Risk Management Activities and Financial Instruments | 9 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2013 |
Risk Management Activities and Financial Instruments | ' |
Risk Management Activities and Financial Instruments | ' |
4. Risk Management Activities and Financial Instruments |
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Risk Management Overview |
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Niska Partners has exposure to commodity price, foreign currency, counterparty credit, interest rate and liquidity risks. Risk management activities are tailored to the risks they are designed to mitigate. |
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Commodity Price Risk |
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As a result of its natural gas inventory, Niska Partners is exposed to risks associated with changes in price when buying and selling natural gas across future time periods. To manage these risks and reduce variability of cash flows, the Company utilizes a combination of financial and physical derivative contracts, including forwards, futures, swaps and option contracts. The use of these contracts is subject to the Company’s risk management policies. These contracts have not been treated as hedges for financial reporting purposes and therefore changes in fair value are recorded directly in earnings. |
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Forward contracts and futures contracts are agreements to purchase or sell a specific financial instrument or quantity of natural gas at a specified price and date in the future. Niska Partners enters into forward contracts and futures contracts to mitigate the impact of changes in natural gas prices. In addition to cash settlement, exchange traded futures may also be settled by the physical delivery of natural gas. |
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Swap contracts are agreements between two parties to exchange streams of payments over time according to specified terms. Swap contracts require receipt of payment for the notional quantity of the commodity based on the difference between a fixed price and the market price on the settlement date. Niska Partners enters into commodity swaps to mitigate the impact of changes in natural gas prices. |
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Option contracts are contractual agreements to convey the right, but not the obligation, for the purchaser of the option to buy or sell a specific physical or notional amount of a commodity at a fixed price, either at a fixed date or at any time within a specified period. Niska Partners enters into option agreements to mitigate the impact of changes in natural gas prices. |
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To limit its exposure to changes in commodity prices, Niska Partners enters into purchases and sales of natural gas inventory and concurrently matches the volumes in these transactions with offsetting derivative contracts. To comply with its internal risk management policies, Niska Partners is required to limit its exposure of unmatched volumes of proprietary current natural gas inventory to an aggregate overall limit of 8.0 billion cubic feet (“Bcf”). At December 31, 2013, 56.4 Bcf of natural gas inventory was offset with financial contracts, representing 100% of total current inventory. Non-cycling working gas, which is included in long-term inventory, and fuel gas used for operating the facilities are excluded from the coverage requirement. Total volumes of long-term inventory and fuel gas at December 31, 2013 are 3.4 Bcf and 0.0 Bcf, respectively. As of December 31, 2013 and March 31, 2013, the volumes of inventories which were economically hedged using each type of contract were: |
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| | December 31, | | March 31, | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2013 | | 2013 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Forwards | | 0.9 | Bcf | 1.6 | Bcf | | | | | | | | | | | |
Futures | | 55.1 | Bcf | 14.1 | Bcf | | | | | | | | | | | |
Swaps | | 0 | Bcf | 10 | Bcf | | | | | | | | | | | |
Options | | — | | — | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 56 | Bcf | 25.7 | Bcf | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Counterparty Credit Risk |
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Niska Partners is exposed to counterparty credit risk on its trade and accrued accounts receivable and risk management assets. Counterparty credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Company if a customer fails to perform its contractual obligations. Niska Partners engages in transactions for the purchase and sale of products and services with major companies in the energy industry and with industrial, commercial, residential and municipal energy consumers. Credit risk associated with trade accounts receivable is mitigated by the high percentage of investment grade customers, collateral support of receivables and Niska Partners’ ability to take ownership of customer owned natural gas stored in its facilities in the event of non-payment. For the nine months ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, no trade receivables were deemed to be uncollectible. It is management’s opinion that no allowance for doubtful accounts is required at December 31, 2013 or March 31, 2013 on accrued and trade accounts receivable. |
