JACKSONVILLE BANCORP, INC.
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is intended to assist in understanding the financial condition and results of the Company. The information contained in this section should be read in conjunction with the unaudited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes thereto.
Forward Looking Statements
This Form 10-Q contains certain “forward-looking statements” which may be identified by the use of words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “should,” “planned,” “estimated,” and “potential.” Examples of forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, estimates with respect to our financial condition, results of operations and business that are subject to various factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from these estimates and most other statements that are not historical in nature. These factors include, but are not limited to, the effect of disruptions in the financial markets, changes in interest rates, general economic conditions and the current weak state of the United States economy, deposit flows, demand for mortgage and other loans, real estate values, and competition; changes in accounting principles, policies, or guidelines; changes in legislation or regulation, including the Dodd-Frank Act and the elimination of the Office of Thrift Supervision; and other economic, competitive, governmental, regulatory, and technological factors affecting our operations, pricing of products and services.
Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Significant Estimates
In the ordinary course of business, we have made a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of results of operations and financial condition in preparing our financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates under different assumptions and conditions. Management believes the following discussion addresses our most critical accounting policies and significant estimates, which are those that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results and require management’s most difficult, subjective and complex judgements, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain.
Allowance for Loan Losses - The Company believes the allowance for loan losses is the critical accounting policy that requires the most significant judgments and assumptions used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements. The allowance for loan losses is a material estimate that is particularly susceptible to significant changes in the near term and is established through a provision for loan losses. The allowance is based upon past loan experience and other factors which, in management’s judgement, deserve current recognition in estimating loan losses. The evaluation includes a review of all loans on which full collectibility may not be reasonably assured. Other factors considered by management include the size and character of the loan portfolio, concentrations of loans to specific borrowers or industries, existing economic conditions and historical losses on each portfolio category. In connection with the determination of the allowance for loan losses, management obtains independent appraisals for significant properties, which collateralize loans. Management uses the available information to make such determinations. If circumstances differ substantially from the assumptions used in making determinations, future adjustments to the allowance for loan losses may be necessary and results of operations could be affected. While we believe we have established our existing allowance for loan losses in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, there can be no assurance that regulators, in reviewing the Company’s loan portfolio, will not request an increase in the allowance for loan losses. Because future events affecting borrowers and collateral cannot be predicted with certainty, there can be no assurance that increases to the allowance will not be necessary if loan quality deteriorates.
Foreclosed Assets – Foreclosed assets primarily consist of real estate owned. Real estate owned acquired through loan foreclosures are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. The adjustment at the time of foreclosure is recorded through the allowance for loan losses. Due to the subjective nature of establishing fair value when the asset is acquired, the actual fair value of the other real estate owned could differ from the original estimate. If it is determined that fair value of an asset declines subsequent to foreclosure, the asset is written down through a charge to non-interest expense. Operating costs associated with the assets after acquisition are also recorded as non-interest expense. Gains and losses on the disposition of other real estate owned are netted and posted to non-interest expense.
Deferred Income Tax Assets/Liabilities – Our net deferred income tax asset arises from differences in the dates that items of income and expense enter into our reported income and taxable income. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are established for these items as they arise. From an accounting standpoint, deferred tax assets are reviewed to determine that they are realizable based upon the historical level of our taxable income, estimates of our future taxable income and the reversals of deferred tax liabilities. In most cases, the realization of the deferred tax asset is based on our future profitability. If we were to experience net operating losses for tax purposes in a future period, the realization of our deferred tax assets would be evaluated for a potential valuation reserve.
Impairment of Goodwill - Goodwill, an intangible asset with an indefinite life, was recorded on our balance sheet in prior periods as a result of acquisition activity. Goodwill is evaluated for impairment annually, unless there are factors present that indicate a potential impairment, in which case, the goodwill impairment test is performed more frequently.
Mortgage Servicing Rights - Mortgage servicing rights are very sensitive to movements in interest rates as expected future net servicing income depends on the projected outstanding principal balances of the underlying loans, which can be greatly reduced by prepayments. Prepayments usually increase when mortgage interest rates decline and decrease when mortgage interest rates rise.
