| Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies | BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES We have presented the consolidated financial statements of BWX Technologies, Inc. ("BWXT") in U.S. dollars in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP"). We use the equity method to account for investments in entities that we do not control, but over which we have the ability to exercise significant influence. We generally refer to these entities as "joint ventures." We have eliminated all intercompany transactions and accounts. We classify assets and liabilities related to long-term contracts as current using the duration of the related contract or program as our operating cycle, which is generally longer than one year. We have reclassified certain amounts previously reported to conform to the presentation at December 31, 2022 and for the year ended December 31, 2022. We present the notes to our consolidated financial statements on the basis of continuing operations, unless otherwise stated. Unless the context otherwise indicates, "we," "us" and "our" mean BWXT and its consolidated subsidiaries. Reportable Segments We operate in two reportable segments: Government Operations and Commercial Operations. Our reportable segments reflect changes we made during the first quarter of 2022 to better align our businesses by their government and commercial nature, which reflects the manner in which our operating segment information is reported for purposes of assessing operating performance and allocating resources. Prior to 2022, we reported three segments: Nuclear Operations Group, Nuclear Power Group and Nuclear Services Group. Our Government Operations segment consists of our legacy Nuclear Operations Group and Nuclear Services Group segments with certain research and development activities in the areas of advanced reactors and advanced manufacturing. Our Commercial Operations segment consists of our legacy Nuclear Power Group segment with certain research and development and commercialization activities in the areas of medical and industrial radioisotopes and radiopharmaceuticals. Both segments now include research and development and certain commercialization activities associated with new technologies previously reported outside of our reportable segments. The change in our reportable segments had no impact on our previously reported consolidated results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. We have applied the change in reportable segments to previously reported historical financial information and related disclosures included in this annual report on Form 10-K. Our reportable segments are further described as follows: • Our Government Operations segment manufactures naval nuclear reactors, including the related nuclear fuel, for the U.S. Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program for use in submarines and aircraft carriers. Through this segment, we also fabricate fuel-bearing precision components that range in weight from a few grams to hundreds of tons, manufacture electro-mechanical equipment, perform design, manufacturing, inspection, assembly and testing activities and downblend Cold War-era government stockpiles of high-enriched uranium. In addition, we supply proprietary and sole-source valves, manifolds and fittings to global naval and commercial shipping customers. In-house capabilities also include wet chemistry uranium processing, advanced heat treatment to optimize component material properties and a controlled, clean-room environment with the capacity to assemble railcar-size components. This segment also provides various other services, primarily through joint ventures, to the U.S. Government including nuclear materials management and operation, environmental management and administrative and operating services for various U.S. Government-owned facilities. These services are provided to the U.S. Department of Energy ("DOE"), including the National Nuclear Security Administration, the Office of Nuclear Energy, the Office of Science and the Office of Environmental Management, the Department of Defense and NASA. In addition, this segment also develops technology for advanced nuclear reactors for a variety of power and propulsion applications in the space and terrestrial domains and offers complete advanced nuclear fuel and reactor design and engineering, licensing and manufacturing services for these programs. • Our Commercial Operations segment fabricates commercial nuclear steam generators, nuclear fuel, fuel handling systems, pressure vessels, reactor components, heat exchangers, tooling delivery systems and other auxiliary equipment, including containers for the storage of spent nuclear fuel and other high-level waste and supplies nuclear-grade materials and precisely machined components for nuclear utility customers. We have supplied the nuclear industry with more than 1,300 large, heavy components worldwide, and we are the only commercial heavy nuclear component manufacturer in North America. This segment also provides specialized engineering services that include structural component design, 3-D thermal-hydraulic engineering analysis, weld and robotic process development, electrical and controls engineering and metallurgy and materials engineering. In addition, this segment offers in-plant inspection, maintenance and modification services for nuclear steam