Loans and Leases Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses | LOANS AND LEASES RECEIVABLE AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES ON LOANS AND LEASES The following table presents loans and leases receivable as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. (amounts in thousands) September 30, 2020 December 31, 2019 Loans and leases receivable, mortgage warehouse, at fair value $ 3,913,593 $ 2,245,758 Loans receivable, PPP 4,964,105 — Loans receivable: Commercial: Multi-family 1,950,300 1,907,331 Commercial and industrial (1) 2,220,715 1,891,152 Commercial real estate owner occupied 557,595 551,948 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 1,215,516 1,222,772 Construction 122,963 117,617 Total commercial loans and leases receivable 6,067,089 5,690,820 Consumer: Residential real estate 335,452 382,634 Manufactured housing 64,638 71,359 Installment 1,233,713 1,174,175 Total consumer loans receivable 1,633,803 1,628,168 Loans and leases receivable (2) 7,700,892 7,318,988 Allowance for credit losses (155,561) (56,379) Total loans and leases receivable, net of allowance for credit losses $ 16,423,029 $ 9,508,367 (1) Includes direct finance equipment leases of $106.5 million and $89.2 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. (2) Includes deferred (fees) costs and unamortized (discounts) premiums, net of $(74.7) million and $2.1 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Customers' total loans and leases receivable portfolio includes loans receivable which are reported at fair value based on an election made to account for these loans at fair value and loans and leases receivable which are predominately reported at their outstanding unpaid principal balance, net of charge-offs and deferred costs and fees and unamortized premiums and discounts and are evaluated for impairment. The total amount of accrued interest recorded for total loans was $61.9 million and $34.8 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, and is presented in accrued interest receivable in the consolidated balance sheet. At September 30, 2020, there were $32.1 million of individually evaluated loans that were collateral-dependent. Substantially all individually evaluated loans are collateral-dependent and consisted primarily of commercial and industrial, commercial real estate, and residential real estate loans. Collateral-dependent commercial and industrial loans were secured by accounts receivable, inventory and equipment; collateral-dependent commercial real estate loans were secured by commercial real estate assets; and residential real estate loans were secured by residential real estate assets. Loans receivable, PPP: On March 27, 2020, the CARES Act was signed into law and created funding for a new product called the PPP. The PPP is administered by the SBA and is intended to assist organizations with payroll related expenses. Customers had $5.0 billion of PPP loans outstanding as of September 30, 2020, which are fully guaranteed by the SBA and earn a fixed interest rate of 1.00%. Customers recognized interest income, including origination fees, of $24.3 million and $36.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. Loans receivable, mortgage warehouse, at fair value: Mortgage warehouse loans consist of commercial loans to mortgage companies. These mortgage warehouse lending transactions are subject to master repurchase agreements. As a result of the contractual provisions, for accounting purposes control of the underlying mortgage loan has not transferred and the rewards and risks of the mortgage loans are not assumed by Customers. The mortgage warehouse loans are designated as loans held for investment and reported at fair value based on an election made to account for the loans at fair value. Pursuant to the agreements, Customers funds the pipelines for these mortgage lenders by sending payments directly to the closing agents for funded mortgage loans and receives proceeds directly from third party investors when the underlying mortgage loans are sold into the secondary market. The fair value of the mortgage warehouse loans is estimated as the amount of cash initially advanced to fund the mortgage, plus accrued interest