Fair Value Measurements – The fair value of a financial instrument is defined as the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties, other than in a forced or liquidation sale. The Company estimates the fair value of financial instruments using a variety of valuation methods. Where financial instruments are actively traded and have quoted market prices, quoted market prices are used for fair value. When the financial instruments are not actively traded, other observable market inputs, such as quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics, may be used, if available, to determine fair value. When observable market prices do not exist, the Company estimates fair value. Other factors such as model assumptions and market dislocations can affect estimates of fair value. Imprecision in estimating these factors can impact the amount of revenue or loss recorded.
ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements, establishes a framework for measuring the fair value of financial instruments that considers the attributes specific to particular assets or liabilities and establishes a three-level hierarchy for determining fair value based upon transparency of inputs to each valuation as of the fair value measurement date. The three levels are defined as follows:
| ● | Level 1 – quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets |
| ● | Level 2 – inputs include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices of identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. |
| ● | Level 3 – inputs that are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement. |
At the end of each quarter, the Company assesses the valuation hierarchy for each asset or liability measured. From time to time, assets or liabilities may be transferred within hierarchy levels due to changes in availability of observable market inputs to measure fair value at the measurement date. Transfers into or out of a hierarchy are based upon the fair value at the beginning of the reporting period.
The above listing is not intended to be a comprehensive list of all our accounting policies. In many cases, the accounting treatment of a particular transaction is specifically dictated by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, with no need for management’s judgement in their application. There are also areas in which management’s judgement in selecting any available alternative would not produce a materially different result.
Financial Condition
June 30, 2011 Compared to December 31, 2010
Total assets increased by $3.4 million, or 1.1%, to $304.9 million at June 30, 2011 from $301.5 million at December 31, 2010. Net loans decreased $1.7 million, or 1.0%, to $174.7 million at June 30, 2011 from $176.4 million at December 31, 2010. The decrease in loan volume was due to low loan demand as a result of the current weakened economy, as well as normal loan repayments. Available-for-sale investment securities increased $5.8 million, or 10.9%, to $58.6 million at June 30, 2011 from $52.9 million at December 31, 2010. Mortgage-backed securities also increased $3.2 million, or 7.7%, to $45.2 million at June 30, 2011 from $42.0 million at December 31, 2010. The growth in investment securities and mortgage-backed securities was primarily due to the investment of funds from cash and cash equivalents and decreased loan volume. Cash and cash equivalents decreased $3.4 million to $5.6 million at June 30, 2011 from $8.9 million at December 31, 2010.
Total deposits increased $183,000 to $256.6 million at June 30, 2011. The mix of our deposits has changed during 2011 with an $11.9 million increase in transaction accounts, partially offset by an $11.7 million decrease in time deposits. Transaction accounts have continued to grow, and time deposits have declined, as customers have preferred to maintain short-term, liquid deposits in the current low interest rate environment. Deposit volumes have also benefitted from customers choosing the safety of insured deposits versus alternative investments. Other borrowings, which consisted of overnight repurchase agreements, increased $135,000 during this same time frame.
Stockholders’ equity increased $3.1 million, or 8.6%, to $38.7 million at June 30, 2011. The increase in stockholders’ equity was the result of $1.6 million in net income and $1.6 million in other comprehensive income, which was partially offset by the payment of $280,000 in cash dividends. Other comprehensive income consisted of the increase in net unrealized gains, net of tax, on available-for-sale securities reflecting changes in market prices for securities in our portfolio. Other comprehensive income does not include changes in the fair value of other financial instruments included on the balance sheet.
Results of Operations
Comparison of Operating Results for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2011 and 2010
General: Net income for the three months ended June 30, 2011 was $905,000, or $0.48 per common share, basic and diluted, compared to net income of $180,000, or $0.09 per common share, basic and diluted, for the three months ended June 30, 2010. The $725,000 increase in net income was due to an increase of $468,000 in net interest income and decreases of $700,000 in the provision for loan losses and $83,000 in non-interest expense, partially offset by a decrease of $49,000 in non-interest income and an increase of $477,000 in income taxes.
