair value. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash are recorded at cost, which approximates fair value. Additionally, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximates fair value due to their short-term nature. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which is generally as follows: Useful Lives Servers—network infrastructure 4 years Buildings 30 years Office and computer equipment 3 years Office furniture 3 years Software 3 years Leasehold improvements Lesser of useful life or term of lease Asset retirement obligation Lesser of useful life or term of lease Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Capitalized Internal-Use Software Development Costs Certain development costs related to the Company’s global network and products during the application development stage are capitalized. Costs incurred in the preliminary stages of development are analogous to research and development activities and are expensed as incurred. The preliminary stage includes such activities as conceptual formulation of alternatives, evaluation of alternatives, determination of existence of needed technology, and final selection of alternatives. Once the application development stage is reached, internal and external costs are capitalized until the software is substantially complete and ready for its intended use. Capitalized costs are recorded as part of property and equipment, net. Capitalized internal-use software is amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life, which is generally three years, and is recorded as cost of revenue in the consolidated statements of operations. Business Combinations The Company includes the results of operations of the businesses that the Company acquires from the date of acquisition. The fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed is based on their estimated fair values as of the respective date of acquisition. Upon early adoption of Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers , effective January 1, 2022, the Company measures and recognizes contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination on the acquisition date in accordance with ASC 606. Refer to Recent Accounting Pronouncements sub-section below for further detail of the adoption of ASU 2021-08. The excess purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recorded as goodwill. Where the purchase price is less than the fair value of the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed, the difference is recorded as a bargain purchase gain. Determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed requires significant judgment and estimates including the selection of valuation methodologies, future expected cash flows, discount rates, and useful lives. The Company’s estimates of fair value are based on assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and, as a result, actual results may differ from estimates. During the measurement period, not to exceed one year from the date of acquisition, the Company may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with a corresponding offset to goodwill. At the conclusion of the measurement period, or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are reflected in the consolidated statements of operations. When the Company issues payments or grants of equity to selling stockholders in connection with an acquisition, the Company evaluates whether the payments or awards are compensatory. This evaluation includes whether cash payments or stock award vesting is contingent on the continued employment of the selling stockholder beyond the acquisition date. If continued employment is required for the cash to be paid or stock awards to vest, the award is treated as compensation for post-acquisition services and is recognized as compensation expense. Transaction costs associated with business combinations are expensed as incurred, and are included in general and administrative expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. Convertible Senior Notes Prior to January 1, 2022, the Company accounted for its 0.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2025 (the 2025 Notes) and its 0.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 (the 2026 Notes and together with the 2025 Notes, the Notes) as separate liability and equity components. On issuance, the carrying amount of the liability component was calculated by measuring the fair value of a similar debt instrument that did not have an associated convertible feature. The carrying amount of the equity component, representing the conversion option, was calculated by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the total principal of the Notes. The excess of the principal amount of the liability component over its book value (debt discount) is amortized to interest expense over the term of the Notes. In accounting for the issuance costs related to the Notes, the allocation of issuance costs incurred between the liability and equity components was based on their relative values. Issuance costs attributable to the liability component are being amortized over the contractual term of the Notes. Effective January 1, 2022, the Company adopted ASU 2020-06. As a result, the Notes are each accounted for as a single liability measured at its amortized cost, as no other embedded features require bifurcation and recognition as derivatives, thereby eliminating the subsequent amortization of the debt discount as interest expense. For further details on the ASU 2020-06 adoption, refer to Recent Accounting Pronouncements section below. Transactions involving contemporaneous exchanges of cash between the same debtor and creditor in connection with the issuance of a new debt obligation and satisfaction of an existing debt obligation by the debtor are evaluated as a modification or an exchange transaction depending on whether the exchange is determined to have substantially different terms. For exchange transactions that are considered an extinguishment of debt, the total consideration for such an exchange is separated into liability and equity components by estimating the fair value of a similar liability without a conversion option and assigning the residual value to the equity component. The gain or loss on extinguishment of the debt is subsequently determined by comparing repurchase consideration allocated to the liability component to the sum of the carrying value of the liability component, net of the proportionate amounts of unamortized debt discount and remaining unamortized debt issuance costs. Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of an acquired business over the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired. The carrying amount of goodwill is reviewed for impairment at least annually, in the fourth quarter, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had a single operating segment and reporting unit structure. As part of the annual goodwill impairment test, the Company first performs a qualitative assessment to determine whether further impairment testing is necessary. If, as a result of the qualitative assessment, it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the quantitative impairment test will be required. If the Company has determined it necessary to perform a quantitative impairment assessment, the Company will compare the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount and recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, limited to the total amount of goodwill of the reporting unit. The Company did not recognize any goodwill impairment charges for any of the periods presented. Intangible assets are carried at cost, net of accumulated amortization. Intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. The Company estimates the useful life by estimating the expected period of economic benefit. The estimated useful life of the Company’s acquired developed technology and trade name intangible assets is two years and the estimated useful life of the Company's acquired customer relations intangible assets is eight years. Indefinite lived intangibles are assessed annually for impairment, which includes an assessment of whether there were any triggering events that required an impairment assessment of the Company’s definite lived intangible assets, and whether it was more likely than not that the Company’s indefinite lived intangible asset was impaired. The Company performed an evaluation for impairment and determined there were no impairments for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company evaluates long-lived assets, which include depreciable tangible assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of long-lived assets may not be recoverable. The recoverability of these assets is measured by comparing the carrying amounts to the future undiscounted cash flows these assets are expected to generate. The Company recognizes an impairment in the event the carrying amount of such assets exceeds the fair value attributable to such assets. There were no events or changes in circumstances that indicated the long-lived assets were impaired during any of the periods presented. Operating Leases The Company enters into lease arrangements for real estate assets related to office space and for co-location assets related to space and equipment located in co-location facilities. The Company determines if an arrangement is, or contains, a lease at its inception by assessing whether there is an identified asset and whether the arrangement conveys the right to control the use of the identified asset in exchange for consideration for a period of time. All of the Company's leases are classified as operating leases. At lease commencement, the Company recognizes right-of-use assets, operating lease liabilities, and operating lease liabilities, noncurrent in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, with the exception of short-term leases with an original term of 12 months or less. Right-of-use assets represent the Company's right to use an underlying asset for the lease term including any renewal options that it is reasonably certain to exercise. The Company generally uses the base, non-cancelable lease term when initially recognizing the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities, unless it is reasonably certain that a renewal or termination option will be exercised. A lease may be modified subsequent to its initial measurement for changes in reasonably certain holding period related to significant events. Such events include, but are not limited to, significant leasehold improvements, and points in time when the Company elects to exercise an option that it was not previously reasonably certain to exercise. Operating lease liabilities represent the present value of the Company's obligation to make payments arising from the lease. Right-of-use assets are initially measured based on the corresponding lease liability adjusted for ( i) payments made to the lessor at or before the commencement date, (ii) initial direct costs incurred and (iii) tenant incentives received, incurred or payable under the lease. Right-of-use assets are periodically reviewed for impairment. Lease liabilities are initially measured at the present value of total minimum lease payments not yet paid. As the implicit rate of the Company's leases is not determinable, the Company uses an incremental borrowing rate (IBR) based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. Minimum lease payments consist of the fixed payments under the arrangement and variable payments that depend on an underlying index or rate, less any lease incentives such as tenant improvement allowanc es not yet received at commencement date. Variable lease costs that do not depend on an index or a rate are expensed as incurred and not included within the calculation of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities. The Company's operating lease arrangements contain both lease and non-lease components. At inception of an arrangement for co-location assets related to space and equipment located in co-location facilities, the Company allocates the consideration to the lease and non-lease components and recognizes a right-of-use asset and corresponding lease liability for only the lease components. Lease expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Legal Contingencies The Company accrues a liability for an estimated loss for legal contingencies if the potential loss from any claim or legal proceeding is considered probable, and the amount can be reasonably estimated. The Company believes there are no legal proceedings pending that could have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on its results of operations or financial condition. Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders Basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is presented in conformity with the two-class method required for multiple classes of common stock and participating securities. The Company considers any shares issued on the early exercise of stock options subject to repurchase to be participating securities because holders of such shares have nonforfeitable dividend rights in the event a dividend is paid on common stock. Under the two-class method, net income is attributed to common stockholders and participating securities

Revenue

Revenue	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Revenue	Revenue Disaggregation of Revenue Subscription and support revenue is recognized over time and accounted for substantially all of the Company’s revenue for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020. The following table summarizes the revenue by region based on the billing address of customers who have contracted to use the Company’s global network and products: Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 (dollars in thousands) Amount Percentage Amount Percentage Amount Percentage United States $ 515,722 53 % $ 342,578 52 % $ 218,191 51 % Europe, Middle East, and Africa 258,291 26 % 172,129 26 % 109,274 25 % Asia Pacific 133,353 14 % 96,537 15 % 76,177 18 % Other 67,875 7 % 45,182 7 % 27,417 6 % Total $ 975,241 100 % $ 656,426 100 % $ 431,059 100 % The following table summarizes the revenue from contracts by type of customer: Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 (dollars in thousands) Amount Percentage Amount Percentage Amount Percentage Channel partners $ 122,522 13 % $ 73,802 11 % $ 45,300 11 % Direct customers 852,719 87 % 582,624 89 % 385,759 89 % Total $ 975,241 100 % $ 656,426 100 % $ 431,059 100 % Contract Balances Contract liabilities consist of deferred revenue and include payments received in advance of performance under the contract. Such amounts are recognized as revenue over the contractual period. For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 the Company recognized revenue of $116.0 million, $55.3 million, and $31.3 million, respectively, that was included in the corresponding contract liability balance at the beginning of the periods presented. The Company receives payments from customers based upon contractual billing schedules; accounts receivable are recorded when the right to consideration becomes unconditional. Standard payment terms are due upon receipt. Contract assets include amounts related to the Company’s contractual right to consideration for both completed and partially completed performance obligations that have not been invoiced. The following table summarizes the activity of the deferred contract acquisition costs: Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 (in thousands) Beginning balance $ 70,320 $ 44,176 $ 25,184 Capitalization of contract acquisition costs 67,940 55,411 36,316 Amortization of deferred contract acquisition costs (45,115) (29,267) (17,324) Ending balance $ 93,145 $ 70,320 $ 44,176 The Company did not recognize any impairment losses of deferred contract acquisition costs during the periods presented. Remaining Performance Obligations As of December 31, 2022, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations was $906.5 million. As of December 31, 2022, the Company expected to recognize 74% of its remaining performance obligations as revenue over the next 12 months with the remainder recognized thereafter.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Fair Value Measurements	Fair Value Measurements Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received from sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified into the following categories: • Level I: Observable inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; • Level II: Observable inputs are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the assets or liabilities, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instruments; and • Level III: Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. These inputs are based on the Company’s own assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value and require significant management judgment or estimation. The Company's cash equivalents and restricted cash are comprised of highly liquid money market funds. The Company classifies money market funds within Level I of the fair value hierarchy because they are valued based on quoted market prices in active markets. The Company classifies its investments, which are comprised of U.S. treasury securities, U.S. government agency securities, commercial paper, and corporate bonds, within Level II of the fair value hierarchy because the fair value of these securities is priced by using inputs based on non-binding market consensus prices that are primarily corroborated by observable market data or quoted market prices for similar instruments. The Company recognizes transfers between levels within the fair value hierarchy, if any, at the end of each period. There were no transfers between levels during the periods presented. The following table summarizes the Company’s cash and available-for-sale securities’ amortized cost, unrealized gains (losses), and fair value by significant investment category reported as cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash short-term, restricted cash, or available-for-sale securities as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. (in thousands) Reported as: December 31, 2022 Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Fair Value Cash & Cash Equivalents Available-for-sale Securities Restricted Cash (Current and Non-Current) Cash $ 87,719 $ — $ — $ 87,719 $ 77,164 $ — $ 10,555 Level I: Money market funds 125,450 — — 125,450 124,979 — 471 Level II: Corporate bonds 258,617 46 (2,621) 256,042 2,035 254,007 — U.S. treasury securities 818,379 20 (9,233) 809,166 — 809,166 — U.S. government agency securities 25,283 — (31) 25,252 — 25,252 — Commercial paper 357,334 — — 357,334 — 357,334 — Subtotal 1,459,613 66 (11,885) 1,447,794 2,035 1,445,759 — Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis $ 1,672,782 $ 66 $ (11,885) $ 1,660,963 $ 204,178 $ 1,445,759 $ 11,026 (in thousands) Reported as: December 31, 2021 Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Fair Value Cash & Cash Equivalents Available-for-sale Securities Restricted Cash (Current and Non-Current) Cash $ 64,542 $ — $ — $ 64,542 $ 64,021 $ — $ 521 Level I: Money market funds 253,075 — — 253,075 246,415 — 6,660 Level II: Corporate bonds 202,774 16 (289) 202,501 3,341 199,160 — U.S. treasury securities 960,278 2 (2,298) 957,982 — 957,982 — U.S. government agency securities — — — — — — — Commercial paper 350,924 — — 350,924 — 350,924 — Subtotal 1,513,976 18 (2,587) 1,511,407 3,341 1,508,066 — Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis $ 1,831,593 $ 18 $ (2,587) $ 1,829,024 $ 313,777 $ 1,508,066 $ 7,181 Included in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the December 31, 2022 consolidated balance sheet is $37.5 million of proceeds receivable resulting from maturities of US government agency securities that were initiated on December 31, 2022 and settled on January 3, 2023. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had $11.0 million in total restricted cash, mainly related to $10.5 million of indemnity holdback consideration associated with business combinations. For further details on the indemnity holdback, refer to Note 13 to these consolidated financial statements. As of December 31, 2021, the Company had $7.2 million in total restricted cash, mainly related to $6.7 million of irrevocable standby letters of credit established according to the requirements under lease agreements The aggregate fair value of the Company’s money market funds approximated amortized cost and, as such, there were no unrealized gains or losses on money market funds as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. The Company had no realized gains or losses, net of tax, for the year ended December 31, 2022. Realized gains and losses, net of tax, were not material for December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The amortized cost of available-for-sale investments with maturities less than one year wa s $1,251.6 million and $966.3 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The amortized cost of available-for-sale investments with maturities greater than one year was $205.9 million and $544.4 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, net unrealized loss on investments were $11.9 million and were included in accumulated other comprehensive income on the consolidated balance sheet. As of December 31, 2021, net unrealized loss on investments were $2.7 million net of tax and were included in accumulated other comprehensive income on the consolidated balance sheet. The unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale investments are related to U.S. treasury securities, U.S. government agency securities, commercial paper, and corporate bonds. The Company determined any unrealized losses to be temporary. Factors considered in determining whether a loss is temporary include the financial condition and near-term prospects of the investee, the extent of the loss related to the credit of the issuer, the expected cash flows from the security, the Company’s intent to sell the security, and whether or not the Company will be required to sell the security before the recovery of its amortized cost. As of December 31, 2022, the Company's investment portfolio consisted of investment grade securities with an average credit rating of AA. The Company carries the 2026 Notes issued in August 2021 at face value less the unamortized issuance costs on its consolidated balance sheets and presents that fair value for disclosure purposes only. As of December 31, 2022, the fair value of the 2026 Notes was $1,063.0 million. The fair value of the 2026 Notes, which are classified as Level II financial instruments, was determined based on the quoted bid prices of the 2026 Notes in an over-the-counter market on the last trading day of the reporting period. The Company carries the 2025 Notes issued in May 2020 at face value less the unamortized issuance costs on its consolidated balance sheets and presents that fair value for disclosure purposes only. As of December 31, 2022 , the fair value of the 2025 Notes was $223.3 million. The fair value of the 2025 Notes, which are classified as Level II financial instruments, was determined based on the quoted bid prices of the 2025 Notes in an over-the-counter market on the last trading day of the reporting period. For further details on the Notes, refer to Note 7 to these consolidated financial statements. The Company classifies financial instruments in Level III of the fair value hierarchy when there is reliance on at least one significant unobservable input to the valuation model. In addition to these unobservable inputs, the valuation models for Level III financial instruments typically also rely on a number of inputs that are readily observable, either directly or indirectly. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires management to make judgments and consider factors specific to the asset or liability. There were no financial instruments classified as Level III of the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

Balance Sheet Components

Balance Sheet Components	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Balance Sheet Components	Balance Sheet Components Accounts Receivable, Net Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and are non-interest bearing. Accounts receivable are stated at their net realizable value, net of a sales allowance and an allowance for doubtful accounts. Activity in the allowance for doubtful accounts was as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 (in thousands) Beginning balance $ 2,644 $ 1,703 $ 533 Provision for bad debt 4,836 3,735 3,368 Write-off of uncollectible accounts receivable (4,346) (2,794) (2,198) Ending balance $ 3,134 $ 2,644 $ 1,703 Property and Equipment, Net Property and equipment, net consisted of the following: December 31, 2022 2021 (in thousands) Property and equipment: Servers—network infrastructure $ 239,828 $ 151,462 Construction in progress 72,827 41,424 Capitalized internal-use software 88,541 63,331 Office and computer equipment 30,577 24,451 Office furniture 6,547 5,927 Software 5,962 4,032 Leasehold improvements 20,392 12,892 Asset retirement obligation 827 430 Gross property and equipment 465,501 303,949 Less accumulated depreciation and amortization (178,901) (120,213) Total property and equipment, net $ 286,600 $ 183,736 Depreciation and amortization expense on property and equipment for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 was $84.8 million, $62.3 million, and $45.9 million, respectively. This includes amortization expense for capitalized internal-use software which totaled $20.2 million, $17.9 million, and $12.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. Goodwill As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company's goodwill was $148.0 million and $23.5 million, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2022 , the Company recorded $5.0 million and $120.8 million of goodwill in connection with the acquisitions of Vectrix Security, Inc. (Vectrix) and Area 1 Security, Inc. (Area 1), respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recorded $6.4 million of goodwill in connection with the acquisition of Zaraz, Inc. (Zaraz). The Company recorded immaterial purchase accounting adjustments to Vectrix, Area 1, and Zaraz, to revise purchase consideration and goodwill during the year ended December 31, 2022. For further details on these acquisitions, refer to Note 13 to these consolidated financial statements. No goodwill impairments were recorded during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020. Acquired Intangible Assets, Net Acquired intangible assets, net consisted of the following: December 31, 2022 Gross Carrying Accumulated Net Book (in thousands) Developed technology $ 40,100 $ 19,191 $ 20,909 Trade name 1,700 638 1,062 Customer relationships 11,600 1,088 10,512 Total acquired intangible assets, net $ 53,400 $ 20,917 $ 32,483 December 31, 2021 Gross Carrying Accumulated Net Book (in thousands) Developed technology $ 7,000 $ 5,746 $ 1,254 Total acquired intangible assets, net $ 7,000 $ 5,746 $ 1,254 The Company recorded $30.0 million, $1.7 million, and $11.6 million of developed technology, trade name, and customer relationships, respectively, in connection with the acquisition of Area 1 for the year ended December 31, 2022. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company also recorded $3.1 million of developed technology in connection with the acquisition of Vectrix. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company recorded $1.4 million of developed technology in connection with the acquisition of Zaraz. For further details on these acquisitions, refer to Note 13 to these consolidated financial statements. Amortization of acquired intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 was $15.2 million, $2.9 million, and $3.1 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, the estimated future amortization expense of acquired intangible assets was as follows: Estimated (in thousands) Year ending December 31, 2023 $ 19,403 2024 5,468 2025 1,450 2026 1,450 2027 1,450 Thereafter 3,262 Total $ 32,483