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The Company analyzes the financial condition of counterparties prior to entering into an agreement. Credit limits are established and monitored on an ongoing basis. Management believes, based on its credit policies, that the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows will not be materially affected as a result of non-performance by any single counterparty. Credit risk is assessed prior to transacting with any counterparty and each counterparty is required to maintain an investment grade rating, provide a parental guarantee from an investment grade parent, or provide an alternative method of financial assurance (letter of credit, cash, etc.) to support proposed transactions. In addition, the Company’s tariffs contain provisions that permit it to take title to a customer’s inventory should the customer’s account remain unpaid for an extended period of time. Although the Company relies on a few counterparties for a significant portion of its revenues, one counterparty making up 40.5% of gross revenues for the nine months ended December 31, 2013 is a physical natural gas clearing and settlement facility that requires counterparties to post margin deposits equal to 125% of their net position, which reduces the risk of default. |
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Exchange traded futures and options comprise approximately 60.6% of Niska Partners’ commodity risk management assets at December 31, 2013. These exchange traded contracts have minimal credit exposure as the exchanges guarantee that every contract will be margined on a daily basis. In the event of any default, Niska Partners’ account on the exchange would be absorbed by other clearing members. Because every member posts an initial margin, the exchange can protect the exchange members if or when a clearing member defaults. |
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Niska Partners further manages credit exposure by entering into master netting agreements for the majority of non-retail contracts. These master netting agreements provide the Company, in the event of default, the right to offset the counterparty’s rights and obligations. |
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Interest Rate Risk |
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Niska Partners assesses interest rate risk by continually identifying and monitoring changes in interest rate exposures that may adversely impact expected future cash flows. At December 31, 2013, Niska Partners was only exposed to interest rate risk resulting from the variable rates associated with its $400 million Credit Agreement of which $127.0 million was drawn. |
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Liquidity Risk |
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Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they become due. Niska Partners continues to manage its liquidity risk by ensuring sufficient cash and credit facilities are available to meet its operating and capital expenditure obligations when due, under both normal and stressed conditions. |
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Foreign Currency Risk |
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Foreign currency risk is created by fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. As Niska Partners conducts a portion of its activities in Canadian dollars, earnings and cash flows are subject to currency fluctuations. The performance of the Canadian dollar relative to the U.S. dollar could positively or negatively affect earnings. Niska Partners is exposed to cash flow risk to the extent that Canadian currency outflows exceed Canadian currency inflows. The Company enters into currency swaps to mitigate the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates. The notional value of currency swaps at December 31, 2013 was $57.5 million (March 31, 2013 - $84.0 million). These contracts expire on various dates from January 1, 2014 through June 1, 2016. Niska Partners has not elected hedge accounting treatment, therefore, changes in fair value are recorded directly in earnings. |
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The following tables show the fair values of Niska Partners’ risk management assets and liabilities at December 31, 2013 and March 31, 2013: |
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| | Energy | | Currency | | | | | | | | | |
December 31, 2013 | | Contracts | | Contracts | | Total | | | | | | | |
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Short-term risk management assets | | $ | 16,217 | | $ | 730 | | $ | 16,947 | | | | | | | |
