Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation (Policies) | 3 Months Ended |
Mar. 31, 2014 |
Basis of Presentation [Abstract] | ' |
Organization, Consolidation, Basis of Presentation, Business Description and Accounting Policies [Text Block] | ' |
Basis of Presentation |
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The unaudited consolidated financial statements include all of the accounts of the Company and the Operating Partnership presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain adjustments have been made consisting of normal recurring accruals, which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation of the Company's financial condition and results of operations. |
Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Use of Estimates |
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The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. |
valuation acquired real estate assets [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Acquisitions and Impairments of Real Estate Assets |
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The Company generally records its initial investments in income-producing real estate at fair value at the acquisition date in accordance with ASC 805-10, Business Combinations. The aggregate purchase price of acquired properties is apportioned to the tangible and identifiable intangible assets and liabilities acquired at their estimated fair values. The value of acquired land, buildings and improvements is estimated by formal appraisals, observed comparable sales transactions, and information gathered during pre-acquisition due diligence activities and the valuation approach considers the value of the property as if it were vacant. The values of furniture, fixtures, and equipment are estimated by calculating their replacement cost and reducing that value by factors based upon estimates of their remaining useful lives. |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Intangible assets and liabilities for multifamily communities include the values of in-place leases, customer relationships, and above-market or below-market leases. In-place lease values are estimated by calculating the estimated time to fill a hypothetically empty apartment complex to its stabilization level (estimated to be 92% occupancy) based on historical observed move-in rates for each property. Carrying costs during these hypothetical expected lease-up periods are estimated, considering current market conditions and include real estate taxes, insurance and other operating expenses and estimates of lost rentals at market rates. The intangible assets are calculated by estimating the net cash flows of the in-place leases to be realized, as compared to the net cash flows that would have occurred had the property been vacant at the time of acquisition and subject to lease-up. The acquired in-place lease values are amortized to operating expense over the average remaining non-cancelable term of the respective in-place leases. The values of customer relationships are estimated by calculating the product of the avoided hypothetical lost revenue and the average renewal probability and are amortized to operating expense over the average remaining historical period of residency, plus an estimate of the average expected renewal period. The amounts of above-market or below-market lease values are developed by comparing the Company's estimate of the average market rent to the average contract rent of the leases in place at the property acquisition date any amount. This ratio is applied on a lease by lease basis to derive a total asset or liability amount for the property. The above-market or below-market lease values are recorded as a reduction or increase, respectively, to rental income over the remaining average non-cancelable term of the respective leases, plus any below market renewal options. Acquired intangible assets have no residual value. |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Intangible Assets, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
The Company evaluates its tangible and identifiable intangible real estate assets for impairment when events such as declines in a property’s operating performance, deteriorating market conditions, or environmental or legal concerns bring recoverability of the carrying value of one or more assets into question. The total undiscounted cash flows of the asset group, including proceeds from disposition, are compared to the net book value of the asset group. If this test indicates that impairment exists, an impairment loss is recorded in earnings equal to the shortage of the book value to the discounted net cash flows of the asset group. |
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash |
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The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Restricted cash includes cash restricted by state law or contractual requirement and relates primarily to tax and insurance escrows and resident security deposits. |
Fair Value Measurement, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Fair Value Measurements |
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Certain assets and liabilities are required to be carried at fair value, or if they are deemed impaired, to be adjusted to reflect this condition. The Company follows the guidance provided by ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, in accounting and reporting for real estate assets where appropriate, as well as debt instruments both held for investment and as liabilities. The standard requires disclosure of fair values calculated under each level of inputs within the following hierarchy: |
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•Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date. |
•Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or |
indirectly. |
•Level 3 – Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. |
Debt, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Deferred Loan Costs |
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Deferred loan costs are amortized using the straight-line method, which approximates the effective interest method, over the terms of the related indebtedness. |
deferred equity offering costs policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Deferred Offering Costs |
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Deferred offering costs represent direct costs incurred by the Company related to current equity offerings, excluding costs specifically identifiable to a closing, such as commissions, dealer-manager fees, and other registration fees. For issuances of equity that occur on one specific date, associated offering costs are reclassified as a reduction of proceeds raised on the date of issue. Our ongoing offering of up to a maximum of 900,000 units, consisting of one share of Series A Redeemable Preferred Stock, or Series A Preferred Stock, and one warrant, or Warrant, to purchase 20 shares of Common Stock, or Units, generally closes on a bimonthly basis in variable amounts. Such offering is referred to herein as the Follow-on Offering, pursuant to our registration statement on Form S-3 (registration number 333-183355), as may be amended from time to time. Deferred offering costs related to the Follow-on Offering and Shelf Offering (as defined in note 5) are reclassified to the stockholders’ equity section of the consolidated balance sheet as a reduction of proceeds raised on a pro-rata basis equal to the ratio of total Units or value of shares issued to the maximum number of Units, or the value of shares, as applicable, that are expected to be issued. |
noncontrolling interest [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Non-controlling Interest |
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Non-controlling interest represents the equity interest of the Operating Partnership that is not owned by the Company. Non-controlling interest is adjusted for contributions, distributions and earnings or loss attributable to the non-controlling interest in the consolidated entity in accordance with the Agreement of Limited Partnership of the Operating Partnership, as amended. |
Stockholders' Equity Note, Redeemable Preferred Stock, Issue, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Redeemable Preferred Stock |
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Shares of the Series A Preferred Stock issued pursuant to the Primary Series A Offering (further described in note 5) are redeemable at the option of the holder, subject to a declining redemption fee schedule. Redemptions are therefore outside the control of the Company. However, the Company retains the right to fund any redemptions of Series A Preferred Stock in either Common Stock or cash at its option. Therefore, the Company records the Series A Preferred Stock as a component of permanent stockholders’ equity. |