Leases

Leases	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Leases	Leases The Company's lease portfoli o consists of real estate and co-location agreements in the United States and internationally. The real estate leases include leases for office space and have remaining lease terms of up to 8.6 years. Certain of these leases contain options that allow the Company to extend or terminate the lease agreement. The Company's co-location leases have remaining lease terms of up to 7.8 years. All of the Company's leases are classified as operating leases. On July 6, 2021, the Company entered a triple net lease (the Austin Lease) for 128,195 square feet of office space in Austin, Texas. The Austin Lease has an accounting lease term of 121 months plus two options to renew for five years each at 100% market rate. At lease commencement, it was not reasonably certain that these renewal options will be exercised. The total fixed payments per the terms of the Austin Lease are approximately $46.2 million plus the Company's share of operating costs for the maturity of the lease. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the reasonably certain holding period for three real estate leases was modified as the Company became reasonably certain that the renewal options for these agreements would be exercised. The reasonably certain holding period for these leases increased by their respective renewal term lengths, which amounted to an additional undiscounted cash payment of $53.8 million based on the terms of their existing agreements. The Company subleased one of its leased office spaces. The lease term of the sublease terminated during the year ended December 31, 2021 . Sublease income, which is recorded as a reduction of rent expense, was $1.1 million and $2.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The components of lease cost related to the Company's operating leases included in the consolidated statements of operations were as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 (in thousands) Operating lease cost $ 36,332 $ 25,091 $ 19,544 Sublease income — (1,096) (2,829) Total lease cost $ 36,332 $ 23,995 $ 16,715 Variable lease cost and short-term lease cost for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 , were not material. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had $48.8 million of total undiscounted future payments under operating leases that have not yet commenced, which were not included on the consolidated balance sheet. These operating leases will commence between January 2023 and July 2026 and have an average lease term of 4.8 years. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the weighted-average remaining term of the Company’s operating leases was 5.4 years and 6.1 years, respectively, and the weighted-average discount rate used to measure the present value of the operating lease liabilities was 4.0% and 3.5%, respectively. Maturities of the operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2022 are as follows: December 31, 2022 (in thousands) 2023 $ 33,902 2024 32,525 2025 25,340 2026 22,242 2027 19,172 Thereafter 24,864 Total lease payments $ 158,045 Less: Imputed interest $ (17,146) Total operating lease liabilities $ 140,899 Maturities of the operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2021 were as follows: December 31, 2021 (in thousands) 2022 $ 28,080 2023 26,536 2024 24,685 2025 18,294 2026 16,317 Thereafter 37,428 Total lease payments $ 151,340 Less: Imputed interest $ (17,128) Total operating lease liabilities $ 134,212
Leases	Leases The Company's lease portfoli o consists of real estate and co-location agreements in the United States and internationally. The real estate leases include leases for office space and have remaining lease terms of up to 8.6 years. Certain of these leases contain options that allow the Company to extend or terminate the lease agreement. The Company's co-location leases have remaining lease terms of up to 7.8 years. All of the Company's leases are classified as operating leases. On July 6, 2021, the Company entered a triple net lease (the Austin Lease) for 128,195 square feet of office space in Austin, Texas. The Austin Lease has an accounting lease term of 121 months plus two options to renew for five years each at 100% market rate. At lease commencement, it was not reasonably certain that these renewal options will be exercised. The total fixed payments per the terms of the Austin Lease are approximately $46.2 million plus the Company's share of operating costs for the maturity of the lease. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the reasonably certain holding period for three real estate leases was modified as the Company became reasonably certain that the renewal options for these agreements would be exercised. The reasonably certain holding period for these leases increased by their respective renewal term lengths, which amounted to an additional undiscounted cash payment of $53.8 million based on the terms of their existing agreements. The Company subleased one of its leased office spaces. The lease term of the sublease terminated during the year ended December 31, 2021 . Sublease income, which is recorded as a reduction of rent expense, was $1.1 million and $2.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The components of lease cost related to the Company's operating leases included in the consolidated statements of operations were as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 (in thousands) Operating lease cost $ 36,332 $ 25,091 $ 19,544 Sublease income — (1,096) (2,829) Total lease cost $ 36,332 $ 23,995 $ 16,715 Variable lease cost and short-term lease cost for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 , were not material. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had $48.8 million of total undiscounted future payments under operating leases that have not yet commenced, which were not included on the consolidated balance sheet. These operating leases will commence between January 2023 and July 2026 and have an average lease term of 4.8 years. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the weighted-average remaining term of the Company’s operating leases was 5.4 years and 6.1 years, respectively, and the weighted-average discount rate used to measure the present value of the operating lease liabilities was 4.0% and 3.5%, respectively. Maturities of the operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2022 are as follows: December 31, 2022 (in thousands) 2023 $ 33,902 2024 32,525 2025 25,340 2026 22,242 2027 19,172 Thereafter 24,864 Total lease payments $ 158,045 Less: Imputed interest $ (17,146) Total operating lease liabilities $ 140,899 Maturities of the operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2021 were as follows: December 31, 2021 (in thousands) 2022 $ 28,080 2023 26,536 2024 24,685 2025 18,294 2026 16,317 Thereafter 37,428 Total lease payments $ 151,340 Less: Imputed interest $ (17,128) Total operating lease liabilities $ 134,212

Debt

Debt	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Debt	Debt 2026 Convertible Senior Notes In August 2021, the Company issued $1,293.8 million aggregate principal amount of the 2026 Notes in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A promulgated under the Securities Act, including the initial purchasers’ exercise in full of their option to purchase an additional $168.8 million aggregate principal amounts of the 2026 Notes. The total proceeds from the issuance of the 2026 Notes, net of initial purchaser discounts and commissions and debt issuance costs, were $1,274.0 million. The 2026 Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company and will mature on August 15, 2026, unless earlier redeemed, repurchased, or converted, and are governed by the terms of the indenture dated August 13, 2021 (the 2026 Indenture). The 2026 Notes are 0% convertible senior notes and therefore do not bear regular cash interest. The 2026 Notes are convertible at an initial conversion rate of 5.2263 shares of the Company's Class A common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the 2026 Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $191.34 per share, subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specified events in accordance with the terms of the 2026 Indenture. The 2026 Notes may be converted at any time on or after May 15, 2026 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date. Holders of the 2026 Notes may convert all or any portion of their 2026 Notes at their option at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding May 15, 2026 only under the following circumstances: (1) during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on December 31, 2021 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of the Company's Class A common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day; (2) during the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of the 2026 Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company's Class A common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day; (3) if the Company calls such 2026 Notes for redemption, at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the redemption date; or (4) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events. None of the circumstances described in the paragraphs above were met during the quarter ended December 31, 2022. In addition, if the 2026 Notes are converted prior to the maturity date following certain specified corporate events or because the Company issues a notice of redemption, the Company will increase the conversion rate for such 2026 Notes converted in connection with such a corporate event or during the related redemption period, as the case may be, in certain circumstances set forth in the 2026 Indenture. Upon conversion, the Company will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of the Company's Class A common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of the Company's Class A common stock, at the Company's election. It is the Company’s current intent to settle the principal amount of 2026 Notes in cash. The Company may not redeem the 2026 Notes prior to August 20, 2024. The Company may redeem for cash all or any portion of the 2026 Notes (subject to the partial redemption limitation (as defined below)), at its option, on or after August 20, 2024, if the last reported sale price of the Company’s Class A common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period (including the last trading day of such period) ending on, and including, the trading day preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2026 Notes to be redeemed, plus any accrued and unpaid special interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. If the Company elects to redeem fewer than all of the outstanding 2026 Notes, at least $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of 2026 Notes must be outstanding and not subject to redemption as of the relevant redemption date. No sinking fund is provided for the 2026 Notes. If the Company undergoes a fundamental change (as defined in the 2026 Indenture), holders of the 2026 Notes may require the Company to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their notes at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2026 Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid special interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. Based on the closing price of the Company's Class A common stock of $45.21 on December 31, 2022, the if-converted value of the 2026 Notes does not exceed its principal amount. The remaining life of the 2026 Notes was approximately 44 months as of December 31, 2022 . 2026 Capped Call Transactions In connection with the offering of the 2026 Notes, the Company entered into privately-negotiated capped call option transactions (the 2026 Capped Calls) with certain financial institution counterparties. The 2026 Capped Calls each have an initial strike price of approximately $191.34 per share of the Company's Class A common stock, subject to certain adjustments, which corresponds to the initial conversion price of the 2026 Notes. The 2026 Capped Calls each have an initial cap price of approximately $250.94 per share, subject to certain adjustments. The 2026 Capped Calls initially cover, subject to anti-dilution adjustments, approximately 6.8 million shares of the Company's Class A common stock. The 2026 Capped Calls are intended to generally offset potential dilution to the Company's Class A common stock upon conversion of the 2026 Notes and/or offset the potential cash payments that the Company could be required to make in excess of the principal amount upon any conversion, subject to the cap price. The 2026 Capped Calls are subject to either adjustment or termination upon the occurrence of certain specified events affecting the Company, including a merger event, a tender offer, and a nationalization, insolvency, or delisting involving the Company. The 2026 Capped Calls expire in incremental components on each trading date between July 17, 2026 and August 13, 2026. As of December 31, 2022, the terms of the 2026 Capped Calls have not been adjusted. The 2026 Capped Calls are recorded in stockholders' equity and are not accounted for as derivatives. The premium paid for the purchase of the 2026 Capped Calls of $86.3 million was recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital on the consolidated balance sheets. 2025 Convertible Senior Notes In May 2020, the Company issued $575.0 million aggregate principal amount of the 2025 Notes in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A promulgated under the Securities Act, including t he initial purchasers' exercise in full of their option to purchase an additional $75.0 million aggregate principal amount of the 2025 Notes. The total net proceeds from the issuance of the 2025 Notes, after deducting initial purchaser discounts and debt issuance costs, were $562.5 million. Immediately following the closings of the 2025 Notes Exchange (defined below) and other conversions that have since been completed, $158.4 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2025 Notes remained outstanding as of December 31, 2022 . The 2025 Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company and will mature on May 15, 2025, unless earlier redeemed, repurchased, or converted, and are governed by the terms of the Indenture dated May 15, 2020 (the 2025 Indenture and together with the 2026 Indenture, the Indentures). Interest on the 2025 Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on May 15 and November 15 of each year, beginning on November 15, 2020, at a rate of 0.75% per year. The 2025 Notes are convertible at an initial conversion rate of 26.7187 shares of the Company's Class A common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the 2025 Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $37.43 per share, subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specified events in accordance with the terms of the 2025 Indenture. The 2025 Notes may be converted at any time on or after February 15, 2025 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date. Holders of the 2025 Notes may convert all or any portion of their 2025 Notes at their option at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding February 15, 2025 only under the following circumstances: (1) during any calendar quarter (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of the Company's Class A common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day; (2) during the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of the 2025 Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company's Class A common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day; (3) if the Company calls such 2025 Notes for redemption, at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the redemption date; or (4) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events. None of the circumstances described in the paragraphs above were met during the quarter ended December 31, 2022. In addition, if the 2025 Notes are converted prior to the maturity date following certain specified corporate events or because the Company issues a notice of redemption, the Company will increase the conversion rate for such 2025 Notes converted in connection with such a corporate event or during the related redemption period, as the case may be, in certain circumstances set forth in the 2025 Indenture. Upon conversion, the Company will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of the Company's Class A common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of the Company's Class A common stock, at the Company's election. It is the Company’s current intent to settle the principal amount of 2025 Notes in cash. The Company may not redeem the 2025 Notes prior to May 20, 2023. The Company may redeem for cash all or any portion of the 2025 Notes, at its option, on or after May 20, 2023, if the last reported sale price of the Company’s Class A common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period (including the last trading day of such period) ending on, and including, the trading day preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2025 Notes to be redeemed, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. No sinking fund is provided for the 2025 Notes. If the Company undergoes a fundamental change (as defined in the 2025 Indenture), holders of the 2025 Notes may require the Company to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their notes at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2025 Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company settled conversions of approximately $16.6 million aggregate principal amount of the 2025 Notes. The Company elected to settle the conversions in a combination of cash equal to the principal amount of the 2025 Notes converted and the issuance of 298,909 shares of the Company's Class A common stock for the remainder associated with the conversion premium. The difference between the settlement consideration and the carrying value of the 2025 Notes converted was recorded to additional paid-in-capital on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. 2025 Notes Exchange On August 13, 2021, the Company closed privately-negotiated exchange agreements with certain holders of the 2025 Notes to exchange approximately $400.0 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2025 Notes (the 2025 Notes Exchange) for an aggregate of $400.7 million in cash (including accrued interest) and approximately 7.6 million shares of the Company’s Class A common stock (the Exchange Shares) for aggregate consideration of $1,321.0 million. The Company used a portion of the net proceeds from the offering of the 2026 Notes to fund the 2025 Notes Exchange. As a result, the Company recorded a debt extinguishment loss of $72.2 million, representing the difference between the fair value of the liability component of $355.3 million and the carrying value of the 2025 Notes Exchange of $283.1 million at the closing date. The fair value of the liability component was calculated by using an effective interest rate of 4.08%, which was determined by measuring the fair value of similar debt instruments that did not have an associated convertible feature and adjusted to reflect the term of the remaining 2025 Notes. The aggregate consideration of $1,321.0 million was allocated between the fair value of the liability component of $355.3 million and the reacquisition of the equity component of $965.7 million, which was recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital and offset by the additional paid-in capital for the Exchange Shares issued. Based on the closing price of the Company's Class A common stock of $45.21 on December 31, 2022 , the if-converted value of the 2025 Notes exceeded its principal amount by approximately $32.9 million. The remaining life of the 2025 Notes was approximately 29 months as of December 31, 2022 . 2025 Capped Call Transactions In connection with the offering of the 2025 Notes, the Company entered into privately-negotiated capped call option transactions (the 2025 Capped Calls and, together with the 2026 Capped Calls, the capped call transactions) with certain financial institution counterparties . The 2025 Capped Calls each have an initial strike price of approximately $37.43 per share of the Company's Class A common stock, subject to certain adjustments, which corresponds to the initial conversion price of the 2025 Notes. The 2025 Capped Calls each have an initial cap price of $57.58 per share, subject to certain adjustments. The 2025 Capped Calls initially cover, subject to anti-dilution adjustments, approximately 15.4 million shares of the Company's Class A common stock. The 2025 Capped Calls are intended to generally offset potential dilution to the Company's Class A common stock upon conversion of the 2025 Notes and/or offset the potential cash payments that the Company could be required to make in excess of the principal amount upon any conversion, subject to the cap price. The 2025 Capped Calls are subject to either adjustment or termination upon the occurrence of certain specified events affecting the Company, including a merger event, a tender offer, and a nationalization, insolvency, or delisting involving the Company. The 2025 Capped Calls expire in incremental components on each trading date between March 18, 2025 and May 13, 2025. As of December 31, 2022 , the terms of the 2025 Capped Calls have not been adjusted and no 2025 Capped Calls were exercised in connection with the 2025 Notes Exchange. As of February 24, 2023, no 2025 Capped Calls were exercised in connection with the 2025 Notes conversion requests. The 2025 Capped Calls are recorded in stockholders' equity and are not accounted for as derivatives. The premium paid for the purchase of the 2025 Capped Calls of $67.3 million was recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital on the consolidated balance sheets. The net carrying amounts of the Notes were as follows: December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 2026 Notes 2025 Notes 2026 Notes 2025 Notes (in thousands) Principal $ 1,293,750 $ 158,429 $ 1,293,750 $ 175,000 Unamortized debt discount (1) — — (248,179) (45,382) Unamortized debt issuance costs (14,348) (1,639) (14,541) (1,654) Carrying amount, net (2) $ 1,279,402 $ 156,790 $ 1,031,030 $ 127,964 (1) The carrying value of the equity components of the 2025 Notes and 2026 Notes as of December 31, 2021 was eliminated upon the adoption of ASU 2020-06. Refer to Note 2 to these consolidated financial statements. (2) The net carrying amounts as of December 31, 2021 represented the liability components of the Notes prior to the adoption of ASU 2020-06. Initial carrying amounts of the liability components were calculated using effective interest rates of 10.0% and 4.65% for the 2025 Notes and 2026 Notes, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, the carrying amounts of the equity components were $61.1 million and $262.1 million, net of the issuance costs attributable to the equity component of $1.4 million and $4.1 million, respectively. The following tables set forth total interest expense recognized related to the Notes: Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 2026 Notes 2025 Notes 2026 Notes 2025 Notes 2026 Notes 2025 Notes (in thousands) Coupon interest expense $ — $ 1,201 $ — $ 3,162 $ — $ 2,707 Amortization of debt discount (1) — — 17,971 25,834 — 20,616 Amortization of debt issuance costs 3,958 701 1,184 1,185 — 1,013 Total $ 3,958 $ 1,902 $ 19,155 $ 30,181 $ — $ 24,336 (1) As a result of the adoption of ASU 2020-06 on January 1, 2022, there is no debt discount associated with either the 2025 Notes or the 2026 Notes. Refer to Note 2 to these consolidated financial statements.

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	Commitments and Contingencies Purchase Commitments Open purchase commitments are for the purchase of services under non-cancelable contracts. They are not recorded as liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022 as the Company has not yet received the related services. Refer to the table below for purchase commitments under non-cancelable contracts with various vendors as of December 31, 2022. Bandwidth & Co-location Commitments The Company enters into long-term non-cancelable agreements with providers in various countries to purchase capacity, such as bandwidth and co-location space, for the Company’s global network. Bandwidth and co-location costs for paying customers are recorded as cost of revenue in the consolidated statements of operations and as sales and marketing expense in the consolidated statements of operations for free customers. Such costs totaled $119.0 million, $77.1 million, and $51.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. Refer to the table below for long-term bandwidth and co-location commitments under non-cancelable contracts with various networks and Internet service providers as of December 31, 2022. For the lease components of co-location agreements, refer to Note 6 to these consolidated financial statements. Payments Due by Period as of December 31, 2022 Total 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 Thereafter (in thousands) Non-cancelable: Open purchase agreements (1) $ 93,754 $ 39,221 $ 9,591 $ 37,570 $ 2,274 $ 1,122 $ 3,976 Bandwidth and other co-location related commitments (2) 132,167 49,540 35,776 19,100 13,054 10,291 4,406 Other commitments (3) 10,483 10,483 — — — — — Total $ 236,404 $ 99,244 $ 45,367 $ 56,670 $ 15,328 $ 11,413 $ 8,382 (1) Open purchase commitments are for the purchase of services under non-cancelable contracts. They were not recorded as liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022 as the Company had not yet received the related services. (2) Long-term commitments for bandwidth usage and other co-location related commitments with various networks and Internet service providers. The costs for services not yet received were not recorded as liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022. (3) Indemnity holdback consideration associated with the Area 1 and Vectrix acquisitions. See Note 13. Legal Matters From time to time the Company is a party to various legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. In addition, third parties may from time to time assert claims against the Company in the form of letters and other communications. Management currently believes that there is no pending or threatened legal proceeding to which the Company is a party that is likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. However, the results of legal proceedings are inherently unpredictable and if an unfavorable ruling were to occur in any of the legal proceedings there exists the possibility of a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. The Company accrues for legal proceedings that it considers probable and for which the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company also discloses material contingencies when it believes a loss is not probable but reasonably possible. Legal costs incurred and expected to be incurred related to litigation matters are expensed as incurred. The Company’s network and associated products are subject to various restrictions under U.S. export control and sanctions laws and regulations, including the U.S. Department of Commerce’s Export Administration Regulations (EAR) and various economic and trade sanctions regulations administered by the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Controls (OFAC). The U.S. export control laws and U.S. economic sanctions laws include restrictions or prohibitions on the sale or supply of certain products and services to U.S. embargoed or sanctioned countries, governments, persons and entities and also require authorization for the export of certain encryption items. In addition, various countries regulate the import of certain encryption technology, including through import permitting and licensing requirements and have enacted or could enact laws that could limit the Company’s ability to distribute its products through its network. Although the Company takes precautions to prevent its network and associated products from being accessed or used in violation of such laws, the Company may have inadvertently allowed its network and associated products to be accessed or used by some customers in apparent violation of U.S. economic sanctions laws, including by users in embargoed or sanctioned countries, and the Company may have exported or allowed the download of certain software prior to making required filings with the U.S. Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security. As a result, the Company has submitted to OFAC and to the Bureau of Industry and Security a voluntary self-disclosure concerning potential violations, and the Company has submitted a voluntary self-disclosure to the Census Bureau regarding potential violations of the Foreign Trade Regulations related to some incorrect electronic export information statements to the U.S. government for certain hardware exports, which were authorized. The voluntary self-disclosure to the Census Bureau was completed with no penalties in November 2019, and the voluntary self-disclosure to the Bureau of Industry and Security was completed with no penalties in June 2020. The voluntary self-disclosure to OFAC remains under review. If the Company is found to be in violation of U.S. economic sanctions or export control laws, it could result in substantial fines and penalties for the Company and for the individuals working for the Company. The Company may also be adversely affected through other penalties, reputational harm, loss of access to certain markets or otherwise. No loss has been recognized in the consolidated financial statements for this loss contingency as it is not probable a loss has been incurred and the range of a possible loss is not yet estimable. Guarantees and Indemnifications If the Company's services do not meet certain service level commitments, its contracted customers and certain of its pay-as-you-go customers are entitled to receive service credits, and in certain cases, refunds, each representing a form of variable consideration. To date, the Company has not incurred any material costs as a result of such commitments. The Company’s arrangements generally include certain provisions for indemnifying customers against liabilities if its products or services infringe a third-party’s intellectual property rights. It is not possible to determine the maximum potential amount under these indemnification obligations due to the limited history of prior indemnification claims and the unique facts and circumstances involved in each particular agreement. To date, the Company has not incurred any material costs as a result of such obligations and has not accrued any liabilities related to such obligations in the consolidated financial statements. The Company has also agreed to indemnify its directors, executive officers, and certain other employees for costs associated with any fees, expenses, judgments, fines, and settlement amounts incurred by them in any action or proceeding to which any of them are, or are threatened to be, made a party by reason of their service as a director or officer. The Company maintains director and officer insurance coverage that would generally enable it to recover a portion of any future amounts paid. The Company also may be subject to indemnification obligations by law with respect to the actions of its employees under certain circumstances and in certain jurisdictions.

