Loans and Leases Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans and Leases | LOANS AND LEASES RECEIVABLE AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES ON LOANS AND LEASES The following table presents loans and leases receivable as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. (amounts in thousands) September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Loans and leases receivable, mortgage warehouse, at fair value $ 962,566 $ 1,323,312 Loans receivable, PPP 137,063 998,153 Loans and leases receivable: Commercial: Commercial and industrial: Specialty lending (1) 5,422,161 5,412,887 Other commercial and industrial 1,195,347 1,259,943 Multifamily 2,130,213 2,213,019 Commercial real estate owner occupied 794,815 885,339 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 1,178,203 1,290,730 Construction 252,588 162,009 Total commercial loans and leases receivable 10,973,327 11,223,927 Consumer: Residential real estate 483,133 497,952 Manufactured housing 40,129 45,076 Installment: Personal 629,843 964,641 Other 337,053 413,298 Total consumer loans receivable 1,490,158 1,920,967 Loans and leases receivable 12,463,485 13,144,894 Allowance for credit losses on loans and leases (139,213) (130,924) Total loans and leases receivable, net of allowance for credit losses on loans and leases (2) $ 13,423,901 $ 15,335,435 (1) Includes direct finance equipment leases of $193.8 million and $157.4 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. (2) Includes deferred (fees) costs and unamortized (discounts) premiums, net of $(35.8) million and $(21.5) million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Customers' total loans and leases receivable includes loans receivable which are reported at fair value based on an election made to account for these loans at fair value and loans and leases receivable which are predominately reported at their outstanding unpaid principal balance, net of charge-offs, deferred costs and fees and unamortized premiums and discounts, and are evaluated for impairment. The total amount of accrued interest recorded for total loans was $96.8 million and $105.5 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and is presented in accrued interest receivable in the consolidated balance sheet. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were $18.4 million and $11.5 million of individually evaluated loans that were collateral-dependent, respectively. Substantially all individually evaluated loans were collateral-dependent and consisted primarily of commercial and industrial, commercial real estate, and residential real estate loans. Collateral-dependent commercial and industrial loans were secured by accounts receivable, inventory and equipment; collateral-dependent commercial real estate loans were secured by commercial real estate assets; and residential real estate loans were secured by residential real estate assets. Loans receivable, mortgage warehouse, at fair value Mortgage warehouse loans consist of commercial loans to mortgage companies. These mortgage warehouse lending transactions are subject to master repurchase agreements. As a result of the contractual provisions, for accounting purposes, control of the underlying mortgage loan has not transferred and the rewards and risks of the mortgage loans are not assumed by Customers. The mortgage warehouse loans are designated as loans held for investment and reported at fair value based on an election made to account for the loans at fair value. Pursuant to the agreements, Customers funds the pipelines for these mortgage lenders by sending payments directly to the closing agents for funded mortgage loans and receives proceeds directly from third party investors when the underlying mortgage loans are sold into the secondary market. The fair value of the mortgage warehouse loans is estimated as the amount of cash initially advanced to fund the mortgage, plus accrued interest and fees, as specified in the respective agreements. The interest rates on these loans are variable, and the lending transactions are short-term, with an average life under 30 days from purchase to sale. The primary goal of these lending transactions is to provide liquidity to mortgage companies. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, all of Customers' commercial mortgage warehouse loans were current in terms of payment. As these loans are reported at their fair value, they do not have an ACL and are therefore excluded from ACL-related disclosures. Loans receivable, PPP Customers had $137.1 million and $998.2 million of PPP loans outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, which are fully guaranteed by the SBA, provided that the SBA's eligibility criteria are met and earn a fixed interest rate of 1.00%. Customers recognized interest income, including net origination fees, of $0.6 million and $25.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. Customers recognized interest income, including net origination fees, of $14.7 million and $72.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. PPP loans include an embedded credit enhancement from the SBA, which guarantees 100% of the principal and interest owed by the borrower provided that the SBA's eligibility criteria are met. As a result, the eligible PPP loans do not have an ACL and are therefore excluded from ACL-related disclosures. PPP loans that are subsequently determined to be ineligible for SBA forgiveness and guarantee are included as part of the commercial and industrial loan portfolio. Loans and leases receivable The following tables summarize loans and leases receivable by loan and lease type and performance status as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022: September 30, 2023 (amounts in thousands) 30-59 Days past due (1) 60-89 Days past due (1) 90 Days or more past due (2) Total past due Loans and leases not past due (3)(4) Total loans and leases (4) Commercial and industrial, including specialty lending $ 2,070 $ 1,273 $ 5,290 $ 8,633 $ 6,608,875 $ 6,617,508 Multifamily — — — — 2,130,213 2,130,213 Commercial real estate owner occupied 50 3,234 7,392 10,676 784,139 794,815 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied — — — — 1,178,203 1,178,203 Construction — — — — 252,588 252,588 Residential real estate 3,773 2,898 3,831 10,502 472,631 483,133 Manufactured housing 673 367 3,207 4,247 35,882 40,129 Installment 9,728 7,444 7,299 24,471 942,425 966,896 Total $ 16,294 $ 15,216 $ 27,019 $ 58,529 $ 12,404,956 $ 12,463,485 December 31, 2022 (amounts in thousands) 30-59 Days past due (1) 60-89 Days past due (1) 90 Days or more past due (2) Total past due Loans and leases not past due (3) Total loans and leases (4) Commercial and industrial, including specialty lending $ 3,123 $ 717 $ 1,415 $ 5,255 $ 6,667,575 $ 6,672,830 Multifamily 10,684 5,217 1,143 17,044 2,195,975 2,213,019 Commercial real estate owner occupied 5,173 — 2,704 7,877 877,462 885,339 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 2,136 — 11 2,147 1,288,583 1,290,730 Construction — — — — 162,009 162,009 Residential real estate 5,208 1,157 3,158 9,523 488,429 497,952 Manufactured housing 901 537 3,346 4,784 40,292 45,076 Installment 11,246 7,942 9,527 28,715 1,349,224 1,377,939 Total $ 38,471 $ 15,570 $ 21,304 $ 75,345 $ 13,069,549 $ 13,144,894 (1) Includes past due loans and leases that are accruing interest because collection is considered probable. (2) Includes loans amounting to $0.6 million and $1.9 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, that are still accruing interest because collection is considered probable. (3) Loans and leases where next payment due is less than 30 days from the report date. The tables exclude PPP loans of $137.1 million, of which $1.3 million were 30-59 days past due and $106.9 million were 60 days or more past due as of September 30, 2023, and PPP loans of $998.2 million, of which $0.6 million were 30-59 days past due and $36.0 million were 60 days or more past due as of December 31, 2022. Claims for guarantee payments are submitted to the SBA for eligible PPP loans that are more than 60 days past due. (4) Includes PCD loans of $195.8 