and fees, as specified in the respective agreements. The interest rates on these loans are variable, and the lending transactions are short-term, with an average life under 30 days from purchase to sale. The primary goal of these lending transactions is to provide liquidity to mortgage companies. At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, all of Customers' commercial mortgage warehouse loans were current in terms of payment. As these loans are reported at their fair value, they do not have an ACL and are therefore excluded from ACL-related disclosures. Loans and leases receivable: The following tables summarize loans and leases receivable by loan and lease type and performance status as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019: September 30, 2020 (amounts in thousands) 30-59 Days past due 60-89 Days past due 90 Days or more past due Total past due Loans and leases not past due (2) Total loans and leases (3) Multi-family $ — $ 15,446 $ 4,790 $ 20,236 $ 1,930,064 $ 1,950,300 Commercial and industrial — 2,072 7,695 9,767 2,210,948 2,220,715 Commercial real estate owner occupied — 952 2,436 3,388 554,207 557,595 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied — — 2,356 2,356 1,213,160 1,215,516 Construction — — — — 122,963 122,963 Residential real estate 436 3,160 6,327 9,923 325,529 335,452 Manufactured housing 784 608 4,463 5,855 58,783 64,638 Installment 5,468 4,609 3,098 13,175 1,220,538 1,233,713 Total $ 6,688 $ 26,847 $ 31,165 $ 64,700 $ 7,636,192 $ 7,700,892 December 31, 2019 (amounts in thousands) 30-89 Days past due (1) 90 Days or more past due (1) Total past due (1) Non-accrual Current (2) Purchased-credit-impaired loans (4) Total loans and leases (5) Multi-family $ 2,133 — $ 2,133 $ 4,117 $ 1,901,336 $ 1,688 $ 1,909,274 Commercial and industrial 2,395 — 2,395 4,531 1,882,700 354 1,889,980 Commercial real estate owner occupied 5,388 — 5,388 1,963 537,992 6,664 552,007 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 8,034 — 8,034 76 1,211,892 3,527 1,223,529 Construction — — — — 118,418 — 118,418 Residential real estate 5,924 — 5,924 6,128 359,491 3,471 375,014 Manufactured housing 3,699 1,794 5,493 1,655 61,649 1,601 70,398 Installment 5,756 $ — 5,756 1,551 1,170,793 183 1,178,283 Total $ 33,329 $ 1,794 $ 35,123 $ 20,021 $ 7,244,271 $ 17,488 $ 7,316,903 (1) Includes past due loans and leases that are accruing interest because collection is considered probable. (2) Loans and leases where next payment due is less than 30 days from the report date. The September 30, 2020 table excludes PPP loans of $5.0 billion which are all current as of September 30, 2020. (3) Includes purchased credit deteriorated loans of $14.4 million at September 30, 2020. (4) Purchased-credit-impaired loans aggregated into a pool are accounted for as a single asset with a single composite interest rate and an aggregate expectation of cash flows, and the past due status of the pools, or that of the individual loans within the pools, is not meaningful. Due to the credit impaired nature of the loans, the loans are recorded at a discount reflecting estimated future cash flows and the Bank recognizes interest income on each pool of loans reflecting the estimated yield and passage of time. Such loans are considered to be performing. Purchased-credit-impaired loans that are not in pools accrete interest when the timing and amount of their expected cash flows are reasonably estimable, and are reported as performing loans. (5) Amounts exclude deferred costs and fees and unamortized premiums and discounts. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Bank had $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively, of residential real estate held in OREO. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Bank had initiated foreclosure proceedings on $0.5 million and $0.9 million, respectively, in loans secured by residential real estate. Nonaccrual Loans and Leases The following table presents the amortized cost of loans and leases on nonaccrual status. September 30, 2020 (1) December 31, 2019 (2) (amounts in thousands) Nonaccrual loans with no related allowance Nonaccrual loans with related allowance Total nonaccrual loans Nonaccrual loans with no related allowance Nonaccrual loans with related allowance Total nonaccrual loans Multi-family $ 8,749 $ 2,961 $ 11,710 $ 4,117 $ — $ 4,117 Commercial and industrial 8,749 884 9,633 3,083 1,448 4,531 Commercial real estate owner occupied 3,399 200 3,599 1,109 854 1,963 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 2,408 — 2,408 76 — 76 Residential real estate 10,634 — 10,634 4,559 1,569 6,128 Manufactured housing — 2,778 2,778 — 1,655 1,655 Installment — 3,118 3,118 140 1,411 1,551 Total $ 33,939 $ 9,941 $ 43,880 $ 13,084 $ 6,937 $ 20,021 (1) Presented at amortized cost basis. (2) Amounts exclude deferred costs and fees and unamortized premiums and discounts. Interest income recognized on nonaccrual loans was insignificant during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020. Accrued interest of $1.2 million was reversed when the loans went to nonaccrual status during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Allowance for credit losses on loans and leases The changes in the allowance for credit losses on loans and leases for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 are presented in the tables below. Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 Multi-family Commercial and industrial Commercial real estate owner occupied Commercial real estate non-owner occupied Construction Residential real estate Manufactured housing Installment Total (amounts in thousands) Ending Balance, $ 14,697 $ 12,302 $ 11,405 $ 26,493 $ 5,297 $ 4,550 $ 6,014 $ 79,147 $ 159,905 Charge-offs — (2,527) (44) (10,181) — — — (9,194) (21,946) Recoveries — 2,582 — 1,258 6 17 — 784 4,647 Provision for credit loss expense 329 569 (1,809) 2,630 1,120 82 (389) 10,423 12,955 Ending Balance, $ 15,026 $ 12,926 $ 9,552 $ 20,200 $ 6,423 $ 4,649 $ 5,625 $ 81,160 $ 155,561 Nine Months Ended Ending Balance, $ 6,157 $ 15,556 $ 2,235 $ 6,243 $ 1,262 $ 3,218 $ 1,060 $ 20,648 $ 56,379 Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle 2,171 759 5,773 7,918 (98) 1,518 3,802 57,986 79,829 Charge-offs — (2,645) (44) (25,779) — — — (23,744) (52,212) Recoveries — 2,661 5 1,258 122 72 — 1,759 5,877 Provision for loan and lease losses 6,698 (3,405) 1,583 30,560 5,137 (159) 763 24,511 65,688 Ending Balance, $ 15,026 $ 12,926 $ 9,552 $ 20,200 $ 6,423 $ 4,649 $ 5,625 $ 81,160 $ 155,561 Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 Multi-family Commercial and industrial Commercial real estate owner occupied Commercial real estate non-owner occupied Construction Residential real estate Manufactured housing Installment Total (amounts in thousands) Ending Balance, $ 9,926 $ 13,736 $ 3,360 $ 6,159 $ 649 $ 4,168 $ 123 $ 10,267 $ 48,388 Charge-offs — (349) (45) — — — — (1,806) (2,200) Recoveries — 369 10 — 8 5 — 47 439 Provision for loan and lease losses (2,428) 2,119 (435) 281 1 (90) 904 4,074 4,426 Ending Balance, $ 7,498 $ 15,875 $ 2,890 $ 6,440 $ 658 $ 4,083 $ 1,027 $ 12,582 $ 51,053 Nine Months Ended Ending Balance, $ 11,462 $ 12,145 $ 3,320 $ 6,093 $ 624 $ 3,654 $ 145 $ 2,529 $ 39,972 Charge-offs (541) (532) (119) — — (109) — (3,493) (4,794) Recoveries 7 826 235 — 128 20 — 120 1,336 Provision for loan and lease losses (3,430) 3,436 (546) 347 (94) 518 882 13,426 14,539 Ending Balance, $ 7,498 $ 15,875 $ 2,890 $ 6,440 $ 658 $ 4,083 $ 1,027 $ 12,582 $ 51,053 At September 30, 2020, the ACL was $155.6 million, an increase of $19.4 million from the January 1, 2020 balance of $136.2 million. The increase resulted primarily from the impact of reserve build for the COVID-19 pandemic including the change in macroeconomic forecasts, an increase in net charge-offs, mostly attributed to the commercial real estate non-owner occupied and installment portfolios, and portfolio growth mainly in the installment portfolio. Commercial real estate non-owner occupied charge-offs are attributable to two collateral dependent loans. Installment charge-offs are attributable to delinquencies and defaults of originated and purchased unsecured consumer installment loans through arrangements with fintech companies and other market place lenders. PPP loans include an embedded credit enhancement guarantee from the SBA, which guarantees 100% of all principal and interest owed by the borrower. Therefore, Customers