Common Stock

Common Stock	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Equity [Abstract]
Common Stock	Common Stock The Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation authorizes the issuance of Class A common stock and Class B common stock. The holder of each share of Class A common stock is entitled to one vote per share, while the holder of each share of Class B common stock is entitled to 10 votes per share. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company was authorized to issue 2,250,000,000 shares of Class A common stock and 315,000,000 shares of Class B common stock, each with a par value of $0.001 per share. There were 286,560,947 and 277,707,635 shares of Class A common stock issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The number of shares of Class B common stock issued and outstanding was 43,524,514 and 45,904,227, as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Holders of the Company’s Class A common stock and Class B common stock are entitled to dividends when, as and if, declared by the Company’s Board of Directors, subject to the rights of the holders of all classes of stock outstanding having priority rights to dividends. Any dividends paid to the holders of the Class A common stock and Class B common stock will be paid on a pro rata basis. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had not declared any dividends. The rights of the holders of Class A and Class B common stock are identical, except with respect to voting and conversion. Shares of the Company's Class B common stock are convertible into an equivalent number of shares of the Company's Class A common stock and generally convert into shares of the Company's Class A common stock upon cessation of employment or transfer, except for certain transfers described in the Company's amended and restated certificate of incorporation. Class A common stock and Class B common stock are referred to, collectively, as common stock throughout the notes to these consolidated financial statements, unless otherwise indicated. Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance Shares of common stock reserved for future issuance, on an as-if converted basis, are as follows: December 31, 2022 2021 (in thousands) 2025 Notes 5,503 6,078 2026 Notes 10,311 10,311 Stock options issued and outstanding 15,886 13,603 Remaining shares available for issuance under the 2019 Plan (1) 44,693 30,761 Outstanding and unsettled restricted stock units (RSUs) 10,196 7,417 Shares available for issuance under the ESPP 10,990 8,056 Total shares of common stock reserved 97,579 76,226 (1) Remaining shares available for issuance under the 2019 Plan as of December 31, 2021, are net of the Co-Founder Performance Awards. See Note 10.

Stock-based Compensation

Stock-based Compensation	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Stock-based Compensation	Stock-based Compensation Equity Incentive Plans In 2010, the Company's Board of Directors adopted and stockholders approved the 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (2010 Plan). The 2010 Plan is a broad-based retention program and is intended to attract and retain talented employees, directors, and non-employee consultants. The 2010 Plan provides for the granting of stock options, restricted stock, RSUs, and stock appreciation rights to employees, directors, and consultants. Incentive stock options may be granted only to employees. All other awards under the 2010 Plan, including non-qualified stock options, may be granted to employees, directors, and consultants. Except for qualifying assumptions and substitutions of options, the exercise price of an incentive stock option and non-qualified stock option shall not be less than 100% of the fair market value of such shares on the date of grant. Prior to the Company's IPO, stock-based awards forfeited, canceled, or repurchased generally were returned to the pool of shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2010 Plan. In connection with the IPO, the 2010 Plan was terminated effective immediately prior to the effectiveness of the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (2019 Plan) and the Company ceased granting any additional awards under the 2010 Plan. All outstanding awards under the 2010 Plan at the time of the termination of the 2010 Plan remain subject to the terms of the 2010 Plan, and any shares underlying stock options that expire or terminate or are forfeited or repurchased by the Company under the 2010 Plan will be automatically transferred to the 2019 Plan. In 2019, the Company's Board of Directors adopted and stockholders approved the 2019 Plan, which became effective one business day prior to the effective date of the Company's registration statement on Form S-1 for the IPO. The 2019 Plan provides for the granting of stock options, restricted stock, RSUs, stock appreciation rights, performance shares, performance stock units, and performance awards for the Company's Class A common stock to the Company's employees, directors, and consultants. Except as otherwise indicated below, the maximum number of shares of Class A common stock that may be issued under the 2019 Plan will not exceed 66,661,953 shares of the Company's Class A common stock, which is the sum of (1) 29,335,000 new shares, plus (2) an additional number of shares of Class A common stock not to exceed 37,326,953, consisting of the total number of shares of Class A or Class B common stock subject to outstanding awards granted under the 2010 Plan that, on or after the 2019 Plan became effective, are canceled, expire, or otherwise terminate prior to exercise or settlement; are repurchased by the Company because of the failure to vest; or are forfeited, tendered to, or withheld by the Company (or not issued) to satisfy a tax withholding obligation or the payment of an exercise price, if any, as such shares become available from time to time. Stock-based awards under the 2019 Plan that expire or are forfeited, canceled, or repurchased generally are returned to the pool of shares of Class A common stock available for issuance under the 2019 Plan. In addition, the number of shares of the Company's Class A common stock reserved for issuance under the 2019 Plan will automatically increase on January 1 of each calendar year, starting on January 1, 2021 through January 1, 2029, in an amount equal to the least of (i) 29,335,000 shares, (ii) 5% of the total number of shares of Class A and Class B common stock outstanding on December 31 of the fiscal year before the date of each automatic increase, or (iii) a lesser number of shares determined by the com pensation committee of the Company's Board of Directors prior to the applicable January 1. Stock Options Under the 2010 Plan and 2019 Plan, at exercise, stock option awards entitle the holder to receive one share of Class B or Class A common stock, in the case of the 2010 Plan, or one share of Class A common stock, in the case of the 2019 Plan. The stock options granted under the 2010 Plan and the 2019 Plan generally vest over a four-year period subject to remaining continuously employed and expire no more than 10 years from the date of grant. The following table summarizes the stock options activity under the 2010 Plan and 2019 Plan during the periods presented: Stock Options Outstanding (in thousands, except year and per share data) Shares Subject Weighted- Weighted- Aggregate Balances as of December 31, 2019 21,191 $ 2.30 7.4 $ 312,720 Options granted 1,710 $ 18.05 Options exercised (4,451) $ 1.73 $ 142,758 Options canceled/forfeited/expired (264) $ 2.61 Balances as of December 31, 2020 18,186 $ 3.92 7.0 $ 1,310,650 Options granted 100 $ 137.17 Options exercised (4,455) $ 4.83 $ 503,243 Options canceled/forfeited/expired (228) $ 2.67 Balances as of December 31, 2021 13,603 $ 12.47 6.0 $ 1,726,440 Options granted 5,733 $ 97.71 Options exercised (2,484) $ 4.08 $ 180,990 Options canceled/forfeited/expired (966) $ 74.88 Balances as of December 31, 2022 15,886 $ 34.21 6.3 $ 451,782 Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2022 15,876 $ 34.23 6.3 $ 451,395 Exercisable as of December 31, 2022 10,340 $ 3.35 4.8 $ 436,824 The aggregate intrinsic value is the difference between the exercise price of the option and the estimated fair value of the underlying common stock. Options exercisable include 2,728,545 and 6,229,524 options that were unvested as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The total grant date fair value for vested options in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 was $12.5 million, $14.0 million, and $7.3 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, there was $251.1 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested stock options that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 4.5 years. In December 2021, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company (the Compensation Committee) granted to the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and President and Chief Operating Officer (each, a Co-Founder), a 10-year stock option with market conditions that vests and becomes exercisable only if the Company achieves certain stock price milestones and the Co-Founder continues to remain in a primary leadership position with the Company ( the Co-Founder Performance Awards ). Each Co-Founder Performance Award was granted under the 2019 Plan and consists of a 10-year option to purchase an aggregate of 3,960,000 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock. The exercise price per share subject to the Co-Founder Performance Awards is $136.81, which was the closing sales price of the Company’s Class A common stock on December 22, 2021, the date of grant by the Compensation Committee. As a majority of the voting power held by the Company’s stockholders other than the Co-Founders, other executive officers of the Company, certain other employees of the Company, and certain of their respective family members and affiliates (the Disinterested Stockholders) did not approve the Co-Founder Performance Awards by December 22, 2022, the Co-Founder Performance Awards were immediately and automatically forfeited during the year ended December 31, 2022 . The Co-Founder Performance Awards were not granted nor forfeited in accordance with ASC 718 and had no accounting impact. On February 14, 2022, the Company's Board of Directors and Compensation Committee granted to our executive officers (other than the Co-Founders) and certain other key employees 10-year stock options with market conditions that vest and becomes exercisable only if the Company achieves certain stock price milestones and the employee continues to provide service to the Company through the applicable vesting dates (the Other Performance Awards). The Other Performance Awards were granted under the 2019 Plan and consist of 10-year options to purchase an aggregate of 4,915,000 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock. The exercise price per share subject to the Other Performance Awards is $105.56, which was the closing sales price of the Company’s Class A common stock on February 14, 2022. At the time of grant, the terms of the Other Performance Awards provided that such awards shall automatically forfeit if the Company's Disinterested Stockholders failed to approve the Co-Founder Performance Awards. On April 20, 2022, the Company's Board of Directors and Compensation Committee removed this contingency, resulting in an accounting grant date for the Other Performance Awards under ASC 718. On October 25, 2022, the Company's Board of Directors and Compensation Committee granted additional Other Performance Awards to two key employees, which were also granted under the 2019 Plan and consist of 10-year options to purchase an aggregate of 660,000 shares of the Company's Class A common stock. The exercise price per share subject to these Other Performance Awards is $57.55, which was the closing sales price of the Company's Class A common stock on October 25, 2022. The fair values of the Other Performance Awards were measured and fixed at the grant date using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The weighted-average assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Other Performance Awards granted were as follows: Year ended December 31, 2022 Expected term (in years) 9.83 Expected volatility 59.5 % Risk-free interest rate 3.0 % Dividend yield — The weighted-average grant date fair value of the Other Performance Awards was $55.80 per share. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense for the Other Performance Awards based on the grant date fair value and using a graded attribution method over the weighted-average requisite service period of 5.36 years. The total stock-based compensation expense for the Other Performance Awards for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $39.5 million. As of December 31, 2022, there was $232.8 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to the Other Performance Awards that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 4.7 years. In connection with the acquisition of Area 1, each unvested option to purchase shares of Area 1’s common stock held by Area 1 employees who have joined the Company were assumed and converted into stock option awards to purchase the Company's Class A common stock (the Assumed Area 1 Stock Options). The Assumed Area 1 Stock Options are subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Area 1 stock incentive plan and consist of options to purchase an aggregate of 156,770 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock. The Assumed Area 1 Stock Options are generally subject to annual vesting on a ratable basis over the three years from the Area 1 acquisition date, in each case subject to remaining continuously employed by the Company or any of its subsidiaries. The number of the Assumed Area 1 Stock Options vested during the year ended December 31, 2022 were not material. The weighted-average assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Assumed Area 1 Stock Options during the year ended December 31, 2022 were as follows: Year ended December 31, 2022 Expected term (in years) 2.3 Expected volatility 66.7 % Risk-free interest rate 2.5 % Dividend yield — The weighted-average grant date fair value of the Assumed Area 1 Stock Options was $93.32 per share. The total stock-based compensation expense for the Assumed Area 1 Stock Options for the year ended December 31, 2022 was not material. As of December 31, 2022, there was $8.4 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to the Assumed Area 1 Stock Options that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.3 years. For further details on the Area 1 acquisition, refer to Note 13 to these consolidated financial statements. The weighted-average assumptions used to determine the fair value of stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2021, and 2020 were as follows: Year ended December 31, 2021 2020 Expected term (in years) 6.0 6.0 Expected volatility 59.6 % 40.3 % Risk-free interest rate 1.3 % 0.7 % Dividend yield — — The weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted during the years ended December 31, 2021, and 2020 was $90.50, and $9.74 per share, respectively. Early Exercises of Stock Options The 2010 Plan allows for the early exercise of stock options for certain individuals as determined by the Company’s Board of Directors. Shares of common stock issued upon early exercises of unvested options are not deemed, for accounting purposes, to be issued until those shares vest according to their respective vesting schedules and accordingly, the consideration received for early exercises is initially recorded as a liability and reclassified to common stock and additional paid-in capital as the underlying awards vest. Stock options that are early exercised are subject to a repurchase option that allows the Company to repurchase within six months of an individual’s termination for any reason, including death and disability (or in the case of shares issued upon exercise of an option after termination, within six months of the date of exercise), any unvested shares of such individual for a repurchase price equal to the amount previously paid by the individual for such unvested shares. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had $1.9 million and $4.7 million, respectively, recorded in liability for early exercise of unvested stock options, and the related number of unvested shares subject to repurchase was 899,691 and 2,128,660, respectively. Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units RSUs granted under the 2010 Plan generally vest upon the satisfaction of both a service-based vesting condition and a performance vesting condition, as defined below, occurring before these RSUs expire. RSUs granted under the 2019 Plan generally vest upon the satisfaction of a service-based vesting condition. The service-based vesting condition for employees under both the 2010 Plan and the 2019 Plan is typically satisfied over a four-year period, subject to remaining continuously employed. The performance vesting condition under the 2010 Plan was deemed satisfied upon the effective date of the Company's registration statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC in connection with the IPO. In connection with the acquisition of Vectrix in January 2022, the Company issued approximately 71,000 shares of Class A common stock to former Vectrix employees who have joined the Company and previous holders of Vectrix equity interests. Of these issued shares, approximately 52,000 shares are restricted stock that is subject to vesting on a ratable basis over the four years from the acquisition date, in each case subject to remaining continuously employed. None of these restricted shares vested during the year ended December 31, 2022. The total stock-based compensation expense for shares of unvested restricted stock for the year ended December 31, 2022 was not material. As of December 31, 2022, the total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested restricted stock was $4.0 million. For further details on the Vectrix acquisition, refer to Note 13 to these consolidated financial statements. In connection with the acquisition of Zaraz in October 2021, the Company issued approximately 48,000 shares of Class A common stock to former Zaraz employees who have joined the Company and previous holders of Zaraz equity interests. Of these issued shares, approximately 39,000 are shares of restricted stock that is subject to vesting on a ratable basis over the three years from the acquisition date, in each case subject to remaining continuously employed. The total stock-based compensation expense for such shares of unvested restricted stock for the year ended December 31, 2022 was not material. As of December 31, 2022, the total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested restricted stock was $3.9 million. For further details on the Zaraz acquisition, refer to Note 13 to these consolidated financial statements. In connection with the acquisition of S2 Systems Corporation (S2) in January 2020, the Company issued approximately 948,000 shares of Class A common stock to former S2 shareholders, some of which have joined the Company as employees. Of these issued shares, approximately 841,000 shares are restricted stock that is subject to vesting, with 77.8% of this restricted stock vesting in two years from the acquisition date and the remainder of this restricted stock vesting in three years from the acquisition date, in each case subject to remaining continuously employed. The total grant date fair value for vested shares in the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was $11.2 million and zero, respectively. The total stock-based compensation expense for shares of unvested restricted stock for the year ended December 31, 2022 was not material. As of December 31, 2022, the total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested restricted stock was not material. For further details on the S2 acquisition, refer to Note 13 to these consolidated financial statements. RSU activity under the 2019 Plan and the 2010 Plan for the year ended December 31, 2022 was as follows: Restricted Stock and RSUs Weighted-Average (in thousands, except per share data) Unvested and outstanding as of December 31, 2019 6,508 $ 11.08 Granted - RSUs 4,153 $ 33.13 Granted - Restricted stock 949 $ 17.06 Vested - RSUs (2,286) $ 11.80 Vested - Restricted stock (107) $ 17.06 Forfeited (588) $ 13.18 Unvested as of December 31, 2020 8,629 $ 21.38 Vested and not yet released 21 $ 36.56 Outstanding as of December 31, 2020 8,650 $ 21.41 Granted - RSUs 2,203 $ 108.87 Granted - Restricted stock 48 $ 167.69 Vested - RSUs (2,734) $ 21.17 Vested - Restricted stock (9) $ — Forfeited (681) $ 29.78 Unvested as of December 31, 2021 7,456 $ 47.36 Vested and not yet released — $ — Outstanding as of December 31, 2021 7,456 $ 47.36 Granted - RSUs 6,367 $ 67.13 Granted - Restricted stock 52 $ 100.29 Vested - RSUs (2,848) $ 38.49 Vested - Restricted stock (668) $ 19.96 Forfeited (779) $ 64.83 Unvested as of December 31, 2022 9,580 $ 61.14 Vested and not yet released — $ — Outstanding as of December 31, 2022 9,580 $ 61.14 The total grant date fair value for vested RSUs were $109.6 million, $57.9 million, and $27.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The total stock-based compensation expense for RSUs were $137.4 million, $71.7 million, and $39.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, the total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to RSUs was $532.2 million that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.3 years. 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan In September 2019, the Company's Board of Directors adopted and stockholders approved the ESPP, which became effective one business day prior to the effective date of the Company's registration statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC in connection with the IPO. A total of 5,870,000 shares of Class A common stock were initially reserved for sale under the ESPP. The number of shares of Class A common stock reserved for issuance includes an annual increase on the first day of each fiscal year, beginning on January 1, 2021, by the least of (1) 5,870,000 shares of Class A common stock, (2) 1% of the total number of shares of Class A and Class B common stock outstanding on December 31 of the fiscal year before the date of each automatic increase; or (3) such lesser amount as the compensation committee of the Company's Board of Directors may determine prior to the applicable January 1. Generally, all regular employees, including executive officers, employed by the Company or by any of its designated subsidiaries, except for those holding 5% or more of the total combined voting power or value of all classes of common stock, may participate in the ESPP and may contribute, normally through payroll deductions, up to 10% of their eligible compensation for the purchase of Class A common stock under the ESPP. Unless otherwise determined by the compensation committee of the Board of Directors, Class A common stock will be purchased for the accounts of employees participating in the ESPP at a price per share that is the lesser of (1) 85% of the fair market value of a share of the Company's Class A common stock on the first date of an offering period, or (2) 85% of the fair market value of a share of the Company's Class A common stock on the date of purchase. The ESPP generally provides for six-month offering periods beginning on the first day of trading on or after November 15 and May 15 of each year and terminating on the last trading day on or before May 15 and November 15, approximately six months later, with identical purchase periods. Current employees cannot sell the shares of Class A common stock purchased under the ESPP until the day after the one-year anniversary of the purchase date of such shares, except for the withholding or sale of shares by the Company to meet any applicable tax withholding obligations. No employee may purchase (i) during each purchase period more than 1,500 shares of Class A common stock and (ii) shares under the ESPP at a rate in excess of $25,000 worth of the Company's Class A common stock based on the fair market value per share of the Company's Class A common stock at the beginning of an offering for each calendar year such purchase right is outstanding. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, 302,795 and 260,334 shares of Class A common stock were purchased under the ESPP. As of December 31, 2022, the total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to the ESPP was $4.4 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 0.4 years. The weighted-average assumptions used to determine the fair value of the ESPP during the periods presented were as follows: Year ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 Expected term (in years) 0.5 0.5 0.5 Risk-free interest rate 3.3 % 0.1 % 0.1 % Expected volatility 100.6 % 58.9 % 63.1 % Dividend yield — — — Stock-based Compensation Expense The following table sets forth the total stock-based compensation expense included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations: Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 (in thousands) Cost of revenue $ 6,251 $ 2,583 $ 1,225 Sales and marketing 50,317 27,277 16,019 Research and development 103,276 44,196 26,090 General and administrative 42,933 16,081 13,000 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 202,777 $ 90,137 $ 56,334

Net Loss per Share Attributable

Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders	Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders: Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 Class A Class B Class A Class B Class A Class B (in thousands, except per share data) Net loss attributable to common stockholders $ (167,770) $ (25,611) $ (219,939) $ (40,370) $ (70,955) $ (48,415) Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted 283,114 43,218 263,884 48,437 178,189 121,585 Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted $ (0.59) $ (0.59) $ (0.83) $ (0.83) $ (0.40) $ (0.40) Since the Company was in a loss position for all periods presented, basic net loss per share is the same as diluted net loss per share as the inclusion of all potential common shares outstanding would have been antidilutive. The potential shares of common stock that were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the periods presented because including them would have been antidilutive are as follows: December 31, 2022 2021 2020 (in thousands) 2025 Notes 4,233 4,676 15,363 2026 Notes 6,761 6,762 — Shares subject to repurchase 900 2,129 3,872 Unexercised stock options 15,886 13,603 18,186 Unvested restricted stock and RSUs 10,273 7,417 8,629 Vested and unreleased RSUs — — 21 Shares issuable pursuant to the ESPP 248 62 133 Total 38,301 34,649 46,204