million and $8.3 million at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. On June 15, 2023, Customers acquired $631.0 million of Venture Banking loan portfolio (included within Specialty Lending above) from the FDIC, which included $228.7 million of PCD loans. Nonaccrual Loans and Leases The following table presents the amortized cost of loans and leases held for investment on nonaccrual status. September 30, 2023 (1) December 31, 2022 (1) (amounts in thousands) Nonaccrual loans with no related allowance Nonaccrual loans with related allowance Total nonaccrual loans Nonaccrual loans with no related allowance Nonaccrual loans with related allowance Total nonaccrual loans Commercial and industrial, including specialty lending $ 3,297 $ 2,470 $ 5,767 $ 1,731 $ 30 $ 1,761 Multifamily — — — 1,143 — 1,143 Commercial real estate owner occupied 7,442 — 7,442 2,768 — 2,768 Residential real estate 6,441 118 6,559 6,922 — 6,922 Manufactured housing — 2,582 2,582 — 2,410 2,410 Installment — 7,299 7,299 — 9,527 9,527 Total $ 17,180 $ 12,469 $ 29,649 $ 12,564 $ 11,967 $ 24,531 (1) Presented at amortized cost basis. Interest income recognized on nonaccrual loans was insignificant for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. Accrued interest reversed when the loans went to nonaccrual status was insignificant for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. Allowance for credit losses on loans and leases The changes in the ACL on loans and leases by loan and lease type for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 are presented in the tables below. (amounts in thousands) Commercial and industrial (1) Multifamily Commercial real estate owner occupied Commercial real estate non-owner occupied Construction Residential real estate Manufactured housing Installment Total Three Months Ended Ending Balance, $ 29,092 $ 15,400 $ 10,215 $ 13,495 $ 2,639 $ 6,846 $ 4,338 $ 57,631 $ 139,656 Charge-offs (9,008) (1,999) (39) — — (42) — (18,932) (30,020) Recoveries 6,034 — — — — 29 — 6,459 12,522 Provision (benefit) for credit losses on loans and leases (1,132) 2,469 187 2,324 491 (31) (258) 13,005 17,055 Ending Balance, $ 24,986 $ 15,870 $ 10,363 $ 15,819 $ 3,130 $ 6,802 $ 4,080 $ 58,163 $ 139,213 Nine Months Ended Ending Balance, $ 17,582 $ 14,541 $ 6,454 $ 11,219 $ 1,913 $ 6,094 $ 4,430 $ 68,691 $ 130,924 Allowance for credit losses on FDIC PCD loans, net of charge-offs (2) 2,576 — — — — — — — 2,576 Charge-offs (9,600) (3,447) (39) (4,527) — (69) — (52,031) (69,713) Recoveries 6,439 — 34 27 116 34 — 11,350 18,000 Provision (benefit) for credit losses on loans and leases 7,989 4,776 3,914 9,100 1,101 743 (350) 30,153 57,426 Ending Balance, $ 24,986 $ 15,870 $ 10,363 $ 15,819 $ 3,130 $ 6,802 $ 4,080 $ 58,163 $ 139,213 (amounts in thousands) Commercial and industrial (1) Multifamily Commercial real estate owner occupied Commercial real estate non-owner occupied Construction Residential real estate Manufactured housing Installment Total Three Months Ended Ending Balance, $ 11,081 $ 9,765 $ 4,745 $ 8,880 $ 1,179 $ 5,578 $ 4,080 $ 111,222 $ 156,530 Charge-offs (2,657) — — (4,862) — — — (13,965) (21,484) Recoveries 76 — — 31 10 13 — 2,857 2,987 Provision (benefit) for credit losses on loans and leases 6,631 4,479 1,475 7,283 425 (138) 402 (28,393) (7,836) Ending Balance, $ 15,131 $ 14,244 $ 6,220 $ 11,332 $ 1,614 $ 5,453 $ 4,482 $ 71,721 $ 130,197 Nine Months Ended Ending Balance, $ 12,702 $ 4,477 $ 3,213 $ 6,210 $ 692 $ 2,383 $ 4,278 $ 103,849 $ 137,804 Charge-offs (3,235) (1,990) — (5,025) — (4) — (35,681) (45,935) Recoveries 1,129 337 49 43 226 58 — 4,889 6,731 Provision (benefit) for credit losses on loans and leases 4,535 11,420 2,958 10,104 696 3,016 204 (1,336) 31,597 Ending Balance, $ 15,131 $ 14,244 $ 6,220 $ 11,332 $ 1,614 $ 5,453 $ 4,482 $ 71,721 $ 130,197 (1) Includes Specialty Lending. (2) Represents $8.7 million of allowance for credit losses on PCD loans recognized upon acquisition of a Venture Banking loan portfolio (included within Specialty Lending) from the FDIC on June 15, 2023, net of $6.2 million of