did not include an ACL for PPP loans as of September 30, 2020. Troubled Debt Restructurings At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were $16.1 million and $13.3 million, respectively, in loans reported as TDRs. TDRs are reported as impaired loans in the quarter of their restructuring and are evaluated to determine whether they should be placed on non-accrual status. In subsequent quarters, a TDR may be returned to accrual status if it satisfies a minimum performance requirement of six months, however, it will remain classified as impaired. Generally, the Bank requires sustained performance for nine months before returning a TDR to accrual status. Customers had no lease receivables that had been restructured as a TDR as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The CARES Act and certain regulatory agencies recently issued guidance stating certain loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial distress as a result of the economic impacts created by COVID-19 may not be required to be treated as TDRs under U.S GAAP. For COVID-19 related loan modifications which met the loan modification criteria under either the CARES Act or the criteria specified by the regulatory agencies, Customers elected to suspend TDR accounting for such loan modifications. At September 30, 2020, commercial and consumer deferments related to COVID-19 were $79.0 million and $25.0 million, respectively. The following table presents loans modified in a TDR by type of concession for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. There were no modifications that involved forgiveness of debt for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 2019 2020 2019 (dollars in thousands) Number of loans Recorded investment Number of loans Recorded investment Number of loans Recorded investment Number of loans Recorded investment Extensions of maturity — $ — — $ — 6 $ 385 2 $ 514 Interest-rate reductions 2 88 7 196 34 1,461 19 628 Other (1) 65 1,385 — — 65 1,385 — — Total 67 $ 1,473 7 $ 196 105 $ 3,231 21 $ 1,142 (1) Other includes covenant modifications, forbearance, loans discharged under Chapter 7 bankruptcy, or other concessions. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were no commitments to lend additional funds to debtors whose loans have been modified in TDRs. The following table presents, by loan type, the number of loans modified in TDRs and the related recorded investment, for which there was a payment default within twelve months following the modification: September 30, 2020 September 30, 2019 (dollars in thousands) Number of loans Recorded investment Number of loans Recorded investment Manufactured housing 5 $ 201 3 $ 76 Commercial real estate owner occupied 1 952 — — Residential real estate 1 95 1 82 Installment 8 $ 126 — $ — Total loans 15 $ 1,374 4 $ 158 Loans modified in TDRs are evaluated for impairment. The nature and extent of impairment of TDRs, including those which have experienced a subsequent default, is considered in the determination of an appropriate level of ACL. Purchased Credit-Deteriorated Loans Customers adopted ASC 326 using the prospective transition approach for financial assets purchased with credit deterioration that were previously classified as PCI and accounted for under ASC 310-30. In accordance with the standard, Customers did not reassess whether PCI assets met the criteria of PCD assets as of the date of adoption. On January 1, 2020, the amortized cost basis of the PCD assets were adjusted to reflect the addition of $0.2 million of the allowance for credit losses on PCD loans and leases. The remaining noncredit discount of $0.3 million, based on the adjusted amortized cost basis, will be accreted into interest income at the effective interest rate as of January 1, 2020. As of September 30, 2020, the amortized cost basis of PCD assets amounted to $14.4 million. Credit Quality Indicators The ACL represents management's estimate of expected losses in Customers' loans and leases receivable portfolio, excluding commercial mortgage warehouse loans reported at fair value pursuant to a fair value option election and PPP loans receivable. Multi-family, commercial and industrial, owner occupied commercial real estate, non-owner