Loans Receivable and Allowance for Loan Losses | LOANS RECEIVABLE AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES The following table presents loans receivable as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 : September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015 (amounts in thousands) Commercial: Multi-family $ 3,150,298 $ 2,909,439 Commercial and industrial (including owner occupied commercial real estate) 1,296,721 1,111,400 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 1,151,099 956,255 Construction 83,835 87,240 Total commercial loans 5,681,953 5,064,334 Consumer: Residential real estate 227,122 271,613 Manufactured housing 104,404 113,490 Other 3,420 3,708 Total consumer loans 334,946 388,811 Total loans receivable 6,016,899 5,453,145 Deferred costs and unamortized premiums, net 96 334 Allowance for loan losses (37,897 ) (35,647 ) Loans receivable, net of allowance for loan losses $ 5,979,098 $ 5,417,832 The following tables summarize loans receivable by loan type and performance status as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 : September 30, 2016 30-89 Days Past Due (1) 90 Days Or More Past Due(1) Total Past Due (1) Non- Accrual Current (2) Purchased- Credit- Impaired Loans (3) Total Loans (4) (amounts in thousands) Multi-family $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 3,147,521 $ 2,777 $ 3,150,298 Commercial and industrial — — — 4,900 899,200 1,150 905,250 Commercial real estate - owner occupied — — — 2,071 376,482 12,918 391,471 Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied — — — 2,152 1,142,024 6,923 1,151,099 Construction — — — — 83,835 — 83,835 Residential real estate 1,182 — 1,182 2,238 215,766 7,936 227,122 Manufactured housing (5) 2,958 2,543 5,501 1,992 93,784 3,127 104,404 Other consumer 16 — 16 43 3,118 243 3,420 Total $ 4,156 $ 2,543 $ 6,699 $ 13,396 $ 5,961,730 $ 35,074 $ 6,016,899 December 31, 2015 30-89 Days Past Due (1) 90 Days Or More Past Due(1) Total Past Due (1) Non- Accrual Current (2) Purchased- Credit- Impaired Loans (3) Total Loans (4) (amounts in thousands) Multi-family $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 2,905,789 $ 3,650 $ 2,909,439 Commercial and industrial 39 — 39 1,973 799,595 1,552 803,159 Commercial real estate - owner occupied 268 — 268 2,700 292,312 12,961 308,241 Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied 1,997 — 1,997 1,307 940,895 12,056 956,255 Construction — — — — 87,006 234 87,240 Residential real estate 2,986 — 2,986 2,202 257,984 8,441 271,613 Manufactured housing (5) 3,752 2,805 6,557 2,449 101,132 3,352 113,490 Other consumer 107 — 107 140 3,227 234 3,708 Total $ 9,149 $ 2,805 $ 11,954 $ 10,771 $ 5,387,940 $ 42,480 $ 5,453,145 (1) Includes past due loans that are accruing interest because collection is considered probable. (2) Loans where next payment due is less than 30 days from the report date. (3) Purchased-credit-impaired loans aggregated into a pool are accounted for as a single asset with a single composite interest rate and an aggregate expectation of cash flows, and the past due status of the pools, or that of the individual loans within the pools, is not meaningful. Because of the credit impaired nature of the loans, the loans are recorded at a discount reflecting estimated future cash flows and the Bank recognizes interest income on each pool of loans reflecting the estimated yield and passage of time. Such loans are considered to be performing. Purchased-credit-impaired loans that are not in pools accrete interest when the timing and amount of their expected cash flows are reasonably estimable, and are reported as performing loans. (4) Amounts exclude deferred costs and fees, unamortized premiums and discounts, and the allowance for loan losses. (5) Manufactured housing loans purchased in 2010 are subject to cash reserves held at the Bank that are used to fund past-due payments when the loan becomes 90 days or more delinquent. Subsequent purchases are subject to varying provisions in the event of borrowers’ delinquencies. As of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Bank had $0.9 million and $1.2 million , respectively, of residential real estate held in other real estate owned. As of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Bank had initiated foreclosure proceedings on $0.5 million and $0.6 million , respectively, on loans secured by residential real estate. Allowance for loan losses During second quarter 2015, the