Cloudflare (NET) 10-Q 2 Nov 23 2023 Q3 Quarterly report Financial data

Cover

Cover - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Oct. 19, 2023
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-39039
Entity Registrant Name	Cloudflare, Inc.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	27-0805829
Entity Address, Address Line One	101 Townsend Street
Entity Address, City or Town	San Francisco
Entity Address, State or Province	CA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	94107
City Area Code	888
Local Phone Number	993-5273
Title of 12(b) Security	Class A Common Stock, $0.001 par value
Trading Symbol	NET
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Amendment Flag	false
Entity Central Index Key	0001477333
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Class A common stock
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		295,899,712
Class B common stock
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		39,872,115

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 94,143	$ 204,178
Available-for-sale securities	1,480,162	1,445,759
Accounts receivable, net	199,468	148,544
Contract assets	11,689	8,292
Restricted cash short-term	1,612	10,555
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	70,929	70,556
Total current assets	1,858,003	1,887,884
Property and equipment, net	309,815	286,600
Goodwill	148,047	148,047
Acquired intangible assets, net	17,821	32,483
Operating lease right-of-use assets	126,407	132,360
Deferred contract acquisition costs, noncurrent	115,154	93,145
Restricted cash	1,885	471
Other noncurrent assets	12,778	6,918
Total assets	2,589,910	2,587,908
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	40,590	35,607
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	55,685	66,425
Accrued compensation	52,190	42,014
Operating lease liabilities	35,076	33,275
Liability for early exercise of unvested stock options	134	1,902
Deferred revenue	294,100	218,647
Total current liabilities	477,775	397,870
Convertible senior notes, net	1,282,372	1,436,192
Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent	101,673	107,624
Deferred revenue, noncurrent	17,354	11,732
Other noncurrent liabilities	11,479	10,526
Total liabilities	1,890,653	1,963,944
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)
Stockholders’ Equity
Additional paid-in capital	1,699,045	1,475,423
Accumulated deficit	(995,975)	(839,891)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(4,148)	(11,896)
Total stockholders’ equity	699,257	623,964
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	2,589,910	2,587,908
Class A common stock
Stockholders’ Equity
Common stock, value, issued	295	286
Class B common stock
Stockholders’ Equity
Common stock, value, issued	$ 40	$ 42

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANC_2

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Class A common stock
Stockholders’ Equity
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	2,250,000,000	2,250,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	295,639,262	286,560,947
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	295,639,262	286,560,947
Class B common stock
Stockholders’ Equity
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	315,000,000	315,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	40,026,686	43,524,514
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	40,026,686	43,524,514

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMEN

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenue	$ 335,603	$ 253,857	$ 934,272	$ 700,541
Cost of revenue	78,069	61,967	223,722	164,822
Gross profit	257,534	191,890	710,550	535,719
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing	150,214	116,033	433,903	333,712
Research and development	90,593	76,432	261,742	218,600
General and administrative	55,939	45,372	157,561	133,919
Total operating expenses	296,746	237,837	853,206	686,231
Loss from operations	(39,212)	(45,947)	(142,656)	(150,512)
Non-operating income (expense):
Interest income	17,954	3,852	47,977	6,554
Interest expense	(1,138)	(1,512)	(4,803)	(4,109)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	0	0	(50,300)	0
Other income (expense), net	115	2,433	(2,269)	2,179
Total non-operating income (expense), net	16,931	4,773	(9,395)	4,624
Loss before income taxes	(22,281)	(41,174)	(152,051)	(145,888)
Provision for income taxes	1,254	1,372	4,033	1,576
Net loss	$ (23,535)	$ (42,546)	$ (156,084)	$ (147,464)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic (in dollars per share)	$ (0.07)	$ (0.13)	$ (0.47)	$ (0.45)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.07)	$ (0.13)	$ (0.47)	$ (0.45)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic (in shares)	334,666	326,590	332,600	325,457
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, diluted (in shares)	334,666	326,590	332,600	325,457

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEM_2

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (23,535)	$ (42,546)	$ (156,084)	$ (147,464)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on investments, net of tax	2,161	(1,220)	7,748	(14,653)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	2,161	(1,220)	7,748	(14,653)
Comprehensive loss	$ (21,374)	$ (43,766)	$ (148,336)	$ (162,117)

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEM_3

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment	Additional paid-in capital	Additional paid-in capital Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment	Accumulated deficit	Accumulated deficit Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment	Accumulated other comprehensive loss	Class A common stock	Class A common stock Common stock	Class B common stock	Class B common stock Common stock
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021									277,708,000		45,904,000
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 811,359	$ (284,437)	$ 1,494,512	$ (318,756)	$ (680,829)	$ 34,319	$ (2,645)		$ 277		$ 44
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock in connection with acquisition (in shares)									522,000
Issuance of common stock in connection with acquisition	65,505		65,504						$ 1
Issuance of restricted stock in connection with acquisition (in shares)									52,000
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)									212,000		1,392,000
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	8,130		8,128								$ 2
Repurchases of unvested common stock (in shares)									(2,000)
Issuance of common stock related to early exercised stock options (in shares)											23,000
Vesting of shares issued upon early exercise of stock options	2,216		2,215								$ 1
Issuance of common stock related to settlement of restricted stock units (RSUs) (in shares)									1,229,000		870,000
Issuance of common stock related to settlement of restricted stock units (RSUs)	0		(2)						$ 1		$ 1
Tax withholding on RSU settlement (in shares)											(23,000)
Tax withholding on RSU settlement	(1,977)		(1,977)
Conversion of Class B to Class A common stock (in shares)									4,055,000		(4,055,000)
Conversion of Class B to Class A common stock	0								$ 4		$ (4)
Common stock issued under employee stock purchase plan (in shares)									154,000
Common stock issued under employee stock purchase plan	8,688		8,688
Settlement of common stock in connection with redemption of convertible senior notes (in shares)									299,000
Settlement of common stock in connection with redemption of convertible senior notes	(201)		(201)
Stock-based compensation	146,823		146,823
Net loss	(147,464)				(147,464)				$ (127,825)		$ (19,639)
Other comprehensive (loss) income	(14,653)						(14,653)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022									284,229,000		44,111,000
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2022	593,989		1,404,934		(793,974)		(17,298)		$ 283		$ 44
Beginning balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2022									282,774,000		44,623,000
Beginning balance at Jun. 30, 2022	580,490		1,347,671		(751,428)		(16,078)		$ 282		$ 43
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)									54,000		205,000
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	2,153		2,152								$ 1
Vesting of shares issued upon early exercise of stock options	656		656
Issuance of common stock related to settlement of restricted stock units (RSUs) (in shares)									411,000		282,000
Issuance of common stock related to settlement of restricted stock units (RSUs)	0		(1)						$ 1
Tax withholding on RSU settlement (in shares)											(9,000)
Tax withholding on RSU settlement	(713)		(713)
Conversion of Class B to Class A common stock (in shares)									990,000		(990,000)
Stock-based compensation	55,169		55,169
Net loss	(42,546)				(42,546)				$ (36,934)		$ (5,612)
Other comprehensive (loss) income	(1,220)						(1,220)
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022									284,229,000		44,111,000
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2022	593,989		1,404,934		(793,974)		(17,298)		$ 283		$ 44
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022								286,560,947	286,561,000	43,524,514	43,525,000
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	623,964		1,475,423		(839,891)		(11,896)		$ 286		$ 42
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)									327,000		1,957,000
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	11,384		11,381						$ 1		$ 2
Repurchases of unvested common stock (in shares)									(17,000)
Vesting of shares issued upon early exercise of stock options	1,730		1,729								$ 1
Issuance of common stock related to settlement of restricted stock units (RSUs) (in shares)									2,296,000		398,000
Issuance of common stock related to settlement of restricted stock units (RSUs)	0		(3)						$ 2		$ 1
Tax withholding on RSU settlement (in shares)									(73,000)		(18,000)
Tax withholding on RSU settlement	(5,643)		(5,643)
Conversion of Class B to Class A common stock (in shares)									5,835,000		(5,835,000)
Conversion of Class B to Class A common stock	0								$ 6		$ (6)
Common stock issued under employee stock purchase plan (in shares)									249,000
Common stock issued under employee stock purchase plan	10,450		10,450
Settlement of common stock in connection with redemption of convertible senior notes (in shares)									461,000
Settlement of common stock in connection with redemption of convertible senior notes	46		46
Stock-based compensation	205,662		205,662
Net loss	(156,084)				(156,084)				$ (136,584)		$ (19,500)
Other comprehensive (loss) income	7,748						7,748
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023								295,639,262	295,639,000	40,026,686	40,027,000
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2023	699,257		1,699,045		(995,975)		(4,148)		$ 295		$ 40
Beginning balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023									291,832,000		41,807,000
Beginning balance at Jun. 30, 2023	641,834		1,620,251		(972,440)		(6,309)		$ 291		$ 41
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options (in shares)									87,000		677,000
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	4,325		4,323						$ 1		$ 1
Vesting of shares issued upon early exercise of stock options	559		559
Issuance of common stock related to settlement of restricted stock units (RSUs) (in shares)									763,000		76,000
Issuance of common stock related to settlement of restricted stock units (RSUs)	0		(1)								$ 1
Tax withholding on RSU settlement (in shares)									(32,000)		(5,000)
Tax withholding on RSU settlement	(2,260)		(2,260)
Conversion of Class B to Class A common stock (in shares)									2,528,000		(2,528,000)
Conversion of Class B to Class A common stock	0								$ 3		$ (3)
Settlement of common stock in connection with redemption of convertible senior notes (in shares)									461,000
Settlement of common stock in connection with redemption of convertible senior notes	46		46
Stock-based compensation	76,127		76,127
Net loss	(23,535)				(23,535)				$ (20,671)		$ (2,864)
Other comprehensive (loss) income	2,161						2,161
Ending balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023								295,639,262	295,639,000	40,026,686	40,027,000
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2023	$ 699,257		$ 1,699,045		$ (995,975)		$ (4,148)		$ 295		$ 40

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEM_4

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Cash Flows From Operating Activities
Net loss	$ (156,084)	$ (147,464)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization expense	99,640	72,702
Non-cash operating lease costs	32,899	26,954
Amortization of deferred contract acquisition costs	44,757	32,019
Stock-based compensation expense	199,565	142,545
Amortization of debt issuance costs	3,529	3,497
Net accretion of discounts and amortization of premiums on available-for-sale securities	(31,039)	3,666
Deferred income taxes	(588)	(1,603)
Provision for bad debt	9,527	3,140
Loss on extinguishment of debt	50,300	0
Other	713	575
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effect of acquisitions:
Accounts receivable, net	(60,451)	(32,831)
Contract assets	(3,397)	(1,132)
Deferred contract acquisition costs	(66,766)	(48,981)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(17,115)	(7,367)
Other noncurrent assets	(1,189)	1,398
Accounts payable	5,252	685
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	8,378	(23,643)
Operating lease liabilities	(31,096)	(31,271)
Deferred revenue	81,075	51,909
Other noncurrent liabilities	1,055	674
Net cash provided by operating activities	168,965	45,472
Cash Flows From Investing Activities
Purchases of property and equipment	(83,580)	(103,461)
Capitalized internal-use software	(16,637)	(15,440)
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired	0	(88,187)
Purchases of available-for-sale securities	(1,293,014)	(755,097)
Sales of available-for-sale securities	20,248	0
Maturities of available-for-sale securities	1,288,364	746,420
Other investing activities	65	25
Net cash used in investing activities	(84,554)	(215,740)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities
Repayments of convertible senior notes	(207,649)	(16,571)
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options	11,384	8,130
Proceeds from the early exercise of stock options	0	62
Repurchases of unvested common stock	(34)	(3)
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock for employee stock purchase plan	10,450	8,687
Payment of tax withholding obligation on RSU settlement	(5,643)	(1,977)
Payment of indemnity holdback	(10,483)	0
Net cash used in financing activities	(201,975)	(1,672)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	(117,564)	(171,940)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of period	215,204	320,958
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period	97,640	149,018
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information:
Cash paid for interest	666	643
Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds	4,005	1,441
Cash paid for operating lease liabilities	30,296	25,371
Supplemental Disclosure of Non-cash Investing and Financing Activities:
Stock-based compensation capitalized for software development	5,642	3,881
Accounts payable and accrued expenses related to property and equipment additions	18,809	28,436
Vesting of early exercised stock options	1,730	2,216
Indemnity holdback consideration associated with business combinations	0	10,485
Issuance of common stock related to an acquisition	0	65,504
Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities	22,304	25,783
Maturity of marketable securities in other current assets	$ 26,300	$ 0