occupied commercial real estate, and construction loans are rated based on an internally assigned risk rating system which is assigned at the time of loan origination and reviewed on a periodic, or on an “as needed” basis. Residential real estate loans, manufactured housing and installment loans are evaluated based on the payment activity of the loan. To facilitate the monitoring of credit quality within the multi-family, commercial and industrial, owner occupied commercial real estate, non-owner occupied commercial real estate, and construction loan portfolios, and as an input in the ACL lifetime loss rate model for the C&I portfolio, the Bank utilizes the following categories of risk ratings: pass/satisfactory (includes risk rating 1 through 6), special mention, substandard, doubtful, and loss. The risk rating categories, which are derived from standard regulatory rating definitions, are assigned upon initial approval of credit to borrowers and updated periodically thereafter. Pass/satisfactory ratings, which are assigned to those borrowers who do not have identified potential or well-defined weaknesses and for whom there is a high likelihood of orderly repayment, are updated periodically based on the size and credit characteristics of the borrower. All other categories are updated on a quarterly basis during the month preceding the end of the calendar quarter. While assigning risk ratings involves judgment, the risk-rating process allows management to identify riskier credits in a timely manner and allocate the appropriate resources to manage those loans and leases. The 2019 Form 10-K describes Customers Bancorp’s risk rating grades. Risk ratings are not established for certain consumer loans, including residential real estate, home equity, manufactured housing, and installment loans, mainly because these portfolios consist of a larger number of homogeneous loans with smaller balances. Instead, these portfolios are evaluated for risk mainly based upon aggregate payment history through the monitoring of delinquency levels and trends and are classified as performing and non-performing. The following tables present the credit ratings of loans and leases receivable as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. PPP loans are excluded in the tables below as these loans are fully guaranteed by the SBA. Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (in thousands) 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Revolving loans amortized cost basis Revolving loans converted to term Total Multi-family loans: Pass $ 139,734 $ 23,396 $ 305,351 $ 626,402 $ 271,981 $ 485,023 $ — $ — $ 1,851,887 Special mention — — — 22,430 10,424 26,836 — — 59,690 Substandard — — — 17,859 13,799 7,065 — — 38,723 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total multi-family loans $ 139,734 $ 23,396 $ 305,351 $ 666,691 $ 296,204 $ 518,924 $ — $ — $ 1,950,300 Commercial and industrial loans and leases: Pass $ 564,313 $ 418,961 $ 153,659 $ 118,548 $ 48,470 $ 81,179 $ 739,151 $ — $ 2,124,281 Special mention 13,200 1,193 222 14,739 112 15,348 1,315 — 46,129 Substandard 6,421 9,037 14,343 1,611 8,084 2,925 7,884 — 50,305 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total commercial and industrial loans and leases $ 583,934 $ 429,191 $ 168,224 $ 134,898 $ 56,666 $ 99,452 $ 748,350 $ — $ 2,220,715 Commercial real estate owner occupied loans: Pass $ 46,303 $ 185,921 $ 88,291 $ 71,438 $ 48,202 $ 93,679 $ 741 $ — $ 534,575 Special mention — — 478 9,260 — 245 — — 9,983 Substandard — — — 347 2,243 10,447 — — 13,037 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total commercial real estate owner occupied loans $ 46,303 $ 185,921 $ 88,769 $ 81,045 $ 50,445 $ 104,371 $ 741 $ — $ 557,595 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied: Pass $ 135,589 $ 113,247 $ 116,794 $ 225,952 $ 197,116 $ 346,107 $ — $ — $ 1,134,805 Special mention — — — — — 10,559 — — 10,559 Substandard — — — 20,611 2,419 47,122 — — 70,152 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total commercial real estate non-owner occupied loans $ 135,589 $ 113,247 $ 116,794 $ 246,563 $ 199,535 $ 403,788 $ — $ — $ 1,215,516 Construction: Pass $ 8,679 $ 98,231 $ 4,571 $ — $ 9,768 $ — $ 1,714 $ — $ 