charge-offs for certain of these PCD loans upon acquisition. At September 30, 2023, the ACL on loans and leases was $139.2 million, an increase of $8.3 million from the December 31, 2022 balance of $130.9 million. The increase in ACL for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily attributable to the recognition of increased uncertainties in macroeconomic forecasts, partially offset by a decrease in loan balances held for investment. The increase in ACL for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was primarily attributable to additional provision for credit losses from the recognition of weaker macroeconomic forecasts and the recognition of ACL for PCD loans acquired from the FDIC, net of related charge-offs upon acquisition, partially offset by a decrease in loan balances held for investment. Loan Modifications for Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty Customers adopted ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures ("ASU 2022-02") effective January 1, 2023. The amendments in ASU 2022-02 eliminated the recognition and measurement of TDRs and enhanced the disclosures for loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. Refer to NOTE 2 – SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION for additional information on the adoption. A borrower is considered to be experiencing financial difficulty when there is a significant doubt about the borrower's ability to make the required principal and interest payments on the loan or to get an equivalent financing from another creditor at a market rate for a similar loan. When borrowers are experiencing financial difficulty, Customers may make certain loan modifications as part of loss mitigation strategies to maximize expected payment. To be classified as a modification made to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty, the modification must be in the form of an interest rate reduction, principal forgiveness, or an other-than-insignificant payment delay (payment deferral), term extension, or combinations thereof. Customers will generally try other forms of relief before principal forgiveness. Any contractual reduction in the amount of principal due without receiving payment or assets is considered forgiveness. For the purpose of this disclosure, Customers considers any contractual change in interest rate that results in a reduction in interest rate relative to the current stated interest rate as an interest rate reduction. Generally, Customers considers any delay in payment of greater than 90 days in the last 12 months to be significant. Term extensions extend the original contractual maturity of the loan. For the purpose of this disclosure, modification of contingent payment features or covenants that would have accelerated payment are not considered term extensions. The following table presents the amortized cost of loans that were modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, disaggregated by class of financing receivable and type of modification granted. Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 (dollars in thousands) Term Extension Payment Deferral Debt Forgiveness Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension Total Percentage of Total by Financing Class Manufactured housing $ — $ — $ — $ 99 $ 99 0.25 % Personal installment 3,863 210 28 — 4,101 0.42 % Total $ 3,863 $ 210 $ 28 $ 99 $ 4,200 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 (dollars in thousands) Term Extension Payment Deferral Debt Forgiveness Interest Rate Reduction and Term Extension Total Percentage of Total by Financing Class Commercial real estate owner occupied $ 169 $ — $ — $ — $ 169 0.02 % Manufactured housing 6 — — 113 119 0.30 % Personal installment 10,910 442 222 — 11,574 1.20 % Total $ 11,085 $ 442 $ 222 $ 113 $ 11,862 As of September 30, 2023, there were no commitments to lend additional funds to debtors experiencing financial difficulty whose loans have been modified during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. The following table summarizes the impacts of loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 Weighted Average (dollars in thousands) Interest Rate Reduction (%) Term Extension Payment Deferral Debt Forgiven Manufactured housing 4.4% 31 0 $ — Personal installment — 6 6 20 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Weighted Average (dollars in thousands) Interest Rate Reduction (%) Term Extension Payment Deferral Debt Forgiven Commercial real estate owner occupied — % 4 0 $ — Manufactured housing 4.3 30 0 — Personal installment — 6 6 183 The performance of loans made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty in which modifications were made is closely monitored to understand the effectiveness of modification efforts. Loans are considered to be in payment default at 90 days or more past due. The following table presents an aging analysis of loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. September 30, 2023 (dollars in thousands) 30-59 Days past due 60-89 Days past due 90 Days or more past due Current Total Commercial real estate owner occupied $ — $ — $ 169 $ — $ 169 Manufactured housing — — — 119 119 Personal installment 837 565 354 9,820 11,576 Total $ 837 $ 565 $ 523 $ 9,939 $ 11,864 As of September 30, 2023, the loans that were made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 that subsequently defaulted were not material. Customers' ACL is influenced by loan level characteristics that inform the assessed propensity to default. As such, the provision for credit losses is impacted by changes in such loan level characteristics, such as payment performance. Loans made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty can be classified as either accrual or nonaccrual. Troubled Debt Restructuring At December 31, 2022, there were $16.8 million in loans reported as TDRs. The following table presents loans modified by type of concession for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. There were no modifications that involved forgiveness of debt for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 (dollars in thousands) Number of loans Recorded investment Number of loans Recorded investment Interest-rate reductions — $ — 14 $ 470 Other (1) 71 739 170 1,933 Total 71 $ 739 184 $ 2,403 (1) Other includes covenant modifications, forbearance, loans discharged under Chapter 7 bankruptcy, or other concessions. As of December 31, 2022, there were no commitments to lend additional funds to debtors whose loans have been modified in TDRs. The following table presents, by loan type, the number of loans modified in TDRs and the related recorded investment, for which there was a payment default within twelve months following the modification. September 30, 2022 (dollars in thousands) Number of loans Recorded investment Manufactured housing 1 $ 46 Residential real estate 1 119 Installment 34 420 Total loans 36 $ 585 Loans modified in TDRs were evaluated for impairment. The nature and extent of impairment of TDRs, including those which had experienced a subsequent default, was considered in the determination of an appropriate level of ACL. Credit Quality Indicators The ACL represents management's estimate of expected losses in Customers' loans and leases receivable portfolio, excluding commercial mortgage warehouse loans reported at fair value pursuant to a fair value option election and PPP loans receivable. Commercial and industrial including specialty lending, multifamily, owner occupied commercial real estate, non-owner occupied commercial real estate, and construction loans are rated based on an internally assigned risk rating system which is assigned at the time of loan origination and reviewed on a periodic, or on an “as needed” basis. Residential real estate, manufactured housing and installment loans are evaluated based on the payment activity of the loan. To facilitate the monitoring of credit quality within the commercial and industrial including specialty lending, multifamily, owner occupied commercial real estate, non-owner occupied commercial real estate, and construction loan portfolios, and as an input in the ACL lifetime loss rate model