Organization and Basis of Prese

Organization and Basis of Presentation	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Organization and Basis of Presentation	Organization and Basis of Presentation Organization and Description of Business Cloudflare, Inc. (the Company, Cloudflare, we, us, or our) is a global cloud services provider that delivers a broad range of services to businesses of all sizes and in all geographies, making them more secure, enhancing the performance of their business-critical applications, and eliminating the cost and complexity of managing individual network hardware. Cloudflare’s network serves as a scalable, easy-to-use, unified control plane to deliver security, performance, and reliability across on-premises, hybrid, cloud, and software-as-a-service (SaaS) applications. The Company was incorporated in Delaware in July 2009. The Company is headquartered in San Francisco, California. Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (U.S. GAAP) and applicable regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) regarding interim financial reporting, and include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company’s fiscal year ends on December 31. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the applicable required disclosures and regulations of the SEC. Therefore, these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 . Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Information The accompanying interim condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2023, the condensed consolidated statements of operations and of comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the condensed consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, and the related footnote disclosures are unaudited. These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. In management’s opinion, the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments necessary to state fairly the Company’s financial position as of September 30, 2023, its results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, and its cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. The results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full year ending December 31, 2023 or any future period. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 . Use of Estimates The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements. Such estimates include, but are not limited to, allowance for doubtful accounts, deferred contract acquisitions costs, the period of benefit generated from the Company’s deferred contract acquisition costs, the capitalization and estimated useful life of internal-use software, valuation of acquired intangible assets, the assessment of recoverability of intangible assets and their estimated useful lives, useful lives of property and equipment, the determination of the incremental borrowing rate used for operating lease liabilities, the valuation and recognition of stock-based compensation awards, uncertain tax positions, and the recognition and measurement of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities. Management bases these estimates and assumptions on historical

Summary of Significant Accounti

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Significant Accounting Policies The Company's significant accounting policies are discussed in the "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. There have been no significant changes to these policies that have had a material impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes, except as noted below. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements There have been no recently adopted accounting pronouncements since the filing of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 that may have a material impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.

Revenue

Revenue	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Revenue	Revenue Disaggregation of Revenue Subscription and support revenue is recognized over time and accounted for substantially all of the Company’s revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. The following table summarizes the revenue by region based on the billing address of customers who have contracted to use the Company’s global network and products: Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022 (dollars in thousands) Amount Percentage Amount Percentage Amount Percentage Amount Percentage United States $ 175,519 52 % $ 135,280 53 % $ 490,129 53 % $ 370,889 53 % Europe, Middle East, and Africa 92,705 28 % 68,149 27 % 255,382 27 % 185,088 26 % Asia Pacific 42,960 13 % 33,801 13 % 122,577 13 % 96,481 14 % Other 24,419 7 % 16,627 7 % 66,184 7 % 48,083 7 % Total $ 335,603 100 % $ 253,857 100 % $ 934,272 100 % $ 700,541 100 % The following table summarizes the revenue from contracts by type of customer: Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022 (dollars in thousands) Amount Percentage Amount Percentage Amount Percentage Amount Percentage Channel partners $ 52,340 16 % $ 32,634 13 % $ 140,491 15 % $ 85,923 12 % Direct customers 283,263 84 % 221,223 87 % 793,781 85 % 614,618 88 % Total $ 335,603 100 % $ 253,857 100 % $ 934,272 100 % $ 700,541 100 % Contract Balances Contract liabilities consist of deferred revenue and include payments received in advance of performance under the contract. Such amounts are recognized as revenue over the contractual period. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized revenue of $204.1 million and $110.4 million, respectively, that was included in the corresponding contract liability balance at the beginning of the periods presented. The Company receives payments from customers based upon contractual billing schedules; accounts receivable are recorded when the right to consideration becomes unconditional. Standard payment terms are due upon receipt. Contract assets include amounts related to the Company’s contractual right to consideration for both completed and partially completed performance obligations that have not been invoiced. The following table summarizes the activity of the deferred contract acquisition costs: Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022 (in thousands) Beginning balance $ 107,482 $ 80,706 $ 93,145 $ 70,320 Capitalization of contract acquisition costs 23,418 18,377 66,766 48,981 Amortization of deferred contract acquisition costs (15,746) (11,801) (44,757) (32,019) Ending balance $ 115,154 $ 87,282 $ 115,154 $ 87,282 The Company did not recognize any impairment losses of deferred contract acquisition costs during the periods presented. Remaining Performance Obligations As of September 30, 2023, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations was $1,083.0 million. As of September 30, 2023, the Company expected to recognize 75% of its remaining performance obligations as revenue over the next 12 months with the remainder recognized thereafter.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Fair Value Measurements	Fair Value Measurements Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received from sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified into the following categories: • Level I: Observable inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; • Level II: Observable inputs are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the assets or liabilities, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instruments; and • Level III: Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. These inputs are based on the Company’s own assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value and require significant management judgment or estimation. The Company's cash equivalents and restricted cash are comprised of highly liquid money market funds. The Company classifies money market funds within Level I of the fair value hierarchy because they are valued based on quoted market prices in active markets. The Company classifies its investments, which are comprised of U.S. treasury securities, U.S. government agency securities, commercial paper, and corporate bonds, within Level II of the fair value hierarchy because the fair value of these securities is priced by using inputs based on non-binding market consensus prices that are primarily corroborated by observable market data or quoted market prices for similar instruments. The Company recognizes transfers between levels within the fair value hierarchy, if any, at the end of each period. There were no transfers between levels during the periods presented. The following table summarizes the Company’s cash and available-for-sale securities’ amortized cost, unrealized gains (losses), and fair value by significant investment category reported as cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash short-term, restricted cash, or available-for-sale securities as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. (in thousands) Reported as: September 30, 2023 Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Fair Value Cash & Available-for-sale securities Restricted Cash $ 78,765 $ — $ — $ 78,765 $ 75,268 $ — $ 3,497 Level I: Money market funds 3,951 — — 3,951 3,951 — — Level II: Corporate bonds 250,434 7 (1,275) 249,166 — 249,166 — U.S. treasury securities 998,771 7 (2,539) 996,239 — 996,239 — U.S. government agency securities 84,029 — (270) 83,759 — 83,759 — Commercial paper 165,924 — (2) 165,922 14,924 150,998 — Subtotal 1,499,158 14 (4,086) 1,495,086 14,924 1,480,162 — Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis $ 1,581,874 $ 14 $ (4,086) $ 1,577,802 $ 94,143 $ 1,480,162 $ 3,497 (in thousands) Reported as: December 31, 2022 Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Fair Cash & Available-for-sale securities Restricted Cash $ 87,719 $ — $ — $ 87,719 $ 77,164 $ — $ 10,555 Level I: Money market funds 125,450 — — 125,450 124,979 — 471 Level II: Corporate bonds 258,617 46 (2,621) 256,042 2,035 254,007 — U.S. treasury securities 818,379 20 (9,233) 809,166 — 809,166 — U.S. government agency securities 25,283 — (31) 25,252 — 25,252 — Commercial paper 357,334 — — 357,334 — 357,334 — Subtotal 1,459,613 66 (11,885) 1,447,794 2,035 1,445,759 — Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis $ 1,672,782 $ 66 $ (11,885) $ 1,660,963 $ 204,178 $ 1,445,759 $ 11,026 Included in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the December 31, 2022 consolidated balance sheet is $37.5 million of proceeds receivable resulting from maturities of U.S. government agency securities that were initiated on December 31, 2022 and settled on January 3, 2023. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had $3.5 million in total restricted cash mainly related to irrevocable standby letters of credit and bank guarantees that are required under lease agreements. The aggregate fair value of the Company’s money market funds approximated amortized cost and, as such, there were no unrealized gains or losses on money market funds as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Realized gains and losses, net of tax, were not material for any of the periods presented. The amortized cost of available-for-sale investments with maturities less than one year was $1,247.6 million and $1,251.6 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The amortized cost of available-for-sale investments with maturities greater than one year was $236.7 million and $205.9 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. As of September 30, 2023, net unrealized loss on investments was $4.1 million and was included in accumulated other comprehensive income on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. As of December 31, 2022, net unrealized loss on investments was $11.9 million and was included in accumulated other comprehensive income on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale investments are related to U.S. treasury securities, U.S. government agency securities, commercial paper, and corporate bonds. The Company determined any unrealized losses to be temporary. Factors considered in determining whether a loss is temporary include the financial condition and near-term prospects of the investee, the extent of the loss related to the credit of the issuer, the expected cash flows from the security, the Company’s intent to sell the security, and whether or not the Company will be required to sell the security before the recovery of its amortized cost. As of September 30, 2023, the Company's investment portfolio consisted of investment grade securities with an average credit rating of AA+. The Company carries the 2026 Notes (as defined below) issued in August 2021 at face value less the unamortized issuance costs on its condensed consolidated balance sheets and presents that fair value for disclosure purposes only. As of September 30, 2023 , the fair value of the 2026 Notes was $1,101.5 million. The fair value of the 2026 Notes, which are classified as Level II financial instruments, was determined based on the quoted bid prices of the 2026 Notes in an over-the-counter market on the last trading day of the reporting period. For further details on the 2026 Notes, refer to Note 7 to these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Balance Sheet Components

Balance Sheet Components	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Balance Sheet Components	Balance Sheet Components Accounts Receivable, Net As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts was $4.5 million and $3.1 million, respectively. Provision for bad debt for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $3.5 million and $1.1 million, respectively, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $9.5 million and $3.1 million, respectively. Write-off of uncollectible accounts receivable for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $4.4 million and $1.5 million, respectively, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $8.1 million and $3.3 million, respectively. Property and Equipment, Net Property and equipment, net consisted of the following: September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 (in thousands) Property and equipment: Servers—network infrastructure $ 315,712 $ 239,828 Construction in progress 39,597 72,827 Capitalized internal-use software 110,786 88,541 Office and computer equipment 38,694 30,577 Office furniture 10,328 6,547 Software 6,376 5,962 Leasehold improvements 42,835 20,392 Asset retirement obligation 826 827 Gross property and equipment 565,154 465,501 Less accumulated depreciation and amortization (255,339) (178,901) Total property and equipment, net $ 309,815 $ 286,600 Depreciation and amortization expense on property and equipment for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $29.0 million and $21.9 million, respectively, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $83.2 million and $60.8 million , respectively . This includes amortization expense for capitalized internal-use software which totaled $5.4 million and $5.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $16.1 million and $14.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively . Goodwill As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company's goodwill was $148.0 million . No goodwill impairments were recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. Acquired Intangible Assets, Net Acquired intangible assets, net consisted of the following: September 30, 2023 Gross Carrying Accumulated Net Book (in thousands) Developed technology $ 40,100 $ 32,129 $ 7,971 Trade name 1,700 1,275 425 Customer relationships 11,600 2,175 9,425 Total acquired intangible assets, net $ 53,400 $ 35,579 $ 17,821 December 31, 2022 Gross Carrying Accumulated Net Book (in thousands) Developed technology $ 40,100 $ 19,191 $ 20,909 Trade name 1,700 638 1,062 Customer relationships 11,600 1,088 10,512 Total acquired intangible assets, net $ 53,400 $ 20,917 $ 32,483 Amortization of acquired intangible assets was $4.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, and $14.7 million and $10.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. As of September 30, 2023, the estimated future amortization expense of acquired intangible assets was as follows: Estimated (in thousands) Year ending December 31, 2023 (remaining three months) $ 4,740 2024 5,468 2025 1,450 2026 1,450 2027 1,450 Thereafter 3,263 Total $ 17,821

