Stock-Based Compensation | 3 Months Ended |
Mar. 31, 2015 |
Compensation Related Costs [Abstract] | |
Stock-Based Compensation | Stock-Based Compensation |
The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense related to stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, and market-based stock units granted to employees and directors in exchange for services and employee stock purchases related to the Company's 2013 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, or the ESPP. Stock-based compensation expense is based on the fair value of the applicable award utilizing various assumptions regarding the underlying attributes of the award. Stock-based compensation expense is recorded in cost of sales, sales and marketing, research and development, and general and administration expenses based on the employee's respective function. |
The estimated fair value of stock options granted, net of forfeitures expected to occur during the vesting period, is amortized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis to reflect vesting as it occurs. The expense is derived from the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model that uses several judgment-based variables to calculate the expense. The inputs include the expected term of the stock option, the expected volatility and other factors. |
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• | Expected Term. Expected term represents the period that the stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding and is determined by using the simplified method. | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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• | Expected Volatility. Expected volatility represents the volatility in the Company’s estimated stock price over the expected term of the stock option and is determined by review of the Company’s and similar companies’ historical experience. | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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• | Expected Dividend. The Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model calls for a single expected dividend yield as an input. The Company assumed no dividends as it has never paid dividends and has no current plans to do so. | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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• | Risk-Free Interest Rate. The risk-free interest rate used in the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model is based on published U.S. Treasury rates in effect at the time of grant for periods corresponding with the expected term of the option. | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The compensation expense related to the grant of restricted stock awards or units is calculated as the fair market value of the stock on the grant date as further adjusted to reflect expected forfeitures. |
Employee participation in the Company's 2010 Equity Incentive Plan, or the 2010 Plan, is at the discretion of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company. All stock options granted under the 2010 Plan are exercisable at a per share price equal to the closing quoted market price of a share of the Company’s stock on the NASDAQ Global Market on the grant date and generally vest over a period of between one and four years. |
Stock options are generally exercisable for a period of up to 10 years after grant and are typically forfeited if employment is terminated before the options vest. As of March 31, 2015, there were 282,659 shares available for future grant under the 2010 Plan. Each grant of stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and market-based stock units reduces the number of shares available for grant under the 2010 Plan. |
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The following table summarizes stock option activity during the three months ended March 31, 2015: |
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| Number of | | Weighted | | | | | | | |
Shares | Average | | | | | | | |
| Exercise Price | | | | | | | |
Outstanding at December 31, 2014 | 2,479,435 | | | $ | 8.66 | | | | | | | | |
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Granted | 747,950 | | | $ | 13.17 | | | | | | | | |
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Exercised | -43,846 | | | $ | 4.99 | | | | | | | | |
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Cancelled | -9,808 | | | $ | 11.46 | | | | | | | | |
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Outstanding at March 31, 2015 | 3,173,731 | | | $ | 9.77 | | | | | | | | |
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Vested and expected to vest at March 31, 2015 | 2,801,937 | | | $ | 7.06 | | | | | | | | |
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Exercisable at March 31, 2015 | 1,486,655 | | | $ | 7.06 | | | | | | | | |
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The weighted average fair value of stock options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2015 was $6.44. Options that were exercisable as of March 31, 2015 had a remaining weighted average contractual term of 6.09 years, and an aggregate intrinsic value of $8,844,383. As of March 31, 2015, there were 3,173,731 stock options outstanding, which had a remaining weighted average contractual term of 7.75 years and an aggregate intrinsic value of $10,419,803. |
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Valuation of Stock-Based Awards |
The assumptions used in the valuation of stock-based awards for the periods ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 are summarized in the following table: |
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| Three Months Ended | | | | | | | | |
| March 31, | | | | | | | | |
| 2015 | | 2014 | | | | | | | | |
Expected volatility (%) | 50 | % | | 70 | % | | | | | | | | |