for the commercial and industrial loan portfolio, the Bank utilizes the following categories of risk ratings: pass/satisfactory (includes risk rating 1 through 6), special mention, substandard, doubtful, and loss. The risk rating categories, which are derived from standard regulatory rating definitions, are assigned upon initial approval of credit to borrowers and updated periodically thereafter. Pass ratings, which are assigned to those borrowers who do not have identified potential or well-defined weaknesses and for whom there is a high likelihood of orderly repayment, are updated periodically based on the size and credit characteristics of the borrower. All other categories are updated on a quarterly basis during the month preceding the end of the calendar quarter. While assigning risk ratings involves judgment, the risk-rating process allows management to identify riskier credits in a timely manner and allocate the appropriate resources to manage those loans and leases. The 2022 Form 10-K describes Customers Bancorp’s risk rating grades. Risk ratings are not established for certain consumer loans, including residential real estate, home equity, manufactured housing, and installment loans, mainly because these portfolios consist of a larger number of homogeneous loans with smaller balances. Instead, these portfolios are evaluated for risk mainly based upon aggregate payment history through the monitoring of delinquency levels and trends and are classified as performing and non-performing. The following tables present the credit ratings of loans and leases receivable and current period gross write-offs as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year as of (amounts in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving loans amortized cost basis Revolving loans converted to term Total Commercial and industrial loans and leases, including specialty lending: Pass $ 1,031,612 $ 2,268,670 $ 522,684 $ 174,974 $ 168,998 $ 85,084 $ 1,984,328 $ 204,135 $ 6,440,485 Special mention 19,000 3,379 18,923 1,986 — 272 3,088 4,558 51,206 Substandard — 18,462 25,388 27,196 5,854 44,809 4,108 — 125,817 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total commercial and industrial loans and leases $ 1,050,612 $ 2,290,511 $ 566,995 $ 204,156 $ 174,852 $ 130,165 $ 1,991,524 $ 208,693 $ 6,617,508 Commercial and industrial loans and leases charge-offs: Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 (1)(2) $ 138 $ 143 $ — $ 8,528 $ — $ 199 $ — $ — $ 9,008 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 (1)(2) 138 365 23 8,554 24 496 — — 9,600 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year as of (amounts in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving loans amortized cost basis Revolving loans converted to term Total Multifamily loans: Pass $ 778 $ 1,242,054 $ 359,025 $ 128,185 $ 21,610 $ 260,432 $ — $ — $ 2,012,084 Special mention — — — — — 74,509 — — 74,509 Substandard — — 1,480 — — 42,140 — — 43,620 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total multifamily loans $ 778 $ 1,242,054 $ 360,505 $ 128,185 $ 21,610 $ 377,081 $ — $ — $ 2,130,213 Multifamily loans charge-offs: Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 1,999 $ — $ — $ 1,999 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 — — — — — 3,447 — — 3,447 Commercial real estate owner occupied loans: Pass $ 25,225 $ 257,777 $ 181,397 $ 88,803 $ 82,090 $ 126,363 $ — $ — $ 761,655 Special mention — — 15,477 — — 523 — — 16,000 Substandard — — — — 347 16,813 — — 17,160 Doubtful — — — — — — — — Total commercial real estate owner occupied loans $ 25,225 $ 257,777 $ 196,874 $ 88,803 $ 82,437 $ 143,699 $ — $ — $ 794,815 Commercial real estate owner occupied loans charge-offs: Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 39 $ — $ — $ 39 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 — — — — — 39 — — 39 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied loans: Pass $ 3,710 $ 322,767 $ 116,015 $ 151,875 $ 71,562 $ 371,130 $ — $ — $ 1,037,059 Special mention — — — 20,832 17,433 9,209 — — 47,474 Substandard — 