Income Taxes

Income Taxes	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	Income Taxes The components of the Company's loss before income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 were as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 (in thousands) Domestic $ (219,586) $ (272,995) $ (143,320) Foreign 28,853 25,019 18,347 Total loss before income taxes $ (190,733) $ (247,976) $ (124,973) The components of the Company's provision for (benefit from) income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 were as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 (in thousands) Current expense: Federal $ 332 $ 722 $ 488 State 1 143 66 Foreign 2,455 2,730 769 Total current provision for income taxes $ 2,788 $ 3,595 $ 1,323 Deferred expense (benefit): Federal (1,124) — (641) State (573) — (140) Foreign 1,557 8,738 (6,145) Total deferred provision for (benefit from) income taxes $ (140) $ 8,738 $ (6,926) Total provision for (benefit from) income taxes $ 2,648 $ 12,333 $ (5,603) A reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory rate to the Company's effective tax rate is as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 Expected benefit at U.S. federal statutory rate 21.0 % 21.0 % 21.0 % State income taxes, net of federal tax benefits 0.2 — — Foreign income or losses taxed at different rates 1.1 (2.5) 7.5 Stock-based compensation 18.7 43.6 16.3 Change in valuation allowance (41.2) (66.4) (39.4) Withholding taxes (0.2) (0.3) (0.4) Miscellaneous permanent items (1.0) (0.4) (0.5) Total provision for (benefit from) income taxes (1.4) % (5.0) % 4.5 % In 2022, the difference in the Company's effective tax rate and the U.S. federal statutory tax rate was primarily due to the recording of a full valuation allowance on the Company's U.S. and U.K. deferred tax assets and income tax expense from profitable foreign jurisdictions, offset by a partial release of the U.S. valuation allowance related to acquisitions. In 2021, the difference in the Company's effective tax rate and the U.S. federal statutory tax rate was primarily due to the recording of a full valuation allowance on the Company's U.S. and U.K. deferred tax assets, income tax expense from profitable foreign jurisdictions, and income tax expense related to an acquisition. In 2020, the difference in the Company's effective tax rate and the U.S. federal statutory tax rate was primarily due to the recording of a full valuation allowance on the Company's U.S. deferred tax assets and income tax expense from profitable foreign jurisdictions, offset by a partial release of the U.S. valuation allowance related to an acquisition and excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation deductions in the U.K. The components of the Company's deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 (in thousands) Deferred tax assets: Net operating loss carryforwards $ 373,655 $ 302,593 Tax credit carryforwards 51,925 29,564 Capitalized research and development expenditures 36,886 — Operating lease liabilities 33,790 32,355 Business interest carryforwards 15,762 16,847 Stock-based compensation 27,766 12,988 Accrued expenses and reserves 2,770 2,769 Depreciation and amortization 3 23 Other 919 360 Gross deferred tax assets 543,476 397,499 Valuation allowance (477,638) (269,519) Total deferred tax assets $ 65,838 $ 127,980 Deferred tax liabilities: Convertible senior notes — (73,265) Right-of-use assets (31,586) (32,122) Deferred commissions (23,039) (16,886) Capitalized internal-use software (4,638) (7,574) Depreciation and amortization (11,197) (1,269) Other (73) (2) Total deferred tax liabilities $ (70,533) $ (131,118) Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) $ (4,695) $ (3,138) In determining the need for a valuation allowance, the Company weighs both positive and negative evidence in the various jurisdictions in which it operates to determine whether it is more likely than not that its deferred tax assets are realizable. A full valuation allowance has been established in the U.S. and U.K. and no deferred tax assets and related tax benefits have been recognized in the consolidated financial statements. There is no valuation allowance associated with any other jurisdiction as of December 31, 2022. The worldwide valuation allowance as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 was $477.6 million and $269.5 million, respectively. The net change in the worldwide valuation allowance for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 was an increase of $208.1 million, an increase of $194.4 million and an increase of $11.6 million, respectively. The increase in the Company’s valuation allowance compared to the prior year was primarily due to an increase in taxable losses generated in the U.S. and U.K., capitalization and amortization of research and development expenses, and the write-off of the convertible note deferred tax liability as a result of the adoption of ASU 2020-06. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards for federal income tax purposes of $1,338.5 million and $1,121.0 million, respectively, that will begin to expire in 2029. The Company had federal research and development tax credit carryforwards as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 of $49.7 million and $35.7 million, respectively, that will begin to expire in 2029. In addition, as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards for state income tax purposes of $757.4 million and $770.3 million, respectively, that will begin to expire in 2025. The Company had state research and development tax credit carryforwards as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 of $25.9 million and $19.5 million, respectively, that will begin to expire in 2039. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards for U.K. income tax purposes of $178.5 million and $153.2 million, respectively, that can be carried forward indefinitely. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had foreign tax credit carryforwards for federal income tax purposes of $1.8 million. The federal foreign tax credit carryforwards will expire, if not utilized, beginning in the year 2025. Utilization of net operating losses and tax credit carryforwards may be subject to substantial annual limitations due to the ownership change limitations provided by Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code and similar state provisions. Such a limitation could result in the expiration of the net operating loss carryforwards and tax credits before utilization. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of the Company's total gross unrecognized tax benefits was as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 (in thousands) Balance as of the beginning of the period $ 12,590 $ 5,682 $ 3,740 Increases for tax positions related to the prior year 5,753 1,784 396 Decreases for tax positions related to the prior year — — (303) Additions for tax positions related to the current year 5,597 5,124 1,849 Balance as of the end of the period $ 23,940 $ 12,590 $ 5,682 The Company classifies uncertain tax positions as non-current income tax liabilities unless expected to be paid within one year or otherwise directly related to an existing deferred tax asset, in which case the asset is recorded net of the uncertain tax position on the consolidated balance sheet. As of December 31, 2022, $0.1 million of the Company’s gross unrecognized tax benefits, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate and, $23.8 million would result in an adjustment to deferred tax assets with corresponding adjustments to valuation allowance. The Company does not expect any unrecognized tax benefits to be recognized within the next 12 months. The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties accrued on any unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense. The Company did not recognize any income tax expense related to interest and penalties in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. The Company’s significant tax jurisdictions include the U.S., Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Portugal, Singapore, and the U.K. Because of the net operating loss carryforwards, substantially all of the Company’s tax years remain open to U.S. federal and state tax examination. The Company’s foreign tax returns are open to audit under the statutes of limitations of the respective foreign countries in which the subsidiaries are located. The Company generally does not provide deferred income taxes for the undistributed earnings of its foreign subsidiaries where the Company intends to reinvest such earnings indefinitely. Should circumstances change and it becomes apparent that some or all of the undistributed earnings will no longer be indefinitely reinvested, the Company will accrue for income taxes not previously recognized, where applicable. As of December 31, 2022, the majority of the Company's foreign subsidiaries had no cumulative undistributed earnings and, as a result, there were no unrecorded deferred tax liabilities. The amount of undistributed earnings in the Company’s other foreign subsidiaries are immaterial.

Business Combinations

Business Combinations	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]
Business Combinations	Business Combinations Area 1 On April 1, 2022, the Company acquired all of the outstanding shares of Area 1, a company that has developed cloud-native email security technology, for a total purchase consideration of $156.6 million. The total purchase consideration included (i) acquisition-date cash payments of $82.6 million, net of $2.5 million of cash acquired, (ii) $63.5 million in shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, (iii) a cash holdback of $9.3 million, which the Company is retaining for up to 12 months and will be payable to the previous owners of Area 1, subject to offset by the Company for any of the previous owners’ indemnification obligations in connection with the acquisition, and (iv) a cash holdback of $1.1 million, which was subsequently paid to the previous owners of Area 1 during the year ended December 31, 2022. Concurrent with the closing of the acquisition, the Company made a cash payment of $4.1 million to repay Area 1’s debt, which was part of the acquisition-date cash payments included in the purchase consideration. In connection with the acquisition, the Company entered into compensation arrangements for stock-based and cash awards with a value totaling $15.9 million. Of the total stock-based and cash awards, $1.4 million cash awards were recognized as compensation expense on the acquisition date. Refer to Note 10 to these consolidated financial statements for further details on the share-based awards. The transaction-related costs for the acquisition were not material and are included in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2022. The fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the acquisition date are summarized as follows (in thousands): Accounts receivable, net $ 1,634 Prepaids and other current assets $ 953 Acquired Intangible Assets $ 43,300 Goodwill $ 119,743 Total assets acquired $ 165,630 Accounts Payable $ (254) Accrued expense and other current liabilities $ (595) Deferred revenue $ (5,736) Deferred revenue, noncurrent $ (1,213) Other noncurrent liabilities $ (1,267) Total purchase price $ 156,565 The acquired assets and assumed liabilities were recorded at their estimated fair values, except for deferred revenue which was recorded under ASC 606 in accordance with the early adoption of ASU 2021-08 Business Combinations (Topic 805), Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customer s effective January 1, 2022. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired was allocated to goodwill, none of which is expected to be deductible for tax purposes. Goodwill is primarily attributable to the assembled workforce as well as the anticipated synergies from the integration of Area 1’s technology with the Company's technology. An immaterial purchase accounting adjustment to revise purchase consideration and goodwill was made during the year ended December 31, 2022. This acquisition did not have a material impact on the Company’s reported revenue or net loss amounts for any period presented; therefore, historical and pro forma disclosures have not been presented . Vectrix On January 14, 2022, the Company acquired all of the outstanding shares of Vectrix, a company that has developed an online security technology that gives users the ability to scan and monitor SaaS applications for security issues, for a total purchase consideration of $7.6 million. The total purchase consideration included (i) acquisition-date cash payments of $4.3 million, net of $0.8 million of cash acquired, (ii) $2.0 million in shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, and (iii) a cash holdback of $1.3 million, which the Company is retaining for up to 18 months and will be payable to the previous owners of Vectrix, subject to offset by the Company for any of the previous owners’ indemnification obligations in connection with the acquisition. Concurrent with the closing of the acquisition, the Company made a cash payment of $2.0 million to cancel and settle Vectrix’s other existing equity-related agreements, which was part of the acquisition-date cash payments included in the purchase consideration. In connection with the acquisition, the Company entered into compensation arrangements for stock-based and cash awards with a value totaling $8.0 million, of which $2.6 million was recognized as compensation expense on the acquisition date. Additional compensation expense during the year ended December 31, 2022 were $1.3 million and the remaining compensation amount as of December 31, 2022 were not material. The transaction-related costs for the acquisition were not material and are included in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2022. The fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the acquisition date are summarized as follows (in thousands): Developed technology $ 3,100 Goodwill 4,962 Total assets acquired 8,062 Accounts Payable (20) Other noncurrent liabilities (430) Total purchase price $ 7,612 The acquired assets and assumed liabilities were recorded at their estimated fair values. The estimated useful life for the acquired developed technology is two years. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired was allocated to goodwill, none of which is expected to be deductible for tax purposes. Goodwill is primarily attributable to the assembled workforce as well as the anticipated synergies from the integration of Vectrix's technology with the Company's technology. An immaterial purchase accounting adjustment to revise purchase consideration and goodwill was made during the year ended December 31, 2022. This acquisition did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements; therefore, historical and pro forma disclosures have not been presented. Zaraz On October 15, 2021, the Company acquired all of the outstanding shares of Zaraz, a remote-first company, that has developed a server-side rendering technology, for a total purchase consideration of $7.2 million. The total purchase consideration included (i) acquisition-date cash payments of $5.6 million, net of $0.8 million of cash acquired, and (ii) $1.6 million in shares of the Company’s Class A common stock. Concurrent with the closing of the acquisition, the Company made a cash payment of $1.1 million to cancel and settle Zaraz’s existing equity arrangements, which was part of the acquisition-date cash payments included in the purchase consideration. In connection with the acquisition, the Company entered into compensation arrangements for stock-based and cash awards with a value totaling $6.5 million, of which $0.5 million was recorded as compensation expense during the year ended December 31, 2021. Additional compensation expense during the year ended December 31, 2022 were $2.1 million and the remaining compensation amount as of December 31, 2022 were not material. The fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the acquisition date are summarized as follows (in thousands): Developed technology 1,400 Goodwill 6,176 Total assets acquired 7,576 Accrued compensation (82) Other noncurrent liabilities (322) Total purchase price $ 7,172 The acquired assets and assumed liabilities were recorded at their estimated fair values. The estimated useful life for the acquired developed technology is two years. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired was allocated to goodwill, none of which is expected to be deductible for tax purposes. Goodwill is primarily attributable to the assembled workforce as well as the anticipated synergies from the integration of Zaraz's technology with the Company's technology. An immaterial purchase accounting adjustment to revise purchase consideration and goodwill was made during the year ended December 31, 2022. This acquisition did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements; therefore, historical and pro forma disclosures have not been presented. S2 Systems In January 2020, the Company acquired all of the outstanding shares of S2, a company based in Kirkland, Washington that has developed browser isolation technology, for a total purchase consideration of $17.7 million. The Company is incorporating S2's technology into the Company's Cloudflare Gateway product. The total purchase consideration included (i) acquisition-date cash payments of $13.7 million, net of $0.1 million of cash acquired, (ii) $1.8 million in shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, and (iii) a cash holdback of $2.2 million, which the Company is retaining for up to 18 months and will be payable to the previous owners of S2, subject to offset by the Company for any of the previous owners’ indemnification obligations in connection with the acquisition. Such cash holdback was paid in full during the year ended December 31, 2021. Concurrent with the closing of the acquisition, the Company made a cash payment of $6.9 million to repay S2’s debt, which was part of the acquisition-date cash payments included in the purchase consideration. In connection with the acquisition, the Company entered into compensation arrangements for stock-based and cash awards with a value totaling $20.3 million. The Company recorded total compensation expense of $5.7 million and $11.4 million during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Additional compensation expense during the year ended December 31, 2022 and the remaining compensation amount as of December 31, 2022 were not material. The fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the acquisition date are summarized as follows (in thousands): Prepaid expenses and other current assets $ 6 Developed technology 5,600 Goodwill 13,084 Total assets acquired 18,690 Accrued expenses and other current liabilities (208) Other noncurrent liabilities (782) Total purchase price $ 17,700 A note payable of $0.2 million, included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the table above, assumed on the acquisition date, was paid off during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020. The acquired assets and assumed liabilities were recorded at their estimated fair values. The estimated useful life for the acquired developed technology is two years. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired was allocated to goodwill, none of which is expected to be deductible for tax purposes. Goodwill is primarily attributable to the assembled workforce as well as the anticipated synergies from the integration of S2's technology with the Company's technology. A purchase accounting adjustment of $0.8 million to revise purchase consideration and goodwill was made during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020. This acquisition did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements; therefore, historical and pro forma disclosures have not been presented.

Segment and Geographic Informat

Segment and Geographic Information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Segment and Geographic Information	Segment and Geographic Information The Company’s chief operating decision maker (CODM) is its CEO, President and COO, and CFO. Collectively, the CODM reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. The Company has no segment managers who are held accountable by the CODM for operations, operating results, and planning for levels or components below the consolidated unit level. Accordingly, the Company has determined it has a single operating segment. Refer to Note 3 to these consolidated financial statements for revenue by geography. The Company’s property and equipment, net, by geographic area were as follows: December 31, 2022 2021 (in thousands) United States $ 184,753 $ 120,357 Rest of the world 101,847 63,379 Total property and equipment, net $ 286,600 $ 183,736