Leases

Leases	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Leases	Leases The Company's lease portfolio consists of real estate and co-location agreements in the United States and internationally. The real estate leases include leases for office space and have remaining lease terms of up to 7.8 years. Certain of these leases contain options that allow the Company to extend or terminate the lease agreement. The Company's co-location leases have remaining lease terms of up to 8.3 years. All of the Company's leases are classified as operating leases. The components of lease cost related to the Company's operating leases included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations were as follows: Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022 (in thousands) Operating lease cost $ 10,974 $ 8,848 $ 32,899 $ 26,954 Total lease cost $ 10,974 $ 8,848 $ 32,899 $ 26,954 Variable lease cost and short-term lease cost for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022 were not material. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had $40.9 million of total undiscounted future payments under operating leases that have not yet commenced, which were not included on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. These operating leases will commence between October 2023 and July 2026 and have an average lease term of 3.5 years. As of September 30, 2023, the weighted-average remaining term of the Company’s operating leases was 4.9 years and the weighted-average discount rate used to measure the present value of the operating lease liabilities was 4.5%. Maturities of the operating lease liabilities as of September 30, 2023 are as follows: September 30, 2023 (in thousands) 2023 (remaining three months) $ 10,422 2024 37,234 2025 29,690 2026 25,906 2027 21,865 Thereafter 27,306 Total lease payments $ 152,423 Less: Imputed interest $ (15,674) Total operating lease liabilities $ 136,749
Leases	Leases The Company's lease portfolio consists of real estate and co-location agreements in the United States and internationally. The real estate leases include leases for office space and have remaining lease terms of up to 7.8 years. Certain of these leases contain options that allow the Company to extend or terminate the lease agreement. The Company's co-location leases have remaining lease terms of up to 8.3 years. All of the Company's leases are classified as operating leases. The components of lease cost related to the Company's operating leases included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations were as follows: Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022 (in thousands) Operating lease cost $ 10,974 $ 8,848 $ 32,899 $ 26,954 Total lease cost $ 10,974 $ 8,848 $ 32,899 $ 26,954 Variable lease cost and short-term lease cost for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022 were not material. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had $40.9 million of total undiscounted future payments under operating leases that have not yet commenced, which were not included on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. These operating leases will commence between October 2023 and July 2026 and have an average lease term of 3.5 years. As of September 30, 2023, the weighted-average remaining term of the Company’s operating leases was 4.9 years and the weighted-average discount rate used to measure the present value of the operating lease liabilities was 4.5%. Maturities of the operating lease liabilities as of September 30, 2023 are as follows: September 30, 2023 (in thousands) 2023 (remaining three months) $ 10,422 2024 37,234 2025 29,690 2026 25,906 2027 21,865 Thereafter 27,306 Total lease payments $ 152,423 Less: Imputed interest $ (15,674) Total operating lease liabilities $ 136,749

Debt

Debt	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Debt	Debt 2026 Convertible Senior Notes In August 2021, the Company issued $1,293.8 million aggregate principal amount of 0% Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 (the 2026 Notes). The total proceeds from the issuance of the 2026 Notes, net of initial purchaser discounts and commissions and debt issuance costs, were $1,274.0 million. The 2026 Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company and will mature on August 15, 2026, unless earlier redeemed, repurchased, or converted, and are governed by the terms of the Indenture dated August 13, 2021 (the 2026 Indenture). The 2026 Notes are 0% convertible senior notes and therefore do not bear regular cash interest. The 2026 Notes are convertible at an initial conversion rate of 5.2263 shares of the Company's Class A common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the 2026 Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $191.34 per share, subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specified events in accordance with the terms of the 2026 Indenture. The 2026 Notes may be converted at any time on or after May 15, 2026 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date. Holders of the 2026 Notes may convert all or any portion of their 2026 Notes at their option at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding May 15, 2026, only under the following circumstances: (1) during any calendar quarter (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of the Company's Class A common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day; (2) during the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of the 2026 Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company's Class A common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day; (3) if the Company calls such 2026 Notes for redemption, at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the redemption date; or (4) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events. None of the circumstances described in the paragraphs above were met during the quarter ended September 30, 2023. Refer to Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 for further information on the 2026 Notes. 2026 Capped Call Transactions In connection with the offering of the 2026 Notes, the Company entered into privately-negotiated capped call option transactions (the 2026 Capped Calls) with certain financial institution counterparties. The 2026 Capped Calls each have an initial strike price of approximately $191.34 per share of the Company's Class A common stock, subject to certain adjustments, which corresponds to the initial conversion price of the 2026 Notes. The 2026 Capped Calls each have an initial cap price of approximately $250.94 per share, subject to certain adjustments. As of September 30, 2023, the terms of the 2026 Capped Calls have not been adjusted. The 2026 Capped Calls are recorded in stockholders' equity and are not accounted for as derivatives. The premium paid for the purchase of the 2026 Capped Calls of $86.3 million was recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Refer to Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 for further information on the 2026 Capped Calls. 2025 Convertible Senior Notes In May 2020, the Company issued $575.0 million aggregate principal amount of 0.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2025 (the 2025 Notes, and together with the 2026 Notes, the Notes) . The 2025 Notes were senior unsecured obligations of the Company, with interest payable semi-annually in arrears, at a rate of 0.75% per year. The 2025 Notes were convertible at an initial conversion rate of 26.7187 shares of the Company's Class A common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the 2025 Notes, which was equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $37.43 per share, subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specified events in accordance with the terms of the Indenture dated May 15, 2020 (the 2025 Indenture). After the closing of the transactions described below, no 2025 Notes were outstanding as of September 30, 2023 . During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, the Company exchanged approximately $400.0 million aggregate principal amount of the 2025 Notes (the 2025 Notes Exchange) for an aggregate of $400.7 million in cash (including accrued interest) and approximately 7.6 million shares of the Company’s Class A common stock (the Exchange Shares) for aggregate consideration of approximately $1,321.0 million. As a result, the Company recorded a debt extinguishment loss of $72.2 million, representing the difference between the fair value of the liability component of $355.3 million and the carrying value of the 2025 Notes Exchange of $283.1 million at the closing date. The fair value of the liability component was calculated by using an effective interest rate of 4.08%, which was determined by measuring the fair value of similar debt instruments that did not have an associated convertible feature and adjusted to reflect the term of the remaining 2025 Notes. The aggregate consideration of $1,321.0 million was allocated between the fair value of the liability component of $355.3 million and the reacquisition of the equity component of $965.7 million, which was recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital and offset by the additional paid-in capital for the Exchange Shares issued. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, the Company settled conversions of approximately $16.6 million aggregate principal amount of the 2025 Notes. The Company elected to settle the conversions in a combination of cash equal to the principal amount of the 2025 Notes converted and the issuance of approximately 0.3 million shares of the Company's Class A common stock for the remainder of the conversion value in excess of the aggregate principal amount converted. The difference between the settlement consideration and the carrying value of the 2025 Notes converted was recorded to additional paid-in-capital on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets. During the three months ended June 30, 2023, the Company repurchased $123.0 million principal amount of the 2025 Notes (the 2025 Notes Repurchases) for approximately $172.7 million in cash, including approximately $0.5 million of accrued interest. The 2025 Notes Repurchases resulted in a $50.3 million loss on extinguishment of debt, of which $1.1 million consisted of unamortized debt issuance costs. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company settled conversions of approximately $35.4 million aggregate principal amount of the 2025 Notes. These conversions were exercised by the holders of the 2025 Notes in connection with the Company's issuance of a redemption notice. Pursuant to the terms of the 2025 Indenture, the conversion rate then in effect was 28.5913 shares of the Company's Class A common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the 2025 Notes, inclusive of 1.8726 additional shares added to the initial conversion rate. The Company elected to settle the conversions in a combination of cash equal to the principal amount of the 2025 Notes converted and the issuance of approximately 0.5 million shares of the Company's Class A common stock for the remainder of the conversion value in excess of the aggregate principal amount converted. The difference between the settlement consideration and the carrying value of the 2025 Notes converted was recorded to additional paid-in-capital on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets. As a result of this transaction, no 2025 Notes were outstanding as of September 30, 2023. 2025 Capped Call Transactions In connection with the offering of the 2025 Notes, the Company entered into privately-negotiated capped call option transactions (the 2025 Capped C alls) with certain financial institution counterparties . The 2025 Capped Calls each have an initial strike price of approximately $37.43 per share of the Company's Class A common stock, subject to certain adjustments, which corresponds to the initial conversion price of the 2025 Notes. The 2025 Capped Calls each have an initial cap price of $57.58 per share, subject to certain adjustments. As of September 30, 2023, the terms of the 2025 Capped Calls have not been adjusted and no 2025 Capped Calls were exercised or terminated in connection with the 2025 Notes Exchange, the 2025 Notes Repurchases, or any of the conversions of the 2025 Notes. The 2025 Capped Calls are recorded in stockholders' equity and are not accounted for as derivatives. The premium paid for the purchase of the 2025 Capped Calls of $67.3 million was recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Refer to Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 for further information on the 2025 Capped Calls. The net carrying amounts of the Notes were as follows: September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 2026 Notes 2025 Notes 2026 Notes 2025 Notes (in thousands) Principal $ 1,293,750 $ — $ 1,293,750 $ 158,429 Unamortized debt issuance costs (11,378) — (14,348) (1,639) Carrying amount, net $ 1,282,372 $ — $ 1,279,402 $ 156,790 The following tables set forth total interest expense recognized related to the Notes: Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 2022 2026 Notes 2025 Notes 2026 Notes 2025 Notes (in thousands) Coupon interest expense $ — $ 12 $ — $ 297 Amortization of debt issuance costs 989 70 990 175 Total $ 989 $ 82 $ 990 $ 472 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 2022 2026 Notes 2025 Notes 2026 Notes 2025 Notes (in thousands) Coupon interest expense $ — $ 477 $ — $ 904 Amortization of debt issuance costs 2,970 559 2,969 528 Total $ 2,970 $ 1,036 $ 2,969 $ 1,432

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies	Commitments and Contingencies Purchase Commitments Open purchase commitments are for the purchase of goods and services under non-cancelable contracts. They are not recorded as liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2023 as the Company has not yet received the related goods and services. Refer to the table below for purchase commitments under non-cancelable contracts with various vendors as of September 30, 2023. Bandwidth & Co-location Commitments The Company enters into long-term non-cancelable agreements with providers in various countries to purchase capacity, such as bandwidth and co-location space, for the Company’s global network. Bandwidth and co-location costs for paying customers are recorded as cost of revenue in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and as sales and marketing expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for free customers. Such costs totaled $34.0 million and $30.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $104.7 million and $84.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Refer to the table below for long-term bandwidth and co-location commitments under non-cancelable contracts with various networks and Internet service providers as of September 30, 2023. For the lease components of co-location agreements, refer to Note 6 to these condensed consolidated financial statements. Payments Due by Period as of September 30, 2023 Total 2023 (remaining three months) 2024 2025 2026 2027 Thereafter (in thousands) Non-cancelable: Open purchase agreements (1) $ 83,895 $ 7,468 $ 22,386 $ 42,093 $ 5,476 $ 2,495 $ 3,977 Bandwidth and other co-location related commitments (2) 110,093 12,769 42,272 23,221 14,960 11,555 5,316 Total $ 193,988 $ 20,237 $ 64,658 $ 65,314 $ 20,436 $ 14,050 $ 9,293 (1) Open purchase commitments are for the purchase of goods and services under non-cancelable contracts. They were not recorded as liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2023 as the Company had not yet received the related goods and services. (2) Long-term commitments for bandwidth usage and other co-location related commitments with various networks and Internet service providers. The costs for services not yet received were not recorded as liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2023. Legal Matters From time to time the Company is a party to various legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. In addition, third parties may from time to time assert claims against the Company in the form of letters and other communications. Management currently believes that there is no pending or threatened legal proceeding to which the Company is a party that is likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. However, the results of legal proceedings are inherently unpredictable and if an unfavorable ruling were to occur in any of the legal proceedings there exists the possibility of a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. The Company accrues for legal proceedings that it considers probable and for which the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company also discloses material contingencies when it believes a loss is not probable but reasonably possible. Legal costs incurred and expected to be incurred related to litigation matters are expensed as incurred. The Company’s network and associated products are subject to various restrictions under U.S. export control and sanctions laws and regulations, including the U.S. Department of Commerce’s Export Administration Regulations (EAR) and various economic and trade sanctions regulations administered by the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Controls (OFAC). The U.S. export control laws and U.S. economic sanctions laws include restrictions or prohibitions on the sale or supply of certain products and services to U.S. embargoed or sanctioned countries, governments, persons and entities and also require authorization for the export of certain encryption items. In addition, various countries regulate the import of certain encryption technology, including through import permitting and licensing requirements and have enacted or could enact laws that could limit the Company’s ability to distribute its products through its network. Although the Company takes precautions to prevent its network and associated products from being accessed or used in violation of such laws, the Company may have inadvertently allowed its network and associated products to be accessed or used by some customers in apparent violation of U.S. economic sanctions laws, including by users in embargoed or sanctioned countries, and the Company may have exported or allowed the download of certain software prior to making required filings with the U.S. Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security. As a result, the Company has submitted to OFAC and to the Bureau of Industry and Security a voluntary self-disclosure concerning potential violations, and the Company has submitted a voluntary self-disclosure to the Census Bureau regarding potential violations of the Foreign Trade Regulations related to some incorrect electronic export information statements to the U.S. government for certain hardware exports, which were authorized. The voluntary self-disclosure to the Census Bureau was completed with no penalties in November 2019, and the voluntary self-disclosure to the Bureau of Industry and Security was completed with no penalties in June 2020. The voluntary self-disclosure to OFAC remains under review. If the Company is found to be in violation of U.S. economic sanctions or export control laws, it could result in substantial fines and penalties for the Company and for the individuals working for the Company. The Company may also be adversely affected through other penalties, reputational harm, loss of access to certain markets or otherwise. No loss has been recognized in the consolidated financial statements for this loss contingency as it is not probable a loss has been incurred and the range of a possible loss is not yet estimable. Guarantees and Indemnifications If the Company's services do not meet certain service level commitments, its contracted customers and certain of its pay-as-you-go customers are entitled to receive service credits, and in certain cases, refunds, each representing a form of variable consideration. To date, the Company has not incurred any material costs as a result of such commitments. The Company’s arrangements generally include certain provisions for indemnifying customers against liabilities if its products or services infringe a third-party’s intellectual property rights. It is not possible to determine the maximum potential amount under these indemnification obligations due to the limited history of prior indemnification claims and the unique facts and circumstances involved in each particular agreement. To date, the Company has not incurred any material costs as a result of such obligations and has not accrued any liabilities related to such obligations in the condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company has also agreed to indemnify its directors, executive officers, and certain other employees for costs associated with any fees, expenses, judgments, fines, and settlement amounts incurred by them in any action or proceeding to which any of them are, or are threatened to be, made a party by reason of their service as a director or officer. The Company maintains director and officer insurance coverage that would generally enable it to recover a portion of any future amounts paid. The Company also may be subject to indemnification obligations by law with respect to the actions of its employees under certain circumstances and in certain jurisdictions.

