Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Significant accounting policies are described in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 15 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 . There have been no changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 , except as described below. Use of Estimates The preparation of Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. Such management estimates include revenue recognition, deferred revenue, accruals, stock-based compensation, the fair value of a derivative liability, and the valuation of deferred tax assets. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on assumptions that it believes are reasonable, however, actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. Revenue Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606) using the full retrospective transition method. The Company evaluated its prior contractual revenue arrangement with Precision Dermatology, Inc., which was acquired by Valeant Pharmaceuticals International Inc., or Valeant, in 2014. After Valeant notified the Company that it intended to terminate the asset purchase and royalty agreement in 2015, the Company continued to receive royalties of $75,000 each quarter until November 2017 when the Company and Valeant entered into an Asset Transfer Agreement to finalize the termination of the asset purchase and royalty agreement and Valeant returned the Relastin® intellectual property rights to the Company. Based on its evaluation, the Company determined that the new guidance had no impact to the revenue recognized prior to January 1, 2018 and, accordingly, had no impact on the accumulated deficit as of January 1, 2018. The Company elected to use certain practical expedients permitted for the adoption of ASC 606 (Note 3). The adoption had no impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or liquidity. This standard applies to all contracts with customers, except for contracts that are within the scope of other standards, such as leases, insurance, collaboration arrangements and financial instruments. Under ASC 606, the Company recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that the Company determines are within the scope of ASC 606, the Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. The Company only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that Company will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer. At contract inception, once the contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC 606, the Company assesses the goods or services promised within each contract and determines those that are performance obligations and assesses whether each promised good or service is distinct. The Company then recognizes as revenue the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied. Licenses of intellectual property If the license to the Company’s intellectual property is determined to be distinct from the other performance obligations identified in the arrangement, the Company recognizes revenue from non-refundable, up-front fees allocated to the license when the license is transferred to the customer and the customer is able to use and benefit from the license. For licenses that are determined to not represent distinct performance obligations, the Company utilizes judgment to assess the nature of the combined performance obligation to determine whether the combined performance obligation is satisfied over time or at a point in time and, if over time, the appropriate method of measuring proportional performance for purposes of recognizing revenue from non-refundable, up-front fees. The Company evaluates the measure of proportional performance each reporting period and, if necessary, adjusts the measure of performance and related revenue recognition. Milestone payments At the inception of each arrangement that includes development, regulatory or commercial milestone payments, the Company evaluates whether the milestones are considered probable of being reached and estimates the amount to be included in the transaction price. ASC 606 suggests two alternatives to use when estimating the amount of variable consideration: the expected value method and the most likely amount method. Under the expected value method, an entity considers the sum of probability-weighted amounts in a range of possible consideration amounts. Under the most likely amount method, an entity considers the single most likely amount in a range of possible consideration amounts. Whichever method is used should be consistently applied throughout the life of the contract; however, it is not necessary for the Company to use the same approach for all contracts. If it is probable that a significant revenue reversal would not occur, the associated milestone value is included in the transaction price. Milestone payments that are not within the control of the Company or the licensee, such as regulatory approvals, are not considered probable of being achieved until those approvals are received. The transaction price is then allocated to each performance obligation (as determined to be appropriate) on a relative stand-alone selling price basis. The Company recognizes revenue as or when the performance obligations under the contract are satisfied. At the end of each subsequent reporting period, the Company re-evaluates the probability or achievement of each such milestone and any related constraint, and if necessary, adjusts its estimates of the overall transaction price. Any such adjustments are recorded on a cumulative catch-up basis, which would affect revenues and earnings in the period of adjustment. Royalties For arrangements that include sales-based royalties, including milestone payments based on the level of sales, and the license is deemed to be the predominant item to which the royalties relate, the Company recognizes revenue at the later of (i) when the related sales occur, or (ii) when the performance obligation to which some or all of the royalty has been allocated has been satisfied (or partially satisfied). Up-front payments and fees are recorded as deferred revenue upon receipt or when due, and may require deferral of revenue recognition to a future period until the Company performs its obligations under these arrangements. Amounts payable to the Company are recorded as accounts receivable when the Company’s right to consideration is unconditional. As a practical expedient, the Company does not assess whether a contract has a significant financing component if the expectation at contract inception is such that the period between payment by the customer and the transfer of the promised goods or services to the customer will be one year or less. Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders The Company’s basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is calculated by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period, which includes vested restricted stock awards. The diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by giving effect to all potential dilutive common stock equivalents outstanding for the period. The diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders also includes vested restricted stock awards and, if the effect is not anti-dilutive, unvested restricted stock awards. For purposes of this calculation, options to purchase common stock, unvested restricted stock, and common stock warrants are considered common stock equivalents. The following common stock equivalents were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share for the periods presented because including them would have been antidilutive: As of September 30. 