Summary of Significant Accoun_2

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation	Basis of PresentationThe accompanying consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (U.S. GAAP) and include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries.
Principles of Consolidation	Principles of ConsolidationAll intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Fiscal Period	The Company’s fiscal year ends on December 31.
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. Such estimates include, but are not limited to, allowance for doubtful accounts, deferred contract acquisitions costs, the period of benefit generated from the Company’s deferred contract acquisition costs, the capitalization and estimated useful life of internal-use software, valuation of acquired intangible assets, the assessment of recoverability of intangible assets and their estimated useful lives, useful lives of property and equipment, the determination of the incremental borrowing rate used for operating lease liabilities, the valuation and recognition of stock-based compensation awards, uncertain tax positions, and the recognition and measurement of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities. Management bases these estimates and assumptions on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable. Due in part to the Russia-Ukraine conflict and other macroeconomic and geopolitical conditions, there is ongoing uncertainty and significant disruption in the global economy and financial markets. The Company is not aware of any specific event or circumstance that would require an update to its estimates or assumptions or a revision of the carrying value of its assets or liabilities as of February 24, 2023, the date of issuance of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. These estimates and assumptions may change in the future, however, as new events occur and additional information is obtained . Actual results could differ materially from these estimates.
Concentration of Risks	Concentrations of Risks The Company’s revenue is reliant on its customers utilizing Internet-based services. These services can be prone to rapid changes in technology and government regulation. If the Company were unable to keep pace with customers’ needs and continue to improve its technological capabilities, or if another firm were to introduce competitive products, or a government jurisdiction were to enact legislation detrimental to the Company’s business, such an event or events could adversely affect the Company’s operating results. The Company serves its customers from co-location facilities located in various cities and countries around the world. The Company has internal procedures to restore services in the event of disasters at its current co-location facilities. Even with these procedures for disaster recovery in place, the Company’s services could be significantly interrupted during the implementation of restoration procedures. The Company’s financial instruments that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, available-for-sale securities, and accounts receivable. Although the Company maintains cash deposits and cash equivalent balances with multiple financial institutions, the deposits, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. Cash and cash equivalents may be withdrawn or redeemed on demand. The
Revenue Recognition	Revenue Recognition In accordance with ASC 606, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised services. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration that the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for these services. To achieve this standard, the Company applies the following five steps: 1. Identify the contract with a customer 2. Identify the performance obligations in the contract 3. Determine the transaction price 4. Allocate the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract 5. Recognize revenue when or as the Company satisfies a performance obligation The Company generates sales directly through its sales team and through its channel partners. Revenue from sales to channel partners are recorded once all revenue recognition criteria above are met. Channel partners generally receive an order from an end-customer prior to placing an order with the Company. Payment from channel partners is not contingent on the partner’s collection from end-customers. The Company’s performance obligation primarily consists of subscription and support services that are provided over the same service period. Variable Consideration If the Company’s services do not meet certain service level commitments, its customers are entitled to receive service credits, and in certain cases, refunds, each representing a form of variable consideration. Revenue from sales is recorded at the net sales price, which is the transaction price, and includes estimates of these forms of variable consideration to the extent that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue is probable to not occur in a future period. The Company has historically not experienced any incidents that had a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. Accordingly, any estimated refunds related to these agreements in the consolidated financial statements are not material during the periods presented. Usage-based consideration is primarily related to fees charged for the Company’s customer’s use of excess bandwidth when accessing the Company’s network and products in a given period and is recognized as revenue in the period in which the usage occurs. Subscription and Support Revenue The Company generates revenue primarily from sales to its customers of subscriptions to access its network and products, together with related support services. Arrangements with customers generally do not provide the customer with the right to take possession of the Company’s software operating its global network and products at any time. Instead, customers are granted continuous access to the Company’s global network and products over the contractual period. Access to the Company’s network and products is considered a monthly series comprising one performance obligation. A time-elapsed output method is used to measure progress because the Company transfers control evenly over the contractual period. Accordingly, the fixed consideration related to subscription and support revenue is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract term beginning on the date that the Company’s service is made available to the customer. Usage-based consideration is primarily related to fees charged for the Company’s customer’s use of excess bandwidth when accessing the Company’s network and products in a given period and is recognized as revenue in the period in which the usage occurs. The subscription and support term contracts for the Company’s contracted customers, typically range from one Costs to Obtain and Fulfill a Contract The Company capitalizes sales commission and associated payroll taxes paid to internal sales personnel that are incremental to the acquisition of channel partner and direct customer contracts. These costs are recorded as deferred contract acquisition costs on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company determines whether costs should be deferred based on its sales compensation plans, if the commissions are in fact incremental and would not have occurred absent the customer contract. Sales commissions for renewal of a contract are not considered commensurate with the commissions paid for the acquisition of the initial contract. Commissions paid upon the initial acquisition of a contract are amortized over an estimated period of benefit of three years while commissions paid for renewal contracts are amortized over the contractual term of the renewals. Amortization of deferred contract acquisition costs is recognized on a straight-line basis commensurate with the pattern of revenue recognition and included in sales and marketing expense in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company determines the period of benefit for commissions paid for the acquisition of the initial contract by taking into consideration the expected subscription term and expected renewals of its customer contracts, the duration of its relationships with its customers, customer retention data, its technology development lifecycle, and other factors. The Company periodically reviews the carrying amount of deferred contract acquisition costs to determine whether events or changes in circumstances have occurred that could impact the period of benefit of these deferred costs.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance	Accounts Receivable and AllowanceAccounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and are non-interest bearing. Accounts receivable are stated at their net realizable value, net of a sales allowance and an allowance for doubtful accounts. Credit is extended to customers based on an evaluation of their financial condition and other factors. The Company establishes a sales allowance at the time of revenue recognition based on its history of adjustments and credits provided to customers. In determining the necessary allowance for doubtful accounts, the Company considers the current aging and financial condition of its customers, the amount of receivables in dispute, and current payment patterns. Accounts receivable are written off against the allowance when management determines a balance is uncollectible and the Company no longer actively pursues collection of the receivable. The Company does not have any off-balance-sheet credit exposure related to its customers.
Cost of Revenue	Cost of Revenue Cost of revenue consists primarily of expenses that are directly related to providing the Company's service to its paying customers. These expenses include expenses related to operating in co-location facilities, network and bandwidth costs, depreciation of the Company's equipment located in co-location facilities, certificate authority services costs for paying customers, related overhead costs, the amortization of the Company's capitalized internal-use software, and the amortization of acquired developed technologies. Cost of revenue also includes employee-related costs, including salaries, bonuses, benefits, and stock-based compensation for employees whose primary responsibilities relate to supporting the Company's paying customers and delivering paid customer support. Other costs included in cost of revenue include credit card fees related to processing customer transactions and allocated overhead costs.
Research and Development	Research and Development The Company charges costs related to research, design, and development of products to research and development expense in the consolidated statements of operations as incurred. Research and development
Advertising Expense	Advertising ExpenseAdvertising costs are charged to sales and marketing expense in the consolidated statements of operations as incurred.
Stock-based Compensation	Stock-based Compensation The Company measures and recognizes stock-based compensation expense based on the grant date fair value of the awards. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur. The grant date fair value of restricted stock units (RSUs) is estimated based on the fair value of the Company's underlying common stock. The grant date fair value of stock options with service-based vesting only is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The grant date fair value of stock options with market conditions is estimated using the Monte Carlo simulation pricing model. The grant date fair value and the stock-based compensation expense related to purchase rights issued under the 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP) is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and is based on the estimated number of awards as of the beginning of the offering period, respectively. The Black-Scholes and Monte Carlo simulation option pricing models require the use of highly subjective assumptions, including the award’s expected term, the fair value of the underlying common stock, the expected volatility of the price of the common stock, risk-free interest rates, and the expected dividend yield of the common stock. The assumptions used to determine the fair value of the stock-based awards are management’s best estimates and involve inherent uncertainties and the application of judgment. The expected term represents the period that the Company’s stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding. As the Company does not have sufficient historical experience for determining the expected term of the stock option awards granted, it has based its expected term on the simplified method available under U.S. GAAP. The grant date fair value of RSUs is estimated based on the fair value of the Company's underlying common stock. Stock-based compensation expense for awards with service-based vesting only is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the awards, which is generally four years. The assumptions used to determine the fair value of the stock-based awards are management’s best estimates and involve inherent uncertainties and the application of judgment. The expected term represents the period that the Company’s stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding. As the Company does not have sufficient historical experience for determining the expected term of the stock option awards granted, it has based its expected term on the simplified method available under U.S. GAAP. Stock-based compensation expense for awards with service-based vesting only is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the awards, which is generally four years. Stock-based compensation expense for awards with service and market conditions is recognized on a graded attribution basis over the requisite service period of the awards as derived from the Monte Carlo simulation pricing model. Prior to the initial public offering of the Company's Class A common stock in 2019 (IPO), the fair value of the Company's common stock for financial reporting purposes was determined considering numerous objective and subjective factors and required judgment to determine the fair value of common stock as of each grant date. Subsequent to the IPO, the Company determines the fair value using the market closing price of its Class A common stock on the date of grant.
Income Taxes	Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Deferred income taxes are recognized by applying the enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years to differences between the carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the period
Foreign Currency Remeasurement	Foreign Currency RemeasurementThe Company's functional currency of its foreign subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar. The monetary assets and liabilities that are denominated in a currency other than the U.S. dollar of the Company's foreign subsidiaries are remeasured into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date, while nonmonetary items are remeasured at historical rates. Revenue and expenses are remeasured at average exchange rates during the period. Transaction gains and losses that arise from exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are included in other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations.
Cash and Cash Equivalents	Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with an original maturity from the date of purchase of 90 days or less.
Restricted Cash	Restricted Cash The Company's restricted cash at December 31, 2022 is primarily related to indemnity holdback consideration associated with business combinations. Restrictions typically lapse at the end of the holdback term, and the Company classifies restricted cash as current or non-current based on the remaining term of the restriction. The Company's restricted cash at December 31, 2021 is primarily related to securing letters of credit in connection with our operating leases. Restrictions typically lapse at the end of the lease term, and the Company classifies restricted cash as current or non-current based on the remaining term of the restriction.
Available-for-sale Securities and Other-than-temporary Impairment	Available-for-sale Securities The Company’s available-for-sale securities consist of U.S. treasury securities, U.S. government agency securities, commercial paper, and corporate bonds. The Company has designated all securities held by it as available-for-sale and therefore, such securities are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss on the consolidated balance sheets. For securities sold prior to maturity, the cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. Realized gains and losses on the sale of available-for-sale securities are recorded in other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations. A ll securities are classified within current assets as such securities can be liquidated to fund current operations without penalty. Other-than-temporary Impairment
Fair Value Measurements	Fair Value Measurements The Company's available-for-sale securities are recorded at fair value. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash are recorded at cost, which approximates fair value. Additionally, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximates fair value due to their short-term nature.
Property and Equipment	Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which is generally as follows: Useful Lives Servers—network infrastructure 4 years Buildings 30 years Office and computer equipment 3 years Office furniture 3 years Software 3 years Leasehold improvements Lesser of useful life or term of lease Asset retirement obligation Lesser of useful life or term of lease Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred.
Capitalized Internal-Use Software Development Costs	Capitalized Internal-Use Software Development CostsCertain development costs related to the Company’s global network and products during the application development stage are capitalized. Costs incurred in the preliminary stages of development are analogous to research and development activities and are expensed as incurred. The preliminary stage includes such activities as conceptual formulation of alternatives, evaluation of alternatives, determination of existence of needed technology, and final selection of alternatives. Once the application development stage is reached, internal and external costs are capitalized until the software is substantially complete and ready for its intended use. Capitalized costs are recorded as part of property and equipment, net. Capitalized internal-use software is amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life, which is generally three years, and is recorded as cost of revenue in the consolidated statements of operations.
Business Combinations	Business Combinations The Company includes the results of operations of the businesses that the Company acquires from the date of acquisition. The fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed is based on their estimated fair values as of the respective date of acquisition. Upon early adoption of Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers , effective January 1, 2022, the Company measures and recognizes contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination on the acquisition date in accordance with ASC 606. Refer to Recent Accounting Pronouncements sub-section below for further detail of the adoption of ASU 2021-08. The excess purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recorded as goodwill. Where the purchase price is less than the fair value of the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed, the difference is recorded as a bargain purchase gain. Determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed requires significant judgment and estimates including the selection of valuation methodologies, future expected cash flows, discount rates, and useful lives. The Company’s estimates of fair value are based on assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and, as a result, actual results may differ from estimates. During the measurement period, not to exceed one year from the date of acquisition, the Company may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with a corresponding offset to goodwill. At the conclusion of the measurement period, or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are reflected in the consolidated statements of operations. When the Company issues payments or grants of equity to selling stockholders in connection with an acquisition, the Company evaluates whether the payments or awards are compensatory. This evaluation includes whether cash payments or stock award vesting is contingent on the continued employment of the selling stockholder beyond the acquisition date. If continued employment is required for the cash to be paid or stock awards to vest, the award is treated as compensation for post-acquisition services and is recognized as compensation expense. Transaction costs associated with business combinations are expensed as incurred, and are included in general and administrative expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.
Convertible Senior Notes	Convertible Senior Notes Prior to January 1, 2022, the Company accounted for its 0.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2025 (the 2025 Notes) and its 0.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 (the 2026 Notes and together with the 2025 Notes, the Notes) as separate liability and equity components. On issuance, the carrying amount of the liability component was calculated by measuring the fair value of a similar debt instrument that did not have an associated convertible feature. The carrying amount of the equity component, representing the conversion option, was calculated by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the total principal of the Notes. The excess of the principal amount of the liability component over its book value (debt discount) is amortized to interest expense over the term of the Notes. In accounting for the issuance costs related to the Notes, the allocation of issuance costs incurred between the liability and equity components was based on their relative values. Issuance costs attributable to the liability component are being amortized over the contractual term of the Notes. Effective January 1, 2022, the Company adopted ASU 2020-06. As a result, the Notes are each accounted for as a single liability measured at its amortized cost, as no other embedded features require bifurcation and recognition as derivatives, thereby eliminating the subsequent amortization of the debt discount as interest expense. For further details on the ASU 2020-06 adoption, refer to Recent Accounting Pronouncements section below. Transactions involving contemporaneous exchanges of cash between the same debtor and creditor in connection with the issuance of a new debt obligation and satisfaction of an existing debt obligation by the debtor are evaluated as a modification or an exchange transaction depending on whether the exchange is determined to have substantially different terms. For exchange transactions that are considered an extinguishment of debt, the total consideration for such an exchange is separated into liability and equity components by estimating the fair value of a similar liability without a conversion option and assigning the residual value to the equity component. The gain or loss on extinguishment of the debt is subsequently determined by comparing repurchase consideration allocated to the liability component to the sum of the carrying value of the liability component, net of the proportionate amounts of unamortized debt discount and remaining unamortized debt issuance costs.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets	Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of an acquired business over the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired. The carrying amount of goodwill is reviewed for impairment at least annually, in the fourth quarter, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had a single operating segment and reporting unit structure. As part of the annual goodwill impairment test, the Company first performs a qualitative assessment to determine whether further impairment testing is necessary. If, as a result of the qualitative assessment, it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the quantitative impairment test will be required. If the Company has determined it necessary to perform a quantitative impairment assessment, the Company will compare the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount and recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, limited to the total amount of goodwill of the reporting unit. The Company did not recognize any goodwill impairment charges for any of the periods presented. Intangible assets are carried at cost, net of accumulated amortization. Intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. The Company estimates the useful life by estimating the expected period of economic benefit. The estimated useful life of the Company’s acquired developed technology and trade name intangible assets is two years and the estimated useful life of the Company's acquired customer relations intangible assets is eight years.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets	Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company evaluates long-lived assets, which include depreciable tangible assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of long-lived assets may not be recoverable. The recoverability of these assets is measured by comparing the carrying amounts to the future undiscounted cash flows these assets are expected to generate. The Company recognizes an impairment in the event the carrying amount of such assets exceeds the fair value attributable to such assets. There were no events or changes in circumstances that indicated the long-lived assets were impaired during any of the periods presented.
Operating Leases	Operating Leases The Company enters into lease arrangements for real estate assets related to office space and for co-location assets related to space and equipment located in co-location facilities. The Company determines if an arrangement is, or contains, a lease at its inception by assessing whether there is an identified asset and whether the arrangement conveys the right to control the use of the identified asset in exchange for consideration for a period of time. All of the Company's leases are classified as operating leases. At lease commencement, the Company recognizes right-of-use assets, operating lease liabilities, and operating lease liabilities, noncurrent in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, with the exception of short-term leases with an original term of 12 months or less. Right-of-use assets represent the Company's right to use an underlying asset for the lease term including any renewal options that it is reasonably certain to exercise. The Company generally uses the base, non-cancelable lease term when initially recognizing the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities, unless it is reasonably certain that a renewal or termination option will be exercised. A lease may be modified subsequent to its initial measurement for changes in reasonably certain holding period related to significant events. Such events include, but are not limited to, significant leasehold improvements, and points in time when the Company elects to exercise an option that it was not previously reasonably certain to exercise. Operating lease liabilities represent the present value of the Company's obligation to make payments arising from the lease. Right-of-use assets are initially measured based on the corresponding lease liability adjusted for ( i) payments made to the lessor at or before the commencement date, (ii) initial direct costs incurred and (iii) tenant incentives received, incurred or payable under the lease. Right-of-use assets are periodically reviewed for impairment. Lease liabilities are initially measured at the present value of total minimum lease payments not yet paid. As the implicit rate of the Company's leases is not determinable, the Company uses an incremental borrowing rate (IBR) based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. Minimum lease payments consist of the fixed payments under the arrangement and variable payments that depend on an underlying index or rate, less any lease incentives such as tenant improvement allowanc es not yet received at commencement date. Variable lease costs that do not depend on an index or a rate are expensed as incurred and not included within the calculation of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities. The Company's operating lease arrangements contain both lease and non-lease components. At inception of an arrangement for co-location assets related to space and equipment located in co-location facilities, the Company allocates the consideration to the lease and non-lease components and recognizes a right-of-use asset and corresponding lease liability for only the lease components. Lease expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.
Legal Contingencies	Legal Contingencies The Company accrues a liability for an estimated loss for legal contingencies if the potential loss from any claim or legal proceeding is considered probable, and the amount can be reasonably estimated. The Company believes there are no legal proceedings pending that could have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on its results of operations or financial condition.
Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders	Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders Basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is presented in conformity with the two-class method required for multiple classes of common stock and participating securities. The Company considers any shares issued on the early exercise of stock options subject to repurchase to be participating securities because holders of such shares have nonforfeitable dividend rights in the event a dividend is paid on common stock. Under the two-class method, net income is attributed to common stockholders and participating securities based on their participation rights. The holders of early exercised shares subject to repurchase do not have a contractual obligation to share in the losses of the Company. As such, the Company’s net losses for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 were not allocated to these participating securities. The rights, including the liquidation and dividend rights, of the Class A common stock and Class B common stock are substantially identical, other than voting rights. Accordingly, the Class A common stock and Class B common stock share proportionately in the Company’s net losses. Under the two-class method, basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, less shares subject to repurchase. Vested RSUs that have not been settled have been included in the appropriate common share class used to calculate basic net loss per share. Diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders adjusts basic net loss per share for the effect of dilutive securities, including awards under the Company's equity incentive plans. As the Company has reported losses for all periods presented, all potentially dilutive securities are antidilutive and accordingly, basic net loss per share equals diluted net loss per share.
Segment and Geographic Information	Segment and Geographic InformationThe Company has one reportable and operating segment.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements	Recent Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In August 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU 2020-06, Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (ASC 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity's Own Equity (ASC 815-40) . The FASB issued this ASU to simplify the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity, including convertible instruments and contracts on an entity's own equity. This ASU removes the separation models for convertible debt with a cash conversion feature and convertible instruments with a beneficial conversion feature. Convertible instruments that continue to be subject to separation models are (1) those with conversion options that are required to be accounted for as bifurcated derivatives and (2) convertible debt instruments issued with substantial premiums for which the premiums are recorded as paid-in capital. The ASU also requires the if-converted method to be applied for all convertible instruments when calculating earnings per share. For public business entities, these amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company adopted ASU 2020-06 effective January 1, 2022 using the modified retrospective method and therefore financial information for periods before January 1, 2022 were not impacted. Adoption of ASU 2020-06 resulted in an increase in the carrying value of the Notes by approximately $288.9 million, of which $4.4 million was classified as a current portion of convertible senior notes, net, to reflect the full principal amount of the Notes outstanding, net of unamortized debt discount and issuance costs, a decrease in additional paid-in capital of approximately $318.8 million and temporary equity, convertible senior notes of approximately $4.4 million to remove the equity component separately recorded for the conversion option associated with the Notes and its allocated issuance costs, and a cumulative-effect adjustment of approximately $34.3 million to the beginning balance of accumulated deficit as of January 1, 2022. In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers , which requires contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination to be recognized and measured by the acquirer on the acquisition date in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Historically, such assets and liabilities are recognized by the acquirer at fair value in accordance with Topic 805.The ASU is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022, on a prospective basis, with early adoption permitted. The Company early adopted this standard effective January 1, 2022, and such adoption did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

Summary of Significant Accoun_3

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Schedule of Property and Equipment	Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which is generally as follows: Useful Lives Servers—network infrastructure 4 years Buildings 30 years Office and computer equipment 3 years Office furniture 3 years Software 3 years Leasehold improvements Lesser of useful life or term of lease Asset retirement obligation Lesser of useful life or term of lease Property and equipment, net consisted of the following: December 31, 2022 2021 (in thousands) Property and equipment: Servers—network infrastructure $ 239,828 $ 151,462 Construction in progress 72,827 41,424 Capitalized internal-use software 88,541 63,331 Office and computer equipment 30,577 24,451 Office furniture 6,547 5,927 Software 5,962 4,032 Leasehold improvements 20,392 12,892 Asset retirement obligation 827 430 Gross property and equipment 465,501 303,949 Less accumulated depreciation and amortization (178,901) (120,213) Total property and equipment, net $ 286,600 $ 183,736

Revenue (Tables)

Revenue (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue	The following table summarizes the revenue by region based on the billing address of customers who have contracted to use the Company’s global network and products: Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 (dollars in thousands) Amount Percentage Amount Percentage Amount Percentage United States $ 515,722 53 % $ 342,578 52 % $ 218,191 51 % Europe, Middle East, and Africa 258,291 26 % 172,129 26 % 109,274 25 % Asia Pacific 133,353 14 % 96,537 15 % 76,177 18 % Other 67,875 7 % 45,182 7 % 27,417 6 % Total $ 975,241 100 % $ 656,426 100 % $ 431,059 100 % The following table summarizes the revenue from contracts by type of customer: Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 (dollars in thousands) Amount Percentage Amount Percentage Amount Percentage Channel partners $ 122,522 13 % $ 73,802 11 % $ 45,300 11 % Direct customers 852,719 87 % 582,624 89 % 385,759 89 % Total $ 975,241 100 % $ 656,426 100 % $ 431,059 100 %
Summary of Deferred Contract Acquisition Costs	The following table summarizes the activity of the deferred contract acquisition costs: Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 (in thousands) Beginning balance $ 70,320 $ 44,176 $ 25,184 Capitalization of contract acquisition costs 67,940 55,411 36,316 Amortization of deferred contract acquisition costs (45,115) (29,267) (17,324) Ending balance $ 93,145 $ 70,320 $ 44,176

Fair Value Measurements (Tables

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Schedule of Fair Value by Significant Investment Category	The following table summarizes the Company’s cash and available-for-sale securities’ amortized cost, unrealized gains (losses), and fair value by significant investment category reported as cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash short-term, restricted cash, or available-for-sale securities as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. (in thousands) Reported as: December 31, 2022 Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Fair Value Cash & Cash Equivalents Available-for-sale Securities Restricted Cash (Current and Non-Current) Cash $ 87,719 $ — $ — $ 87,719 $ 77,164 $ — $ 10,555 Level I: Money market funds 125,450 — — 125,450 124,979 — 471 Level II: Corporate bonds 258,617 46 (2,621) 256,042 2,035 254,007 — U.S. treasury securities 818,379 20 (9,233) 809,166 — 809,166 — U.S. government agency securities 25,283 — (31) 25,252 — 25,252 — Commercial paper 357,334 — — 357,334 — 357,334 — Subtotal 1,459,613 66 (11,885) 1,447,794 2,035 1,445,759 — Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis $ 1,672,782 $ 66 $ (11,885) $ 1,660,963 $ 204,178 $ 1,445,759 $ 11,026 (in thousands) Reported as: December 31, 2021 Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Fair Value Cash & Cash Equivalents Available-for-sale Securities Restricted Cash (Current and Non-Current) Cash $ 64,542 $ — $ — $ 64,542 $ 64,021 $ — $ 521 Level I: Money market funds 253,075 — — 253,075 246,415 — 6,660 Level II: Corporate bonds 202,774 16 (289) 202,501 3,341 199,160 — U.S. treasury securities 960,278 2 (2,298) 957,982 — 957,982 — U.S. government agency securities — — — — — — — Commercial paper 350,924 — — 350,924 — 350,924 — Subtotal 1,513,976 18 (2,587) 1,511,407 3,341 1,508,066 — Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis $ 1,831,593 $ 18 $ (2,587) $ 1,829,024 $ 313,777 $ 1,508,066 $ 7,181