Interest Income: Total interest income for the three months ended June 30, 2011 increased $212,000, or 6.3%, to $3.6 million from $3.4 million for the same period of 2010. The increase in interest income reflected a $28,000 increase in interest income on loans, a $65,000 increase in interest income on investment securities, a $120,000 increase in interest income on mortgage-backed securities and a $1,000 decrease in other interest-earning assets.
Interest income on loans increased $28,000 to $2.7 million for the second quarter of 2011 primarily due to an increase in the average balance of loans. The average balance of the loan portfolio increased $1.2 million to $177.5 million for the second quarter of 2011. The increase in the average balance of the loan portfolio reflected an increase in the average balance of commercial and agricultural real estate loans during the second quarter of 2011 compared to the second quarter of 2010. The average yield on loans increased to 6.11% during the second quarter of 2011 from 6.09% during the second quarter of 2010.
Interest income on investment securities increased $65,000 to $516,000 for the second quarter of 2011 from $451,000 for the second quarter of 2010. The increase reflected a $6.1 million increase in the average balance of the investment securities portfolio to $57.6 million during the second quarter of 2011, compared to $51.5 million for the second quarter of 2010. The increase in the average balance of investment securities reflected the investment of funds from the capital raised during our 2010 second step offering and the lack of corresponding loan demand. The average yield of investment securities increased to 3.59% during the second quarter of 2011 from 3.51% during the second quarter of 2010. The average yield does not reflect the benefit of the higher tax-equivalent yield of our municipal bonds, which is reflected in income tax expense.
Interest income on mortgage-backed securities increased $120,000 to $367,000 for the second quarter of 2011, compared to $247,000 for the second quarter of 2010. The increase was mostly due to a $12.4 million increase in the average balance of mortgage-backed securities to $45.8 million during the second quarter of 2011 from $33.4 million during the second quarter of 2010. The increase in the average balance of mortgage-backed securities also reflected the investment of funds from the capital raised during our 2010 second step offering. The increase in interest income on mortgage-backed securities also reflected a 25 basis point increase in the average yield of mortgage-backed securities to 3.20% for the second quarter of 2011, compared to 2.95% for the second quarter of 2010. The average yield benefitted from reduced premium amortization resulting from slower national prepayment speeds on mortgage-backed securities. The amortization of premiums on mortgage-backed securities, which reduces the average yield, decreased $71,000 to $66,000 during the second quarter of 2011, compared to $137,000 during the second quarter of 2010.
Interest income on other interest-earning assets, which consisted of interest-earning deposit accounts and federal funds sold, decreased $1,000 during the second quarter of 2011. The average yield on other interest-earning assets decreased to 0.04% during the second quarter of 2011 from 0.14% during the second quarter of 2010. The average balance of these accounts increased $400,000 to $6.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2011 compared to $6.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2010.
Interest Expense: Total interest expense decreased $256,000, or 25.4%, to $752,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2011 compared to $1.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2010. The lower interest expense was due to a $259,000 decrease in the cost of deposits, partially offset by a $3,000 increase in the cost of borrowed funds.
Interest expense on deposits decreased $259,000 to $747,000 for the second quarter of 2011 compared to $1.0 million for the second quarter of 2010. The decrease in interest expense on deposits was primarily due to a 47 basis point decrease in the average rate paid on deposits to 1.26% during the second quarter of 2011 from 1.73% during the second quarter of 2010. The decrease reflected ongoing low short-term market interest rates during 2011. The decrease in the average rate paid was partially offset by a $4.1 million increase in the average balance of deposits to $237.4 million for the second quarter of 2011. The increase was primarily due to a $5.5 million increase in the average balance of transaction accounts.
Interest paid on borrowed funds increased $3,000 to $5,000 for the second quarter of 2011 due to an increase in the average balance and cost of borrowings. The average balance of borrowed funds increased to $4.9 million during the second quarter of 2011 compared to $3.0 million during the same period of 2010. The average rate paid on borrowed funds increased to 0.43% during the second quarter of 2011 compared to 0.33% during the second quarter of 2010.