Bank refined its methodology for estimating the general allowance for loan losses. Previously, the general allowance for the portion of the loan portfolio originated after December 31, 2009 ("Post 2009 loan portfolio") was based generally on qualitative factors due to insufficient historical loss data on the portfolio. During second quarter 2015, the Bank began using objectively verifiable industry and peer loss data to estimate probable incurred losses as of the balance sheet date for the Post 2009 loan portfolio until sufficient internal loss history is available. The same methodology was also adopted for the portion of the loan portfolio originated on or before December 31, 2009 ("Legacy loan portfolio") that had no loss history over the past two years. The changes in the allowance for loan losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 and the loans and allowance for loan losses by loan class based on impairment evaluation method as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 are as follows. The amounts presented for the provision for loan losses below do not include the effect of changes to estimated benefits resulting from the FDIC loss share arrangements for the covered loans for periods prior to the termination of the FDIC loss sharing arrangements. Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 Multi-family Commercial and Industrial Commercial Real Estate Owner Occupied Commercial Construction Residential Manufactured Other Consumer Total (amounts in thousands) Ending Balance, June 30, 2016 $ 12,368 $ 10,370 $ 1,582 $ 8,483 $ 1,209 $ 3,535 $ 440 $ 110 $ 38,097 Charge-offs — (237 ) — (140 ) — (43 ) — (246 ) (666 ) Recoveries — 62 — — 8 298 — 10 378 Provision for loan losses (695 ) 832 305 3 (168 ) (411 ) (18 ) 240 88 Ending Balance, September 30, 2016 $ 11,673 $ 11,027 $ 1,887 $ 8,346 $ 1,049 $ 3,379 $ 422 $ 114 $ 37,897 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 Ending Balance, December 31, 2015 $ 12,016 $ 8,864 $ 1,348 $ 8,420 $ 1,074 $ 3,298 $ 494 $ 133 $ 35,647 Charge-offs — (774 ) — (140 ) — (456 ) — (478 ) (1,848 ) Recoveries — 173 — 8 465 299 — 10 955 Provision for loan losses (343 ) 2,764 539 58 (490 ) 238 (72 ) 449 3,143 Ending Balance, September 30, 2016 $ 11,673 $ 11,027 $ 1,887 $ 8,346 $ 1,049 $ 3,379 $ 422 $ 114 $ 37,897 As of September 30, 2016 Loans: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 4,538 $ 30,275 $ 10,523 $ 10,659 $ — $ 3,999 $ 9,091 $ 42 $ 69,127 Collectively evaluated for impairment 3,142,983 873,825 368,030 1,133,517 83,835 215,187 92,186 3,135 5,912,698 Loans acquired with credit deterioration 2,777 1,150 12,918 6,923 — 7,936 3,127 243 35,074 $ 3,150,298 $ 905,250 $ 391,471 $ 1,151,099 $ 83,835 $ 227,122 $ 104,404 $ 3,420 $ 6,016,899 Allowance for loan losses: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 195 $ 3,119 $ — $ 27 $ — $ 63 $ — $ — $ 3,404 Collectively evaluated for impairment 11,478 7,771 1,857 4,581 1,049 2,515 95 57 29,403 Loans acquired with credit deterioration — 137 30 3,738 — 801 327 57 5,090 $ 11,673 $ 11,027 $ 1,887 $ 8,346 $ 1,049 $ 3,379 $ 422 $ 114 $ 37,897 Three Months Ended September 30, 2015 Multi-family Commercial and Industrial Commercial Real Estate Owner Occupied Commercial Construction Residential Manufactured Other Consumer Total (amounts in thousands) Ending Balance, June 30, 2015 $ 8,734 $ 14,062 $ 3,651 $ 6,310 $ 844 $ 3,455 $ 316 $ 119 $ 37,491 Charge-offs — (5,559 ) (35 ) (82 ) — (256 ) — — (5,932 ) Recoveries — 248 13 — 8 — — 6 275 Provision for loan losses 472 1,678 (370 ) (109 ) 258 (5 ) 70 (5 ) 1,989 Ending Balance, September 30, 2015 $ 9,206 $ 10,429 $ 3,259 $ 6,119 $ 1,110 $ 3,194 $ 386 $ 120 $ 33,823 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 Ending Balance, December 31, 2014 $ 8,493 $ 4,784 $ 4,336 $ 9,198 $ 1,047 $ 2,698 $ 262 $ 114 $ 30,932 Charge-offs — (6,793 ) (378 ) (327 ) (1,064 ) (282 ) — (36 ) (8,880 ) Recoveries — 351 14 — 195 572 — 91 1,223 Provision for loan losses 713 12,087 (713 ) (2,752 ) 932 206 124 (49 ) 10,548 Ending Balance, September 30, 2015 $ 9,206 $ 10,429 $ 3,259 $ 6,119 $ 1,110 $ 3,194 $ 386 $ 120 $ 33,823 As of December 31, 2015 Loans: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 661 $ 17,621 $ 8,329 $ 4,831 $ — $ 4,726 $ 8,300 $ 140 $ 44,608 Collectively evaluated for impairment 2,905,128 783,986 286,951 939,368 87,006 258,446 101,838 3,334 5,366,057 Loans acquired with credit deterioration 3,650 1,552 12,961 12,056 234 8,441 3,352 