Common Stock and Stockholders' Equity | Note 11. Common Stock and Stockholders’ Equity Capitalization On January 24, 2017, Teladoc closed on its Follow-On Offering in which the Company issued and sold 7,887,500 shares of common stock, including the exercise of an underwriter option to purchase additional shares, at an issuance price of $16.75 per share. The Company received net proceeds of $123.9 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of $7.6 million as well as other offering expenses of $0.6 million. Warrants In July 2016, in conjunction with the debt refinancing of the Mezzanine Term Loan, the Company issued 798,694 common stock warrants to purchase an aggregate of 798,694 shares of its common stock at an exercise price of $13.50 per share to two entities affiliated with SVB. The common stock warrants were immediately exercisable upon issuance and had a 10-year term. The fair value of the common stock warrants on the date of issue was approximately $7.7 million. On December 9, 2016, the Company issued an aggregate of 107,931 shares of common stock resulting from an SVB affiliate’s cashless exercise of 399,347 of these warrants at an exercise price of $13.50 per share. On January 31, 2017, the Company issued an aggregate of 138,903 shares of common stock resulting from an SVB affiliate’s cashless exercise of the remaining 399,347 of these warrants at an exercise price of $13.50 per share. The Company had no warrants outstanding as of June 30, 2017 and 399,347 warrants outstanding as of December 31, 2016. Stock Plan and Stock Options The Company’s 2015 Incentive Award Plan (the “Plan”) provides for the issuance of incentive and non-statutory options and other equity-based awards to its employees and non‑employees. Options issued under the Plan are exercisable for periods not to exceed ten years, and vest and contain such other terms and conditions as specified in the applicable award document. Prior to becoming a public enterprise, pursuant to the Company’s Second Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan which is now retired, the Company historically issued incentive and non-statutory stock options with exercise prices equal to the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant, as determined by the Company’s board of directors informed by third-party valuations. Subsequent to becoming a public enterprise, options to buy common stock have been issued under the Plan, with exercise prices equal to the closing price of shares of the Company’s common stock on the New York Stock Exchange on the trading day immediately preceding the date of award. Activity under the Plan is as follows (in thousands, except share and per share amounts and years): Weighted- Weighted- Average Shares Number of Average Remaining Aggregate Available Shares Exercise Contractual Intrinsic for Grant Outstanding Price Life in Years Value Balance at December 31, 2016 343,216 6,839,868 $ 11.70 8.64 $ 36,795 Increase in Plan authorized shares 3,676,722 — $ — — $ — Restricted Stock Units granted (144,618) — $ — — $ — Stock option grants (2,979,721) 2,979,721 $ 22.52 — $ — Stock options exercised — (479,339) $ 9.01 — $ 8,810 Stock options forfeited 519,361 (519,361) $ 16.25 — $ 3,377 Balance at June 30, 2017 1,414,960 8,820,889 $ 15.24 8.65 $ 171,676 Vested or expected to vest June 30, 2017 8,820,889 $ 15.24 8.65 $ 171,676 Exercisable as of June 30, 2017 2,166,249 $ 8.13 7.33 $ 57,552 The total grant‑date fair value of stock options granted during the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2017 were $6.4 million and $36.3 million, respectively. Stock‑Based Compensation All stock‑based awards to employees are measured based on the grant‑date fair value of the awards and are generally recognized in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations over the period during which the employee is required to perform services in exchange for the award (generally requiring a four‑year vesting period for each award). The Company estimates the fair value of stock options granted using the Black‑Scholes option‑pricing model. Compensation cost is generally recognized over the vesting period of the applicable award using the straight‑line method. Given the absence of a public trading market prior to July 2015, the Company’s board of directors considered numerous objective and subjective factors to determine the fair value of its common stock at each grant date. These factors included, but were not limited to, (i) contemporaneous valuations of common stock performed by unrelated third‑party specialists; (ii) the prices for the preferred stock sold to outside investors; (iii) the rights, preferences and privileges of the preferred stock relative to the common stock; (iv) the lack of marketability of the common stock; (v) developments in the business; and (vi) the likelihood of achieving a liquidity event, such as an IPO or a merger or acquisition of the Company, given prevailing market conditions. The assumptions used in the Black‑Scholes option‑pricing model were determined as follows: Volatility. Since the Company does not have a trading history prior to July 2015 for its common stock, the expected volatility was derived from the historical stock volatilities of several unrelated public companies within its industry that it considers to be comparable to