Common Stock

Common Stock	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Equity [Abstract]
Common Stock	Common Stock The Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation authorizes the issuance of Class A common stock and Class B common stock. The holder of each share of Class A common stock is entitled to one vote per share, while the holder of each share of Class B common stock is entitled to 10 votes per share. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company was authorized to issue 2,250,000,000 shares of Class A common stock and 315,000,000 shares of Class B common stock, each with a par value of $0.001 per share. There were 295,639,262 and 286,560,947 shares of Class A common stock issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The number of shares of Class B common stock issued and outstanding was 40,026,686 and 43,524,514, as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Holders of the Company’s Class A common stock and Class B common stock are entitled to dividends when, as and if, declared by the Company’s Board of Directors, subject to the rights of the holders of all classes of stock outstanding having priority rights to dividends. Any dividends paid to the holders of the Class A common stock and Class B common stock will be paid on a pro rata basis. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had not declared any dividends. The rights of the holders of Class A and Class B common stock are identical, except with respect to voting and conversion. Shares of the Company's Class B common stock are convertible into an equivalent number of shares of the Company's Class A common stock and generally convert into shares of the Company's Class A common stock upon cessation of employment or transfer, except for certain transfers described in the Company's amended and restated certificate of incorporation. Class A common stock and Class B common stock are referred to, collectively, as common stock throughout the notes to these condensed consolidated financial statements, unless otherwise indicated. Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance Shares of common stock reserved for future issuance, on an as-if converted basis, are as follows: September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 (in thousands) 2025 Notes — 5,503 2026 Notes 10,311 10,311 Stock options issued and outstanding 13,248 15,886 Remaining shares available for issuance under the 2019 Plan 57,863 44,693 Outstanding and unsettled RSUs 10,680 10,196 Shares available for issuance under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP) 14,042 10,990 Total shares of common stock reserved 106,144 97,579

Stock-based Compensation

Stock-based Compensation	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Stock-based Compensation	Stock-based Compensation Equity Incentive Plans In 2010, the Company's Board of Directors adopted and stockholders approved the 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (2010 Plan). The 2010 Plan is a broad-based retention program and is intended to attract and retain talented employees, directors, and non-employee consultants. The 2010 Plan provides for the granting of stock options, restricted stock, RSUs, and stock appreciation rights to employees, directors, and consultants. Incentive stock options may be granted only to employees. All other awards under the 2010 Plan, including non-qualified stock options, may be granted to employees, directors, and consultants. Except for qualifying assumptions and substitutions of options, the exercise price of an incentive stock option and non-qualified stock option shall not be less than 100% of the fair market value of such shares on the date of grant. Prior to the Company's IPO, stock-based awards forfeited, canceled, or repurchased generally were returned to the pool of shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2010 Plan. In connection with the IPO, the 2010 Plan was terminated effective immediately prior to the effectiveness of the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (2019 Plan) and the Company ceased granting any additional awards under the 2010 Plan. All outstanding awards under the 2010 Plan at the time of the termination of the 2010 Plan remain subject to the terms of the 2010 Plan, and any shares underlying stock options that expire or terminate or are forfeited or repurchased by the Company under the 2010 Plan will be automatically transferred to the 2019 Plan. In 2019, the Company's Board of Directors adopted and stockholders approved the 2019 Plan, which became effective one business day prior to the effective date of the Company's registration statement on Form S-1 for the IPO. The 2019 Plan provides for the granting of stock options, restricted stock, RSUs, stock appreciation rights, performance shares, performance stock units, and performance awards for the Company's Class A common stock to the Company's employees, directors, and consultants. Except as otherwise indicated below, the maximum number of shares of Class A common stock that may be issued under the 2019 Plan will not exceed 66,661,953 shares of the Company's Class A common stock, which is the sum of (1) 29,335,000 new shares, plus (2) an additional number of shares of Class A common stock not to exceed 37,326,953, consisting of the total number of shares of Class A or Class B common stock subject to outstanding awards granted under the 2010 Plan that, on or after the 2019 Plan became effective, are canceled, expire, or otherwise terminate prior to exercise or settlement; are repurchased by the Company because of the failure to vest; or are forfeited, tendered to, or withheld by the Company (or not issued) to satisfy a tax withholding obligation or the payment of an exercise price, if any, as such shares become available from time to time. Stock-based awards under the 2019 Plan that expire or are forfeited, canceled, or repurchased generally are returned to the pool of shares of Class A common stock available for issuance under the 2019 Plan. In addition, the number of shares of the Company's Class A common stock reserved for issuance under the 2019 Plan will automatically increase on January 1 of each calendar year, starting on January 1, 2021 through January 1, 2029, in an amount equal to the least of (i) 29,335,000 shares, (ii) 5% of the total number of shares of Class A and Class B common stock outstanding on December 31 of the fiscal year before the date of each automatic increase, or (iii) a lesser number of shares determined by the compensation committee of the Company's Board of Directors prior to the applicable January 1. Stock Options Under the 2010 Plan and 2019 Plan, at exercise, stock option awards entitle the holder to receive one share of Class B or Class A common stock, in the case of the 2010 Plan, or one share of Class A common stock, in the case of the 2019 Plan. The stock options granted under the 2010 Plan and the 2019 Plan generally vest over a four-year period subject to remaining continuously employed and expire no more than 10 years from the date of grant. As of September 30, 2023, there was $212.7 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested stock options that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 4.4 years . During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, the Company granted to certain executive officers and other key employees 10-year stock options with market conditions that vest and becomes exercisable only if the Company achieves certain stock price milestones and the employee continues to provide service to the Company through the applicable vesting dates (the Performance Options). The Performance Options were granted under the 2019 Plan and consist of 10-year options to purchase an aggregate of 5,575,000 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock. In April 2023, the Company's compensation committee and Board of Directors approved amendments to the Performance Options, effective as of May 1, 2023. These amendments reduced the exercise price per share of the Performance Options to the fair market value per share of the Company's Class A common stock on the effective date of the amendment, and modified the structure of the Performance Options to contain a total of nine separate tranches with added stock price milestones. These amendments resulted in an additional stock-based compensation expense of approximately $25.8 million to be recognized over a weighted-average requisite service period. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company granted to new key employees the Performance Options to purchase an aggregate of 960,000 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense for the Performance Options based on the grant date fair value and using a graded attribution method over the weighted-average requisite service period. The total stock-based compensation expense for the Performance Options for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were $12.8 million and $14.2 million, respectively, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were $27.1 million and $26.8 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2023, there was $202.4 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to the Performance Options that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 4.6 years . In connection with the acquisition of Area 1 Security, Inc. (Area 1), each unvested option to purchase shares of Area 1’s common stock held by Area 1 employees who have joined the Company were assumed and converted into stock option awards to purchase the Company's Class A common stock (the Assumed Area 1 Stock Options). The Assumed Area 1 Stock Options are subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Area 1 stock incentive plan and consist of options to purchase an aggregate of 156,770 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock. The Assumed Area 1 Stock Options are generally subject to annual vesting on a ratable basis over the three years from the Area 1 acquisition date, in each case subject to remaining continuously employed by the Company or any of its subsidiaries. The total stock-based compensation expense for the Assumed Area 1 Stock Options for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 were not material. As of September 30, 2023, there was $5.9 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to the Assumed Area 1 Stock Options that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.5 years. For further details on the Area 1 acquisition, refer to Note 13 to these condensed consolidated financial statements. Early Exercises of Stock Options The 2010 Plan allows for the early exercise of stock options for certain individuals as determined by the Company’s Board of Directors. Shares of common stock issued upon early exercises of unvested options are not deemed, for accounting purposes, to be issued until those shares vest according to their respective vesting schedules and accordingly, the consideration received for early exercises is initially recorded as a liability and reclassified to common stock and additional paid-in capital as the underlying awards vest. Stock options that are early exercised are subject to a repurchase option that allows the Company to repurchase within six months of an individual’s termination for any reason, including death and disability (or in the case of shares issued upon exercise of an option after termination, within six months of the date of exercise), any unvested shares of such individual for a repurchase price equal to the amount previously paid by the individual for such unvested shares. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had $0.1 million and $1.9 million, respectively, recorded in liability for early exercise of unvested stock options, and the related number of unvested shares subject to repurchase was 48,752 and 899,691, respectively. Restricted Stock Units RSUs granted under the 2010 Plan generally vest upon the satisfaction of both a service-based vesting condition and a performance vesting condition, as defined below, occurring before these RSUs expire. RSUs granted under the 2019 Plan generally vest upon the satisfaction of a service-based vesting condition. The service-based vesting condition for employees under both the 2010 Plan and the 2019 Plan is typically satisfied over a four-year period, subject to remaining continuously employed. The performance vesting condition under the 2010 Plan was deemed satisfied upon the effective date of the Company's registration statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC in connection with the IPO. The total stock-based compensation expense for RSUs for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $57.4 million and $33.7 million, respectively, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $156.8 and $95.6 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2023, the total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested RSUs was $601.3 million that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.9 years. 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan In September 2019, the Company's Board of Directors adopted and stockholders approved the ESPP, which became effective one business day prior to the effective date of the Company's registration statement on Form S-1 filed with the SEC in connection with the IPO. A total of 5,870,000 shares of Class A common stock were initially reserved for sale under the ESPP. The number of shares of Class A common stock reserved for issuance includes an annual increase on the first day of each fiscal year, beginning on January 1, 2021, by the least of (1) 5,870,000 shares of Class A common stock, (2) 1% of the total number of shares of Class A and Class B common stock outstanding on December 31 of the fiscal year before the date of each automatic increase; or (3) such lesser amount as the compensation committee of the Company's Board of Directors may determine prior to the applicable January 1. Generally, all regular employees, including executive officers, employed by the Company or by any of its designated subsidiaries, except for those holding 5% or more of the total combined voting power or value of all classes of common stock, may participate in the ESPP and may contribute, normally through payroll deductions, up to 10% of their eligible compensation for the purchase of Class A common stock under the ESPP. Unless otherwise determined by the compensation committee of the Board of Directors, Class A common stock will be purchased for the accounts of employees participating in the ESPP at a price per share that is the lesser of (1) 85% of the fair market value of a share of the Company's Class A common stock on the first date of an offering period, or (2) 85% of the fair market value of a share of the Company's Class A common stock on the date of purchase. The ESPP generally provides for six-month offering periods beginning on the first day of trading on or after November 15 and May 15 of each year and terminating on the last trading day before May 15 and November 15, approximately six months later, with identical purchase periods. Current employees cannot sell the shares of Class A common stock purchased under the ESPP until the day after the one-year anniversary of the purchase date of such shares, except for the withholding or sale of shares by the Company to meet any applicable tax withholding obligations. No employee may purchase (i) during each purchase period more than 1,500 shares of Class A common stock and (ii) shares under the ESPP at a rate in excess of $25,000 worth of the Company's Class A common stock based on the fair market value per share of the Company's Class A common stock at the beginning of an offering for each calendar year such purchase right is outstanding. 248,738 and 153,974 shares of Class A common stock were purchased under the ESPP during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. As of September 30, 2023, the total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to the ESPP was $1.1 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.1 years. Stock-based Compensation Expense The following table sets forth the total stock-based compensation expense included in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations: Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022 (in thousands) Cost of revenue $ 2,272 $ 2,046 $ 6,002 $ 5,012 Sales and marketing 20,160 11,266 54,994 32,401 Research and development 34,556 28,984 96,944 74,472 General and administrative 16,784 11,469 41,625 30,660 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 73,772 $ 53,765 $ 199,565 $ 142,545