generators, heat exchangers, reactors, fuel handling systems and balance of plant equipment, as well as specialized non-destructive examination and tooling/repair solutions. This segment also manufactures medical radioisotopes, radiopharmaceuticals and medical devices, and partners with life science and pharmaceutical companies developing new drugs. See Note 15 and Note 3 for financial information about our segments. Recently Adopted Accounting Standards There were no accounting standards adopted during the year ended December 31, 2022 that had a significant impact on our financial position, results of operations, cash flows or disclosures. Use of Estimates We use estimates and assumptions to prepare our financial statements in conformity with GAAP. Some of our more significant estimates include estimates of costs to complete long-term contracts and the associated revenues, estimates of the fair value of acquired intangible and other assets, estimates we make in selecting assumptions related to the valuations of our pension and postretirement benefit plans, including the selection of our discount rates, mortality and expected rates of return on our pension plan assets and estimates we make in evaluating our asset retirement obligations. These estimates and assumptions affect the amounts we report in our financial statements and accompanying notes. Our actual results could differ from these estimates. Variances could result in a material effect on our financial condition and results of operations in future periods. Contracts and Revenue Recognition We generally recognize contract revenues and related costs over time for individual performance obligations based on a cost-to-cost method in accordance with FASB Topic Revenue from Contracts with Customers . We recognize estimated contract revenue and resulting income based on the measurement of the extent of progress toward completion as a percentage of the total project. Certain costs may be excluded from the cost-to-cost method of measuring progress, such as significant costs for uninstalled materials, if such costs do not depict our performance in transferring control of goods or services to the customer. We review contract price and cost estimates periodically as the work progresses and reflect adjustments proportionate to the percentage-of-completion in income in the period when those estimates are revised. Certain of our contracts recognize revenue at a point in time, and revenue on these contracts is recognized when control transfers to the customer. The majority of our revenue that is recognized at a point in time is related to parts and certain medical radioisotopes and radiopharmaceuticals in our Commercial Operations segment. For all contracts, if a current estimate of total contract cost indicates a loss on a contract, the projected loss is recognized in full when determined. See Note 3 for a further discussion of revenue recognition. Stock-Based Compensation We expense stock-based compensation in accordance with FASB Topic Compensation – Stock Compensation. Under this topic, the fair value of equity-classified awards, such as restricted stock, performance shares and stock options, is determined on the date of grant and is not remeasured. The fair value of liability-classified awards, such as cash-settled stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units and performance units, is determined on the date of grant and is remeasured at the end of each reporting period through the date of settlement. Grant date fair values for restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance shares and performance units are determined using the closing price of our common stock on the date of grant. Under the provisions of this FASB topic, we recognize expense for all share-based awards granted on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods of the awards, which is generally equivalent to the vesting term. This topic requires compensation expense to be recognized such that compensation expense is recorded only for those awards expected to vest. As a result, we periodically review the amount of actual forfeitures and record any adjustments deemed necessary each reporting period. We also recognize excess tax benefits in our provision for income taxes. These excess tax benefits result from tax deductions in excess of the cumulative compensation expense recognized for options exercised and other equity-classified awards. See Note 9 for a further discussion of stock-based compensation. Grant Accounting We recognize amounts related to grants as a reduction of expense in the period in which the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate are recognized and we are reasonably assured to receive payment. On April 11, 2020, the Canadian Government enacted the Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy ("CEWS") under the COVID-19 Economic Response Plan to prevent large layoffs and help employers offset a portion of their employee salaries and wages for a limited period. During the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, we recognized subsidies under the CEWS as offsets to operating expenses of $0.6 million, $5.4 million and $20.4 million, respectively. Research and Development Our research and development activities are related to the development and improvement of new and existing products and equipment, as well as conceptual and engineering evaluation for translation into practical applications. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred, unless these costs relate to customer-sponsored activities where we are reimbursed in accordance with the terms of the underlying contracts. Amounts expensed as incurred for company-funded research and development projects are included in Research and development costs. Costs related to contracts with customers for customer-sponsored research and development projects are included as a contract cost in Cost of operations whereby we recognize revenue, consistent with our revenue recognition policies. Additionally, we may enter into cost-sharing arrangements with our customers to enhance our internal development capabilities and offset a portion of the costs incurred related to these development efforts. Research and development activities totaled $45.4 million, $31.4 million and $40.8 million in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. This includes amounts paid for by our customers of $35.9 million, $20.3 million and $26.6 million in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Capitalization of Interest Cost We capitalize interest in accordance with FASB Topic Interest . We incurred total interest of $53.9 million, $51.1 million and $40.8 million in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, of which we capitalized $17.5 million, $15.3 million and $9.8 million in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Income Taxes Income tax expense for federal, foreign, state and local income taxes is calculated on pre-tax income based on current tax law and includes the cumulative effect of any changes in tax rates from those used previously in determining deferred tax assets and liabilities. We record a valuation allowance to reduce our deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. We assess deferred taxes and the adequacy of the valuation allowance on a quarterly basis. In the ordinary course of business, there is inherent uncertainty in quantifying our income tax positions. We assess our income tax positions and record tax benefits for all years subject to examination based upon management's evaluation of the facts, circumstances and information available at the reporting date. For those tax positions where it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, we have recorded the largest amount of tax benefit with a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. For those income tax positions where it is not more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, no tax benefit has been recognized in the financial statements. We record interest and penalties (net of any applicable tax benefit) related to income taxes as a component of Provision for Income Taxes on our consolidated statements of income. We would be subject to withholding taxes if we were to distribute earnings from certain foreign subsidiaries, and unrecognized deferred income tax liabilities, including withholding taxes, would be payable upon distribution of these earnings. We consider the earnings of our non-U.S. subsidiaries to be permanently reinvested. Earnings Per Share We have computed earnings per common share on the basis of the weighted-average number of common shares, and, where dilutive, common share equivalents, outstanding during the indicated periods. We issue a number of forms of stock-based compensation periodically, including incentive and non-qualified stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance shares and performance units, subject to satisfaction of specific performance goals. We include the shares applicable to these plans in our computation of diluted earnings per share when related performance criteria have been met. Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents Our cash equivalents are highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less when we purchase them. We record cash and cash equivalents as restricted when we are unable to freely use such cash and cash equivalents for our general operating purposes. At December 31, 2022, we had restricted cash and cash equivalents totaling $5.7 million, $2.8 million of which was held for future decommissioning of facilities (which is included in Other Assets on our consolidated balance sheets) and $2.9 million of which was held to meet reinsurance reserve requirements of our captive insurer. The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents on our consolidated balance sheets to the totals presented on our consolidated statements of cash flows: December 31, 2022 2021 (In thousands) Cash and cash equivalents $ 35,244 $ 33,891 Restricted cash and cash equivalents 2,928 2,896 Restricted cash and cash equivalents included in Other Assets 2,818 2,988 Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents as presented on our consolidated statements of cash flows $ 40,990 $ 39,775 Investments Our investment portfolio consists primarily of U.S. Government securities, corporate bonds and mutual funds. Our debt securities are carried at fair value and are either classified as trading, with unrealized gains and losses reported in earnings, or as available-for-sale, with the unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, reported as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive income. Our equity securities are carried at fair value with the unrealized gains and losses reported in earnings. We classify investments available for current operations in the consolidated balance sheets as current assets, while we classify investments held for long-term purposes as noncurrent assets. We adjust the amortized cost of debt securities for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity, and such adjustments are included in Interest income. We include realized gains and losses on our investments in Other – net. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. We include interest on investments in Interest income. Inventories We carry our inventory at the lower of cost or net realizable value using either the weighted-average or first-in, first-out methods. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, Other current assets included inventories totaling $22.9 million and $16.3 million, respectively, consisting entirely of raw materials and supplies. Property, Plant and Equipment We carry our property, plant and equipment at depreciated cost, less any impairment provisions. We depreciate our property, plant and equipment using the straight-line method over estimated economic useful lives of eight three Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost and is set forth below: December 31, 2022 2021 (In thousands) Land $ 9,844 $ 9,538 Buildings 365,955 321,872 Machinery and equipment 1,026,024 957,423 Property under construction 515,494 487,856 1,917,317 1,776,689 Less: Accumulated depreciation 782,420 731,049 Property, Plant and Equipment, Net $ 1,134,897 $ 1,045,640 Goodwill Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of our acquired businesses over the fair value of the net assets acquired. We perform testing of goodwill for impairment annually or more frequently whenever events or circumstances indicate the carrying value of goodwill may be impaired. We may elect to perform a qualitative test when we believe that there is sufficient excess fair value over carrying value based on our most recent quantitative assessment, adjusted for relevant events and circumstances that could affect fair value during the current year. If we conclude based on this assessment that it is more likely than not that the reporting unit is not impaired, we do not perform a quantitative impairment test. In all other circumstances, we compare the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, no impairment charge is recorded. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment charge is recorded to goodwill in the amount by which carrying value exceeds fair value. The following summarizes the changes in the carrying amount of Goodwill: Government Operations Commercial Operations Total (In thousands) Balance at December 31, 2020 $ 155,939 $ 127,769 $ 283,708 Translation — 1,794 1,794 Balance at December 31, 2021 $ 155,939 $ 129,563 $ 285,502 Acquisitions (Note 2) 16,609 — 16,609 Translation (461) (8,485) (8,946) Balance at December 31, 2022 $ 172,087 $ 121,078 $ 293,165 Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliates We use the equity method of accounting for affiliates in which we are able to exert significant influence. Currently, all of our material investments in affiliates that are not consolidated are recorded using the equity method. Affiliates in which we are unable to exert significant influence are carried at fair value. Intangible Assets Intangible assets are recognized at fair value when acquired. Intangible assets with definite lives are amortized to Costs and Expenses using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives and tested for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Intangible assets with indefinite lives are not amortized and are subject to annual impairment testing. We may elect to perform a qualitative assessment when testing indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment to determine whether events or circumstances affecting significant inputs related to the most recent quantitative evaluation have occurred, indicating that it is more likely than not that the indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired. Otherwise, we test indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment by quantitatively determining the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset and comparing the fair value of the intangible asset to its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of the intangible asset exceeds its fair value, we recognize impairment for the amount of the difference. Our Intangible Assets were as follows: December 31, 2022 2021 2020 (In thousands) Amortized intangible assets: Gross cost: Technical support agreement $ 65,069 $ 69,781 $ 68,785 Customer relationships 56,176 40,247 39,954 Unpatented technology 39,609 38,073 37,529 CNSC class 1B nuclear facility license 25,094 26,911 26,528 Acquired backlog 13,537 7,595 7,487 Patented technology 738 792 780 All other 812 871 858 Total $ 201,035 $ 184,270 $ 181,921 Accumulated amortization: Technical support agreement $ (12,495) $ (10,366) $ (7,227) Customer relationships (20,590) (18,176) (15,996) Unpatented technology (7,966) (6,398) (4,584) CNSC class 1B nuclear facility license (5,052) (4,521) (3,573) Acquired backlog (4,474) (2,531) (1,248) Patented technology (405) (363) (286) All other (271) (194) (86) Total $ (51,253) $ (42,549) $ (33,000) Net amortized intangible assets $ 149,782 $ 141,721 $ 148,921 Unamortized intangible assets: NRC category 1 license $ 43,830 $ 43,830 $ 43,830 The following summarizes the changes in the carrying amount of Intangible Assets: Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 (In thousands) Balance at beginning of period $ 185,551 $ 192,751 $ 191,392 Acquisitions (Note 2) 28,500 — 8,180 Amortization expense (10,901) (9,329) (8,824) Translation and other (1) (9,538) 2,129 2,003 Balance at end of period $ 193,612 $ 185,551 $ 192,751 (1) Includes $(0.6) million related to the divestiture of the U.S.