234 42,480 $ 2,909,439 $ 803,159 $ 308,241 $ 956,255 $ 87,240 $ 271,613 $ 113,490 $ 3,708 $ 5,453,145 Allowance for loan losses: Individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 1,990 $ 1 $ 148 $ — $ 84 $ — $ 50 $ 2,273 Collectively evaluated for impairment 12,016 6,650 1,347 3,858 1,074 2,141 98 28 27,212 Loans acquired with credit deterioration — 224 — 4,414 — 1,073 396 55 6,162 $ 12,016 $ 8,864 $ 1,348 $ 8,420 $ 1,074 $ 3,298 $ 494 $ 133 $ 35,647 Certain manufactured housing loans were purchased in August 2010. A portion of the purchase price may be used to reimburse the Bank under the specified terms in the purchase agreement for defaults of the underlying borrower and other specified items. At September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , funds available for reimbursement, if necessary, were $0.7 million and $1.2 million , respectively. Each quarter, these funds are evaluated to determine if they would be sufficient to absorb the probable incurred losses within the manufactured housing portfolio. Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment The following tables present the recorded investment (net of charge-offs), unpaid principal balance, and related allowance by loan type for loans that are individually evaluated for impairment as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 and the average recorded investment and interest income recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 . Purchased-credit-impaired loans are considered to be performing and are not included in the tables below. September 30, 2016 Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 Nine Months Ended Recorded Investment Net of Charge offs Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized (amounts in thousands) With no related allowance recorded: Multi-family $ 4,159 $ 4,159 $ — $ 2,080 $ 38 $ 1,205 $ 38 Commercial and industrial 22,885 23,919 — 21,859 406 18,681 879 Commercial real estate owner occupied 10,523 10,523 — 10,182 201 9,651 403 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 10,539 10,678 — 7,983 118 6,081 133 Other consumer 42 42 — 43 — 45 — Residential real estate 3,799 3,842 — 3,835 39 4,039 83 Manufactured housing 9,091 9,091 — 8,971 9 8,785 290 With an allowance recorded: Multi-family 379 379 195 383 5 290 15 Commercial and industrial 7,390 7,390 3,119 7,561 43 7,256 155 Commercial real estate owner occupied — — — — — 6 — Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 120 120 27 328 2 438 6 Other consumer — — — — — 36 — Residential real estate 200 200 63 300 — 421 — Manufactured housing — — — — — — — Total $ 69,127 $ 70,343 $ 3,404 $ 63,525 $ 861 $ 56,934 $ 2,002 December 31, 2015 Three Months Ended September 30, 2015 Nine Months Ended Recorded Investment Net of Charge offs Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized (amounts in thousands) With no related allowance recorded: Multi-family $ 661 $ 661 $ — $ 203 $ 5 $ 101 $ 5 Commercial and industrial 12,056 13,028 — 7,597 102 9,179 500 Commercial real estate owner occupied 8,317 8,317 — 6,431 103 7,617 288 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 4,276 4,276 — 7,803 137 6,937 514 Construction — — — 335 — 1,330 — Other consumer 48 48 — 49 1 35 1 Residential real estate 4,331 4,331 — 4,044 20 3,910 62 Manufactured housing 8,300 8,300 — 7,061 131 4,855 339 With an allowance recorded: Commercial and industrial 5,565 5,914 1,990 12,640 26 8,420 332 Commercial real estate - owner occupied 12 12 1 13 66 200 66 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 555 555 148 664 4 821 9 Other consumer 92 92 50 93 — 88 — Residential real estate 395 395 84 474 1 419 1 Total $ 44,608 $ 45,929 $ 2,273 $ 47,407 $ 596 $ 43,912 $ 2,117 Troubled Debt Restructurings At September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , there were $14.2 million and $11.4 million , respectively, in loans reported as troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”). TDRs are reported as impaired loans in the calendar year of their restructuring and are evaluated to determine whether they should be placed on non-accrual status. In subsequent years, a TDR may be returned to accrual status if it satisfies a minimum six -month performance requirement; however, it will remain classified as impaired. Generally, the Bank requires sustained performance for nine months before returning a TDR to accrual status. Modification of purchased-credit-impaired loans that are accounted for within loan pools in accordance with the accounting standards for purchased-credit-impaired loans do not result in the removal of these loans from the pool even if modifications would otherwise be considered a TDR. Accordingly, as each pool is accounted for as a single asset with a single composite interest rate and an aggregate expectation of cash flows, modifications of loans within such pools are not considered TDRs. The following is an analysis of loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring by type of concession for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 . There were no modifications that involved forgiveness of debt. Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 Three Months Ended September 30, 2015 Number Recorded Number Recorded (dollars in thousands) Extensions of maturity — $ — 1 $ 183 Interest-rate reductions 10 533 21 705 Total 10 $ 533 22 $ 888 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 Number Recorded Number Recorded (dollars in thousands) Extensions of maturity 3 $ 1,995 1 $ 183 Interest-rate reductions 49 1,932 131 5,747 Total 52 $ 3,927 132 $ 5,930 The following table provides, by loan type, the number of loans modified in troubled debt restructurings, and the related recorded investment, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 . Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 Three Months Ended September 30, 2015 Number Recorded Number Recorded (dollars in thousands) Commercial and industrial — $ — 1 $ 183 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied — — — — Manufactured housing 10 533 20 699 Residential real estate — — 1 6 Total loans 10 $ 533 22 $ 888 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 Number Recorded Number Recorded (dollars in thousands) Commercial and industrial 1 $ 76 2 $ 527 Commercial real estate non-owner occupied 1 1,844 1 209 Manufactured housing 47 1,716 127 4,993 Residential real estate 3 291 2 201 Total loans 52 $ 3,927 132 $ 5,930 As of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , there were no commitments to lend additional funds to debtors whose terms have been modified in TDRs. As of September 30, 2016 , five manufactured housing loans totaling $0.1 million that were modified in TDRs within the past twelve months, defaulted on payments. As of September 30, 2015 , five manufactured housing loans totaling $0.2 million that were modified in TDRs within the past twelve months, defaulted on payments. Loans modified in troubled debt restructurings are evaluated for impairment. The nature and extent of impairment of TDRs, including those which have experienced a subsequent default, is considered in the determination of an appropriate level of allowance for loan losses. There was one specific allowance as a result of TDR modifications during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 , totaling $29 thousand for one commercial real estate non-owner occupied loan. There was one specific allowance resulting from TDR modifications during the three months ended September 30, 2015 , totaling $140 thousand for one commercial and industrial loan. There were three specific allowances from TDR modifications during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 , totaling $208 thousand for two commercial and industrial loans, and $25 thousand for one commercial real estate non-owner occupied loan. Purchased Credit Impaired Loans The changes in accretable yield related to purchased-credit-impaired loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 were as follows: Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 2015 (amounts in thousands) Accretable yield balance as of June 30, $ 11,165 $ 14,302 Accretion to interest income (460 ) (551 ) Reclassification from nonaccretable difference and disposals, net 107 10 Accretable yield balance as of September 30, $ 10,812 $ 13,761 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 2015 (amounts in thousands) Accretable yield balance as of December 31, $ 12,947 $ 17,606 Accretion to interest income (1,429 ) (1,790 ) Reclassification from nonaccretable difference and disposals, net (706 ) (2,055 ) Accretable yield balance as of September 30, $ 10,812 $ 13,761 Allowance for Loan Losses and the FDIC Loss Sharing Receivable and Clawback Liability Losses incurred on covered loans were eligible for partial reimbursement by the FDIC. Subsequent to the purchase date, the expected cash flows on the covered loans were subject to