Balance Sheet Components (Table

Balance Sheet Components (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Schedule of Activity in Allowance for Doubtful Accounts	Activity in the allowance for doubtful accounts was as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 (in thousands) Beginning balance $ 2,644 $ 1,703 $ 533 Provision for bad debt 4,836 3,735 3,368 Write-off of uncollectible accounts receivable (4,346) (2,794) (2,198) Ending balance $ 3,134 $ 2,644 $ 1,703
Schedule of Property and Equipment, Net	Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which is generally as follows: Useful Lives Servers—network infrastructure 4 years Buildings 30 years Office and computer equipment 3 years Office furniture 3 years Software 3 years Leasehold improvements Lesser of useful life or term of lease Asset retirement obligation Lesser of useful life or term of lease Property and equipment, net consisted of the following: December 31, 2022 2021 (in thousands) Property and equipment: Servers—network infrastructure $ 239,828 $ 151,462 Construction in progress 72,827 41,424 Capitalized internal-use software 88,541 63,331 Office and computer equipment 30,577 24,451 Office furniture 6,547 5,927 Software 5,962 4,032 Leasehold improvements 20,392 12,892 Asset retirement obligation 827 430 Gross property and equipment 465,501 303,949 Less accumulated depreciation and amortization (178,901) (120,213) Total property and equipment, net $ 286,600 $ 183,736
Schedule of Acquired Intangible Assets, Net	Acquired intangible assets, net consisted of the following: December 31, 2022 Gross Carrying Accumulated Net Book (in thousands) Developed technology $ 40,100 $ 19,191 $ 20,909 Trade name 1,700 638 1,062 Customer relationships 11,600 1,088 10,512 Total acquired intangible assets, net $ 53,400 $ 20,917 $ 32,483 December 31, 2021 Gross Carrying Accumulated Net Book (in thousands) Developed technology $ 7,000 $ 5,746 $ 1,254 Total acquired intangible assets, net $ 7,000 $ 5,746 $ 1,254
Schedule of Estimated Future Amortization Expense of Acquired Intangible Assets	As of December 31, 2022, the estimated future amortization expense of acquired intangible assets was as follows: Estimated (in thousands) Year ending December 31, 2023 $ 19,403 2024 5,468 2025 1,450 2026 1,450 2027 1,450 Thereafter 3,262 Total $ 32,483

Leases (Tables)

Leases (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Schedule of Lease Costs	The components of lease cost related to the Company's operating leases included in the consolidated statements of operations were as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 (in thousands) Operating lease cost $ 36,332 $ 25,091 $ 19,544 Sublease income — (1,096) (2,829) Total lease cost $ 36,332 $ 23,995 $ 16,715
Schedule of Lease Liability Maturities	Maturities of the operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2022 are as follows: December 31, 2022 (in thousands) 2023 $ 33,902 2024 32,525 2025 25,340 2026 22,242 2027 19,172 Thereafter 24,864 Total lease payments $ 158,045 Less: Imputed interest $ (17,146) Total operating lease liabilities $ 140,899 Maturities of the operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2021 were as follows: December 31, 2021 (in thousands) 2022 $ 28,080 2023 26,536 2024 24,685 2025 18,294 2026 16,317 Thereafter 37,428 Total lease payments $ 151,340 Less: Imputed interest $ (17,128) Total operating lease liabilities $ 134,212

Debt (Tables)

Debt (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Convertible Debt	The net carrying amounts of the Notes were as follows: December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 2026 Notes 2025 Notes 2026 Notes 2025 Notes (in thousands) Principal $ 1,293,750 $ 158,429 $ 1,293,750 $ 175,000 Unamortized debt discount (1) — — (248,179) (45,382) Unamortized debt issuance costs (14,348) (1,639) (14,541) (1,654) Carrying amount, net (2) $ 1,279,402 $ 156,790 $ 1,031,030 $ 127,964 (1) The carrying value of the equity components of the 2025 Notes and 2026 Notes as of December 31, 2021 was eliminated upon the adoption of ASU 2020-06. Refer to Note 2 to these consolidated financial statements. (2) The net carrying amounts as of December 31, 2021 represented the liability components of the Notes prior to the adoption of ASU 2020-06. Initial carrying amounts of the liability components were calculated using effective interest rates of 10.0% and 4.65% for the 2025 Notes and 2026 Notes, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, the carrying amounts of the equity components were $61.1 million and $262.1 million, net of the issuance costs attributable to the equity component of $1.4 million and $4.1 million, respectively.
Schedule of Interest Expense	The following tables set forth total interest expense recognized related to the Notes: Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 2026 Notes 2025 Notes 2026 Notes 2025 Notes 2026 Notes 2025 Notes (in thousands) Coupon interest expense $ — $ 1,201 $ — $ 3,162 $ — $ 2,707 Amortization of debt discount (1) — — 17,971 25,834 — 20,616 Amortization of debt issuance costs 3,958 701 1,184 1,185 — 1,013 Total $ 3,958 $ 1,902 $ 19,155 $ 30,181 $ — $ 24,336 (1) As a result of the adoption of ASU 2020-06 on January 1, 2022, there is no debt discount associated with either the 2025 Notes or the 2026 Notes. Refer to Note 2 to these consolidated financial statements.

Commitment and Contingencies (T

Commitment and Contingencies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Purchase Commitments	Refer to the table below for long-term bandwidth and co-location commitments under non-cancelable contracts with various networks and Internet service providers as of December 31, 2022. For the lease components of co-location agreements, refer to Note 6 to these consolidated financial statements. Payments Due by Period as of December 31, 2022 Total 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 Thereafter (in thousands) Non-cancelable: Open purchase agreements (1) $ 93,754 $ 39,221 $ 9,591 $ 37,570 $ 2,274 $ 1,122 $ 3,976 Bandwidth and other co-location related commitments (2) 132,167 49,540 35,776 19,100 13,054 10,291 4,406 Other commitments (3) 10,483 10,483 — — — — — Total $ 236,404 $ 99,244 $ 45,367 $ 56,670 $ 15,328 $ 11,413 $ 8,382 (1) Open purchase commitments are for the purchase of services under non-cancelable contracts. They were not recorded as liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022 as the Company had not yet received the related services. (2) Long-term commitments for bandwidth usage and other co-location related commitments with various networks and Internet service providers. The costs for services not yet received were not recorded as liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022. (3) Indemnity holdback consideration associated with the Area 1 and Vectrix acquisitions. See Note 13.

Common Stock (Tables)

Common Stock (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Equity [Abstract]
Schedule of Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance	Shares of common stock reserved for future issuance, on an as-if converted basis, are as follows: December 31, 2022 2021 (in thousands) 2025 Notes 5,503 6,078 2026 Notes 10,311 10,311 Stock options issued and outstanding 15,886 13,603 Remaining shares available for issuance under the 2019 Plan (1) 44,693 30,761 Outstanding and unsettled restricted stock units (RSUs) 10,196 7,417 Shares available for issuance under the ESPP 10,990 8,056 Total shares of common stock reserved 97,579 76,226 (1) Remaining shares available for issuance under the 2019 Plan as of December 31, 2021, are net of the Co-Founder Performance Awards. See Note 10.

Stock-based Compensation (Table

Stock-based Compensation (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Schedule of Stock-based Awards	The following table summarizes the stock options activity under the 2010 Plan and 2019 Plan during the periods presented: Stock Options Outstanding (in thousands, except year and per share data) Shares Subject Weighted- Weighted- Aggregate Balances as of December 31, 2019 21,191 $ 2.30 7.4 $ 312,720 Options granted 1,710 $ 18.05 Options exercised (4,451) $ 1.73 $ 142,758 Options canceled/forfeited/expired (264) $ 2.61 Balances as of December 31, 2020 18,186 $ 3.92 7.0 $ 1,310,650 Options granted 100 $ 137.17 Options exercised (4,455) $ 4.83 $ 503,243 Options canceled/forfeited/expired (228) $ 2.67 Balances as of December 31, 2021 13,603 $ 12.47 6.0 $ 1,726,440 Options granted 5,733 $ 97.71 Options exercised (2,484) $ 4.08 $ 180,990 Options canceled/forfeited/expired (966) $ 74.88 Balances as of December 31, 2022 15,886 $ 34.21 6.3 $ 451,782 Vested and expected to vest as of December 31, 2022 15,876 $ 34.23 6.3 $ 451,395 Exercisable as of December 31, 2022 10,340 $ 3.35 4.8 $ 436,824
Schedule of Assumptions Used to Determine the Fair Value of Stock Options Granted	The weighted-average assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Other Performance Awards granted were as follows: Year ended December 31, 2022 Expected term (in years) 9.83 Expected volatility 59.5 % Risk-free interest rate 3.0 % Dividend yield — The weighted-average assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Assumed Area 1 Stock Options during the year ended December 31, 2022 were as follows: Year ended December 31, 2022 Expected term (in years) 2.3 Expected volatility 66.7 % Risk-free interest rate 2.5 % Dividend yield — The weighted-average assumptions used to determine the fair value of stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2021, and 2020 were as follows: Year ended December 31, 2021 2020 Expected term (in years) 6.0 6.0 Expected volatility 59.6 % 40.3 % Risk-free interest rate 1.3 % 0.7 % Dividend yield — —
Schedule of Restricted Stock Units Activity	RSU activity under the 2019 Plan and the 2010 Plan for the year ended December 31, 2022 was as follows: Restricted Stock and RSUs Weighted-Average (in thousands, except per share data) Unvested and outstanding as of December 31, 2019 6,508 $ 11.08 Granted - RSUs 4,153 $ 33.13 Granted - Restricted stock 949 $ 17.06 Vested - RSUs (2,286) $ 11.80 Vested - Restricted stock (107) $ 17.06 Forfeited (588) $ 13.18 Unvested as of December 31, 2020 8,629 $ 21.38 Vested and not yet released 21 $ 36.56 Outstanding as of December 31, 2020 8,650 $ 21.41 Granted - RSUs 2,203 $ 108.87 Granted - Restricted stock 48 $ 167.69 Vested - RSUs (2,734) $ 21.17 Vested - Restricted stock (9) $ — Forfeited (681) $ 29.78 Unvested as of December 31, 2021 7,456 $ 47.36 Vested and not yet released — $ — Outstanding as of December 31, 2021 7,456 $ 47.36 Granted - RSUs 6,367 $ 67.13 Granted - Restricted stock 52 $ 100.29 Vested - RSUs (2,848) $ 38.49 Vested - Restricted stock (668) $ 19.96 Forfeited (779) $ 64.83 Unvested as of December 31, 2022 9,580 $ 61.14 Vested and not yet released — $ — Outstanding as of December 31, 2022 9,580 $ 61.14
Schedule of Fair Value Assumptions for Employee Stock Purchase Plan	The weighted-average assumptions used to determine the fair value of the ESPP during the periods presented were as follows: Year ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 Expected term (in years) 0.5 0.5 0.5 Risk-free interest rate 3.3 % 0.1 % 0.1 % Expected volatility 100.6 % 58.9 % 63.1 % Dividend yield — — —
Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense	The following table sets forth the total stock-based compensation expense included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations: Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 (in thousands) Cost of revenue $ 6,251 $ 2,583 $ 1,225 Sales and marketing 50,317 27,277 16,019 Research and development 103,276 44,196 26,090 General and administrative 42,933 16,081 13,000 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 202,777 $ 90,137 $ 56,334

Net Loss per Share Attributab_2

Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Schedule of Computation of Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders	The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders: Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 Class A Class B Class A Class B Class A Class B (in thousands, except per share data) Net loss attributable to common stockholders $ (167,770) $ (25,611) $ (219,939) $ (40,370) $ (70,955) $ (48,415) Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted 283,114 43,218 263,884 48,437 178,189 121,585 Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted $ (0.59) $ (0.59) $ (0.83) $ (0.83) $ (0.40) $ (0.40)
Schedule of Potential Shares of Common Stock Excluded from Computation of Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders	The potential shares of common stock that were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the periods presented because including them would have been antidilutive are as follows: December 31, 2022 2021 2020 (in thousands) 2025 Notes 4,233 4,676 15,363 2026 Notes 6,761 6,762 — Shares subject to repurchase 900 2,129 3,872 Unexercised stock options 15,886 13,603 18,186 Unvested restricted stock and RSUs 10,273 7,417 8,629 Vested and unreleased RSUs — — 21 Shares issuable pursuant to the ESPP 248 62 133 Total 38,301 34,649 46,204

Income Taxes (Tables)

Income Taxes (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Loss Before Income Taxes	The components of the Company's loss before income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 were as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 (in thousands) Domestic $ (219,586) $ (272,995) $ (143,320) Foreign 28,853 25,019 18,347 Total loss before income taxes $ (190,733) $ (247,976) $ (124,973)
Schedule of Provision for (Benefit From) Income Taxes	The components of the Company's provision for (benefit from) income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 were as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 (in thousands) Current expense: Federal $ 332 $ 722 $ 488 State 1 143 66 Foreign 2,455 2,730 769 Total current provision for income taxes $ 2,788 $ 3,595 $ 1,323 Deferred expense (benefit): Federal (1,124) — (641) State (573) — (140) Foreign 1,557 8,738 (6,145) Total deferred provision for (benefit from) income taxes $ (140) $ 8,738 $ (6,926) Total provision for (benefit from) income taxes $ 2,648 $ 12,333 $ (5,603)
Schedule of Reconciliation of U.S. Federal Statutory Rate to Effective Tax Rate	A reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory rate to the Company's effective tax rate is as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 Expected benefit at U.S. federal statutory rate 21.0 % 21.0 % 21.0 % State income taxes, net of federal tax benefits 0.2 — — Foreign income or losses taxed at different rates 1.1 (2.5) 7.5 Stock-based compensation 18.7 43.6 16.3 Change in valuation allowance (41.2) (66.4) (39.4) Withholding taxes (0.2) (0.3) (0.4) Miscellaneous permanent items (1.0) (0.4) (0.5) Total provision for (benefit from) income taxes (1.4) % (5.0) % 4.5 %
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities	The components of the Company's deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 (in thousands) Deferred tax assets: Net operating loss carryforwards $ 373,655 $ 302,593 Tax credit carryforwards 51,925 29,564 Capitalized research and development expenditures 36,886 — Operating lease liabilities 33,790 32,355 Business interest carryforwards 15,762 16,847 Stock-based compensation 27,766 12,988 Accrued expenses and reserves 2,770 2,769 Depreciation and amortization 3 23 Other 919 360 Gross deferred tax assets 543,476 397,499 Valuation allowance (477,638) (269,519) Total deferred tax assets $ 65,838 $ 127,980 Deferred tax liabilities: Convertible senior notes — (73,265) Right-of-use assets (31,586) (32,122) Deferred commissions (23,039) (16,886) Capitalized internal-use software (4,638) (7,574) Depreciation and amortization (11,197) (1,269) Other (73) (2) Total deferred tax liabilities $ (70,533) $ (131,118) Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) $ (4,695) $ (3,138)
Schedule of Reconciliation of Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits	A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of the Company's total gross unrecognized tax benefits was as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 (in thousands) Balance as of the beginning of the period $ 12,590 $ 5,682 $ 3,740 Increases for tax positions related to the prior year 5,753 1,784 396 Decreases for tax positions related to the prior year — — (303) Additions for tax positions related to the current year 5,597 5,124 1,849 Balance as of the end of the period $ 23,940 $ 12,590 $ 5,682

Business Combinations (Tables)

Business Combinations (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]
Schedule of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed	The fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the acquisition date are summarized as follows (in thousands): Accounts receivable, net $ 1,634 Prepaids and other current assets $ 953 Acquired Intangible Assets $ 43,300 Goodwill $ 119,743 Total assets acquired $ 165,630 Accounts Payable $ (254) Accrued expense and other current liabilities $ (595) Deferred revenue $ (5,736) Deferred revenue, noncurrent $ (1,213) Other noncurrent liabilities $ (1,267) Total purchase price $ 156,565 The fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the acquisition date are summarized as follows (in thousands): Developed technology $ 3,100 Goodwill 4,962 Total assets acquired 8,062 Accounts Payable (20) Other noncurrent liabilities (430) Total purchase price $ 7,612 Developed technology 1,400 Goodwill 6,176 Total assets acquired 7,576 Accrued compensation (82) Other noncurrent liabilities (322) Total purchase price $ 7,172 The fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the acquisition date are summarized as follows (in thousands): Prepaid expenses and other current assets $ 6 Developed technology 5,600 Goodwill 13,084 Total assets acquired 18,690 Accrued expenses and other current liabilities (208) Other noncurrent liabilities (782) Total purchase price $ 17,700

Segment and Geographic Inform_2

Segment and Geographic Information (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Schedule of Property and Equipment, Net by Geographic Area	The Company’s property and equipment, net, by geographic area were as follows: December 31, 2022 2021 (in thousands) United States $ 184,753 $ 120,357 Rest of the world 101,847 63,379 Total property and equipment, net $ 286,600 $ 183,736

Summary of Significant Accoun_4

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Narrative (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) segment	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Jan. 01, 2022 USD ($)	Aug. 31, 2021	May 31, 2020
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Amortization period	3 years
Advertising expense	$ 43,500,000	$ 36,200,000	$ 25,000,000
Remeasurement gain	2,000,000	2,000,000
Remeasurement loss		400,000	900,000
Goodwill impairment charges	0	0	0
Impairment of intangible assets, finite-lived	$ 0	0	$ 0
Number of reportable segments | segment	1
Number of operating segments | segment	1
Current portion of convertible senior notes	$ 0	12,117,000
Decrease in additional paid-in capital	(1,475,423,000)	(1,494,512,000)
Accumulated deficit	$ (839,891,000)	$ (680,829,000)
Outstanding and unsettled restricted stock units (RSUs)
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period	4 years
Accounting Standards Update 2020-06
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Convertible notes				$ 288,900,000
Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Accumulated deficit				34,300,000
Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment | Accounting Standards Update 2020-06
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Current portion of convertible senior notes				4,400,000
Decrease in additional paid-in capital				$ 318,800,000
Developed technology
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Estimated useful life of acquired developed technology	2 years
Trade name
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Estimated useful life of acquired developed technology	2 years
Customer relationships
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Estimated useful life of acquired developed technology	8 years
2025 Notes | Convertible Debt
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Interest rate	0.75%					0.75%
2026 Notes | Convertible Debt
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Interest rate	0%				0%
Capitalized internal-use software
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Useful life	3 years
Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Subscription and support term length	1 year
Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Subscription and support term length	3 years

Summary of Significant Accoun_5

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Useful Lives of Property and Equipment (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022
Servers—network infrastructure
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Lives	4 years
Buildings
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Lives	30 years
Office and computer equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Lives	3 years
Office furniture
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Lives	3 years
Software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Lives	3 years

Revenue - Disaggregation of Rev

Revenue - Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 975,241	$ 656,426	$ 431,059
Channel partners
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	122,522	73,802	45,300
Direct customers
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	852,719	582,624	385,759
United States
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	515,722	342,578	218,191
Europe, Middle East, and Africa
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	258,291	172,129	109,274
Asia Pacific
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	133,353	96,537	76,177
Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 67,875	$ 45,182	$ 27,417
Geographic Concentration Risk | Revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of Revenue	100%	100%	100%
Geographic Concentration Risk | Revenue | United States
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of Revenue	53%	52%	51%
Geographic Concentration Risk | Revenue | Europe, Middle East, and Africa
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of Revenue	26%	26%	25%
Geographic Concentration Risk | Revenue | Asia Pacific
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of Revenue	14%	15%	18%
Geographic Concentration Risk | Revenue | Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of Revenue	7%	7%	6%
Sales Channel Concentration Risk | Revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of Revenue	100%	100%	100%
Sales Channel Concentration Risk | Revenue | Channel partners
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of Revenue	13%	11%	11%
Sales Channel Concentration Risk | Revenue | Direct customers
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of Revenue	87%	89%	89%

Revenue - Additional Informatio

Revenue - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Revenue recognized	$ 116,000,000	$ 55,300,000	$ 31,300,000
Impairment losses of deferred contract acquisition costs	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

Revenue - Deferred Contract Acq

Revenue - Deferred Contract Acquisition Costs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Capitalized Contract Cost [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 70,320	$ 44,176	$ 25,184
Capitalization of contract acquisition costs	67,940	55,411	36,316
Amortization of deferred contract acquisition costs	(45,115)	(29,267)	(17,324)
Ending balance	$ 93,145	$ 70,320	$ 44,176

Revenue - Remaining Performance

Revenue - Remaining Performance Obligations (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligation, amount	$ 906.5
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2023-01-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligation, percent	74%
Remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction	12 months