Net Loss per Share Attributable

Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders	Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders: Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022 Class A Class B Class A Class B Class A Class B Class A Class B (in thousands, except per share data) Net loss attributable to common stockholders $ (20,671) $ (2,864) $ (36,934) $ (5,612) $ (136,584) $ (19,500) $ (127,825) $ (19,639) Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted 293,940 40,726 283,509 43,081 291,047 41,553 282,114 43,343 Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted $ (0.07) $ (0.07) $ (0.13) $ (0.13) $ (0.47) $ (0.47) $ (0.45) $ (0.45) Since the Company was in a loss position for all periods presented, basic net loss per share is the same as diluted net loss per share as the inclusion of all potential common shares outstanding would have been antidilutive. The potential shares of common stock that were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the periods presented because including them would have been antidilutive are as follows: September 30, 2023 2022 (in thousands) 2025 Notes — 4,233 2026 Notes 6,762 6,761 Shares subject to repurchase 49 1,171 Unexercised stock options 13,248 16,635 Unvested restricted stock and RSUs 10,733 7,682 Shares issuable pursuant to the ESPP 224 184 Total 31,016 36,666

Income Taxes

Income Taxes	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Taxes	Income Taxes The computation of the provision for (benefit from) income taxes for interim periods is determined by applying the estimated annual effective tax rate to year-to-date earnings from recurring operations and adjusting for discrete tax items recorded in the period. The Company's ability to estimate the geographic mix of earnings is impacted by the relatively high-growth nature of the business, fluctuations of business operations by country, and implementation of tax planning strategies. The Company recorded income tax expense of $1.3 million and $1.4 million f or the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and income tax expense of $4.0 million and $1.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The income tax expense of $1.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily related to withholding taxes in the United States and income tax expense from profitable foreign jurisdictions. The income tax expense of $1.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022 was primarily related to withholding taxes in the United States and income tax expense from profitable foreign jurisdictions. The income tax expense of $4.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily related to withholding taxes in the United States and income tax expense from profitable foreign jurisdictions. The income tax expense of $1.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was primarily related to withholding taxes in the United States and income tax expense from profitable foreign jurisdictions, offset by the partial release of the U.S. valuation allowance in connection with acquisitions. In determining the need for a valuation allowance, the Company weighs both positive and negative evidence in the various jurisdictions in which it operates to determine whether it is more likely than not that its deferred tax assets are realizable. A full valuation allowance has been established in the United States and United Kingdom. and no deferred tax assets and related tax benefits have been recognized in the consolidated financial statements. There is no valuation allowance associated with any other foreign jurisdictions.

Business Combinations

Business Combinations	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]
Business Combinations	Business Combinations Area 1 On April 1, 2022, the Company acquired all of the outstanding shares of Area 1, a company that has developed cloud-native email security technology, for a total purchase consideration of $156.6 million. The total purchase consideration included (i) acquisition-date cash payments of $82.6 million, net of $2.5 million of cash acquired, (ii) $63.5 million in shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, (iii) a cash holdback of $9.3 million, which the Company retained for up to 12 months and was then payable to the previous owners of Area 1, subject to offset by the Company for any of the previous owners’ indemnification obligations in connection with the acquisition, and (iv) a separate cash holdback of $1.1 million. The cash holdback of $9.3 million and $1.1 million were subsequently paid to the previous owners of Area 1 as of the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Concurrent with the closing of the acquisition, the Company made a cash payment of $4.1 million to repay Area 1’s debt, which was part of the acquisition-date cash payments included in the purchase consideration. In connection with the acquisition, the Company entered into compensation arrangements for stock-based and cash awards with a value totaling $15.9 million. Of the total stock-based and cash awards, $1.4 million cash awards were recognized as compensation expense on the acquisition date. Refer to Note 10 to these condensed consolidated financial statements for further details on the share-based awards. The transaction-related costs for the acquisition were not material and were included in general and administrative expenses during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the acquisition date are summarized as follows (in thousands): Accounts receivable, net $ 1,634 Prepaids and other current assets 953 Acquired Intangible Assets 43,300 Goodwill 119,743 Total assets acquired 165,630 Accounts Payable (254) Accrued expense and other current liabilities (595) Deferred revenue (5,736) Deferred revenue, noncurrent (1,213) Other noncurrent liabilities (1,267) Total purchase price $ 156,565 The acquired assets and assumed liabilities were recorded at their estimated fair values, except for deferred revenue which was recorded under ASC 606 in accordance with the early adoption of ASU 2021-08 Business Combinations (Topic 805), Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers effective January 1, 2022. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired was allocated to goodwill, none of which is expected to be deductible for tax purposes. Goodwill is primarily attributable to the assembled workforce as well as the anticipated synergies from the integration of Area 1’s technology with the Company's technology. An immaterial purchase accounting adjustment to revise purchase consideration and goodwill was made during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. This acquisition did not have a material impact on the Company’s reported revenue or net loss amounts for any period presented; therefore, historical and pro forma disclosures have not been presented. Vectrix On January 14, 2022, the Company acquired all of the outstanding shares of Vectrix Security, Inc. (Vectrix), a company that has developed an online security technology that gives users the ability to scan and monitor SaaS applications for security issues, for a total purchase consideration of $7.6 million. The total purchase consideration included (i) acquisition-date cash payments of $4.3 million, net of $0.8 million of cash acquired, (ii) $2.0 million in shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, and (iii) a cash holdback of $1.3 million, which the Company retained for up to 18 months and was then payable to the previous owners of Vectrix, subject to offset by the Company for any of the previous owners’ indemnification obligations in connection with the acquisition. The cash holdback of $1.3 million was subsequently paid to the previous owners of Vectrix during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Concurrent with the closing of the acquisition, the Company made a cash payment of $2.0 million to cancel and settle Vectrix’s other existing equity-related agreements, which was part of the acquisition-date cash payments included in the purchase consideration. In connection with the acquisition, the Company entered into compensation arrangements for stock-based and cash awards with a value totaling $8.0 million, of which $2.6 million was recognized as compensation expense on the acquisition date. Additional compensation expense during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022 were not material. The remaining compensation amount is not material and will be recognized through the year ended December 31, 2026. The transaction-related costs for the acquisition were not material and are included in general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statement of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the acquisition date are summarized as follows (in thousands): Developed technology $ 3,100 Goodwill 4,962 Total assets acquired 8,062 Accounts Payable (20) Other noncurrent liabilities (430) Total purchase price $ 7,612 The acquired assets and assumed liabilities were recorded at their estimated fair values. The estimated useful life for the acquired developed technology is two years. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired was allocated to goodwill, none of which is expected to be deductible for tax purposes. Goodwill is primarily attributable to the assembled workforce as well as the anticipated synergies from the integration of Vectrix's technology with the Company's technology. An immaterial purchase accounting adjustment to revise purchase consideration and goodwill was made during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. This acquisition did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements; therefore, historical and pro forma disclosures have not been presented. Zaraz On October 15, 2021, the Company acquired all of the outstanding shares of Zaraz Inc. (Zaraz), a remote-first company, that has developed a server-side rendering technology, for a total purchase consideration of $7.2 million. The total purchase consideration included (i) acquisition-date cash payments of $5.6 million, net of $0.8 million of cash acquired, and (ii) $1.6 million in shares of the Company’s Class A common stock. Concurrent with the closing of the acquisition, the Company made a cash payment of $1.1 million to cancel and settle Zaraz’s existing equity arrangements, which was part of the acquisition-date cash payments included in the purchase consideration. In connection with the acquisition, the Company entered into compensation arrangements for stock-based and cash awards with a value totaling $6.5 million, of which $0.5 million was recorded as compensation expense during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021. Additional compensation expense during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022 were not material. The remaining compensation amount is not material and will be recognized through the year ended December 31, 2024. The fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the acquisition date are summarized as follows (in thousands): Developed technology $ 1,400 Goodwill 6,176 Total assets acquired 7,576 Accrued compensation (82) Other noncurrent liabilities (322) Total purchase price $ 7,172 The acquired assets and assumed liabilities were recorded at their estimated fair values. The estimated useful life for the acquired developed technology is two years. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired was allocated to goodwill, none of which is expected to be deductible for tax purposes. Goodwill is primarily attributable to the assembled workforce as well as the anticipated synergies from the integration of Zaraz's technology with the Company's technology. An immaterial purchase accounting adjustment to revise purchase consideration and goodwill was made during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. This acquisition did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements; therefore, historical and pro forma disclosures have not been presented.

Segment and Geographic Informat

Segment and Geographic Information	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Segment and Geographic Information	Segment and Geographic Information The Company’s chief operating decision maker (CODM) is its CEO, President and COO, and CFO. Collectively, the CODM reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. The Company has no segment managers who are held accountable by the CODM for operations, operating results, and planning for levels or components below the consolidated unit level. Accordingly, the Company has determined it has a single operating segment. Refer to Note 3 to these condensed consolidated financial statements for revenue by geography. The Company’s property and equipment, net, by geographic area were as follows: September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 (in thousands) United States $ 192,194 $ 184,753 Rest of the world 117,621 101,847 Total property and equipment, net $ 309,815 $ 286,600 No single country other than the United States accounted for more than 10% of total property and equipment, net as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Pay vs Performance Disclosure

Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net loss	$ (23,535)	$ (42,546)	$ (156,084)	$ (147,464)

Insider Trading Arrangements

Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 shares
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Material Terms of Trading Arrangement	During the three months ended September 30, 2023, the following “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” as defined in Regulation S-K Item 408 was adopted, as follows: On August 21, 2023, Scott Sandell, a member of our Board of Directors adopted a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement providing for the sale from time to time of up to 211,534 shares of our Class A common stock. The trading arrangement is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense in Rule 10b5-1(c). The duration of the trading arrangement is until August 30, 2024, or earlier if all transactions under the trading arrangement are completed. No other officers or directors, as defined in Rule 16a-1(f), adopted and/or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” as defined in Regulation S-K Item 408, during the last fiscal quarter.
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Scott Sandell [Member]
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Name	Scott Sandell
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	true
Adoption Date	August 21, 2023
Arrangement Duration	375 days
Aggregate Available	211,534

Summary of Significant Accoun_2

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation	Basis of PresentationThe accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (U.S. GAAP) and applicable regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) regarding interim financial reporting, and include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the applicable required disclosures and regulations of the SEC. Therefore, these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 .
Principles of Consolidation	Principles of ConsolidationAll intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Fiscal Period	The Company’s fiscal year ends on December 31.
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements. Such estimates include, but are not limited to, allowance for doubtful accounts, deferred contract acquisitions costs, the period of benefit generated from the Company’s deferred contract acquisition costs, the capitalization and estimated useful life of internal-use software, valuation of acquired intangible assets, the assessment of recoverability of intangible assets and their estimated useful lives, useful lives of property and equipment, the determination of the incremental borrowing rate used for operating lease liabilities, the valuation and recognition of stock-based compensation awards, uncertain tax positions, and the recognition and measurement of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities. Management bases these estimates and assumptions on historical
Recent Accounting Pronouncements	Recent Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements There have been no recently adopted accounting pronouncements since the filing of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 that may have a material impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.