evaluation. Decreases in the present value of expected cash flows on the covered loans were recognized by increasing the allowance for loan losses with a related charge to the provision for loan losses. At the same time, the FDIC indemnification asset was increased reflecting an estimated future collection from the FDIC, which was recorded as a reduction to the provision for loan losses. If the expected cash flows on the covered loans increased such that a previously recorded impairment could be reversed, the Bank recorded a reduction in the allowance for loan losses (with a related credit to the provision for loan losses) accompanied by a reduction in the FDIC receivable balance (with a related charge to the provision for loan losses). Increases in expected cash flows on covered loans and decreases in expected cash flows from the FDIC loss sharing receivable, when there are no previously recorded impairments, were considered together and recognized over the remaining life of the loans as interest income. Decreases in the valuations of other real estate owned covered by the loss sharing agreements were recorded net of the estimated FDIC receivable as an increase to other real estate owned expense (a component of non-interest expense). On July 11, 2016, Customers entered into an agreement to terminate all existing rights and obligations pursuant to the loss sharing agreements with the FDIC. In connection with the termination agreement, Customers paid the FDIC $1.4 million as final payment under these agreements. The negotiated settlement amount was based on net losses incurred on the covered assets through September 30, 2015, adjusted for cash payments to and receipts from the FDIC as part of the December 31, 2015 and March 31, 2016 certifications. Consequently, loans and other real estate owned previously reported as covered assets pursuant to the loss sharing agreements were no longer presented as covered assets as of June 30, 2016. The following table presents changes in the allowance for loan losses and the FDIC loss sharing receivable, including the effects of the estimated clawback liability and the termination agreement, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 . Allowance for Loan Losses Three Months Ended September 30, (amounts in thousands) 2016 2015 Ending balance as of June 30, $ 38,097 $ 37,491 Provision for loan losses (1) 88 1,989 Charge-offs (666 ) (5,932 ) Recoveries 378 275 Ending balance as of September 30, $ 37,897 $ 33,823 FDIC Loss Sharing Receivable/ Clawback Liability Three Months Ended September 30, (amounts in thousands) 2016 2015 Ending balance as of June 30, $ (1,381 ) $ (1,455 ) Increased (decreased) estimated cash flows (2) — (105 ) Increased estimated cash flows from covered OREO (a) — 3,138 Other activity, net (b) — 61 Cash payments to (receipts from) the FDIC 1,381 (1,437 ) Ending balance as of September 30, $ — $ 202 (1) Provision for loan losses $ 88 $ 1,989 (2) Effect attributable to FDIC loss share arrangements — 105 Net amount reported as provision for loan losses $ 88 $ 2,094 (a) Recorded as a reduction to Other Real Estate Owned expense (a component of non-interest expense). (b) Includes external costs, such as legal fees, real estate taxes, and appraisal expenses, which qualify for reimbursement under loss sharing agreements. Allowance for Loan Losses Nine months ended September 30, (amounts in thousands) 2016 2015 Ending balance as of December 31, $ 35,647 $ 30,932 Provision for loan losses (1) 3,143 10,548 Charge-offs (1,848 ) (8,880 ) Recoveries 955 1,223 Ending balance as of September 30, $ 37,897 $ 33,823 FDIC Loss Sharing Receivable/ Clawback Liability Nine months ended September 30, (amounts in thousands) 2016 2015 Ending balance as of December 31, $ (2,083 ) $ 2,320 Increased (decreased) estimated cash flows (2) 289 (3,845 ) Increased estimated cash flows from covered OREO (a) — 3,138 Other activity, net (b) (255 ) 529 Cash payments to (receipts from) the FDIC 2,049 (1,940 ) Ending balance as of September 30, $ — $ 202 (1) Provision for loan losses $ 3,143 $ 10,548 (2) Effect attributable to FDIC loss share arrangements (289 ) 3,845 Net amount reported as provision for loan losses $ 2,854 $ 14,393 (a) Recorded as a reduction to Other Real Estate Owned expense (a component of non-interest expense). (b) Includes external costs, such as legal fees, real estate taxes, and appraisal expenses, which qualify for reimbursement under loss sharing agreements. Credit Quality