Fair Value Measurements - Sched

Fair Value Measurements - Schedule of Cash and Available-for-sale Debt Securities' Amortized Cost, Unrealized Gains (Losses) and Fair Value by Significant Investment Category (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	$ 204,178,000	$ 313,777,000
Amortized Cost	1,672,782,000	1,831,593,000
Unrealized Gain	66,000	18,000
Unrealized (Loss)	(11,885,000)	(2,587,000)
Fair Value	1,660,963,000	1,829,024,000
Level II
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	1,459,613,000	1,513,976,000
Unrealized Gain	66,000	18,000
Unrealized (Loss)	(11,885,000)	(2,587,000)
Fair Value	1,447,794,000	1,511,407,000
Cash & Cash Equivalents | Fair Value, Recurring
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	204,178,000	313,777,000
Cash & Cash Equivalents | Fair Value, Recurring | Level II
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair Value	2,035,000	3,341,000
Available-for-sale Securities | Fair Value, Recurring
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair Value	1,445,759,000	1,508,066,000
Available-for-sale Securities | Fair Value, Recurring | Level II
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair Value	1,445,759,000	1,508,066,000
Restricted Cash (Current and Non-Current) | Fair Value, Recurring
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	11,026,000	7,181,000
Restricted Cash (Current and Non-Current) | Fair Value, Recurring | Level II
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair Value	0	0
Corporate bonds | Level II
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	258,617,000	202,774,000
Unrealized Gain	46,000	16,000
Unrealized (Loss)	(2,621,000)	(289,000)
Fair Value	256,042,000	202,501,000
Corporate bonds | Cash & Cash Equivalents | Fair Value, Recurring | Level II
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair Value	2,035,000	3,341,000
Corporate bonds | Available-for-sale Securities | Fair Value, Recurring | Level II
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair Value	254,007,000	199,160,000
Corporate bonds | Restricted Cash (Current and Non-Current) | Fair Value, Recurring | Level II
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair Value	0	0
U.S. treasury securities | Level II
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	818,379,000	960,278,000
Unrealized Gain	20,000	2,000
Unrealized (Loss)	(9,233,000)	(2,298,000)
Fair Value	809,166,000	957,982,000
U.S. treasury securities | Cash & Cash Equivalents | Fair Value, Recurring | Level II
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair Value	0	0
U.S. treasury securities | Available-for-sale Securities | Fair Value, Recurring | Level II
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair Value	809,166,000	957,982,000
U.S. treasury securities | Restricted Cash (Current and Non-Current) | Fair Value, Recurring | Level II
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair Value	0	0
U.S. government agency securities | Level II
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	25,283,000	0
Unrealized Gain	0	0
Unrealized (Loss)	(31,000)	0
Fair Value	25,252,000	0
U.S. government agency securities | Cash & Cash Equivalents | Fair Value, Recurring | Level II
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair Value	0	0
U.S. government agency securities | Available-for-sale Securities | Fair Value, Recurring | Level II
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair Value	25,252,000	0
U.S. government agency securities | Restricted Cash (Current and Non-Current) | Fair Value, Recurring | Level II
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair Value	0	0
Commercial paper | Level II
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	357,334,000	350,924,000
Unrealized Gain	0	0
Unrealized (Loss)	0	0
Fair Value	357,334,000	350,924,000
Commercial paper | Cash & Cash Equivalents | Fair Value, Recurring | Level II
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair Value	0	0
Commercial paper | Available-for-sale Securities | Fair Value, Recurring | Level II
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair Value	357,334,000	350,924,000
Commercial paper | Restricted Cash (Current and Non-Current) | Fair Value, Recurring | Level II
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair Value	0	0
Cash
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	87,719,000	64,542,000
Unrealized Gain	0	0
Unrealized (Loss)	0	0
Fair Value	87,719,000	64,542,000
Cash | Cash & Cash Equivalents | Fair Value, Recurring
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair Value	77,164,000	64,021,000
Cash | Available-for-sale Securities | Fair Value, Recurring
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair Value	0	0
Cash | Restricted Cash (Current and Non-Current) | Fair Value, Recurring
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair Value	10,555,000	521,000
Money market funds
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Unrealized Gain	0	0
Unrealized (Loss)	0	0
Money market funds | Level I
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	125,450,000	253,075,000
Unrealized Gain	0	0
Unrealized (Loss)	0	0
Fair Value	125,450,000	253,075,000
Money market funds | Cash & Cash Equivalents | Fair Value, Recurring | Level I
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair Value	124,979,000	246,415,000
Money market funds | Available-for-sale Securities | Fair Value, Recurring | Level I
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair Value	0	0
Money market funds | Restricted Cash (Current and Non-Current) | Fair Value, Recurring | Level I
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair Value	$ 471,000	$ 6,660,000

Fair Value Measurements - Narra

Fair Value Measurements - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Jan. 14, 2022
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Restricted cash	$ 471,000	$ 4,223,000
Realized gain (loss)	0	0	$ 0
Amortized cost of available-for-sale investments with maturities less than one year	1,251,600,000	966,300,000
Amortized cost of available-for-sale investments with maturities greater than one year	205,900,000	544,400,000
Net unrealized losses on investments, net of tax	11,900,000	2,700,000
U.S. government agency securities
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Proceeds receivable from sale of securities	37,500,000
Convertible Debt
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Debt instrument, fair value	223,300,000
Convertible Debt | 2026 Notes
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Debt instrument, fair value	1,063,000,000
Money market funds
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Unrealized gain	0	0
Unrealized loss	0	0
Vectrix, Inc.
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Consideration held back	10,500,000	6,700,000		$ 1,300,000
Standby Letters of Credit
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Restricted cash	$ 11,000,000	$ 7,200,000

Balance Sheet Components - Allo

Balance Sheet Components - Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Allowance For Doubtful Accounts Receivable Current [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 2,644	$ 1,703	$ 533
Provision for bad debt	4,836	3,735	3,368
Write-off of uncollectible accounts receivable	(4,346)	(2,794)	(2,198)
Ending balance	$ 3,134	$ 2,644	$ 1,703

Balance Sheet Components - Prop

Balance Sheet Components - Property and Equipment, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Gross property and equipment	$ 465,501	$ 303,949
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(178,901)	(120,213)
Total property and equipment, net	286,600	183,736
Depreciation and amortization expense	84,800	62,300	$ 45,900
Servers—network infrastructure
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Gross property and equipment	239,828	151,462
Construction in progress
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Gross property and equipment	72,827	41,424
Capitalized internal-use software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Gross property and equipment	88,541	63,331
Depreciation and amortization expense	20,200	17,900	$ 12,600
Office and computer equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Gross property and equipment	30,577	24,451
Office furniture
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Gross property and equipment	6,547	5,927
Software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Gross property and equipment	5,962	4,032
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Gross property and equipment	20,392	12,892
Asset retirement obligation
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Gross property and equipment	$ 827	$ 430

Balance Sheet Components - Good

Balance Sheet Components - Goodwill (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Oct. 15, 2021
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill	$ 148,047,000	$ 23,530,000
Goodwill impairment charges	0	0	$ 0
Vectrix Security, Inc.
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill, acquired during period	5,000,000
Area 1 Security, Inc.
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill, acquired during period	$ 120,800,000
Zaraz
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill				$ 6,176,000
Goodwill, acquired during period		$ 6,400,000

Balance Sheet Components - Acqu

Balance Sheet Components - Acquired Intangible Assets, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 53,400	$ 7,000
Accumulated Amortization	20,917	5,746
Acquired intangible assets, net	32,483	1,254
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	15,200	2,900	$ 3,100
Developed technology
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	40,100	7,000
Accumulated Amortization	19,191	5,746
Acquired intangible assets, net	20,909	1,254
Developed technology | Area 1
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated fair value of intangible assets	30,000
Developed technology | Vectrix, Inc.
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated fair value of intangible assets	3,100
Developed technology | Zaraz
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated fair value of intangible assets		$ 1,400
Trade name
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	1,700
Accumulated Amortization	638
Acquired intangible assets, net	1,062
Trade name | Area 1
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated fair value of intangible assets	1,700
Customer relationships
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	11,600
Accumulated Amortization	1,088
Acquired intangible assets, net	10,512
Customer relationships | Area 1
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Estimated fair value of intangible assets	$ 11,600

Balance Sheet Components - Esti

Balance Sheet Components - Estimated Future Amortization Expense of Acquired Intangible Assets, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
2023	$ 19,403
2024	5,468
2025	1,450
2026	1,450
2027	1,450
Thereafter	3,262
Acquired intangible assets, net	$ 32,483	$ 1,254

Leases - Narrative (Details)

Leases - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
	Jul. 06, 2021 USD ($) ft² option	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) office_space	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Total operating lease liabilities		$ 140,899	$ 134,212
Additional undiscounted cash payment			53,800
Number of leased office spaces | office_space		1
Sublease income		$ 0	$ 1,096	$ 2,829
Lease not yet commenced, undiscounted amount		$ 48,800
Lease not yet commenced, term of contract		4 years 9 months 18 days
Weighted average remaining lease term		5 years 4 months 24 days	6 years 1 month 6 days
Operating lease, weighted average discount rate, percent		4%	3.50%
Austin Lease
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Total operating lease liabilities	$ 46,200
Buildings
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Area of office space | ft²	128,195
Lease term	121 months
Number of renewal options | option	2
Renewal term	5 years
Market rate (in percent)	100%
Leases For Office Space
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease, remaining lease term		8 years 7 months 6 days
Co-location Asset Lease
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease, remaining lease term		7 years 9 months 18 days

Leases - Schedule of Lease Cost

Leases - Schedule of Lease Costs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease cost	$ 36,332	$ 25,091	$ 19,544
Sublease income	0	(1,096)	(2,829)
Total lease cost	$ 36,332	$ 23,995	$ 16,715

Leases - Lease Liability Maturi

Leases - Lease Liability Maturities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Leases [Abstract]
Year One	$ 33,902	$ 28,080
Year Two	32,525	26,536
Year Three	25,340	24,685
Year Four	22,242	18,294
Year Five	19,172	16,317
Thereafter	24,864	37,428
Total lease payments	158,045	151,340
Less: Imputed interest	(17,146)	(17,128)
Total operating lease liabilities	$ 140,899	$ 134,212

Debt - 2026 Convertible Senior

Debt - 2026 Convertible Senior Notes (Details)	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2021 USD ($) day $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Gross proceeds from issuance of convertible senior notes		$ 0	$ 1,293,750,000	$ 575,000,000
Class A common stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Closing share price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares		$ 45.21
2026 Notes | Convertible Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt principal amount	$ 1,293,800,000
Face amount, additional principal issuable	168,800,000
Gross proceeds from issuance of convertible senior notes	$ 1,274,000,000
Interest rate	0%	0%
Convertible debt, conversion ratio		0.0052263
Conversion price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 191.34
Redemption price, percentage	100%
Minimum redeemable face amount	$ 100,000,000
Remaining life, convertible debt		44 months
2026 Notes | Convertible Debt | Last Reported Stock Price At Lease 130% Of The Debt Conversion Price
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Conversion requirement, threshold trading days (at least) | day	20
Conversion requirement, threshold consecutive trading days | day	30
Conversion requirement, threshold percentage of stock price trigger (at least)	130%
2026 Notes | Convertible Debt | Principal Amount Less Than 98% of the Product
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Conversion requirement, threshold trading days (at least) | day	5
Conversion requirement, threshold consecutive trading days | day	5
Conversion requirement, threshold percentage of stock price trigger (at least)	98%

Debt - 2026 Capped Call Transac

Debt - 2026 Capped Call Transactions (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands, shares in Millions	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Purchases of capped calls related to convertible senior notes		$ 86,293	$ 67,333
2026 Notes | Convertible Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Purchases of capped calls related to convertible senior notes	$ 86,300
2026 Notes | Convertible Debt | Class A common stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Shares covered by capped calls (in shares)	6.8
2026 Notes | Capped Calls | Convertible Debt | Long | Class A common stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Strike price (in dollars per share)	$ 191.34
Capped call, initial cap price (in dollars per share)	$ 250.94

Debt - 2025 Convertible Senior

Debt - 2025 Convertible Senior Notes (Details)		1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Aug. 13, 2021 USD ($) shares	May 31, 2020 USD ($) day $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Gross proceeds from issuance of convertible senior notes			$ 0	$ 1,293,750,000	$ 575,000,000
Issuance of common stock for exchange of convertible senior notes			0	920,249,000	$ 0
2025 Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Gross proceeds from issuance of convertible senior notes		$ 562,500,000
Conversion price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares		$ 37.43
2025 Notes | Last Reported Stock Price At Lease 130% Of The Debt Conversion Price
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Conversion requirement, threshold trading days (at least) | day		20
Conversion requirement, threshold consecutive trading days | day		30
Conversion requirement, threshold percentage of stock price trigger (at least)		130%
2025 Notes | Principal Amount Less Than 98% of the Product
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Conversion requirement, threshold trading days (at least) | day		5
Conversion requirement, threshold consecutive trading days | day		5
Conversion requirement, threshold percentage of stock price trigger (at least)		98%
2025 Notes | Convertible Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt principal amount		$ 575,000,000
Face amount, additional principal issuable		$ 75,000,000
Principal			$ 158,429,000	$ 175,000,000
Interest rate		0.75%	0.75%
Convertible debt, conversion ratio			0.0267187
Redemption price, percentage		100%
Issuance of common stock for exchange of convertible senior notes	$ 1,321,000,000
2025 Notes | Convertible Debt | Class A common stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Number of shares issued upon debt conversion (in shares) | shares	7,600,000		298,909,000
2025 Notes | Convertible Debt | Certain Holders Conversion
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Issuance of common stock for exchange of convertible senior notes			$ 16,600,000

Debt - 2025 Notes Exchange (Det

Debt - 2025 Notes Exchange (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
	Aug. 13, 2021	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Cash consideration paid in exchange of convertible senior debt		$ 0	$ 370,647	$ 0
Issuance of common stock for exchange of convertible senior notes		0	920,249	0
Loss on extinguishment of debt		$ 0	72,234	$ 0
Class A common stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Closing share price (in dollars per share)		$ 45.21
Convertible Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, fair value		$ 223,300
2025 Notes | Convertible Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Repurchased face amount	$ 400,000
Cash consideration paid in exchange of convertible senior debt	400,700
Issuance of common stock for exchange of convertible senior notes	1,321,000
Loss on extinguishment of debt	72,200
Debt instrument, fair value	355,300
Amount outstanding	$ 283,100	156,790	$ 127,964
Effective interest rate	4.08%
Equity component of convertible debt	$ 965,700
If-converted value in excess of principal		$ 32,900
Remaining life, convertible debt		29 months
2025 Notes | Convertible Debt | Class A common stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Number of shares issued upon debt conversion (in shares)	7,600,000	298,909,000

Debt - 2025 Capped Call Transac

Debt - 2025 Capped Call Transactions (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands, shares in Millions		12 Months Ended
	May 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Purchases of capped calls related to convertible senior notes			$ 86,293	$ 67,333
2025 Notes | Convertible Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Purchases of capped calls related to convertible senior notes		$ 67,300
2025 Notes | Capped Calls | Convertible Debt | Long | Class A common stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Strike price (in dollars per share)	$ 37.43
Capped call, initial cap price (in dollars per share)	$ 57.58
Shares covered by capped calls (in shares)	15.4

Debt - Schedule of Net Carrying

Debt - Schedule of Net Carrying Amount of Notes (Details) - Convertible Debt $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Aug. 13, 2021 USD ($)
2026 Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal	$ 1,293,750	$ 1,293,750
Unamortized debt discount	(248,179)	0
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(14,541)	(14,348)
Carrying amount, net	1,031,030	1,279,402
Issuance cost, equity component	4,100
Convertible debt, equity component	$ 262,100
2026 Notes | Measurement Input Effective Interest Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Measurement input	0.0465
2025 Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal	$ 175,000	158,429
Unamortized debt discount	(45,382)	0
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(1,654)	(1,639)
Carrying amount, net	127,964	$ 156,790	$ 283,100
Issuance cost, equity component	1,400
Convertible debt, equity component	$ 61,100
2025 Notes | Measurement Input Effective Interest Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Measurement input	0.100

Debt - Schedule of Interest Com

Debt - Schedule of Interest Components (Details) - Convertible Debt - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
2026 Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Coupon interest expense	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Amortization of debt discount	0	17,971	0
Amortization of debt issuance costs	3,958	1,184	0
Total	3,958	19,155	0
2025 Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Coupon interest expense	1,201	3,162	2,707
Amortization of debt discount	0	25,834	20,616
Amortization of debt issuance costs	701	1,185	1,013
Total	$ 1,902	$ 30,181	$ 24,336

Commitment and Contingencies -

Commitment and Contingencies - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Cost and expenses related to bandwidth and other co-location commitments	$ 119	$ 77.1	$ 51.4

Commitment and Contingencies _2

Commitment and Contingencies - Schedule of Purchase Commitments (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Open purchase agreements
Total payments due, open purchase agreements	$ 93,754
2023	39,221
2024	9,591
2025	37,570
2026	2,274
2027	1,122
Thereafter	3,976
Bandwidth and other co-location related commitments
Total payments due, bandwidth and co-location commitments	132,167
2023	49,540
2024	35,776
2025	19,100
2026	13,054
2027	10,291
Thereafter	4,406
Other Commitments
Total payments due, other commitments	10,483
2023	10,483
2024	0
2025	0
2026	0
2027	0
Thereafter	0
Total
Total payments due, purchase commitments	236,404
2023	99,244
2024	45,367
2025	56,670
2026	15,328
2027	11,413
Thereafter	$ 8,382

Common Stock - Narrative (Detai

Common Stock - Narrative (Details)	Dec. 31, 2022 vote $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2021 $ / shares shares
Class A common stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, number of votes per share | vote	1
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	2,250,000,000	2,250,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	286,560,947	277,707,635
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	286,560,947	277,707,635
Class B common stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, number of votes per share | vote	10
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	315,000,000	315,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	43,524,514	45,904,227
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	43,524,514	45,904,227

Common Stock - Schedule of Comm

Common Stock - Schedule of Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares of common stock reserved (in shares)	97,579	76,226
2025 Notes | Convertible Debt
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares of common stock reserved (in shares)	5,503	6,078
2026 Notes | Convertible Debt
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares of common stock reserved (in shares)	10,311	10,311
Equity Incentive Plan, 2019
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares of common stock reserved (in shares)	44,693	30,761
Stock options issued and outstanding
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares of common stock reserved (in shares)	15,886	13,603
Outstanding and unsettled restricted stock units (RSUs)
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares of common stock reserved (in shares)	10,196	7,417
Shares issuable pursuant to the ESPP
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares of common stock reserved (in shares)	10,990	8,056

Stock-based Compensation - Narr

Stock-based Compensation - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)

1 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Oct. 25, 2022

Apr. 01, 2022

Feb. 14, 2022

Jan. 14, 2022

Oct. 15, 2021

Dec. 31, 2021

Jan. 31, 2020

Sep. 30, 2019

Dec. 31, 2022

Dec. 31, 2021

Dec. 31, 2020

Dec. 31, 2019

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Options unrecognized stock-based compensation expense

$ 8,400,000

Options exercisable (in dollars per share)

$ 3.35

Stock-based compensation expense

$ 202,777,000

$ 90,137,000

$ 56,334,000

Area 1 Security, Inc.

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Weighted-average grant date fair value for options granted (in dollars per share)

$ 93.32

S2 Systems Corporation

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Issuance of common stock in connection with acquisition (in shares)

948,000

2019 Equity Incentive Plan | Chief Executive Officer

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Requisite service period of awards

10 years

2019 Equity Incentive Plan | Chief Operating Officer

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Requisite service period of awards

10 years

2019 Equity Incentive Plan | President

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Requisite service period of awards

10 years

2010 Plan And 2019 Plan

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Unvested options exercisable (in shares)

6,229,524

2,728,545

6,229,524

Total grant date fair value for vested options

$ 12,500,000

$ 14,000,000

$ 7,300,000

Class A common stock | 2019 Equity Incentive Plan

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Number of shares authorized for issuance (in shares)

66,661,953

Number of new shares authorized for issuance (in shares)

29,335,000

Number of additional shares authorized for issuance (in shares)

37,326,953

Number of shares available for issuance (in shares)

3,960,000

3,960,000

Options exercisable (in dollars per share)

$ 136.81

$ 136.81

Class A and Class B Common Stock | 2019 Equity Incentive Plan

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Potential increase in number of shares authorized, as a percentage of total common stock outstanding

5%

Stock options issued and outstanding

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Vesting period

4 years

Expiration period

10 years

Weighted-average remaining vesting period

2 years 3 months 18 days

Weighted-average grant date fair value for options granted (in dollars per share)

$ 90.50

$ 9.74

Liability for early exercise of stock options

$ 4,700,000

$ 1,900,000

$ 4,700,000

Number of unvested shares expected to be repurchased (in shares)

899,691

2,128,660

Stock options issued and outstanding | Area 1 Security, Inc.