Revenue (Tables)

Revenue (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue	The following table summarizes the revenue by region based on the billing address of customers who have contracted to use the Company’s global network and products: Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022 (dollars in thousands) Amount Percentage Amount Percentage Amount Percentage Amount Percentage United States $ 175,519 52 % $ 135,280 53 % $ 490,129 53 % $ 370,889 53 % Europe, Middle East, and Africa 92,705 28 % 68,149 27 % 255,382 27 % 185,088 26 % Asia Pacific 42,960 13 % 33,801 13 % 122,577 13 % 96,481 14 % Other 24,419 7 % 16,627 7 % 66,184 7 % 48,083 7 % Total $ 335,603 100 % $ 253,857 100 % $ 934,272 100 % $ 700,541 100 % The following table summarizes the revenue from contracts by type of customer: Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022 (dollars in thousands) Amount Percentage Amount Percentage Amount Percentage Amount Percentage Channel partners $ 52,340 16 % $ 32,634 13 % $ 140,491 15 % $ 85,923 12 % Direct customers 283,263 84 % 221,223 87 % 793,781 85 % 614,618 88 % Total $ 335,603 100 % $ 253,857 100 % $ 934,272 100 % $ 700,541 100 %
Schedule of Deferred Contract Acquisition Costs	The following table summarizes the activity of the deferred contract acquisition costs: Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022 (in thousands) Beginning balance $ 107,482 $ 80,706 $ 93,145 $ 70,320 Capitalization of contract acquisition costs 23,418 18,377 66,766 48,981 Amortization of deferred contract acquisition costs (15,746) (11,801) (44,757) (32,019) Ending balance $ 115,154 $ 87,282 $ 115,154 $ 87,282

Fair Value Measurements (Tables

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Schedule of Fair Value by Significant Investment Category	The following table summarizes the Company’s cash and available-for-sale securities’ amortized cost, unrealized gains (losses), and fair value by significant investment category reported as cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash short-term, restricted cash, or available-for-sale securities as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. (in thousands) Reported as: September 30, 2023 Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Fair Value Cash & Available-for-sale securities Restricted Cash $ 78,765 $ — $ — $ 78,765 $ 75,268 $ — $ 3,497 Level I: Money market funds 3,951 — — 3,951 3,951 — — Level II: Corporate bonds 250,434 7 (1,275) 249,166 — 249,166 — U.S. treasury securities 998,771 7 (2,539) 996,239 — 996,239 — U.S. government agency securities 84,029 — (270) 83,759 — 83,759 — Commercial paper 165,924 — (2) 165,922 14,924 150,998 — Subtotal 1,499,158 14 (4,086) 1,495,086 14,924 1,480,162 — Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis $ 1,581,874 $ 14 $ (4,086) $ 1,577,802 $ 94,143 $ 1,480,162 $ 3,497 (in thousands) Reported as: December 31, 2022 Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Fair Cash & Available-for-sale securities Restricted Cash $ 87,719 $ — $ — $ 87,719 $ 77,164 $ — $ 10,555 Level I: Money market funds 125,450 — — 125,450 124,979 — 471 Level II: Corporate bonds 258,617 46 (2,621) 256,042 2,035 254,007 — U.S. treasury securities 818,379 20 (9,233) 809,166 — 809,166 — U.S. government agency securities 25,283 — (31) 25,252 — 25,252 — Commercial paper 357,334 — — 357,334 — 357,334 — Subtotal 1,459,613 66 (11,885) 1,447,794 2,035 1,445,759 — Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis $ 1,672,782 $ 66 $ (11,885) $ 1,660,963 $ 204,178 $ 1,445,759 $ 11,026

Balance Sheet Components (Table

Balance Sheet Components (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Schedule of Property and Equipment, Net	Property and equipment, net consisted of the following: September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 (in thousands) Property and equipment: Servers—network infrastructure $ 315,712 $ 239,828 Construction in progress 39,597 72,827 Capitalized internal-use software 110,786 88,541 Office and computer equipment 38,694 30,577 Office furniture 10,328 6,547 Software 6,376 5,962 Leasehold improvements 42,835 20,392 Asset retirement obligation 826 827 Gross property and equipment 565,154 465,501 Less accumulated depreciation and amortization (255,339) (178,901) Total property and equipment, net $ 309,815 $ 286,600
Schedule of Acquired Intangible Assets, Net	Acquired intangible assets, net consisted of the following: September 30, 2023 Gross Carrying Accumulated Net Book (in thousands) Developed technology $ 40,100 $ 32,129 $ 7,971 Trade name 1,700 1,275 425 Customer relationships 11,600 2,175 9,425 Total acquired intangible assets, net $ 53,400 $ 35,579 $ 17,821 December 31, 2022 Gross Carrying Accumulated Net Book (in thousands) Developed technology $ 40,100 $ 19,191 $ 20,909 Trade name 1,700 638 1,062 Customer relationships 11,600 1,088 10,512 Total acquired intangible assets, net $ 53,400 $ 20,917 $ 32,483
Schedule of Estimated Future Amortization Expense of Acquired Intangible Assets	As of September 30, 2023, the estimated future amortization expense of acquired intangible assets was as follows: Estimated (in thousands) Year ending December 31, 2023 (remaining three months) $ 4,740 2024 5,468 2025 1,450 2026 1,450 2027 1,450 Thereafter 3,263 Total $ 17,821

Leases (Tables)

Leases (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Schedule of Lease Costs	The components of lease cost related to the Company's operating leases included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations were as follows: Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022 (in thousands) Operating lease cost $ 10,974 $ 8,848 $ 32,899 $ 26,954 Total lease cost $ 10,974 $ 8,848 $ 32,899 $ 26,954
Schedule of Lease Liability Maturities	Maturities of the operating lease liabilities as of September 30, 2023 are as follows: September 30, 2023 (in thousands) 2023 (remaining three months) $ 10,422 2024 37,234 2025 29,690 2026 25,906 2027 21,865 Thereafter 27,306 Total lease payments $ 152,423 Less: Imputed interest $ (15,674) Total operating lease liabilities $ 136,749

Debt (Tables)

Debt (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Convertible Debt	The net carrying amounts of the Notes were as follows: September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 2026 Notes 2025 Notes 2026 Notes 2025 Notes (in thousands) Principal $ 1,293,750 $ — $ 1,293,750 $ 158,429 Unamortized debt issuance costs (11,378) — (14,348) (1,639) Carrying amount, net $ 1,282,372 $ — $ 1,279,402 $ 156,790
Schedule of Interest Expense	The following tables set forth total interest expense recognized related to the Notes: Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 2022 2026 Notes 2025 Notes 2026 Notes 2025 Notes (in thousands) Coupon interest expense $ — $ 12 $ — $ 297 Amortization of debt issuance costs 989 70 990 175 Total $ 989 $ 82 $ 990 $ 472 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 2022 2026 Notes 2025 Notes 2026 Notes 2025 Notes (in thousands) Coupon interest expense $ — $ 477 $ — $ 904 Amortization of debt issuance costs 2,970 559 2,969 528 Total $ 2,970 $ 1,036 $ 2,969 $ 1,432

Commitments and Contingencies (

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Purchase Commitments	Refer to the table below for long-term bandwidth and co-location commitments under non-cancelable contracts with various networks and Internet service providers as of September 30, 2023. For the lease components of co-location agreements, refer to Note 6 to these condensed consolidated financial statements. Payments Due by Period as of September 30, 2023 Total 2023 (remaining three months) 2024 2025 2026 2027 Thereafter (in thousands) Non-cancelable: Open purchase agreements (1) $ 83,895 $ 7,468 $ 22,386 $ 42,093 $ 5,476 $ 2,495 $ 3,977 Bandwidth and other co-location related commitments (2) 110,093 12,769 42,272 23,221 14,960 11,555 5,316 Total $ 193,988 $ 20,237 $ 64,658 $ 65,314 $ 20,436 $ 14,050 $ 9,293 (1) Open purchase commitments are for the purchase of goods and services under non-cancelable contracts. They were not recorded as liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2023 as the Company had not yet received the related goods and services. (2) Long-term commitments for bandwidth usage and other co-location related commitments with various networks and Internet service providers. The costs for services not yet received were not recorded as liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2023.

Common Stock (Tables)

Common Stock (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Equity [Abstract]
Schedule of Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance	Shares of common stock reserved for future issuance, on an as-if converted basis, are as follows: September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 (in thousands) 2025 Notes — 5,503 2026 Notes 10,311 10,311 Stock options issued and outstanding 13,248 15,886 Remaining shares available for issuance under the 2019 Plan 57,863 44,693 Outstanding and unsettled RSUs 10,680 10,196 Shares available for issuance under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP) 14,042 10,990 Total shares of common stock reserved 106,144 97,579

Stock-based Compensation (Table

Stock-based Compensation (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense	The following table sets forth the total stock-based compensation expense included in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations: Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022 (in thousands) Cost of revenue $ 2,272 $ 2,046 $ 6,002 $ 5,012 Sales and marketing 20,160 11,266 54,994 32,401 Research and development 34,556 28,984 96,944 74,472 General and administrative 16,784 11,469 41,625 30,660 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 73,772 $ 53,765 $ 199,565 $ 142,545

Net Loss per Share Attributab_2

Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Schedule of Computation of Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders	The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders: Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022 Class A Class B Class A Class B Class A Class B Class A Class B (in thousands, except per share data) Net loss attributable to common stockholders $ (20,671) $ (2,864) $ (36,934) $ (5,612) $ (136,584) $ (19,500) $ (127,825) $ (19,639) Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted 293,940 40,726 283,509 43,081 291,047 41,553 282,114 43,343 Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted $ (0.07) $ (0.07) $ (0.13) $ (0.13) $ (0.47) $ (0.47) $ (0.45) $ (0.45)
Schedule of Potential Shares of Common Stock Excluded from Computation of Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders	The potential shares of common stock that were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the periods presented because including them would have been antidilutive are as follows: September 30, 2023 2022 (in thousands) 2025 Notes — 4,233 2026 Notes 6,762 6,761 Shares subject to repurchase 49 1,171 Unexercised stock options 13,248 16,635 Unvested restricted stock and RSUs 10,733 7,682 Shares issuable pursuant to the ESPP 224 184 Total 31,016 36,666

Business Combinations (Tables)

Business Combinations (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]
Schedule of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed	The fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the acquisition date are summarized as follows (in thousands): Accounts receivable, net $ 1,634 Prepaids and other current assets 953 Acquired Intangible Assets 43,300 Goodwill 119,743 Total assets acquired 165,630 Accounts Payable (254) Accrued expense and other current liabilities (595) Deferred revenue (5,736) Deferred revenue, noncurrent (1,213) Other noncurrent liabilities (1,267) Total purchase price $ 156,565 The fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the acquisition date are summarized as follows (in thousands): Developed technology $ 3,100 Goodwill 4,962 Total assets acquired 8,062 Accounts Payable (20) Other noncurrent liabilities (430) Total purchase price $ 7,612 The fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the acquisition date are summarized as follows (in thousands): Developed technology $ 1,400 Goodwill 6,176 Total assets acquired 7,576 Accrued compensation (82) Other noncurrent liabilities (322) Total purchase price $ 7,172

Segment and Geographic Inform_2

Segment and Geographic Information (Tables)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Schedule of Property and Equipment, Net by Geographic Area	The Company’s property and equipment, net, by geographic area were as follows: September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 (in thousands) United States $ 192,194 $ 184,753 Rest of the world 117,621 101,847 Total property and equipment, net $ 309,815 $ 286,600

Revenue - Disaggregation of Rev

Revenue - Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 335,603	$ 253,857	$ 934,272	$ 700,541
Geographic Concentration Risk | Revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of Revenue	100%	100%	100%	100%
Sales Channel Concentration Risk | Revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of Revenue	100%	100%	100%	100%
Channel partners
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 52,340	$ 32,634	$ 140,491	$ 85,923
Channel partners | Sales Channel Concentration Risk | Revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of Revenue	16%	13%	15%	12%
Direct customers
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 283,263	$ 221,223	$ 793,781	$ 614,618
Direct customers | Sales Channel Concentration Risk | Revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of Revenue	84%	87%	85%	88%
United States
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 175,519	$ 135,280	$ 490,129	$ 370,889
United States | Geographic Concentration Risk | Revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of Revenue	52%	53%	53%	53%
Europe, Middle East, and Africa
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 92,705	$ 68,149	$ 255,382	$ 185,088
Europe, Middle East, and Africa | Geographic Concentration Risk | Revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of Revenue	28%	27%	27%	26%
Asia Pacific
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 42,960	$ 33,801	$ 122,577	$ 96,481
Asia Pacific | Geographic Concentration Risk | Revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of Revenue	13%	13%	13%	14%
Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 24,419	$ 16,627	$ 66,184	$ 48,083
Other | Geographic Concentration Risk | Revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of Revenue	7%	7%	7%	7%

Revenue - Narratives (Details)

Revenue - Narratives (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Revenue recognized			$ 204,100,000	$ 110,400,000
Impairment loss	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

Revenue - Deferred Contract Acq

Revenue - Deferred Contract Acquisition Costs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Capitalized Contract Cost [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 107,482	$ 80,706	$ 93,145	$ 70,320
Capitalization of contract acquisition costs	23,418	18,377	66,766	48,981
Amortization of deferred contract acquisition costs	(15,746)	(11,801)	(44,757)	(32,019)
Ending balance	$ 115,154	$ 87,282	$ 115,154	$ 87,282

Revenue - Remaining Performance

Revenue - Remaining Performance Obligations (Details) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligation, amount	$ 1,083
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2023-10-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligation, percent	75%
Remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction	12 months