Net Interest Income. As a result of the changes in interest income and interest expense noted above, net interest income increased by $468,000, or 19.7%, to $2.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2011 from $2.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2010. Our interest rate spread increased by 40 basis points to 3.76% during the second quarter of 2011 from 3.36% during the second quarter of 2010. Our net interest margin increased 40 basis points to 3.96% for the second quarter of 2011 from 3.56% for the first quarter of 2010. Our net interest income continues to benefit from a steeper than normal yield curve. Low short-term market interest rates have resulted in our cost of funds decreasing faster than the yield on our loans.
Provision for Loan Losses: The provision for loan losses is determined by management as the amount needed to replenish the allowance for loan losses, after net charge-offs have been deducted, to a level considered adequate to absorb inherent losses in the loan portfolio, in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
The provision for loan losses totaled $150,000 during the second quarter of 2011, compared to $850,000 during the second quarter of 2010. The decrease in the provision for loan losses reflected a lower level of net charge-offs. Net charge-offs decreased $877,000 to a net recovery of $132,000 during the second quarter of 2011, compared to net charge-offs of $745,000 during the second quarter of 2010.
While the level of charge-offs decreased during 2011 compared to 2010, the historically higher level of charge-offs for both years have resulted in an increase in our average loss factors. The higher level of charge-offs was concentrated in our commercial and commercial real estate portfolios, and have contributed to the higher balance of the allowance for loan losses. The allowance for loan losses increased $501,000 to $3.2 million at June 30, 2011 from $2.7 million at June 30, 2010. Loans delinquent 30 days or more decreased $2.1 million to $1.9 million, or 1.07% of total loans, as of June 30, 2011, from $4.0 million, or 2.24% of total loans, as of December 31, 2010. Loans delinquent 30 days or more totaled $4.1 million, or 2.33% of total loans at June 30, 2010.
Provisions for loan losses have been made to bring the allowance for loan losses to a level deemed adequate following management’s evaluation of the repayment capacity and collateral protection afforded by each problem credit. This review also considered the local economy and the level of bankruptcies and foreclosures in our market area. The following table sets forth information regarding nonperforming assets at the dates indicated.
| | June 30, 2011 | | | December 31, 2010 | |
| | | |
Non-accruing loans: | | | | | | |
One-to-four family residential | | $ | 831,511 | | | $ | 1,019,252 | |
Commercial real estate | | | 1,329,740 | | | | 1,359,060 | |
Commercial business | | | 73,517 | | | | 84,361 | |
Home equity | | | 429,896 | | | | 565,905 | |
Consumer | | | 150,545 | | | | 106,159 | |
Total | | $ | 2,815,209 | | | $ | 3,134,737 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Accruing loans delinquent more than 90 days: | | | | | | | | |
Consumer | | $ | 1,329 | | | $ | - | |
Total | | $ | 1,329 | | | $ | - | |
| | | | | | | | |
Foreclosed assets: | | | | | | | | |
One-to-four family residential | | $ | 121,200 | | | $ | 207,412 | |
Commercial real estate | | | 430,532 | | | | 252,465 | |
Total | | $ | 551,732 | | | $ | 459,877 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total nonperforming assets | | $ | 3,368,270 | | | $ | 3,594,614 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total as a percentage of total assets | | | 1.10 | % | | | 1.19 | % |
Nonperforming assets decreased $226,000 to $3.4 million, or 1.10% of total assets, as of June 30, 2011, compared to $3.6 million, or 1.19% of total assets, as of December 31, 2010. The decrease in nonperforming assets was due to a $320,000 decrease in nonperforming loans, partially offset by a $92,000 increase in real estate owned. Nonperforming loans decreased to $2.8 million as of June 30, 2011, from $3.1 million at December 31, 2010. The decrease in nonperforming loans primarily reflected the transfer of $399,000 of loans into real estate owned.