Revenue Recognition Leases, Operating [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Revenue Recognition |
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Rental revenue is recognized when earned from residents of the Company's multifamily communities, which is over the terms of rental agreements, typically of 13 months’ duration. Differences from the straight-line method, which recognize the effect of any up-front concessions and other adjustments ratably over the lease term, are not material. The Company evaluates the collectability of amounts due from residents and maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of residents to make required payments then due under lease agreements. The balance of amounts due from residents are generally deemed uncollectible 30 days beyond the due date, at which point they are fully reserved. |
Revenue Recognition, Interest [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Interest income on real estate loans and notes receivable is recognized on an accrual basis over the lives of the loans using the effective interest method. In the event that a loan or note is refinanced with the proceeds of another loan issued by the Company, any unamortized loan fee revenue from the first loan will be recognized as interest revenue over the term of the new loan. Direct loan origination fees and origination or acquisition costs applicable to real estate loans are amortized over the lives of the loans as adjustments to interest income. The accrual of interest on all these instruments is stopped when there is concern as to the ultimate collection of principal or interest, which is generally a delinquency of 30 days in required payments of interest or principal. Any payments received on such non-accrual loans are recorded as interest income when the payments are received. Real estate loan assets are reclassified as accrual-basis once interest and principal payments become current. Certain real estate loan assets include limited purchase options and exit fees or additional interest payments that are due the Company at maturity or in the event of a sale of the property or refinancing of the loan by the borrower to a third party. If the Company purchases the subject property, any accrued exit fee will be treated as additional consideration for the acquired project. |
Revenue Recognition, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Promotional fees received from service providers at the Company’s properties are deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreement. |
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The PAC Rewards program, implemented in the first quarter of 2012, allows residents to accumulate reward points on a monthly basis for actions such as resident referrals and making rent payments online. A resident must rent an apartment from the Company for at least 14 months before reward points may be redeemed for services or upgrades to a resident’s unit. The Company accrues a liability for the estimated cost of these future point redemptions, net of a 35% breakage fee, which is the Company’s current estimate of rewards points that will not be redeemed. In accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin 13.A.3c, the Company deems its obligations under PAC Rewards as inconsequential to the delivery of services according to the lease terms. Therefore, the expense related to the PAC Rewards Program is included in property operating and maintenance expense on the consolidated statements of operations. |
Share-based Compensation, Option and Incentive Plans Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Stock-Based Compensation |
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The Company accounts for stock-based compensation in accordance with guidance provided by ASC 505, Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees and ASC 718, Stock Compensation. We calculate the fair value of equity compensation instruments at the date of grant based upon estimates of their expected term, the expected volatility of and dividend yield on our Common Stock over this expected term period and the market risk-free rate of return. We will also estimate forfeitures of these instruments and accrue the compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, over the vesting period(s). We record the fair value of restricted stock awards based upon the closing stock price on the trading day immediately preceding the date of grant. |
property acquisition costs policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Acquisition Costs |
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The Company expenses property acquisition costs as incurred, which include costs such as due diligence, legal, certain accounting, environmental and consulting, when the acquisition constitutes a business combination. |
Property, Plant and Equipment, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Capitalization and Depreciation |
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The Company capitalizes replacements of furniture, fixtures and equipment, as well as carpet, appliances, air conditioning units, certain common area items, and other assets. Significant repair and renovation costs that improve the usefulness or extend the useful life of the properties are also capitalized. These assets are then depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, as follows: |
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•Buildings 30 - 40 years |
•Furniture, fixtures & equipment 5 - 10 years |
•Improvements to buildings and land 5 - 10 years |
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Operating expenses related to unit turnover costs, such as carpet cleaning, mini-blind replacements, and minor repairs are expensed as incurred. |
Income Tax, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Income Taxes |
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The Company has elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Code. To continue to qualify as a REIT, the Company must meet certain organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute at least 90% of the Company's annual REIT taxable income to its stockholders (which is computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction or net capital gain which does not necessarily equal net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP). As a REIT, the Company generally will not be subject to federal income tax to the extent it distributes qualifying dividends to its stockholders. If the Company fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, it will be subject to federal income tax on its taxable income at regular corporate income tax rates and generally will not be permitted to qualify for treatment as a REIT for federal income tax purposes for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification is lost unless the Internal Revenue Service grants the Company relief under certain statutory provisions. Such an event could materially adversely affect the Company's net income and net cash available for distribution to stockholders. The Company intends to operate in such a manner as to maintain its election for treatment as a REIT. |
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The Company recognizes a liability for uncertain tax positions. An uncertain tax position is defined as a position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return that is not based on clear and unambiguous tax law and which is reflected in measuring current or deferred income tax assets and liabilities for interim or annual periods. The Company may recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The Company measures the tax benefits recognized based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in its provision for income taxes. |
Earnings Per Share, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
(Loss) Per Share |
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Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income or loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding for the period. Net income or loss attributable to common stockholders is calculated by deducting dividends due to preferred stockholders, as well as non-forfeitable dividends due to holders of unvested restricted stock, which are participating securities under the two-class method of calculating earnings per share. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing earnings or net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding adjusted for the effect of dilutive securities such as share grants or warrants. No adjustment is made for potential Common Stock equivalents that are anti-dilutive during the period. |