Long-term risk management assets | | 6,376 | | 278 | | 6,654 | | | | | | | |
Short-term risk management liabilities | | (37,450 | ) | (42 | ) | (37,492 | ) | | | | | | |
Long-term risk management liabilities | | (5,383 | ) | (1 | ) | (5,384 | ) | | | | | | |
| | $ | (20,240 | ) | $ | 965 | | $ | (19,275 | ) | | | | | | |
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| | Energy | | Currency | | | | | | | | | |
March 31, 2013 | | Contracts | | Contracts | | Total | | | | | | | |
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Short-term risk management assets | | $ | 20,383 | | $ | 776 | | $ | 21,159 | | | | | | | |
Long-term risk management assets | | 6,593 | | — | | 6,593 | | | | | | | |
Short-term risk management liabilities | | (19,792 | ) | (213 | ) | (20,005 | ) | | | | | | |
Long-term risk management liabilities | | (4,477 | ) | (97 | ) | (4,574 | ) | | | | | | |
| | $ | 2,707 | | $ | 466 | | $ | 3,173 | | | | | | | |
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Information about the Company’s risk management assets and liabilities that had netting or rights of offset arrangements are as follows: |
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December 31, 2013 | | Gross Amounts | | Gross Amounts | | Net Amounts | | Margin | | Net Amounts | |
Recognized | Offset in the | Presented in | Deposits not |
| Balance Sheet | the Balance | Offset in the |
| | Sheet | Balance Sheet |
Assets | | | | | | | | | | | |
Commodity derivatives | | $ | 106,713 | | $ | (84,120 | ) | $ | 22,593 | | $ | (13,262 | ) | $ | 9,331 | |
Currency derivatives | | 1,132 | | (124 | ) | 1,008 | | (1,008 | ) | — | |
Total assets | | 107,845 | | (84,244 | ) | 23,601 | | (14,270 | ) | 9,331 | |
Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | |
Commodity derivatives | | 126,954 | | (84,121 | ) | 42,833 | | (28,904 | ) | 13,929 | |
Currency derivatives | | 166 | | (123 | ) | 43 | | (43 | ) | — | |
Total liabilities | | 127,120 | | (84,244 | ) | 42,876 | | (28,947 | ) | 13,929 | |
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Net | | $ | (19,275 | ) | $ | — | | $ | (19,275 | ) | $ | 14,677 | | $ | (4,598 | ) |
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March 31, 2013 | | Gross Amounts | | Gross Amounts | | Net Amounts | | Margin | | Net Amounts | |
Recognized | Offset in the | Presented in | Deposits not |
| Balance Sheet | the Balance | Offset in the |
| | Sheet | Balance Sheet |
Assets | | | | | | | | | | | |
Commodity derivatives | | $ | 88,682 | | $ | (61,706 | ) | $ | 26,976 | | $ | (15,030 | ) | $ | 11,946 | |
Currency derivatives | | 881 | | (105 | ) | 776 | | (776 | ) | — | |
Total assets | | 89,563 | | (61,811 | ) | 27,752 | | (15,806 | ) | 11,946 | |
Liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | |
Commodity derivatives | | 85,975 | | (61,706 | ) | 24,269 | | (16,861 | ) | 7,408 | |
Currency derivatives | | 415 | | (105 | ) | 310 | | (164 | ) | 146 | |
Total liabilities | | 86,390 | | (61,811 | ) | 24,579 | | (17,025 | ) | 7,554 | |
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Net | | $ | 3,173 | | $ | — | | $ | 3,173 | | $ | 1,219 | | $ | 4,392 | |
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The Company expects to recognize risk management assets and liabilities outstanding at December 31, 2013 into net earnings and comprehensive income in the fiscal periods as follows: |
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| | Energy | | Currency | | | | | | | | | |
| | Contracts | | Contracts | | Total | | | | | | | |
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Fiscal year ending March 31, 2014 | | $ | (22,774 | ) | $ | 317 | | $ | (22,457 | ) | | | | | | |
Fiscal year ending March 31, 2015 | | 3,217 | | 371 | | 3,588 | | | | | | | |
Fiscal year ending March 31, 2016 | | (771 | ) | 179 | | (592 | ) | | | | | | |
Thereafter | | 88 | | 98 | | 186 | | | | | | | |
| | $ | (20,240 | ) | $ | 965 | | $ | (19,275 | ) | | | | | | |
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Net realized and unrealized optimization gains and losses from the settlement of risk management contracts are summarized as follows: |
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| | Three Months Ended | | Nine Months Ended | | | | |
| | December 31, | | December 31, | | | | |
| | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2013 | | 2012 | | | | |
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Energy contracts | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Realized | | $ | (559 | ) | $ | (24,079 | ) | $ | 7,131 | | $ | 7,356 | | | | |
Unrealized | | (29,803 | ) | 41,515 | | (22,947 | ) | (37,616 | ) | | | |
Currency contracts | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Realized | | 116 | | (146 | ) | 1,712 | | (134 | ) | | | |
Unrealized | | 870 | | 603 | | 500 | | (145 | ) | | | |
| | $ | (29,376 | ) | $ | 17,893 | | $ | (13,604 | ) | $ | (30,539 | ) | | | |
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