10,910 — — 10,679 72,081 — — 93,670 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total commercial real estate non-owner occupied loans $ 3,710 $ 333,677 $ 116,015 $ 172,707 $ 99,674 $ 452,420 $ — $ — $ 1,178,203 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied loans charge-offs: Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 — — — — — 4,527 — — 4,527 Construction loans: Pass $ 20,906 $ 151,144 $ 23,573 $ 1,788 $ 29,298 $ 14,162 $ — $ 11,577 $ 252,448 Special mention 140 — — — — — — — 140 Substandard — — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total construction loans $ 21,046 $ 151,144 $ 23,573 $ 1,788 $ 29,298 $ 14,162 $ — $ 11,577 $ 252,588 Construction loans charge-offs: Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 — — — — — — — — — Total commercial loans and leases receivable $ 1,101,371 $ 4,275,163 $ 1,263,962 $ 595,639 $ 407,871 $ 1,117,527 $ 1,991,524 $ 220,270 $ 10,973,327 Total commercial loans and leases receivable charge-offs: Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 $ 138 $ 143 $ — $ 8,528 $ — $ 2,237 $ — $ — $ 11,046 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 138 365 23 8,554 24 8,509 — — 17,613 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year as of (amounts in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving loans amortized cost basis Revolving loans converted to term Total Residential real estate loans: Performing $ 12,592 $ 175,897 $ 134,100 $ 6,519 $ 15,769 $ 72,798 $ 59,589 $ — $ 477,264 Non-performing — 352 819 231 424 3,856 187 — 5,869 Total residential real estate loans $ 12,592 $ 176,249 $ 134,919 $ 6,750 $ 16,193 $ 76,654 $ 59,776 $ — $ 483,133 Residential real estate loans charge-offs: Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 42 $ — $ — $ 42 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 — — — — — 69 — — 69 Manufactured housing loans: Performing $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 195 $ 37,013 $ — $ — $ 37,208 Non-performing — — — — — 2,921 — — 2,921 Total manufactured housing loans $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 195 $ 39,934 $ — $ — $ 40,129 Manufactured housing loans charge-offs: Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 — — — — — — — — — Installment loans: Performing $ 165,527 $ 398,708 $ 212,516 $ 67,474 $ 55,564 $ 5,000 $ 54,232 $ — $ 959,021 Non-performing 1,038 3,565 2,135 352 593 77 115 — 7,875 Total installment loans $ 166,565 $ 402,273 $ 214,651 $ 67,826 $ 56,157 $ 5,077 $ 54,347 $ — $ 966,896 Installment loans charge-offs: Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 $ 1,987 $ 7,222 $ 5,728 $ 1,574 $ 2,078 $ 343 $ — $ — $ 18,932 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 5,475 17,041 18,219 4,667 5,544 1,085 — — 52,031 Total consumer loans $ 179,157 $ 578,522 $ 349,570 $ 74,576 $ 72,545 $ 121,665 $ 114,123 $ — $ 1,490,158 Total consumer loans charge-offs: Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 $ 1,987 $ 7,222 $ 5,728 $ 1,574 $ 2,078 $ 385 $ — $ — $ 18,974 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 5,475 17,041 18,219 4,667 5,544 1,154 — — 52,100 Loans and leases receivable $ 1,280,528 $ 4,853,685 $ 1,613,532 $ 670,215 $ 480,416 $ 1,239,192 $ 2,105,647 $ 220,270 $ 12,463,485 Loans and leases receivable charge-offs: Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 $ 2,125 $ 7,365 $ 5,728 $ 10,102 $ 2,078 $ 2,622 $ — $ — $ 30,020 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 $ 5,613 $ 17,406 $ 18,242 $ 13,221 $ 5,568 $ 9,663 $ — $ — $ 69,713 (1) Excludes $6.2 million of charge-offs for certain PCD loans against $8.7 million of allowance for credit losses on PCD loans recognized upon acquisition of a Venture Banking loan portfolio (included within Specialty Lending) from the FDIC on June 15, 2023. These PCD loans were originated in years 2016 to 2022. (2) Includes $7.0 million of charge-offs for commercial and industrial loans originated under the PPP that were subsequently determined to be ineligible for SBA forgiveness and guarantee and ultimately deemed uncollectible. Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year as of December 31, 2022 (amounts in thousands) 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Revolving loans amortized cost basis Revolving loans converted to term Total Commercial and industrial loans and leases, including specialty lending: Pass $ 3,206,250 $ 682,132 $ 242,516 $ 198,866 $ 56,572 $ 83,417 $ 2,066,349 $ — $ 6,536,102 Special mention 11,134 6,023 27,780 — 1,501 172 2,599 — 49,209 Substandard — 22,917 967 8,431 6,713 39,554 8,937 — 87,519 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total commercial and industrial loans and leases $ 3,217,384 $ 711,072 $ 271,263 $ 207,297 $ 64,786 $ 123,143 $ 2,077,885 $ — $ 6,672,830 Multifamily loans: Pass $ 1,260,544 $ 364,047 $ 130,656 $ 22,167 $ 112,212 $ 203,215 $ — $ — $ 2,092,841 Special mention — — — — 4,959 50,858 — — 55,817 Substandard — 1,500 — — — 62,861 — — 64,361 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total multifamily loans $ 1,260,544 $ 365,547 $ 130,656 $ 22,167 $ 117,171 $ 316,934 $ — $ — $ 2,213,019 Commercial real estate owner occupied loans: Pass $ 293,096 $ 220,515 $ 105,925 $ 90,752 $ 34,196 $ 121,616 $ — $ — $ 866,100 Special mention — — — — 134 1,841 — — 1,975 Substandard — — — 134 10,569 6,561 — — 17,264 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total commercial real estate owner occupied loans $ 293,096 $ 220,515 $ 105,925 $ 90,886 $ 44,899 $ 130,018 $ — $ — $ 885,339 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied loans: Pass $ 339,044 $ 119,304 $ 156,281 $ 73,827 $ 62,237 $ 386,235 $ — $ — $ 1,136,928 Special mention — — 21,211 — — 10,617 — — 31,828 Substandard 10,910 — — 28,656 8,198 74,210 — — 121,974 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total commercial real estate non-owner occupied loans $ 349,954 $ 119,304 $ 177,492 $ 102,483 $ 70,435 $ 471,062 $ — $ — $ 1,290,730 Construction loans: Pass $ 72,177 $ 36,114 $ 9,537 $ 28,644 $ 4,696 $ 9,112 $ 1,729 $ — $ 162,009 Special mention — — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total construction loans $ 72,177 $ 36,114 $ 9,537 $ 28,644 $ 4,696 $ 9,112 $ 1,729 $ — $ 162,009 Total commercial loans and leases receivable $ 5,193,155 $ 1,452,552 $ 694,873 $ 451,477 $ 301,987 $ 1,050,269 $ 2,079,614 $ — $ 11,223,927 Residential real estate loans: Performing $ 162,217 $ 148,217 $ 7,224 $ 17,128 $ 10,739 $ 77,762 $ 67,782 $ — $ 491,069 Non-performing 271 366 238 441 1,425 3,357 785 — 6,883 Total residential real estate loans $ 162,488 $ 148,583 $ 7,462 $ 17,569 $ 12,164 $ 81,119 $ 68,567 $ — $ 497,952 Manufactured housing loans: Performing $ — $ — $ — $ 213 $ 103 $ 41,918 $ — $ — 42,234 Non-performing — — — — — 2,842 — — 2,842 Total manufactured housing loans $ — $ — $ — $ 213 $ 103 $ 44,760 $ — $ — $ 45,076 Installment loans: Performing $ 785,699 $ 305,729 $ 100,173 $ 100,570 $ 8,430 $ 782 $ 64,690 $ — $ 1,366,073 Non-performing 5,164 4,356 1,023 1,111 61 59 92 — 11,866 Total installment loans $ 790,863 $ 310,085 $ 101,196 $ 101,681 $ 8,491 $ 841 $ 64,782 $ — $ 1,377,939 Total consumer loans $ 953,351 $ 458,668 $ 108,658 $ 119,463 $ 20,758 $ 126,720 $ 133,349 $ — $ 1,920,967 Loans and leases receivable $ 6,146,506 $ 1,911,220 $ 803,531 $ 570,940 $ 322,745 $ 1,176,989 $ 2,212,963 $ — $ 13,144,894 Loan Purchases and Sales Purchases and sales of loans held for investment were as follows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022: Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30, (amounts in thousands) 2023 2022 2023 2022 Purchases (1) Specialty lending $ — $ — $ 631,252 $ — Other commercial and industrial 4,977 — 15,285 — Commercial real estate owner occupied — — 2,867 — Residential real estate — 15,067 4,238 170,022 Personal installment (2) — 47,778 — 123,785 Other installment (2) 96,758 74,969 96,758 74,969 Total $ 101,735 $ 137,814 $ 750,400 $ 368,776 Sales (3) Specialty lending (4) $ — $ 2,200 $ 287,185 $ 2,200 Other commercial and industrial (5) 6,725 — 54,083 22,880 Multifamily — — — 2,879 Commercial real estate owner occupied (5) 5,671 — 24,522 8,960 Commercial real estate non- |