The following table shows the aggregate principal amount of potential problem credits on the Company’s watch list at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010. All non-accruing loans are automatically placed on the watch list. The decrease in Substandard credits reflected $682,000 in transfers to real estate owned and write-offs and $412,000 in credits upgraded to Special Mention.
| | June 30, 2011 | | | December 31, 2010 | |
| | | |
Special Mention credits | | $ | 4,613,936 | | | $ | 3,942,607 | |
Substandard credits | | | 5,651,846 | | | | 6,975,081 | |
Total watch list credits | | $ | 10,265,782 | | | $ | 10,917,688 | |
Non-Interest Income: Non-interest income decreased $49,000, or 4.8%, to $975,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2011 from $1.0 million for the same period in 2010. The decrease in non-interest income resulted primarily from decreases of $148,000 in gains on the sale of available-for-sale securities, $21,000 in service charges on deposits, and $19,000 in income from mortgage banking operations, partially offset by increases of $134,000 in commission income and $15,000 in income from fiduciary activities. The decrease in gains on the sale of securities reflected a lower volume of sales during the second quarter of 2011. Service charges on deposits decreased primarily due to a lower volume of insufficient fund fees during this same period. The decrease in mortgage banking income was due to a lower volume of loan sales in 2011 due to a lower volume of mortgage originations, which are affected by changes in market interest rates. The increase in commission income and fiduciary activities reflected improved market conditions and growth in customer accounts.
Non-Interest Expense: Total non-interest expense decreased $83,000 to $2.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2011 from $2.5 million for the same period of 2010. The decrease in non-interest expense consisted mainly of decreases of $166,000 in the impairment of mortgage servicing rights, $48,000 in FDIC insurance premiums, and $64,000 in other expense, partially offset by increases of $164,000 in compensation and benefits expense and $23,000 in data processing and telecommunications expense. The decrease in the impairment of mortgage servicing rights was due to a $166,000 impairment charge taken during the second quarter of 2010. FDIC insurance premiums have benefitted from reduced premium rates effective for the second quarter of 2011. The reduction in other expense was primarily due to a decrease of $41,000 in real estate owned expenses, which benefitted by an increase of $36,000 in gains on the sale of real estate owned during the second quarter of 2011 compared to the second quarter of 2010. The increase in compensation and benefits expense resulted from normal salary and benefit cost increases, higher commissions, and expenses related to funding of benefit plans. Data processing and telecommunications expense increased due to expenses related to an ongoing upgrade of our network and telecommunications equipment.
Income Taxes: The provision for income taxes increased $477,000 to $368,000 during the second quarter of 2011 compared to the same period of 2010. The increase in the income tax provision reflected an increase in taxable income due to higher income levels, as well as higher state tax rates, partially offset by an increase in tax-exempt income. The effective tax rate was 28.93% and (151.55)% during the three months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
Comparison of Operating Results for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2011 and 2010
General: Net income for the six months ended June 30, 2011 was $1.6 million, or $0.87 per common share, basic and diluted, compared to net income of $679,000, or $0.35 per common share, basic and diluted, for the six months ended June 30, 2010. The $961,000 increase in net income was due to an increase of $907,000 in net interest income and a decrease of $800,000 in provision for loan losses, partially offset by a decrease of $15,000 in non-interest income and increases of $100,000 in non-interest expense and $631,000 in income taxes.
Interest Income: Total interest income for the six months ended June 30, 2011 increased $400,000, or 6.1%, to $7.0 million from $6.6 million for the same period of 2010. The increase in interest income reflected a $12,000 increase in interest income on loans, a $151,000 increase in interest income on investment securities, a $239,000 increase in interest income on mortgage-backed securities and a $2,000 decrease in other interest-earning assets.
Interest income on loans increased $12,000 to $5.4 million for the first half of 2011 due to an increase in the average balance of loans, partially offset by a decrease in the average yield on loans. The average balance of the loan portfolio increased $2.8 million to $178.3 million for the first six months of 2011. The increase in the average balance of the loan portfolio was primarily due to an increase in the average balance of commercial and agricultural real estate loans. The average yield on loans decreased to 6.02% during the first six months of 2011 from 6.10% during the first six months of 2010. The decrease primarily reflected the low interest rate environment.
Interest income on investment securities increased $151,000 to $1.0 million for the first half of 2011 from $851,000 for the first half of 2010. The increase reflected a $10.9 million increase in the average balance of the investment securities portfolio to $56.8 million during the first six months of 2011, compared to $45.9 million for the first six months of 2010. The increase in the average balance of investment securities was primarily due to the investment of funds from the capital raised during our 2010 second step offering and the lack of corresponding loan demand. The average yield of investment securities decreased to 3.53% during the first six months of 2011 from 3.71% for the first six months of 2010 due to purchases of newer securities at lower interest rates. The average yield does not reflect the benefit of the higher tax-equivalent yield of our municipal bonds, which is reflected in income tax expense.