Fair Value Measurements - Sched

Fair Value Measurements - Schedule of Cash and Available-for-sale Debt Securities' Amortized Cost, Unrealized Gains (Losses) and Fair Value by Significant Investment Category (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	$ 94,143,000	$ 204,178,000
Amortized Cost	1,581,874,000	1,672,782,000
Unrealized Gain	14,000	66,000
Unrealized (Loss)	(4,086,000)	(11,885,000)
Fair Value	1,577,802,000	1,660,963,000
Cash
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	78,765,000	87,719,000
Unrealized Gain	0	0
Unrealized (Loss)	0	0
Fair Value	78,765,000	87,719,000
Money market funds
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Unrealized Gain	0	0
Unrealized (Loss)	0	0
Level I | Money market funds
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	3,951,000	125,450,000
Unrealized Gain	0	0
Unrealized (Loss)	0	0
Fair Value	3,951,000	125,450,000
Level II
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	1,499,158,000	1,459,613,000
Unrealized Gain	14,000	66,000
Unrealized (Loss)	(4,086,000)	(11,885,000)
Fair Value	1,495,086,000	1,447,794,000
Level II | Corporate bonds
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	250,434,000	258,617,000
Unrealized Gain	7,000	46,000
Unrealized (Loss)	(1,275,000)	(2,621,000)
Fair Value	249,166,000	256,042,000
Level II | U.S. treasury securities
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	998,771,000	818,379,000
Unrealized Gain	7,000	20,000
Unrealized (Loss)	(2,539,000)	(9,233,000)
Fair Value	996,239,000	809,166,000
Level II | U.S. government agency securities
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	84,029,000	25,283,000
Unrealized Gain	0	0
Unrealized (Loss)	(270,000)	(31,000)
Fair Value	83,759,000	25,252,000
Level II | Commercial paper
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	165,924,000	357,334,000
Unrealized Gain	0	0
Unrealized (Loss)	(2,000)	0
Fair Value	165,922,000	357,334,000
Cash & Cash Equivalents | Fair Value, Recurring
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	94,143,000	204,178,000
Cash & Cash Equivalents | Fair Value, Recurring | Cash
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair Value	75,268,000	77,164,000
Cash & Cash Equivalents | Fair Value, Recurring | Level I | Money market funds
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair Value	3,951,000	124,979,000
Cash & Cash Equivalents | Fair Value, Recurring | Level II
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair Value	14,924,000	2,035,000
Cash & Cash Equivalents | Fair Value, Recurring | Level II | Corporate bonds
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair Value	0	2,035,000
Cash & Cash Equivalents | Fair Value, Recurring | Level II | U.S. treasury securities
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair Value	0	0
Cash & Cash Equivalents | Fair Value, Recurring | Level II | U.S. government agency securities
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair Value	0	0
Cash & Cash Equivalents | Fair Value, Recurring | Level II | Commercial paper
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair Value	14,924,000	0
Available-for-sale securities | Fair Value, Recurring
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair Value	1,480,162,000	1,445,759,000
Available-for-sale securities | Fair Value, Recurring | Cash
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair Value	0	0
Available-for-sale securities | Fair Value, Recurring | Level I | Money market funds
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair Value	0	0
Available-for-sale securities | Fair Value, Recurring | Level II
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair Value	1,480,162,000	1,445,759,000
Available-for-sale securities | Fair Value, Recurring | Level II | Corporate bonds
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair Value	249,166,000	254,007,000
Available-for-sale securities | Fair Value, Recurring | Level II | U.S. treasury securities
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair Value	996,239,000	809,166,000
Available-for-sale securities | Fair Value, Recurring | Level II | U.S. government agency securities
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair Value	83,759,000	25,252,000
Available-for-sale securities | Fair Value, Recurring | Level II | Commercial paper
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair Value	150,998,000	357,334,000
Restricted Cash (Current and Non-Current) | Fair Value, Recurring
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	3,497,000	11,026,000
Restricted Cash (Current and Non-Current) | Fair Value, Recurring | Cash
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair Value	3,497,000	10,555,000
Restricted Cash (Current and Non-Current) | Fair Value, Recurring | Level I | Money market funds
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair Value	0	471,000
Restricted Cash (Current and Non-Current) | Fair Value, Recurring | Level II
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair Value	0	0
Restricted Cash (Current and Non-Current) | Fair Value, Recurring | Level II | Corporate bonds
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair Value	0	0
Restricted Cash (Current and Non-Current) | Fair Value, Recurring | Level II | U.S. treasury securities
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair Value	0	0
Restricted Cash (Current and Non-Current) | Fair Value, Recurring | Level II | U.S. government agency securities
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair Value	0	0
Restricted Cash (Current and Non-Current) | Fair Value, Recurring | Level II | Commercial paper
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Fair Value	$ 0	$ 0

Fair Value Measurements - Narra

Fair Value Measurements - Narratives (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Restricted cash	$ 3,500,000
Amortized cost of available-for-sale investments with maturities less than one year	1,247,600,000	$ 1,251,600,000
Amortized cost of available-for-sale investments with maturities greater than one year	236,700,000	205,900,000
Net loss on investments, net of tax	4,100,000	11,900,000
Convertible Debt | 2026 Notes
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Debt instrument, fair value	1,101,500,000
Money market funds
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Unrealized gain	0	0
Unrealized loss	$ 0	0
U.S. government agency securities
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]
Proceeds receivable from sale of securities		$ 37,500,000

Balance Sheet Components - Acco

Balance Sheet Components - Accounts Receivable, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 4.5		$ 4.5		$ 3.1
Provision for bad debt expense	3.5	$ 1.1	9.5	$ 3.1
Write-off of uncollectible accounts receivable	$ 4.4	$ 1.5	$ 8.1	$ 3.3

Balance Sheet Components - Prop

Balance Sheet Components - Property and Equipment, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Gross property and equipment	$ 565,154		$ 565,154		$ 465,501
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(255,339)		(255,339)		(178,901)
Total property and equipment, net	309,815		309,815		286,600
Depreciation and amortization expense	29,000	$ 21,900	83,200	$ 60,800
Servers—network infrastructure
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Gross property and equipment	315,712		315,712		239,828
Construction in progress
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Gross property and equipment	39,597		39,597		72,827
Capitalized internal-use software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Gross property and equipment	110,786		110,786		88,541
Office and computer equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Gross property and equipment	38,694		38,694		30,577
Office furniture
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Gross property and equipment	10,328		10,328		6,547
Software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Gross property and equipment	6,376		6,376		5,962
Depreciation and amortization expense	5,400	$ 5,100	16,100	$ 14,700
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Gross property and equipment	42,835		42,835		20,392
Asset retirement obligation
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Gross property and equipment	$ 826		$ 826		$ 827

Balance Sheet Components - Good

Balance Sheet Components - Goodwill (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Goodwill	$ 148,047		$ 148,047
Goodwill, impairment loss	$ 0	$ 0

Balance Sheet Components - Acqu

Balance Sheet Components - Acquired Intangible Assets, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 53,400		$ 53,400		$ 53,400
Accumulated Amortization	35,579		35,579		20,917
Net Book Value	17,821		17,821		32,483
Amortization of acquired intangible assets	4,900	$ 4,900	14,700	$ 10,300
Developed technology
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	40,100		40,100		40,100
Accumulated Amortization	32,129		32,129		19,191
Net Book Value	7,971		7,971		20,909
Trade name
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	1,700		1,700		1,700
Accumulated Amortization	1,275		1,275		638
Net Book Value	425		425		1,062
Customer relationships
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	11,600		11,600		11,600
Accumulated Amortization	2,175		2,175		1,088
Net Book Value	$ 9,425		$ 9,425		$ 10,512

Balance Sheet Components - Esti

Balance Sheet Components - Estimated Future Amortization Expense of Acquired Intangible Assets, Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
2023 (remaining three months)	$ 4,740
2024	5,468
2025	1,450
2026	1,450
2027	1,450
Thereafter	3,263
Net Book Value	$ 17,821	$ 32,483

Leases - Narratives (Details)

Leases - Narratives (Details) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Remaining lease term (up to)	7 years 9 months 18 days
Lease not yet commenced, undiscounted amount	$ 40.9
Lease not yet commenced, term of contract	3 years 6 months
Weighted average remaining lease term	4 years 10 months 24 days
Operating lease, weighted average discount rate, percent	4.50%
Co-location Asset Lease
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Remaining lease term (up to)	8 years 3 months 18 days

Leases - Schedule of Lease Cost

Leases - Schedule of Lease Costs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease cost	$ 10,974	$ 8,848	$ 32,899	$ 26,954
Total lease cost	$ 10,974	$ 8,848	$ 32,899	$ 26,954

Leases - Lease Liability Maturi

Leases - Lease Liability Maturities (Details) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
2023 (remaining six months)	$ 10,422
2024	37,234
2025	29,690
2026	25,906
2027	21,865
Thereafter	27,306
Total lease payments	152,423
Less: Imputed interest	(15,674)
Total operating lease liabilities	$ 136,749

Debt - 2026 Convertible Senior

Debt - 2026 Convertible Senior Notes (Details) - 2026 Notes - Convertible Debt	1 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2021 USD ($) day $ / shares
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt principal amount | $	$ 1,293,800,000
Interest rate	0%
Proceeds from convertible debt | $	$ 1,274,000,000
Convertible debt, conversion ratio	0.0052263
Last Reported Stock Price At Lease 130% Of The Debt Conversion Price
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Conversion requirement, threshold trading days (at least)	20
Conversion requirement, threshold consecutive trading days	30
Conversion requirement, threshold percentage of stock price trigger (at least)	130%
Principal Amount Less Than 98% of the Product
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Conversion requirement, threshold trading days (at least)	5
Conversion requirement, threshold consecutive trading days	5
Conversion requirement, threshold percentage of stock price trigger (at least)	98%
Capped Calls | Long | Class A common stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Strike price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 191.34

Debt - 2026 Capped Call Transac

Debt - 2026 Capped Call Transactions (Details) - 2026 Notes - Convertible Debt $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	1 Months Ended
	Aug. 31, 2021 USD ($) $ / shares
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Purchases of capped calls related to convertible senior notes | $	$ 86.3
Capped Calls | Long | Class A common stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Strike price (in dollars per share)	$ 191.34
Capped call, initial cap price (in dollars per share)	$ 250.94

Debt - 2025 Convertible Senior

Debt - 2025 Convertible Senior Notes (Details)	1 Months Ended		3 Months Ended			9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020 $ / shares	May 31, 2020 USD ($) $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) shares	Jun. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) shares
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Loss on extinguishment of debt			$ 0		$ 0	$ 50,300,000	$ 0
2025 Notes | Convertible Debt
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt principal amount		$ 575,000,000
Interest rate		0.75%
Principal			0			0		$ 158,429,000
Repurchased face amount				$ 123,000,000					$ 400,000,000
Repayments of convertible debt				172,700,000					400,700,000
Debt conversion, converted instrument, amount									1,321,000,000
Loss on extinguishment of debt				50,300,000					72,200,000
Debt instrument, fair value									355,300,000
Carrying amount, net			0			$ 0		156,790,000	$ 283,100,000
Effective interest rate									4.08%
Equity component of convertible debt									$ 965,700,000
Interest payable				500,000
Deferred debt issuance cost, write-off				$ 1,100,000
Convertible debt, conversion ratio		0.0267187
2025 Notes | Convertible Debt | Certain Holders Conversion
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt conversion, converted instrument, amount			$ 35,400,000					$ 16,600,000
Convertible debt, conversion ratio		0.0285913
2025 Notes | Convertible Debt | Class A common stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Number of shares issued upon debt conversion (in shares) | shares			500,000					300,000	7,600,000
Debt conversion converted instrument additional shares initial conversion (in shares) | shares			1.8726
2025 Notes | Convertible Debt | Class A common stock | Capped Calls | Long
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Strike price (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 37.43	$ 37.43

Debt - 2025 Capped Call Transac

Debt - 2025 Capped Call Transactions (Details) - 2025 Notes - Convertible Debt - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	1 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020	May 31, 2020
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Purchases of capped calls related to convertible senior notes	$ 67.3
Capped Calls | Long | Class A common stock
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Strike price (in dollars per share)	$ 37.43	$ 37.43
Capped call, initial cap price (in dollars per share)	$ 57.58

Debt - Schedule of Net Carrying

Debt - Schedule of Net Carrying Amount of Notes (Details) - Convertible Debt - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
2026 Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal	$ 1,293,750,000	$ 1,293,750,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(11,378,000)	(14,348,000)
Carrying amount, net	1,282,372,000	1,279,402,000
2025 Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal	0	158,429,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs	0	(1,639,000)
Carrying amount, net	$ 0	$ 156,790,000	$ 283,100,000

Debt - Schedule of Interest Com

Debt - Schedule of Interest Components (Details) - Convertible Debt - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
2026 Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Coupon interest expense	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Amortization of debt issuance costs	989	990	2,970	2,969
Total	989	990	2,970	2,969
2025 Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Coupon interest expense	12	297	477	904
Amortization of debt issuance costs	70	175	559	528
Total	$ 82	$ 472	$ 1,036	$ 1,432

Commitments and Contingencies -

Commitments and Contingencies - Narratives (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Cost and expenses related to bandwidth and other co-location commitments	$ 34	$ 30.8	$ 104.7	$ 84.5