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Vesting period

3 years

Stock-based compensation expense

$ 1,400,000

$ 0

Stock options issued and outstanding | 2010 Plan And 2019 Plan

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Options unrecognized stock-based compensation expense

$ 251,100,000

Weighted-average remaining vesting period

4 years 6 months

Stock options issued and outstanding | Common Stock | 2010 Equity Incentive Plan

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Exercise price of common stock, percentage of fair market value

100%

Stock options issued and outstanding | Class A common stock | Area 1 Security, Inc.

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Number of shares available for issuance (in shares)

156,770

Stock options issued and outstanding | Class A common stock | 2010 Equity Incentive Plan

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Exercise stock option awards (in shares)

1

Stock options issued and outstanding | Class A common stock | 2019 Equity Incentive Plan

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Exercise stock option awards (in shares)

1

Stock options issued and outstanding | Class B common stock | 2010 Equity Incentive Plan

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Exercise stock option awards (in shares)

1

Stock options with market conditions | Chief Executive Officer

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Requisite service period of awards

10 years

Stock options with market conditions | Chief Operating Officer

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Requisite service period of awards

10 years

Stock options with market conditions | President

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Requisite service period of awards

10 years

Stock options with market conditions | Other Key Employees

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Expiration period

10 years

Stock options with market conditions | Executive Officer

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Expiration period

10 years

Other performance awards

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Weighted-average remaining vesting period

4 years 8 months 12 days

Requisite service period of awards

5 years 4 months 9 days

Authorized exercise price (in dollars per share)

$ 57.55

$ 105.56

Granted (in dollars per share)

$ 55.80

Stock-based compensation expense

$ 39,500,000

Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense

$ 232,800,000

Other performance awards | Other Key Employees

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Expiration period

10 years

Other performance awards | Executive Officer

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Expiration period

10 years

Other performance awards | Two Key Employees

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Expiration period

10 years

Other performance awards | Class A common stock

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Number of shares authorized for issuance (in shares)

660,000

4,915,000

Expiration period

10 years

10 years

Outstanding and unsettled restricted stock units (RSUs)

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Vesting period

4 years

Weighted-average remaining vesting period

3 years 3 months 18 days

Granted (in dollars per share)

$ 67.13

$ 108.87

$ 33.13

Number of shares vested during the period (in shares)

2,848,000

2,734,000

2,286,000

Stock-based compensation expense

$ 137,400,000

$ 71,700,000

$ 39,600,000

Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense

532,200,000

Total grant date fair value for vested shares

$ 109,600,000

$ 57,900,000

$ 27,000,000

Restricted stock

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Granted (in dollars per share)

$ 100.29

$ 167.69

$ 17.06

Number of shares vested during the period (in shares)

668,000

9,000

107,000

Restricted stock | Vectrix, Inc.

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Vesting period

4 years

Issuance of common stock in connection with acquisition (in shares)

71,000

Number of shares vested during the period (in shares)

0

Stock-based compensation expense

$ 0

Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense

4,000,000

Restricted stock | Vectrix, Inc. | Subject to vesting

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Issuance of common stock in connection with acquisition (in shares)

52,000

Restricted stock | Zaraz

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Vesting period

3 years

Issuance of common stock in connection with acquisition (in shares)

48,000

Stock-based compensation expense

0

Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense

3,900,000

Restricted stock | Zaraz | Subject to vesting

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Issuance of common stock in connection with acquisition (in shares)

39,000

Restricted stock | S2 Systems Corporation

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Stock-based compensation expense

0

Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense

0

Restricted stock issued in connection with acquisition, aggregate grant date fair value

$ 11,200,000

$ 0

Restricted stock | S2 Systems Corporation | Subject to vesting

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Issuance of unvested restricted stock in connection with acquisition (in shares)

841,000

Restricted stock | S2 Systems Corporation | Over 2 years

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Vesting percentage

77.80%

Restricted stock | S2 Systems Corporation | Tranche One

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Vesting period

2 years

Restricted stock | S2 Systems Corporation | Tranche Two

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Vesting period

3 years

ESPP | 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Weighted-average remaining vesting period

4 months 24 days

Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense

$ 4,400,000

Maximum ownership percentage threshold for participation

5%

Maximum contribution percentage per employee

10%

ESPP | Class A common stock | 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Number of additional shares allowable under the plan (in shares)

5,870,000

Purchase price of common stock, percentage of fair value

85%

Offering period

6 months

Purchase period

6 months

Maximum number of shares available for repurchase for each employee (in shares)

1,500

Maximum value of shares available for repurchase for each employee

$ 25,000

Number of shares repurchased (in shares)

302,795

260,334

ESPP | Class A and Class B Common Stock | 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Potential increase in number of share authorized, as a percentage of total common stock outstanding

1%

Stock-based Compensation - Sche

Stock-based Compensation - Schedule of Stock-based Awards (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Shares Subject to Options Outstanding
Beginning balance (in shares)	13,603	18,186	21,191
Options granted (in shares)	5,733	100	1,710
Options exercised (in shares)	(2,484)	(4,455)	(4,451)
Options cancelled, forfeited, expired (in shares)	(966)	(228)	(264)
Ending balance (in shares)	15,886	13,603	18,186	21,191
Vested and expected to vest (in shares)	15,876
Exercisable (in shares)	10,340
Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Option
Beginning balance (in dollars per share)	$ 12.47	$ 3.92	$ 2.30
Options granted (in dollars per share)	97.71	137.17	18.05
Options exercised (in dollars per share)	4.08	4.83	1.73
Options cancelled (in dollars per share)	74.88	2.67	2.61
Ending balance (in dollars per share)	34.21	$ 12.47	$ 3.92	$ 2.30
Vested and expected to vest (in dollars per share)	34.23
Options exercisable (in dollars per share)	$ 3.35
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Terms (in years)
Stock options outstanding, weighted-average remaining contractual term	6 years 3 months 18 days	6 years	7 years	7 years 4 months 24 days
Stock options vested and expected to vest, weighted-average remaining contractual term	6 years 3 months 18 days
Stock options exercisable, weighted-average remaining contractual term	4 years 9 months 18 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Stock options outstanding, aggregate intrinsic value	$ 451,782	$ 1,726,440	$ 1,310,650	$ 312,720
Stock options exercised, aggregate intrinsic value	180,990	$ 503,243	$ 142,758
Stock options vested and expected to vest, aggregate intrinsic value	451,395
Stock options exercisable, aggregate intrinsic value	$ 436,824

Stock-based Compensation - Sc_2

Stock-based Compensation - Schedule of Assumptions Used to Determine the Fair Value of Stock Options Granted (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Other performance awards
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected term (in years)	9 years 9 months 29 days
Expected volatility	59.50%
Risk-free interest rate	3%
Dividend yield	0%
Stock options issued and outstanding
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected term (in years)		6 years	6 years
Expected volatility		59.60%	40.30%
Risk-free interest rate		1.30%	0.70%
Dividend yield		0%	0%
Stock options issued and outstanding | Area 1 Security, Inc.
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected term (in years)	2 years 3 months 18 days
Expected volatility	66.70%
Risk-free interest rate	2.50%
Dividend yield	0%

Stock-based Compensation - Sc_3

Stock-based Compensation - Schedule of Restricted Stock Units Activity (Details) - $ / shares shares in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units
Restricted Stock and RSUs
Unvested and outstanding, beginning balance (in shares)	7,456	8,629	6,508
Forfeited (in shares)	(779)	(681)	(588)
Unvested, ending balance (in shares)	9,580	7,456	8,629
Vested and not yet released (in shares)	0	0	21
Outstanding at end of period (in shares)	9,580	7,456	8,650
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested, weighted average grant date fair value, beginning balance (in dollars per share)	$ 47.36	$ 21.38	$ 11.08
Forfeited (in dollars per share)	64.83	29.78	13.18
Unvested, weighted average grant date fair value, ending balance (in dollars per share)	61.14	47.36	21.38
Vested and not yet released, weighted-average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)	0	0	36.56
Outstanding at end of period, weighted-average grant date fair value (in dollars per share)	$ 61.14	$ 47.36	$ 21.41
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Restricted Stock and RSUs
Granted (in shares)	6,367	2,203	4,153
Vested (in shares)	(2,848)	(2,734)	(2,286)
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Granted (in dollars per share)	$ 67.13	$ 108.87	$ 33.13
Vested (in dollars per share)	$ 38.49	$ 21.17	$ 11.80
Restricted stock
Restricted Stock and RSUs
Granted (in shares)	52	48	949
Vested (in shares)	(668)	(9)	(107)
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Granted (in dollars per share)	$ 100.29	$ 167.69	$ 17.06
Vested (in dollars per share)	$ 19.96	$ 0	$ 17.06

Stock-based Compensation - Sc_4

Stock-based Compensation - Schedule of Fair Value Assumptions for Employee Stock Purchase Plan (Details) - ESPP	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected term (in years)	6 months	6 months	6 months
Risk-free interest rate	3.30%	0.10%	0.10%
Expected volatility	100.60%	58.90%	63.10%
Dividend yield	0%	0%	0%

Stock-based Compensation - Sc_5

Stock-based Compensation - Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 202,777	$ 90,137	$ 56,334
Cost of revenue
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	6,251	2,583	1,225
Sales and marketing
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	50,317	27,277	16,019
Research and development
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	103,276	44,196	26,090
General and administrative
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 42,933	$ 16,081	$ 13,000

Net Loss per Share Attributab_3

Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders - Schedule of Computation of Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Earnings Per Share, Basic, by Common Class, Including Two Class Method [Line Items]
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$ (193,381)	$ (260,309)	$ (119,370)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic (in shares)	326,332	312,321	299,774
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, diluted (in shares)	326,332	312,321	299,774
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic (in dollars per share)	$ (0.59)	$ (0.83)	$ (0.40)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.59)	$ (0.83)	$ (0.40)
Class A common stock | Common Stock
Earnings Per Share, Basic, by Common Class, Including Two Class Method [Line Items]
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$ (167,770)	$ (219,939)	$ (70,955)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic (in shares)	283,114	263,884	178,189
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, diluted (in shares)	283,114	263,884	178,189
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic (in dollars per share)	$ (0.59)	$ (0.83)	$ (0.40)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.59)	$ (0.83)	$ (0.40)
Class B common stock | Common Stock
Earnings Per Share, Basic, by Common Class, Including Two Class Method [Line Items]
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$ (25,611)	$ (40,370)	$ (48,415)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic (in shares)	43,218	48,437	121,585
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, diluted (in shares)	43,218	48,437	121,585
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic (in dollars per share)	$ (0.59)	$ (0.83)	$ (0.40)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.59)	$ (0.83)	$ (0.40)

Net Loss per Share Attributab_4

Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders - Schedule of Potential Shares of Common Stock Excluded from Computation of Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potential shares of common stock excluded from computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders (in shares)	38,301	34,649	46,204
2025 Notes
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potential shares of common stock excluded from computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders (in shares)	4,233	4,676	15,363
2026 Notes
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potential shares of common stock excluded from computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders (in shares)	6,761	6,762	0
Shares subject to repurchase
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potential shares of common stock excluded from computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders (in shares)	900	2,129	3,872
Unexercised stock options
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potential shares of common stock excluded from computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders (in shares)	15,886	13,603	18,186
Unvested restricted stock and RSUs
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potential shares of common stock excluded from computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders (in shares)	10,273	7,417	8,629
Vested and unreleased RSUs
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potential shares of common stock excluded from computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders (in shares)	0	0	21
Shares issuable pursuant to the ESPP
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potential shares of common stock excluded from computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders (in shares)	248	62	133

Income Taxes - Schedule of Inco

Income Taxes - Schedule of Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Domestic	$ (219,586)	$ (272,995)	$ (143,320)
Foreign	28,853	25,019	18,347
Loss before income taxes	$ (190,733)	$ (247,976)	$ (124,973)

Income Taxes - Schedule of Prov

Income Taxes - Schedule of Provision for Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Current expense:
Federal	$ 332	$ 722	$ 488
State	1	143	66
Foreign	2,455	2,730	769
Total current provision for income taxes	2,788	3,595	1,323
Deferred expense (benefit):
Federal	(1,124)	0	(641)
State	(573)	0	(140)
Foreign	1,557	8,738	(6,145)
Total deferred provision for (benefit from) income taxes	(140)	8,738	(6,926)
Total provision for (benefit from) income taxes	$ 2,648	$ 12,333	$ (5,603)

Income Taxes - Reconciliation o

Income Taxes - Reconciliation of Effective Tax Rate (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Expected benefit at U.S. federal statutory rate	21%	21%	21%
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, State and Local Income Taxes, Percent	0.20%	0%	0%
Foreign income or losses taxed at different rates	1.10%	(2.50%)	7.50%
Stock-based compensation	18.70%	43.60%	16.30%
Change in valuation allowance	(41.20%)	(66.40%)	(39.40%)
Withholding taxes	(0.20%)	(0.30%)	(0.40%)
Miscellaneous permanent items	(1.00%)	(0.40%)	(0.50%)
Total provision for (benefit from) income taxes	(1.40%)	(5.00%)	4.50%

Income Taxes - Schedule of Defe

Income Taxes - Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	$ 373,655	$ 302,593
Tax credit carryforwards	51,925	29,564
Capitalized research and development expenditures	36,886	0
Operating lease liabilities	33,790	32,355
Business interest carryforwards	15,762	16,847
Stock-based compensation	27,766	12,988
Accrued expenses and reserves	2,770	2,769
Depreciation and amortization	3	23
Other	919	360
Gross deferred tax assets	543,476	397,499
Valuation allowance	(477,638)	(269,519)
Total deferred tax assets	65,838	127,980
Deferred tax liabilities:
Convertible senior notes	0	(73,265)
Right-of-use assets	(31,586)	(32,122)
Deferred commissions	(23,039)	(16,886)
Capitalized internal-use software	(4,638)	(7,574)
Depreciation and amortization	(11,197)	(1,269)
Other	(73)	(2)
Total deferred tax liabilities	(70,533)	(131,118)
Deferred tax liabilities	$ (4,695)	$ (3,138)

Income Taxes - Narrative (Detai

Income Taxes - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Foreign	$ 2,455,000	$ 2,730,000	$ 769,000
Valuation allowance	477,638,000	269,519,000
Increase in valuation allowance	208,100,000	194,400,000	11,600,000
Amount of unrecognized tax benefits that would impact the effective income tax rate	100,000
Amount of unrecognized tax benefits that would impact deferred tax assets	23,800,000
Income tax expense related to interest and penalties	0	0	$ 0
Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs (HMRC)
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Net operating loss carryforwards	178,500,000	153,200,000
Federal
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Net operating loss carryforwards	1,338,500,000	1,121,000,000
Federal | Research and development tax credit carryforward
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Tax credit carryforwards	49,700,000	35,700,000
State
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Net operating loss carryforwards	757,400,000	770,300,000
State | Research and development tax credit carryforward
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Tax credit carryforwards	25,900,000	19,500,000
Foreign
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Tax credit carryforwards	$ 1,800,000	$ 1,800,000

Income Taxes - Reconciliation_2

Income Taxes - Reconciliation of Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Excluding Amounts Pertaining to Examined Tax Returns [Roll Forward]
Balance as of the beginning of the period	$ 12,590	$ 5,682	$ 3,740
Increases for tax positions related to the prior year	5,753	1,784	396
Decreases for tax positions related to the prior year	0	0	(303)
Additions for tax positions related to the current year	5,597	5,124	1,849
Balance as of the end of the period	$ 23,940	$ 12,590	$ 5,682

Business Combinations - Narrati

Business Combinations - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)				1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Apr. 01, 2022	Jan. 14, 2022	Oct. 15, 2021	Jan. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Jan. 01, 2022
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired					$ 88,187,000			$ 5,605,000	$ 13,941,000
Stock-based compensation expense					$ 202,777,000			90,137,000	56,334,000
Developed technology
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Estimated useful life of acquired developed technology					2 years
Area 1 Security, Inc.
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Consideration transferred	$ 156,600,000
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired	82,600,000
Cash acquired	2,500,000
Value of shares issued	63,500,000
Payments to settle acquire's outstanding debt	4,100,000
Goodwill expected to be tax deductible										$ 0
Area 1 Security, Inc. | Stock options issued and outstanding
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Compensation arrangements value	15,900,000
Stock-based compensation expense	1,400,000				$ 0
Area 1 Security, Inc. | Scenario One
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash holdback	$ 9,300,000
Contingent consideration, liability, period	12 months
Area 1 Security, Inc. | Scenario Two
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash holdback	$ 1,100,000
Vectrix, Inc.
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Consideration transferred		$ 7,600,000
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired		4,300,000
Cash acquired		800,000
Value of shares issued		$ 2,000,000
Contingent consideration, liability, period		18 months
Payments to settle acquire's outstanding debt		$ 2,000,000
Compensation arrangements value						$ 8,000,000
Consideration held back		1,300,000			10,500,000	10,500,000	$ 10,500,000	6,700,000
Compensation arrangement with individual, compensation expense		$ 2,600,000					1,300,000
Compensation arrangement with individual, recorded liability					0	0	0
Vectrix, Inc. | Developed technology
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Estimated useful life of acquired developed technology		2 years
Zaraz
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Consideration transferred			$ 7,200,000
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired			5,600,000
Cash acquired			800,000
Value of shares issued			1,600,000
Payments to settle acquire's outstanding debt			1,100,000
Compensation arrangements value			$ 6,500,000
Compensation arrangement with individual, compensation expense					2,100,000			500,000
Compensation arrangement with individual, recorded liability					0	0	0
Zaraz | Developed technology
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Estimated useful life of acquired developed technology			2 years
S2 Systems Corporation
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Consideration transferred				$ 17,700,000
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired				13,700,000
Cash acquired				100,000
Value of shares issued				$ 1,800,000
Contingent consideration, liability, period				18 months
Payments to settle acquire's outstanding debt				$ 6,900,000
Compensation arrangements value				20,300,000
Goodwill expected to be tax deductible				0
Consideration held back				$ 2,200,000
Compensation arrangement with individual, compensation expense					0			$ 5,700,000	11,400,000
Compensation arrangement with individual, recorded liability					$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Repayments of notes payable									200,000
Purchase accounting adjustment									$ 800,000
S2 Systems Corporation | Developed technology
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Estimated useful life of acquired developed technology				2 years

Business Combinations - Schedul

Business Combinations - Schedule of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Apr. 01, 2022	Jan. 14, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Oct. 15, 2021	Jan. 31, 2020
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill	$ 148,047			$ 23,530
Area 1 Security, Inc. | Developed technology
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Accounts receivable, net		$ 1,634
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		953
Acquired Intangible Assets		43,300
Goodwill		119,743
Total assets acquired		165,630
Accounts Payable		(254)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		(595)
Deferred revenue		(5,736)
Deferred revenue, noncurrent		(1,213)
Other noncurrent liabilities		(1,267)
Total purchase price		$ 156,565
Vectrix, Inc.
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill			$ 4,962
Total assets acquired			8,062
Accounts Payable			(20)
Other noncurrent liabilities			(430)
Total purchase price			7,612
Vectrix, Inc. | Developed technology
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Developed technology			$ 3,100
Zaraz
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill					$ 6,176
Total assets acquired					7,576
Accrued compensation					(82)
Other noncurrent liabilities					(322)
Total purchase price					7,172
Zaraz | Developed technology
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Developed technology					$ 1,400
S2 Systems Corporation
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Prepaid expenses and other current assets						$ 6
Goodwill						13,084
Total assets acquired						18,690
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities						(208)
Other noncurrent liabilities						(782)
Total purchase price						17,700
S2 Systems Corporation | Developed technology
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Developed technology						$ 5,600

Segment and Geographic Inform_3

Segment and Geographic Information - Narrative (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 segment
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of operating segments	1

Segment and Geographic Inform_4

Segment and Geographic Information - Schedule of Property and Equipment, Net by Geographic Area (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Property and equipment, net	$ 286,600	$ 183,736
United States
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Property and equipment, net	184,753	120,357
Rest of the world
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Property and equipment, net	$ 101,847	$ 63,379

Uncategorized Items - cloud-202

Label	Element	Value
Accounting Standards Update [Extensible Enumeration]	us-gaap_AccountingStandardsUpdateExtensibleList	Accounting Standards Update 2016-02 [Member]