Interest income on mortgage-backed securities increased $239,000 to $647,000 for the first half of 2011, compared to $408,000 for the first half of 2010. The increase reflected a 67 basis point increase in the average yield of mortgage-backed securities to 2.93% for the first six months of 2011, compared to 2.26% for the first six months of 2010. The average yield on mortgage-backed securities has benefitted from reduced premium amortization resulting from slower national prepayment speeds on mortgage-backed securities. The amortization of premiums on mortgage-backed securities, which reduces the average yield, decreased $270,000 to $196,000 during first half of 2011, compared to $466,000 during the first half of 2010. Interest income on mortgage-backed securities also benefitted from an $8.0 million increase in the average balance of mortgage-backed securities to $44.2 million during the first half of 2011 due to the investment of funds from the capital raised during our 2010 second step offering.
Interest income on other interest-earning assets, which consisted of interest-earning deposit accounts and federal funds sold, decreased $2,000 to $2,000 during the first half of 2011 primarily due to a decrease in the average yield. The average yield on other interest-earning assets decreased to 0.07% during the first six months of 2011 from 0.12% during the first six months of 2010. The average balance of these accounts also decreased $1.3 million to $6.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2011 compared to $7.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010.
Interest Expense: Total interest expense decreased $507,000, or 24.6%, to $1.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2011 compared to $2.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010. The lower interest expense was due to a $512,000 decrease in the cost of deposits, partially offset by a $5,000 increase in the cost of borrowed funds.
Interest expense on deposits decreased $512,000 to $1.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2011 compared to $2.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010. The decrease in interest expense on deposits was primarily due to a 47 basis point decrease in the average rate paid to 1.30% during the first half of 2011 from 1.77% during the first half of 2010. The decrease reflected low short-term market interest rates which continued during 2011. The decrease in the average rate paid was partially offset by a $4.3 million increase in the average balance of deposits to $237.5 million for the first half of 2011, compared to $233.2 million for the first half of 2010.
Interest paid on borrowed funds increased $5,000 to $10,000 for the first half of 2011 due to increases in the average cost and in the average balance of borrowings. The average rate paid on borrowed funds increased to 0.47% during the first six months of 2011 compared to 0.30% during the first six months of 2010. The average balance of borrowed funds also increased to $4.2 million during the first six months of 2011 compared to $3.1 million during the same period of 2010.
Net Interest Income. As a result of the changes in interest income and interest expense noted above, net interest income increased by $907,000, or 19.9%, to $5.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2011 from $4.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010. Our interest rate spread increased by 38 basis points to 3.62% during the first half of 2011 from 3.24% during the first half of 2010. Our net interest margin increased 39 basis points to 3.82% for the first half of 2011 from 3.43% for the first half of 2010. Our net interest income continues to benefit from a steeper than normal yield curve. Low short-term market interest rates have resulted in our cost of funds decreasing faster than the yield on our loans.
Provision for Loan Losses: The provision for loan losses is determined by management as the amount needed to replenish the allowance for loan losses, after net charge-offs have been deducted, to a level considered adequate to absorb inherent losses in the loan portfolio, in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The following table shows the activity in the allowance for loan losses for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010.