Indicators Multi-family, commercial and industrial, owner occupied commercial real estate, non-owner occupied commercial real estate, construction, and residential real estate loans are rated based on an internally assigned risk rating system which is assigned at the time of loan origination and reviewed on a periodic, or on an “as needed,” basis. Manufactured housing and other consumer loans are evaluated based on the payment activity of the loan and individual loans are not assigned an internal risk rating unless delinquent. To facilitate the monitoring of credit quality within the multi-family, commercial and industrial, owner occupied commercial real estate, non-owner occupied commercial real estate, construction and residential real estate classes, and for purposes of analyzing historical loss rates used in the determination of the allowance for loan losses for the respective portfolio class, the Bank utilizes the following categories of risk ratings: pass/satisfactory (includes risk rating 1 through 6), special mention, substandard, doubtful, and loss. The risk rating categories, which are derived from standard regulatory rating definitions, are assigned upon initial approval of credit to borrowers and updated periodically thereafter. Pass/satisfactory ratings, which are assigned to those borrowers who do not have identified potential or well-defined weaknesses and for whom there is a high likelihood of orderly repayment, are updated periodically based on the size and credit characteristics of the borrower. All other categories are updated on a quarterly basis during the month preceding the end of the calendar quarter. While assigning risk ratings involves judgment, the risk-rating process allows management to identify riskier credits in a timely manner and allocate the appropriate resources to manage those loans. The risk rating grades are defined as follows: “1” – Pass / Excellent Loans rated 1 represent a credit extension of the highest quality. The borrower’s historic (at least five years) cash flows manifest extremely large and stable margins of coverage. Balance sheets are conservative, well capitalized, and liquid. After considering debt service for proposed and existing debt, projected cash flows continue to be strong and provide ample coverage. The borrower typically reflects broad geographic and product diversification and has access to alternative financial markets. “2” – Pass / Superior Loans rated 2 are those for which the borrower has a strong financial condition, balance sheet, operations, cash flow, debt capacity and coverage with ratios better than industry norms. The borrowers of these loans exhibit a limited leverage position, are virtually immune to local economies, and are in stable growing industries. The management team is well respected and the company has ready access to public markets. “3” – Pass / Strong Loans rated 3 are those loans for which the borrowers have above average financial condition and flexibility; more than satisfactory debt service coverage; balance sheet and operating ratios are consistent with or better than industry peers; operate in industries with little risk; move in diversified markets; and are experienced and competent in their industry. These borrowers’ access to capital markets is limited mostly to private sources, often secured, but the borrower typically has access to a wide range of refinancing alternatives. “4” – Pass / Good Loans rated 4 have a sound primary and secondary source of repayment. The borrower may have access to alternative sources of financing, but sources are not as widely available as they are to a higher grade borrower. These loans carry a normal level of risk, with very low loss exposure. The borrower has the ability to perform according to the terms of the credit facility. The margins of cash flow coverage are satisfactory but vulnerable to more rapid deterioration than the higher quality loans. “5” – Satisfactory Loans rated 5 are extended to borrowers who are determined to be a reasonable credit risk and demonstrate the ability to repay the debt from normal business operations. Risk factors may include reliability of margins and cash flows, liquidity, dependence on a single product or industry, cyclical trends, depth of management, or limited access to alternative financing sources. The borrower’s historical financial information may indicate erratic performance, but current trends are positive and the quality of financial