-based commercial nuclear services business during the year ended December 31, 2020. Estimated amortization expense for the next five fiscal years is as follows (amounts in thousands): Year Ended December 31, Amount 2023 $ 11,328 2024 $ 11,328 2025 $ 11,328 2026 $ 10,147 2027 $ 8,552 Leases We lease certain manufacturing facilities, office space and equipment under operating leases with terms of one one Other Assets Accrued liabilities – other Other Liabilities During the year ended December 31, 2022, we recognized lease expense of $8.6 million, which included $1.6 million related to the amortization of favorable lease agreements, and paid cash of $6.6 million for our operating leases. During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we recognized lease expense of $8.4 million and $7.7 million, respectively. At December 31, 2022, our weighted-average remaining lease term was 13.9 years, and for the purpose of measuring the present value of our lease liabilities, the weighted-average discount rate was 4.72%. The maturities of our lease liabilities at December 31, 2022 were as follows (amounts in thousands): 2023 $ 4,546 2024 3,647 2025 3,026 2026 2,426 2027 1,609 Thereafter 15,824 Total lease payments $ 31,078 Less: Interest (8,673) Present value of lease liabilities (1) $ 22,405 (1) Includes current lease liabilities of $4.4 million. At December 31, 2022, our right-of-use assets totaled $49.6 million. The difference between our right-of-use assets and lease liabilities primarily resulted from favorable lease agreements related to acquisitions. Warranty Expense We accrue estimated warranty expense, included in Cost of operations on our consolidated statements of income, to satisfy contractual warranty requirements when we recognize the associated revenue on the related contracts. In addition, we record specific provisions or reductions where we expect the actual warranty costs to significantly differ from the accrued estimates. Such changes could have a material effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Included in Accrued liabilities – other on our consolidated balance sheets were accrued warranty expenses totaling $6.6 million and $5.3 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Deferred Debt Issuance Costs We have included deferred debt issuance costs in the consolidated balance sheets as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of our debt liability. We amortize deferred debt issuance costs as interest expense over the life of the related debt. The following summarizes the changes in the carrying amount of these assets: Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 (In thousands) Balance at beginning of period $ 10,696 $ 12,269 $ 8,006 Additions 2,405 4,838 6,803 Interest expense (1) (1,975) (6,411) (2,540) Balance at end of period $ 11,126 $ 10,696 $ 12,269 (1) Includes the recognition of prior deferred debt issuance costs associated with former debt instruments of $(4.2) million and $(0.7) million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Pension Plans and Postretirement Benefits We sponsor various defined benefit pension and postretirement benefit plans covering certain employees of our U.S. and Canadian subsidiaries. We utilize actuarial valuations to calculate the cost and benefit obligations of our pension and postretirement benefits. The actuarial valuations utilize significant assumptions in the determination of our benefit cost and obligations, including assumptions regarding discount rates, expected returns on plan assets, mortality and health care cost trends. We determine our discount rate based on a yield curve comprising rates of return on high-quality, fixed-income investments currently available and expected to be available during the period to maturity of our pension and postretirement benefit plan obligations. The expected rate of return on plan assets assumption is based on capital market assumptions of the long-term expected returns for the investment mix of assets currently in the portfolio. The expected rate of return on plan assets is determined to be the weighted-average of the nominal returns based on the weightings of the classes within the total asset portfolio. Expected health care cost trends represent expected annual rates of change in the cost of health care benefits and are estimated based on analysis of health care cost inflation. The components of benefit cost related to service cost, interest cost, expected return on plan assets and prior service cost amortization are recorded on a quarterly basis based on actuarial assumptions. In the fourth quarter of each year, or as interim remeasurements are required, we immediately recognize net actuarial gains and losses in earnings as a component of net periodic benefit cost. Recognized net actuarial gains and losses consist primarily of our reported actuarial gains and losses and the difference