| | Six Months Ended | |
| | June 30, 2011 | | | June 30, 2010 | |
| | | |
Balance at beginning of period | | $ | 2,964,285 | | | $ | 2,290,001 | |
Charge-offs: | | | | | | | | |
One-to-four family residential | | | 32,211 | | | | 21,046 | |
Commercial real estate | | | 260,785 | | | | 718,806 | |
Home equity | | | 4,162 | | | | 52,948 | |
Consumer | | | 1,097 | | | | 6,062 | |
Total | | | 298,255 | | | | 798,862 | |
Recoveries: | | | | | | | | |
One-to-four family residential | | | - | | | | 20,941 | |
Commercial real estate | | | 8,842 | | | | 4,288 | |
Commercial business | | | 153,809 | | | | - | |
Home equity | | | 5,142 | | | | 11,424 | |
Consumer | | | 2,003 | | | | 6,813 | |
Total | | | 169,796 | | | | 43,466 | |
Net loan charge-offs | | | 128,459 | | | | 755,396 | |
Additions charged to operations | | | 325,000 | | | | 1,125,000 | |
Balance at end of period | | $ | 3,160,826 | | | $ | 2,659,605 | |
The allowance for loan losses increased $501,000 to $3.2 million at June 30, 2011, from $2.7 million at June 30, 2010. The increase was the result of the provision for loan losses exceeding net charge-offs. The provision decreased $800,000 to $325,000 during the first six months of 2011, compared to $1.1 million during the first six months of 2010. Net charge-offs decreased $627,000 to $128,000 during the first half of 2011, compared to $755,000 during the first half of 2010. The decrease in the provision during 2011 reflected the lower level of charge-offs. While the level of charge-offs decreased during 2011 compared to 2010, the historically higher level of charge-offs for both years have resulted in an increase in our average loss factors. The higher level of charge-offs was concentrated in our commercial and commercial real estate loan portfolios, and have contributed to the higher balance of the allowance for loan losses.
Non-Interest Income: Non-interest income decreased $15,000, or 0.8%, to $2.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2011. The decrease in non-interest income resulted primarily from decreases of $235,000 in gains on the sale of available-for-sale securities, $59,000 in net income from mortgage banking operations, and $33,000 in service charges on deposits, partially offset by increases of $286,000 in commission income and $33,000 in income from fiduciary activities. The decrease in mortgage banking operations income was due to a lower volume of loan sales in 2011, as we sold $7.5 million of loans to the secondary market during the first half of 2011, compared to $10.9 million during the same period of 2010. The lower volume of sales reflected a lower volume of mortgage originations, which are affected by changes in market interest rates. The decrease in gains on the sale of securities reflected a lower volume of sales during 2011. Service charges on deposits decreased primarily due to a lower volume of insufficient fund fees during 2011. The increase in commission income and fiduciary activities reflected improved market conditions and growth in customer accounts.
Non-Interest Expense: Total non-interest expense increased $100,000, or 2.1%, to $4.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2011 from $4.7 million for the same period of 2010. The increase in non-interest expense consisted mainly of increases of $304,000 in compensation and benefits expense and $52,000 in data processing and telecommunications, partially offset by decreases of $166,000 in the impairment of mortgage servicing rights, $54,000 in FDIC insurance premiums, and $46,000 in other expense. The increase in compensation and benefits expense resulted from normal salary and benefit cost increases, higher commissions, and expenses related to funding of benefit plans. Data processing and telecommunications expense increased due to expenses related to an ongoing upgrade of our network and telecommunications equipment. The decrease in the impairment of mortgage servicing rights was due to a $166,000 impairment charge taken during the second quarter of 2010. FDIC insurance premiums have benefitted from reduced premium rates effective for the second quarter of 2011. The reduction in other expense was primarily due to a decrease of $50,000 in real estate owned expenses, which benefitted from $31,000 in gains on the sale of real estate owned during the first six months of 2011 compared to $30,000 in losses on the sale of real estate owned during the same period of 2010.
Income Taxes: The provision for income taxes increased $631,000 to $632,000 during the first six months of 2011 compared to $1,000 during the same period of 2010. The increase in the income tax provision reflected an increase in taxable income due to higher income as well as higher state tax rates, partially offset by an increase in the benefit of tax-exempt income. The effective tax rate was 27.82% and 0.09% during the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The Company’s most liquid assets are cash and cash equivalents. The levels of these assets are dependent on the Company’s operating, financing, and investing activities. At June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, cash and cash equivalents totaled $5.6 million and $8.9 million, respectively. The Company’s primary sources of funds include principal and interest repayments on loans (both scheduled payments and prepayments), maturities of investment securities and principal repayments from mortgage-backed securities (both scheduled payments and prepayments). During the past six months, the most significant sources of funds have been calls and sales of investment securities, and principal repayments on loans and mortgage-backed securities. These funds have been used primarily for purchases of U.S. Agency, municipal and mortgage-backed securities.