its business combined with the Company’s stock volatility over a period equivalent to the expected term of the stock option grants. Risk‑Free Interest Rate. The risk‑free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury zero‑coupon issues with terms similar to the expected term on the options. Expected Term. The expected term represents the period that the stock‑based awards are expected to be outstanding. When establishing the expected term assumption, the Company utilized historical data. Dividend Yield. The Company has never declared or paid any cash dividends and does not plan to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future, and therefore, it used an expected dividend yield of zero. Forfeiture rate. Prior to 2017, the Company used historical data to estimate pre‑ vesting option forfeitures and record stock‑based compensation expense only for those awards that are expected to vest. On January 1, 2017, the Company adopted ASU 2016-09 and elected to account for stock option forfeitures as they occur which resulted in a cumulative effect adjustment of $69,071 recorded to accumulated deficit and additional paid-in capital. The fair value of each option grant was estimated on the date of grant using the Black‑Scholes option‑pricing model with the following assumptions and fair value per share: Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 2016 Volatility 45.8% – 47.7% 44.7% – 46.0% Expected life (in years) 6.1 6.0 Risk-free interest rate 1.81% - 2.30% 1.24% - 1.91% Dividend yield – – Weighted-average fair value of underlying common stock $ 22.52 $ 5.71 For the quarter ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company recorded compensation expense related to stock options granted of $4.3 million and $1.6 million, respectively, and $7.2 million and $2.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. As of June 30, 2017, the Company had $54.7 million in unrecognized compensation cost related to non‑vested stock options, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted‑average period of approximately 3.3 years. Restricted Stock Units In May 2017, the Company commenced issuing Restricted Stock Units (“RSU’s”) to certain employees and Board members under the 2017 Employment Inducement Incentive Award Plan. The fair value of the RSU’s is determined on the date of grant. On a monthly basis, the Company will record compensation expense in the income statement on a straight-line basis over the vesting period and will also record a corresponding credit to unearned compensation. The vesting period for employees and members of the Board of Directors is four years and one year, respectively. Activity under the RSU’s is as follows (in thousands, except share and per share amounts and years): Weighted-Average Grant Date Shares Fair Value Per Share Outstanding at beginning of period — $ — Granted 144,618 $ 30.63 Outstanding at June 30, 2017 144,618 $ 30.63 Vested and deferred at June 30, 2017 — $ — Non-vested at June 30, 2017 144,618 $ 30.63 The total grant‑date fair value of RSU’s granted during the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2017 was $4.4 million. For both of the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company recorded stock based compensation expense related to the RSU’s of $0.1 million. There was no charge for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2016. Employee Stock Purchase Plan In July 2015, the Company adopted the 2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, or ESPP, in connection with its initial public offering. A total of 458,024 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance under this plan. The Company’s ESPP permits eligible employees to purchase common stock at a discount through payroll deductions during defined offering periods. Under the ESPP, the Company may specify offerings with durations of not more than 27 months, and may specify shorter purchase periods within each offering. Each offering will have one or more purchase dates on which shares of its common stock will be purchased for employees participating in the offering. An offering may be terminated under certain circumstances. The price at which the stock is purchased is equal to the lower of 85% of the fair market value of the common stock at the beginning of an offering period or on the date of purchase. On May 8, 2017, the Company issued 90,968 shares under the ESPP and the Company had not issued any shares under the ESPP as of December 31, 2016. 367,056 shares remained available for issuance as of June 30, 2017. For the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense related to the ESPP of $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively, based on offerings made under the plan to-date, and there was no charge for the quarter and six months ended June 30, 2016. Total compensation costs charged as an expense for stock‑based awards, including stock options, RSU’s and ESPP, recognized in the components of operating expenses are as follows (in thousands): Quarters Ended Six Months Ended June 30, June 30, 2017 2016 2017 2016 Administrative and marketing $ 280 $ 115 $ 483 $ 217 Sales 847 228 1,601 438 Technology and development 747 266 1,196 475 General and administrative 2,691 1,025 4,382 1,792 Total stock-based compensation expense $ 4,565 $ 1,634 $ 7,662 $ 2,922 |