between the actual return on plan assets and the expected return on plan assets. We recognize the funded status of each plan as either an asset or a liability in the consolidated balance sheets. The funded status is the difference between the fair value of plan assets and the present value of its benefit obligation, determined on a plan-by-plan basis. Our pension plan assets can include assets that are difficult to value. See Note 7 for detailed information regarding our plan assets. Asset Retirement Obligations and Environmental Cleanup Costs We accrue for future decommissioning of our nuclear facilities that will permit the release of these facilities to unrestricted use at the end of each facility's service life, which is a requirement of our licenses from the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission ("NRC") and the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission ("CNSC"). In accordance with the FASB Topic Asset Retirement and Environmental Obligations, we record the fair value of a liability for an asset retirement obligation in the period in which it is incurred. When we initially record such a liability, we capitalize a cost by increasing the carrying amount of the related long-lived asset. When we acquire a business that has an asset retirement obligation, the asset retirement obligation is recognized at fair value without a corresponding increase to the related long-lived asset. Over time, the liability is accreted to its present value each period and the capitalized cost is depreciated over the useful life of the related asset. Upon settlement of a liability, we will settle the obligation for its recorded amount or incur a gain or loss. This topic applies to environmental liabilities associated with assets that we currently operate and are obligated to remove from service. For environmental liabilities associated with assets that we no longer operate, we have accrued amounts based on the estimated costs of cleanup activities for which we are responsible, net of any cost-sharing arrangements. We adjust the estimated costs as further information develops or circumstances change. Given the long-lived nature of these facilities, we are required to estimate retirement costs that will be incurred in the future, which may extend up to 40 years at the time the asset retirement obligation is established. Due to the significance of the remaining useful life of these facilities, the timing of retirement and future costs for material components of the asset retirement obligations, such as labor and waste disposal fees, could differ from our estimates. An exception to this accounting treatment relates to the work we perform for two facilities for which the U.S. Government is obligated to pay substantially all of the decommissioning costs. Substantially all of our asset retirement obligations relate to the remediation of our nuclear analytical laboratory at our facility in Lynchburg, Virginia and the Nuclear Fuel Services, Inc. ("NFS") facility in our Government Operations segment as well as certain facilities in our Commercial Operations segment. The following summarizes the changes in the carrying amount of these liabilities: Year Ended December 31, 2022 2021 2020 (In thousands) Balance at beginning of period $ 84,132 $ 78,110 $ 77,288 Costs incurred (1,223) (215) (1,608) Additions/adjustments (4,289) — (3,284) Accretion 5,158 5,996 5,343 Translation (1,266) 241 371 Balance at end of period (1) $ 82,512 $ 84,132 $ 78,110 (1) Includes current asset retirement obligations of $4.7 million, $4.7 million and $2.8 million at December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Self-Insurance We have a wholly owned insurance subsidiary that provides employer's liability, general and automotive liability and primary workers' compensation insurance and, from time to time, builder's risk insurance (within certain limits) to our companies. We may also, in the future, have this insurance subsidiary accept other risks that we cannot or do not wish to transfer to outside insurance companies. Included in Other Liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets were reserves for self-insurance totaling $4.2 million and $4.5 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Loss Contingencies We accrue liabilities for loss contingencies when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss is reasonably estimable. We provide disclosure when there is a reasonable possibility that the ultimate loss will exceed the recorded provision or if such probable loss is not reasonably estimable. Due to the nature of our business, we are, from time to time, involved in investigations, litigation, disputes or claims related to our business activities, as discussed in Note 10. Our losses are typically resolved over long periods of time and are often difficult to assess and estimate due to, among other reasons, the possibility of multiple actions by third parties; the attribution of damages, if any, among multiple defendants; plaintiffs, in most cases involving personal injury claims, do not specify the amount of damages claimed; the discovery process may take multiple years to complete; during the litigation process, it is common to have multiple complex unresolved procedural and substantive issues; the potential availability of insurance and indemnity coverages; the wide-ranging outcomes reached in similar case |