information is adequate, but is not as detailed and sophisticated as information found on higher grade loans. If adverse circumstances arise, the impact on the borrower may be significant. “6” – Satisfactory / Bankable with Care Loans rated 6 are those for which the borrower has higher than normal credit risk; however, cash flow and asset values are generally intact. These borrowers may exhibit declining financial characteristics, with increasing leverage and decreasing liquidity and may have limited resources and access to financial alternatives. Signs of weakness in these borrowers may include delinquent taxes, trade slowness and eroding profit margins. “7” – Special Mention Loans rated Special Mention are credit facilities that may have potential developing weaknesses and deserve extra attention from the account manager and other management personnel. In the event potential weaknesses are not corrected or mitigated, deterioration in the ability of the borrower to repay the debt in the future may occur. This grade is not assigned to loans that bear certain peculiar risks normally associated with the type of financing involved, unless circumstances have caused the risk to increase to a level higher than would have been acceptable when the credit was originally approved. Loans where significant actual, not potential, weaknesses or problems are clearly evident are graded in the category below. “8” – Substandard Loans are classified Substandard when the loans are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and payment capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified must have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt and are characterized by the distinct possibility that the company will sustain some loss if the weaknesses are not corrected. “9” – Doubtful The Bank assigns a doubtful rating to loans that have all the attributes of a substandard rating with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important and reasonable specific pending factors that may work to the advantage of and strengthen the credit quality of the loan, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined. Pending factors may include a proposed merger or acquisition, liquidation proceeding, capital injection, perfecting liens on additional collateral or refinancing plans. “10” – Loss The Bank assigns a loss rating to loans considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as an active asset is not warranted. Amounts classified as loss are immediately charged off. Risk ratings are not established for certain consumer loans, including home equity, manufactured housing, and installment loans, mainly because these portfolios consist of a larger number of homogeneous loans with smaller balances. Instead, these portfolios are evaluated for risk mainly based upon aggregate payment history through the monitoring of delinquency levels and trends and are classified as performing and non-performing. The following tables present the credit ratings of loans receivable as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 . September 30, 2016 Multi-family Commercial and Industrial Commercial Real Estate Owner Occupied Commercial Real Estate Non-Owner Occupied Construction Residential Real Estate Manufactured Housing Other Consumer Total (amounts in thousands) Pass/Satisfactory $ 3,145,089 $ 874,940 $ 377,917 $ 1,140,415 $ 83,835 $ 224,113 $ — $ — $ 5,846,309 Special Mention 379 23,147 9,032 8,544 — — — — 41,102 Substandard 4,830 7,163 4,522 2,140 — 3,009 — — 21,664 Performing (1) — — — — — — 96,911 3,361 100,272 Non-performing (2) — — — — — — 7,493 59 7,552 Total $ 3,150,298 $ 905,250 $ 391,471 $ 1,151,099 $ 83,835 $ 227,122 $ 104,404 $ 3,420 $ 6,016,899 December 31, 2015 Multi-family Commercial Commercial Commercial Real Estate Non-Owner Occupied Construction Residential Manufactured Other Consumer Total (amounts in thousands) Pass/Satisfactory $ 2,907,362 $ 784,892 $ 295,762 $ 950,886 $ 87,240 $ 268,210 $ — $ — $ 5,294,352 Special Mention 661 14,052 7,840 1,671 — 282 — — 24,506 Substandard 1,416 4,215 4,639 3,698 — 3,121 — — 17,089 Performing (1) — — — — — — 104,484 3,461 107,945 Non-performing (2) — — — — — — 9,006 247 9,253 Total $ 2,909,439 $ 803,159 $ 308,241 $ 956,255 $ 87,240 $ 271,613 $ 113,490 $ 3,708 $ 5,453,145 (1) Includes consumer and other installment loans not subject to risk ratings. (2) Includes loans that are past due and still accruing interest and loans on nonaccrual status. |