122,963 Special mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total construction loans $ 8,679 $ 98,231 $ 4,571 $ — $ 9,768 $ — $ 1,714 $ — $ 122,963 Total commercial loans and leases receivable $ 914,239 $ 849,986 $ 683,709 $ 1,129,197 $ 612,618 $ 1,126,535 $ 750,805 $ — $ 6,067,089 Residential real estate loans: Performing $ 7,514 $ 15,252 $ 7,647 $ 12,246 $ 42,883 $ 78,365 $ 161,575 $ — $ 325,482 Non-performing — — 160 785 1,350 4,395 3,280 — 9,970 Total residential real estate loans $ 7,514 $ 15,252 $ 7,807 $ 13,031 $ 44,233 $ 82,760 $ 164,855 $ — $ 335,452 Manufactured housing loans: Performing $ — $ 307 $ 632 $ 79 $ 42 $ 59,193 $ — $ — $ 60,253 Non-performing — — — — — 4,385 — — 4,385 Total manufactured housing loans $ — $ 307 $ 632 $ 79 $ 42 $ 63,578 $ — $ — $ 64,638 Installment loans: Performing $ 318,780 $ 790,192 $ 115,024 $ 4,726 $ 513 $ 1,201 $ — $ — $ 1,230,436 Non-performing 305 2,326 485 41 2 118 — — 3,277 Total installment loans $ 319,085 $ 792,518 $ 115,509 $ 4,767 $ 515 $ 1,319 $ — $ — $ 1,233,713 Total consumer loans $ 326,599 $ 808,077 $ 123,948 $ 17,877 $ 44,790 $ 147,657 $ 164,855 $ — $ 1,633,803 Loans and leases receivable $ 1,240,838 $ 1,658,063 $ 807,657 $ 1,147,074 $ 657,408 $ 1,274,192 $ 915,660 $ — $ 7,700,892 December 31, 2019 (amounts in thousands) Multi-family Commercial and industrial Commercial real estate owner occupied Commercial real estate non-owner occupied Construction Residential real estate Manufactured housing Installment Total (3) Pass/Satisfactory $ 1,816,200 $ 1,841,074 $ 536,777 $ 1,129,838 $ 118,418 $ — $ — $ — $ 5,442,307 Special Mention 69,637 26,285 8,286 6,949 — — — — 111,157 Substandard 23,437 22,621 6,944 86,742 — — — — 139,744 Performing (1) — — — — — 362,962 63,250 1,170,976 1,597,188 Non-performing (2) — — — — — 12,052 7,148 7,307 26,507 Total $ 1,909,274 $ 1,889,980 $ 552,007 $ 1,223,529 $ 118,418 $ 375,014 $ 70,398 $ 1,178,283 $ 7,316,903 (1) Includes residential real estate, manufactured housing, and installment loans not assigned internal ratings. (2) Includes residential real estate, manufactured housing, and installment loans that are past due and still accruing interest or on nonaccrual status. (3) Excludes commercial mortgage warehouse loans reported at fair value. Loan Purchases and Sales Purchases and sales of loans were as follows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019: Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, (amounts in thousands) 2020 2019 2020 2019 Purchases (1) Residential real estate $ — $ — $ 495 $ 105,858 Installment (2) 15,700 83,898 225,468 534,150 Total $ 15,700 $ 83,898 $ 225,963 $ 640,008 Sales (3) Commercial and industrial $ 3,968 $ — $ 3,968 $ — Commercial real estate non-owner occupied $ 17,600 $ — $ 17,600 $ — Installment — — 1,822 — Total $ 21,568 $ — $ 23,390 $ — (1) Amounts reported in the above table are the unpaid principal balance at time of purchase. The purchase price was 98.1% and 96.3% of loans outstanding for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The purchase price was 100.2% and 99.4% of loans outstanding for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. (2) Installment loan purchases for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 consist of third-party originated unsecured consumer loans. None of the loans are considered sub-prime at the time of origination. Customers considers sub-prime borrowers to be those with FICO scores below 660. (3) Amounts reported in the above table are the unpaid principal balance at time of sale. There were no loan sales in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019. During September 2020, Customers sold a collateral dependent loan secured by a Class A office building in northern New Jersey for $17.6 million equal to the loan's carrying value at the date of sale. Loans Pledged as Collateral Customers has pledged eligible real estate and commercial and industrial loans as collateral for borrowings from the FHLB and FRB in the amount of $8.9 billion and $4.6 billion at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The increase in loans pledged as collateral relates to $4.8 billion of PPP loans that were pledged to the FRB in accordance with borrowing from the PPPLF. |