Equity | Equity 2014 Equity Incentive Plan On January 1, 2015, the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the Company’s 2014 Equity Incentive Plan, or 2014 EIP, automatically increased by 4% of the total number of shares of the Company’s capital stock outstanding on December 31, 2014, or 950,978 shares. During the six months ended June 30, 2015 , the Company granted stock options for 663,038 shares of common stock and 149,486 restricted stock awards under the 2014 EIP, including a stock option grants for 90,000 shares to non-employee directors. As of June 30, 2015 , there were 333,185 shares available for issuance under the 2014 EIP. 2014 Inducement Plan As of June 30, 2015, there were 141,500 shares available for issuance under the 2014 Inducement Plan, or 2014 IN. The fair value of the employee stock options under the 2014 EIP and 2014 IN was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions: Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended 2015 2014 2015 2014 Expected term (in years) 5.7 6.0 6.2 5.8 Expected volatility 59.3 % 57.6 % 64.8 % 55.8 % Risk-free interest rate 1.8 % 1.9 % 1.5 % 1.8 % Expected dividend rate — % — % — % — % Fair Value of Common Stock . The fair value of the shares of common stock is based on the Company's stock price as quoted by the NASDAQ. Prior to the IPO, the fair value of the shares of common stock underlying the stock options had historically been determined by the Board of Directors. Because there was no public market for the Company’s common stock, the Board of Directors had determined fair value of the common stock at the time of grant of the option by considering a number of objective and subjective factors including valuation of comparable companies, sales of convertible preferred stock to unrelated third parties, operating and financial performance, the lack of liquidity of capital stock, and general and industry specific economic outlook, amongst other factors. Expected Term . The expected term for employees and directors is based on the simplified method, as the Company’s stock options have the following characteristics: (i) granted at-the-money; (ii) exercisability is conditioned upon service through the vesting date; (iii) termination of service prior to vesting results in forfeiture; (iv) limited exercise period following termination of service; and (v) options are non-transferable and non-hedgeable, or “plain vanilla” options, and the Company has limited history of exercise data. The expected term for non-employees is based on the remaining contractual term. Expected Volatility . Since the Company was a private entity until February 2014 with no historical data regarding the volatility of its common stock, the expected volatility used is based on volatility of a group of similar entities. In evaluating similarity, the Company considered factors such as industry, stage of life cycle, capital structure, and size. The Company will continue to analyze the historical stock price volatility and expected term assumptions as more historical data for the Company’s common stock becomes available. Risk-Free Interest Rate . The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury constant maturity rates with remaining terms similar to the expected term of the options. Expected Dividend Rate . The Company has never paid any dividends and does not plan to pay dividends in the foreseeable future, and, therefore, used an expected dividend rate of zero in the valuation model. Forfeitures. The Company is required to estimate forfeitures at the time of grant, and revise those estimates in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. The Company uses historical data to estimate pre-vesting option forfeitures and record stock based compensation expense only for those awards that are expected to vest. To the extent actual forfeitures differ from the estimates, the difference will be recorded as a cumulative adjustment in the period that the estimates are revised. The fair value of the stock options granted to non-employees is calculated at each reporting date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended 2015 2014 2015 2014 Expected term (in years) 8.8 9.1 8.9 9.1 Expected volatility 71.2 % 57.6 % 69.4 % 57.6 % Risk-free interest rate 2.1 % 2.6 % 2.0 % 2.6 % Expected dividend rate — % — % — % — % 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan On January 1, 2015, the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the Company’s 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, or 2014 ESPP, automatically increased by 1% of the total number of shares of the Company’s capital stock outstanding on December 31, 2014, or 237,744 shares. As of June 30, 2015, there were 404,073 shares available for issuance under the 2014 EIP. The fair value of the option component of the shares purchased under the 2014 ESPP was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions: Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2015 2014 Expected term (in years) 0.5 0.5 Expected volatility 49.9 % 48.0 % Risk-free interest rate 0.1 % 0.1 % Expected dividend rate — % — % Fair Value of Common Stock . The fair value of the shares of common stock is based on the Company’s stock price as quoted by the NASDAQ. Expected Term . The expected term is based on the term of the purchase period under the 2014 ESPP. Expected Volatility . Since the Company was a private entity until February 2014 with no historical data regarding the volatility of its common stock, the expected volatility used is based on volatility of a group of similar entities. In evaluating similarity, the Company considered factors such as industry, stage of life cycle, capital structure, and size. The Company will continue to analyze the historical stock price volatility and expected term assumptions as more historical data for the Company’s common stock becomes available. Risk-Free Interest Rate . The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury constant maturity treasury rates with remaining terms similar to the expected term. Expected Dividend Rate . The Company has never paid any dividends and does not plan to pay dividends in the foreseeable future, and, therefore, used an expected dividend rate of zero in the valuation model. Total Stock-Based Compensation Total stock-based compensation expense related to options and restricted stock awards granted to employees and nonemployees was allocated as follows (in thousands): Three Months Ended Six Months Ended 2015 2014 2015 2014 Research and development $ 869 $ 592 $ 1,697 $ 1,087 General and administrative 1,538 907 3,027 1,240 Total stock based compensation expense $ 2,407 $ 1,499 $ 4,724 $ 2,327 Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) The following table summarizes the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component (in thousands): Unrealized Gains and Losses on Available-for-Sale Securities Balance at December 31, 2014 $ — Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications (12 ) Reclassications from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) — Net current period other comprehensive income (loss) (12 ) Balance at June 30, 2015 $ (12 ) |