Commitments and Contingencies_2

Commitments and Contingencies - Schedule of Purchase Commitments (Details) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Open purchase agreements
Total	$ 83,895
2023 (remaining three months)	7,468
2024	22,386
2025	42,093
2026	5,476
2027	2,495
Thereafter	3,977
Bandwidth and other co-location related commitments
Total	110,093
2023 (remaining three months)	12,769
2024	42,272
2025	23,221
2026	14,960
2027	11,555
Thereafter	5,316
Total
Total	193,988
2023 (remaining three months)	20,237
2024	64,658
2025	65,314
2026	20,436
2027	14,050
Thereafter	$ 9,293

Common Stock - Narratives (Deta

Common Stock - Narratives (Details)	Sep. 30, 2023 vote $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2022 $ / shares shares
Class A common stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, number of votes per share | vote	1
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	2,250,000,000	2,250,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	295,639,262	286,560,947
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	295,639,262	286,560,947
Class B common stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, number of votes per share | vote	10
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	315,000,000	315,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	40,026,686	43,524,514
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	40,026,686	43,524,514

Common Stock - Schedule of Comm

Common Stock - Schedule of Common Stock Reserved for Future Issuance (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares of common stock reserved (in shares)	106,144	97,579
Equity Incentive Plan, 2019
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares of common stock reserved (in shares)	57,863	44,693
Stock options issued and outstanding
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares of common stock reserved (in shares)	13,248	15,886
Outstanding and unsettled RSUs
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares of common stock reserved (in shares)	10,680	10,196
Shares available for issuance under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP)
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares of common stock reserved (in shares)	14,042	10,990
Convertible Debt | 2025 Notes
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares of common stock reserved (in shares)	0	5,503
Convertible Debt | 2026 Notes
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares of common stock reserved (in shares)	10,311	10,311

Stock-based Compensation - Narr

Stock-based Compensation - Narrative (Details)				1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	May 01, 2023 USD ($) tranche	Apr. 01, 2022 USD ($) shares	Feb. 14, 2022 shares	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($) shares	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) shares	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($) shares	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) shares	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation | $					$ 76,127,000	$ 55,169,000	$ 205,662,000	$ 146,823,000
Stock-based compensation expense | $					$ 73,772,000	53,765,000	$ 199,565,000	142,545,000
2019 Equity Incentive Plan | Class A common stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares authorized for issuance (in shares) | shares					66,661,953		66,661,953
Number of new shares authorized for issuance (in shares) | shares					29,335,000		29,335,000
Number of additional shares authorized for issuance (in shares) | shares					37,326,953		37,326,953
2019 Equity Incentive Plan | Class A and Class B Common Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Potential increase in number of shares authorized, as a percentage of total common stock outstanding							5%
Stock options issued and outstanding
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period							4 years
Expiration period							10 years
Options unrecognized stock-based compensation expense | $					$ 5,900,000		$ 5,900,000
Weighted-average remaining vesting period							1 year 6 months
Repurchase period							6 months
Liability for early exercise of stock options | $					100,000		$ 100,000		$ 1,900,000
Number of unvested shares expected to be repurchased (in shares) | shares							48,752		899,691
Stock options issued and outstanding | Area 1 Security, Inc
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period		3 years
Stock-based compensation expense | $		$ 1,400,000			$ 0		$ 0
Stock options issued and outstanding | Class A common stock | Area 1 Security, Inc
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares available for issuance (in shares) | shares		156,770
Stock options issued and outstanding | 2010 Equity Incentive Plan | Common stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Exercise price of common stock, percentage of fair market value							100%
Stock options issued and outstanding | 2010 Equity Incentive Plan | Class A common stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Exercise stock option awards (in shares) | shares					1		1
Stock options issued and outstanding | 2010 Equity Incentive Plan | Class B common stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Exercise stock option awards (in shares) | shares					1		1
Stock options issued and outstanding | 2019 Equity Incentive Plan | Class A common stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Exercise stock option awards (in shares) | shares					1		1
Stock options issued and outstanding | 2010 Plan And 2019 Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Options unrecognized stock-based compensation expense | $					$ 212,700,000		$ 212,700,000
Weighted-average remaining vesting period							4 years 4 months 24 days
Other Performance Awards
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Options unrecognized stock-based compensation expense | $					202,400,000		$ 202,400,000
Weighted-average remaining vesting period							4 years 7 months 6 days
Stock-based compensation expense | $					12,800,000	14,200,000	$ 27,100,000	26,800,000
Other Performance Awards | Executive Officer
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expiration period			10 years						10 years
Other Performance Awards | Other Key Employees
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expiration period			10 years						10 years
Other Performance Awards | Class A common stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares authorized for issuance (in shares) | shares			5,575,000
Expiration period			10 years
Number of separate tranches | tranche	9
Stock-based compensation | $	$ 25,800,000
Other Performance Awards | Class A common stock | Other Key Employees
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Granted (in shares) | shares							960,000
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period							4 years
Weighted-average remaining vesting period							2 years 10 months 24 days
Stock-based compensation expense | $					57,400,000	$ 33,700,000	$ 156,800,000	$ 95,600,000
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense | $					601,300,000		$ 601,300,000
Shares issuable pursuant to the ESPP | 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Weighted-average remaining vesting period							1 month 6 days
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense | $					$ 1,100,000		$ 1,100,000
Maximum ownership percentage threshold for participation				5%
Maximum contribution percentage per employee				10%
Shares issuable pursuant to the ESPP | 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan | Class A common stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of additional shares allowable under the plan (in shares) | shares				5,870,000
Purchase price of common stock, percentage of fair value				85%
Offering period				6 months
Purchase period				6 months
Shares purchase period							1 year
Maximum number of shares available for repurchase for each employee (more than, in shares) | shares				1,500
Maximum value of shares available for repurchase for each employee | $				$ 25,000
Number of shares repurchased (in shares) | shares					248,738	153,974	248,738	153,974
Shares issuable pursuant to the ESPP | 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan | Class A and Class B Common Stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Potential increase in number of share authorized, as a percentage of total common stock outstanding				1%

Stock-based Compensation - Sche

Stock-based Compensation - Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 73,772	$ 53,765	$ 199,565	$ 142,545
Cost of revenue
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	2,272	2,046	6,002	5,012
Sales and marketing
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	20,160	11,266	54,994	32,401
Research and development
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	34,556	28,984	96,944	74,472
General and administrative
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation expense	$ 16,784	$ 11,469	$ 41,625	$ 30,660

Net Loss per Share Attributab_3

Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders - Schedule of Computation of Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Earnings Per Share, Basic, by Common Class, Including Two Class Method [Line Items]
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$ (23,535)	$ (42,546)	$ (156,084)	$ (147,464)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic (in shares)	334,666	326,590	332,600	325,457
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, diluted (in shares)	334,666	326,590	332,600	325,457
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic (in dollars per share)	$ (0.07)	$ (0.13)	$ (0.47)	$ (0.45)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.07)	$ (0.13)	$ (0.47)	$ (0.45)
Class A | Common stock
Earnings Per Share, Basic, by Common Class, Including Two Class Method [Line Items]
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$ (20,671)	$ (36,934)	$ (136,584)	$ (127,825)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic (in shares)	293,940	283,509	291,047	282,114
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, diluted (in shares)	293,940	283,509	291,047	282,114
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic (in dollars per share)	$ (0.07)	$ (0.13)	$ (0.47)	$ (0.45)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.07)	$ (0.13)	$ (0.47)	$ (0.45)
Class B | Common stock
Earnings Per Share, Basic, by Common Class, Including Two Class Method [Line Items]
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$ (2,864)	$ (5,612)	$ (19,500)	$ (19,639)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic (in shares)	40,726	43,081	41,553	43,343
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, diluted (in shares)	40,726	43,081	41,553	43,343
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic (in dollars per share)	$ (0.07)	$ (0.13)	$ (0.47)	$ (0.45)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.07)	$ (0.13)	$ (0.47)	$ (0.45)

Net Loss per Share Attributab_4

Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders - Schedule of Potential Shares of Common Stock Excluded from Computation of Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders (Details) - shares shares in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potential shares of common stock excluded from computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders (in shares)	31,016	36,666
2025 Notes
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potential shares of common stock excluded from computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders (in shares)	0	4,233
2026 Notes
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potential shares of common stock excluded from computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders (in shares)	6,762	6,761
Shares subject to repurchase
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potential shares of common stock excluded from computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders (in shares)	49	1,171
Unexercised stock options
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potential shares of common stock excluded from computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders (in shares)	13,248	16,635
Unvested restricted stock and RSUs
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potential shares of common stock excluded from computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders (in shares)	10,733	7,682
Shares issuable pursuant to the ESPP
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potential shares of common stock excluded from computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders (in shares)	224	184

Income Taxes (Details)

Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Provision for Income tax expense	$ 1,254	$ 1,372	$ 4,033	$ 1,576

Business Combinations - Narrati

Business Combinations - Narratives (Details) - USD ($)				3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Apr. 01, 2022	Jan. 14, 2022	Oct. 15, 2021	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Jan. 01, 2022
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash paid for acquisitions						$ 0	$ 88,187,000
Stock-based compensation expense				$ 73,772,000	$ 53,765,000	199,565,000	$ 142,545,000
Area 1 Security, Inc
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Consideration transferred	$ 156,600,000
Cash paid for acquisitions	82,600,000
Cash acquired	2,500,000
Value of shares issued	63,500,000
Payments to settle acquiree's outstanding debt	4,100,000
Goodwill expected to be tax deductible										$ 0
Goodwill purchase accounting adjustments								$ 0
Purchase accounting adjustment								0
Area 1 Security, Inc | Scenario One
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash holdback	$ 9,300,000
Contingent consideration, liability, period	12 months
Area 1 Security, Inc | Scenario Two
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash holdback	$ 1,100,000
Area 1 Security, Inc | Stock options issued and outstanding
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Compensation arrangements value	15,900,000
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 1,400,000			$ 0		$ 0
Vectrix, Inc.
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Consideration transferred		$ 7,600,000
Cash paid for acquisitions		4,300,000
Cash acquired		800,000
Value of shares issued		$ 2,000,000
Contingent consideration, liability, period		18 months
Payments to settle acquiree's outstanding debt		$ 2,000,000
Compensation arrangements value		8,000,000
Goodwill purchase accounting adjustments								0
Purchase accounting adjustment								0
Consideration held back		1,300,000
Compensation arrangement with individual, compensation expense		$ 2,600,000
Vectrix, Inc. | Developed technology
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Estimated useful life of acquired developed technology		2 years
Zaraz
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Consideration transferred			$ 7,200,000
Cash paid for acquisitions			5,600,000
Cash acquired			800,000
Value of shares issued			1,600,000
Payments to settle acquiree's outstanding debt			1,100,000
Compensation arrangements value			$ 6,500,000
Goodwill purchase accounting adjustments								0
Purchase accounting adjustment								$ 0
Compensation arrangement with individual, compensation expense									$ 500,000
Zaraz | Developed technology
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Estimated useful life of acquired developed technology			2 years

Business Combinations - Schedul

Business Combinations - Schedule of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Apr. 01, 2022	Jan. 14, 2022	Oct. 15, 2021
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill	$ 148,047	$ 148,047
Area 1 Security, Inc
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Accounts receivable, net			$ 1,634
Prepaids and other current assets			953
Goodwill			119,743
Total assets acquired			165,630
Accounts Payable			(254)
Accrued expense and other current liabilities			(595)
Deferred revenue			(5,736)
Deferred revenue, noncurrent			(1,213)
Other noncurrent liabilities			(1,267)
Total purchase price			156,565
Area 1 Security, Inc | Developed technology
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Acquired Intangible Assets			$ 43,300
Vectrix, Inc.
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill				$ 4,962
Total assets acquired				8,062
Accounts Payable				(20)
Other noncurrent liabilities				(430)
Total purchase price				7,612
Vectrix, Inc. | Developed technology
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Developed technology				$ 3,100
Zaraz
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill					$ 6,176
Total assets acquired					7,576
Other noncurrent liabilities					(322)
Accrued compensation					(82)
Total purchase price					7,172
Zaraz | Developed technology
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Developed technology					$ 1,400

Segment and Geographic Inform_3

Segment and Geographic Information - Narratives (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 segment
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of operating segments	1

Segment and Geographic Inform_4

Segment and Geographic Information - Schedule of Property and Equipment, Net by Geographic Area (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Property and equipment, net	$ 309,815	$ 286,600
United States
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Property and equipment, net	192,194	184,753
Rest of the world
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Property and equipment, net	$ 117,621	$ 101,847

Uncategorized Items - cloud-202

Label	Element	Value
Accounting Standards Update [Extensible Enumeration]	us-gaap_AccountingStandardsUpdateExtensibleList	Accounting Standards Update 2016-02 [Member]