While scheduled loan repayments and proceeds from maturing investment securities and principal repayments on mortgage-backed securities are relatively predictable, deposit flows and prepayments are more influenced by interest rates, general economic conditions, and competition. The Company attempts to price its deposits to meet asset-liability objectives and stay competitive with local market conditions.
Liquidity management is both a short- and long-term responsibility of management. The Company adjusts its investments in liquid assets based upon management’s assessment of (i) expected loan demand, (ii) projected purchases of investment and mortgage-backed securities, (iii) expected deposit flows, (iv) yields available on interest-bearing deposits, and (v) liquidity of its asset/liability management program. Excess liquidity is generally invested in interest-earning overnight deposits and other short-term U.S. agency obligations. If the Company requires funds beyond its ability to generate them internally, it has the ability to borrow funds from the FHLB. The Company may borrow from the FHLB under a blanket agreement which assigns all investments in FHLB stock as well as qualifying first mortgage loans equal to 150% of the outstanding balance as collateral to secure the amounts borrowed. This borrowing arrangement is limited to a maximum of 30% of the Company’s total assets or twenty times the balance of FHLB stock held by the Company. At June 30, 2011, the Company had no outstanding FHLB advances and approximately $22.3 million available to it under the above-mentioned borrowing arrangement.
The Company maintains minimum levels of liquid assets as established by the Board of Directors. The Company’s liquidity ratios at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 were 36.8% and 34.2%, respectively. This ratio represents the volume of short-term liquid assets as a percentage of net deposits and borrowings due within one year.
The Company must also maintain adequate levels of liquidity to ensure the availability of funds to satisfy loan commitments. The Company anticipates that it will have sufficient funds available to meet its current commitments principally through the use of current liquid assets and through its borrowing capacity discussed above. The following table summarizes these commitments at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010.
| | June 30, 2011 | | | December 31, 2010 | |
| | (In thousands) | |
Commitments to fund loans | | $ | 38,302 | | | $ | 36,871 | |
Standby letters of credit | | | 401 | | | | 453 | |
Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Company to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the table below) of total and Tier 1 capital (as defined in the regulations) to risk-weighted assets (as defined) and Tier 1 capital (as defined) to average assets (as defined). Management believes that at June 30, 2011, the Company met all its capital adequacy requirements.
Under Illinois law, Illinois-chartered savings banks are required to maintain a minimum core capital to total assets ratio of 3%. The Illinois Commissioner of Savings and Residential Finance (the “Commissioner”) is authorized to require a savings bank to maintain a higher minimum capital level if the Commissioner determines that the savings bank’s financial condition or history, management or earnings prospects are not adequate. If a savings bank’s core capital ratio falls below the required level, the Commissioner may direct the savings bank to adhere to a specific written plan established by the Commissioner to correct the savings bank’s capital deficiency, as well as a number of other restrictions on the savings bank’s operations, including a prohibition on the declaration of dividends by the savings bank’s board of directors. At June 30, 2011, the Bank’s core capital ratio was 9.75% of total average assets, which substantially exceeded the required amount.
The Bank is also required to maintain regulatory capital requirements imposed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The Bank must have: (i) Tier 1 Capital to Average Assets of 4.0%, (ii) Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets of 4.0%, and (iii) Total Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets of 8.0%. At June 30, 2011, minimum requirements and the Bank’s actual ratios are as follows:
| | June 30, 2011 | | | December 31, 2010 | | | Minimum | |
| | Actual | | | Actual | | | Required | |
Tier 1 Capital to Average Assets | | | 9.75 | % | | | 9.25 | % | | | 4.00 | % |
Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets | | | 14.40 | % | | | 13.52 | % | | | 4.00 | % |
Total Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets | | | 15.66 | % | | | 14.77 | % | | | 8.00 | % |
Effect of Inflation and Changing Prices
The consolidated financial statements and related financial data presented herein have been prepared in accordance with GAAP which require the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars, without considering the change in the relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation. The impact of inflation is reflected in the increased cost of the Company’s operations. Unlike most industrial companies, virtually all the assets and liabilities of a financial institution are monetary in nature. As a result, interest rates generally have a more significant impact on a financial institution’s performance than do general levels of inflation. Interest rates do not necessarily move in the same direction or to the same extent as the prices of goods and services.