2018 2017 Outstanding common stock options 3,491,751 3,381,927 Outstanding common stock warrants 34,113 41,595 Unvested restricted stock awards 679,541 640,931 Shares expected to be purchased on December 31 under the 2014 ESPP 16,712 14,778 Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting, to expand the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from non-employees. Under ASU 2018-07, equity-classified share-based payment awards to non-employees are measured at fair value on the grant date and the probability of satisfying performance conditions must be considered for equity-classified non-employee share-based payment awards with such conditions. ASU 2018-07 does not specify the period(s) or manner of expense recognition for share-based payment awards to non-employees other than to require that recognition occur in the same period(s) and in the same manner as if the grantor had paid cash for the goods or services. ASU 2018-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company early adopted ASU 2018-07 as of July 1, 2018, and remeasured all outstanding equity-classified non-employee share-based payment awards at fair value as of the adoption date, and also recognized a cumulative-effect increase to the Company's opening 2018 accumulated deficit balance of less than $0.1 million in connection with the adoption and remeasurement. In March 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-05, Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 . This standard amends Accounting Standards Codification 740, Income Taxes (ASC 740) to provide guidance on accounting for the tax effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the Tax Reform Act) pursuant to Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, which allows companies to complete the accounting under ASC 740 within a one-year measurement period from the Tax Act enactment date. This standard is effective upon issuance. The Company continues to assess the accounting impact resulting from the Tax Reform Act. The Company has substantially completed the accounting assessment with regard to the tax effects associated with an intra-entity transfer of certain intellectual property rights with the enactment of Tax Reform Act, this resulted in an increase in net operating loss of $39.6 million and increased the SAB 118 estimated impact from the Tax Reform Act by $5.2 million to deferred taxes. In all aspects, the Company will continue to make and refine calculations as additional analysis is completed. As of September 30, 2018, the Company performed additional analysis and estimated re-measurement of certain deferred taxes to be $68.1 million which continues to be fully offset by a valuation allowance. The Company has substantially completed its assessment, except for the impact related to deferred taxes, and expects to complete the accounting assessment during the one-year measurement period provided by SAB 118. In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Scope of Modification Accounting (Topic 718) , which amends the scope of modification accounting for share-based payment arrangements. The amendment provides guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting. ASU 2017-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this standard on January 1, 2018 did not impact the Company's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, Income Taxes - Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory , which requires entities to recognize income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs. The amendments in ASU 2016-16 are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods and requires a modified retrospective method of adoption. As of January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU 2016-16 and determined this standard did not have a financial statement impact on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements as the Company has a full valuation allowance. In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers , which sets forth a single, comprehensive revenue recognition model for all contracts with customers to improve comparability. Subsequently, the FASB issued several standards related to ASU 2014-09 (collectively, the “New Revenue Standard”), including the most recent ASU, ASU 2017-14, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220), and Revenue Recognition (Topic 605), Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which was issued in November 2017. The New Revenue Standard requires revenue recognition to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, the New Revenue Standard requires expanded disclosures. This New Revenue Standard permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method when adopted. As of January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the New Revenue Standard on a retrospective basis and determined there was no material impact to the Company's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurements (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement . ASU 2018-13 modifies the disclosure requirements for fair value measurements in Topic 820 based on the objectives of the FASB Concepts Statement, Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting - Chapter 8: Notes to Financial Statements which aims to improve the effectiveness of notes to financial statements while allowing for the appropriate exercise of discretion by reporting entities based on materiality. The main provisions of ASU 2018-13 include the removal or modification of certain non-essential disclosure requirements and the addition of new disclosure requirements for public companies related to the changes in unrealized gains and losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements held at the end of the reporting period, and the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements. ASU 2018-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of the new standard to have a material impact on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-10, Leases (Topic 842), Codification Improvements and ASU 2018-11 Leases (Topic 842), Targeted Improvements , to provide additional guidance for the adoption of Topic 842 . ASU 2018-10 clarifies certain provisions and correct unintended applications of the guidance such as the application of implicit rate, lessee reassessment of lease classification, and certain transition adjustments that should be recognized to earnings rather than to stockholders' equity. ASU 2018-11 provides an alternative transition method and practical expedient for separating contract components for the adoption of Topic 842 . In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02 Leases (Topic 842) which requires an entity to recognize assets and liabilities arising from a lease for both financing and operating leases with terms greater than 12 months. ASU 2018-11, ASU 2018-10, and ASU 2016-02 (collectively, "the new lease standards") are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect the new lease standards will have on its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements; however, the Company anticipates recognizing assets and liabilities arising from any leases that meet the requirements under the new lease standards on the adoption date and including qualitative and quantitative disclosures in the Company’s Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-09, Codification Improvements. The amendments in ASU 2018-09 affect a wide variety of Topics in the FASB Codification and apply to all reporting entities within the scope of the affected accounting guidance. The Company has evaluated ASU 2018-09 in its entirety and determined that the amendments related to Topic 718-740, Compensation-Stock Compensation-Income Taxes, are the only provisions that currently apply to the Company. The amendments in ASU 2018-09 related to Topic 718-740, Compensation-Stock Compensation-Income Taxes, clarify that an entity should recognize excess tax benefits related to stock compensation transactions in the period in which the amount of the deduction is determined. The amendments in ASU 2018-09 related to Topic 718-740 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of the new standard to have a material impact on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income , to address specific consequences of the Tax Reform Act. The update allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Reform Act. ASU 2018-02 is effective January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted, and is to be applied either in the period of adoption or retrospectively to each period in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate in the Tax Reform Act is recognized. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new standard on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. |