Expected life (years) | 6.08 | | | 6.08 | | | | | | | | | |
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Risk free interest rate (%) | 1.69 | % | | 1.82 | % | | | | | | | | |
Expected dividend yield (%) | 0 | % | | 0 | % | | | | | | | | |
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In March 2013, the Company transitioned to granting restricted stock units under the 2010 Plan in lieu of granting restricted stock awards. The Company’s restricted stock award and restricted stock unit activity for the three months ended March 31, 2015 was as follows: |
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| Restricted Stock Awards | | Restricted Stock Units |
| Number of | | Weighted | | Number of | | Weighted |
Shares | Average | Shares | Average |
| Grant Date | | Grant Date |
| Fair Value | | Fair Value |
Unvested at December 31, 2014 | 173,610 | | | $ | 4.56 | | | 741,992 | | | $ | 11.46 | |
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Granted | — | | | $ | — | | | 522,396 | | | $ | 13.17 | |
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Vested | -43,389 | | | $ | 4.34 | | | -213,855 | | | $ | 11.86 | |
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Canceled or expired | -312 | | | $ | 5.96 | | | -4,868 | | | $ | 12.1 | |
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Unvested at March 31, 2015 | 129,909 | | | $ | 4.63 | | | 1,045,665 | | | $ | 12.23 | |
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As of March 31, 2015, there was $511,993 of unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding restricted stock awards, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.07 years. The total fair value of restricted stock awards that vested during the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 was $561,256 and $1,746,771, respectively. |
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As of March 31, 2015, there was $9,227,860 of unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted stock units, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.18 years. The total fair value of restricted stock units that vested during the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 was $2,708,096 and $726,430, respectively. |
Restricted stock awards or units may be granted at the discretion of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors under the 2010 Plan in connection with the hiring or retention of personnel and are subject to certain conditions. Restrictions expire at certain dates in accordance with specific provisions in the applicable award agreement. During the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock units and awards was $1,103,952 and $911,119, respectively. |
The Company issued 154,929 market-based restricted stock units in February 2015 which contain provisions to earn up to 200% of the target number of units. The fair value of market stock units was estimated on the date of grant using the Monte Carlo Simulation Valuation Model, which estimates the potential outcome of reaching the market condition based on simulated future stock prices, with the following assumptions: expected volatility of 44.7% and risk free interest rate of 1.1%. The vesting and issuance of Company stock depends on the Company's stock performance as compared to the Nasdaq Composite Index. The awards vest in three installments on December 31, 2015, December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2017 if stock performance metrics are achieved. At March 31, 2015, there was $2,626,984 of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to these awards, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.76 years. During the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, stock-based compensation expense for market-based units was $172,585 and $0, respectively. |
The Company issued 43,200 performance-based restricted stock units in March 2014 with a grant date fair value of $12.30. The vesting and issuance of Company stock pursuant to these awards depends on obtaining regulatory clearance of various products within a defined time. Stock-based compensation expense for these performance-based awards is recognized when it is probable that the applicable performance criteria will be satisfied. The probability of achieving the relevant performance criteria is evaluated on a quarterly basis. At March 31, 2015, there was $398,520 of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to these awards. |
Employee Stock Purchase Plan |
Following the adoption of the ESPP by the Company’s Board of Directors in March 2013, the Company's stockholders approved the ESPP in May 2013 at the Company's Annual Meeting of Stockholders. A total of 650,000 shares of the Company’s common stock were originally reserved for issuance under the ESPP, which permits eligible employees to purchase common stock at a discount through payroll deductions. |
The price at which stock is purchased under the ESPP is equal to 85% of the fair market value of the Company's common stock on the first or the last day of the offering period, whichever is lower. Generally, each offering under the ESPP will be for a period of six months as determined by the Company's Board of Directors; provided that no offering period may exceed 27 months. Employees may invest up to 10% of their gross compensation through payroll deductions. In no event may an employee purchase more than 1,500 shares of common stock during any six-month offering period. As of March 31, 2015, there were 528,142 shares of common stock available for issuance under the ESPP. Stock-based compensation expense related to the ESPP which is calculated using the Black-Scholes model at the beginning of each six-month offering period has been recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2015. |