Financial Instruments [Text Block] | 7. Financial Instruments Cash Concentration ― Our cash equivalents are placed in high-quality commercial paper, money market funds and time deposits with major international banks and financial institutio ns. Market Risks —We are exposed to market risks, such as changes in commodity pricing, currency exchange rates and interest rates. To manage the volatility related to these exposures, we selectively enter into derivative transactions pursuant to our risk management policies. Derivative instruments are recorded at fair value on the balance sheet. Gains and losses related to changes in the fair value of derivative instruments not designated as hedges are recorded in earnings. For derivatives that have been d esignated as fair value hedges, the gains and losses of the derivatives and hedged instruments are recorded in earnings. For derivatives designated as cash flow and net investment hedges, the effective portion of the gains and losses is recorded in O ther c omprehensive income (loss). The ineffective portion of cash flow and net investment hedges is recorded in earnings. Marketable Securities ―We invest cash in investment-grade securities for periods generally not exceeding two years. Investments in securitie s with original maturities of three months or less are classified as Cash and cash equivalents. At September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , we had marketable securities classified as Cash and cash equivalents of $ 249 million and $ 575 million, respe ctively. We also have investments in marketable securities classified as available-for-sale and held-to-maturity . These securities are included in Short-term investments on the Consolidated Balance Sheets . Investments classified as available-for-sa le are carried at estimated fair value with unrealized gains and losses recorded as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”). Investment s classified as held-to-maturity are carried at amortized cost. We periodically review our available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities for other-than-temporary declines in fair value below the cost basis, and when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable, the investment is written down to fair value, establishing a new cost basis. Repurchase Agreements ― W e invest in tri-party repurchase agreements . Under these agreements, we make cash purchases of securities according to a pre-agreed profile from our counterparties . The counterparties have an obligation to repurchase, and we have an obligation to sell, the same or substantially the same securities at a pre-defined date for a price equal to the purchase price plus interest . These securities, which pursuant to our internal polic ies, are held by a third-party cu stodian and must g enerally have a minimum collateral value of 102%, secure the counterparty’s obligation to repurchase the securities . Depending upon maturity, t hese tri-party repurchase agreements are treated as short-term loans receivable and are reflected in Prepaid expe nses and other current assets or as long-term loans receivable reflected in Other investments and long-term receivables on our Consolidated Balance Sheets . The balance of our investment at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 was $ 296 million and $ 387 million, respectively Commodity Prices ―We are exposed to commodity price volatility related to anticipated purchases of natural gas liquids, crude oil and other raw materials and sales of our products. We selectively use over-the counter commodity swaps, options and exchange traded futures contracts with various terms to manage the volatility related to these risks. In addition, we are exposed to volatility on the prices of precious metals to the extent that we have obligations, classified as embedded derivatives, tied to the price of precious metals associated with secured borrowings. All aforementioned contracts are generally limited to durations of one year or less. At September 30, 2016 , commodity futures contracts in the notional amount of $119 millio n , maturing from October 2016 to January 2017 , were outstanding. Foreign Currency Rates ―We have significant worldwide operations. The functional currencies of our consolidated subsidiaries through which we operate are primarily the U.S. dollar and the euro. We enter into transactions denominated in currencies other than our designated functional cur rencies. As a result, we are exposed to foreign currency risk on receivables and payables. We maintain risk management control policies intended to monitor foreign currency risk attributable to our outstanding foreign currency balances. These control polic ies involve the centralization of foreign currency exposure management, the offsetting of exposures and the estimating of expected impacts of changes in foreign currency rates on our earnings. We enter into foreign currency forward contracts to reduce the effects of our net currency exchange exposures. At September 30, 2016 , foreign currency forward contracts in the notional amount of $ 28 1 million, maturing from October 201 6 through December 201 6 , were outstanding. For forward contracts that economically hedge recognized monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currencies and that are not designated as net investment hedges , no hedge accounting is applied. Changes in the fair value of foreign currency forward contracts, which are reported i n the Consolidated Statements of Income, are offset in part by the currency translation results recognized on the assets and liabilities. Foreign Currency Gain (Loss) ―Other income, net, in the Consolidated Statements of Income reflected a gain of $ 1 million and a loss of $ 5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 , and gains of $ 3 million and $ 7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 , respectively. Basis Swaps— In 2015, we entered into € 850 million of cross-currency floating-to-floating interest rate swaps (“basis swaps”) to reduce the volatility in stockholders ’ equity resulting from changes in currency exchange rates of our foreign subsidiaries with respect to the U.S. dollar . Under the terms of these contracts, which have been designated as net investment hedges, we will make interest payments in euros at 3 Mon th EURIBOR plus basis and will receive interest in U.S. dollars at 3 Month LIBOR. Upon the maturities of these contracts, we will pay the principal amount in euros and receive U.S. dollars from our counterparties. We use the long-haul method to assess hedg e effectiveness using a regression analysis approach under the hypothetical derivative method. We perform the regression analysis of our basis swap contracts at least on a quarterly basis over an observation period of three years, utilizing data that is re levant to the hedge duration. We use the forward method to measure ineffectiveness. The effective portion of the unrealized gains and losses on these basis swap contracts is reported within Foreign currency translation adjustments in Accumulated other comp rehensive loss and reclassified to earnings only when realized upon the sale or upon complete or substantially complete liquidation of the investment in the foreign entity. Cash flow s from basis swaps are reported in Cash flows from investing activities in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. In September 2016, € 450 million of our basis swaps expired . Upon settlement of these basis swap contracts , which had a notional value of $ 500 million, we paid € 450 million ($ 506 million at the expiry spot rate) to our counterparties and received $ 500 million from our counterparties . The $ 6 million loss is reflected in foreign currency translation adjustments in Accumulated other comprehensive loss. Cash flows from the settlement of these basis swap contracts are reported in Cash flows from investing activities in the Consolidated Statement s of Cash Flows. There was no ineffectiveness recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 related to these basis swaps. The following table summarizes the notional and fair value of our basis swaps outstanding: September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015 Millions of dollars Notional Value Fair Value Liabilities Notional Value Fair Value Assets Basis swaps expiring in 2016 $ - $ - $ 500 $ 10 Basis swaps expiring in 2017 305 (2) 305 6 Basis swaps expiring in 2018 139 (1) 139 2 Forward Exchange Contracts— In 2015, we entered into forward exchange contracts with an aggregate notional value of € 750 million ($ 795 million) to mitigate the risk associated with the fluctuations in the Euro to U.S. d ollar exchange rate related to our investments in foreign subsidiaries. These forward exchange contracts, which were designated as net investment hedges, expired on March 31, 2016. Upon settlement of these contracts, we paid € 750 million ($ 850 million at the expiry spot rate) to our counte rparties and received $ 795 million from our counterparties. The $ 55 million difference, which includes a $ 3 0 million loss in the first quarter of 2016, is reflected within foreign currency translation adjustments in Accumulated other comprehensive loss. Ca sh flows from these forward exchange contracts are reported in Cash flows from investing activities in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. There was no ineffectiveness recorded for this hedging relationship during the three months ended March 31, 2016 . Guaranteed Euro Notes Due 2022 —In March 2016, we issued euro d en ominated notes payable due 2022 (“Euro notes”) with notional amounts totaling € 750 million . To mitigate the risk to our investments in foreign subsidiaries associated with fluctuations in the euro to U.S. d ollar exchange rate, we designated the se Euro notes as a net investment hedge . We use the critical terms match to assess both prospective and retrospective hedge effectiveness by comparing the spot rate change in the Euro notes and the spot rate change in the designated net investment . We use the hypothetical derivative method to measure hedge ineffectiveness. The effective portion of the gain or loss is recorded within foreig n currency translation adjustments in Accumulated other comprehensive loss and will be reclassified to earnings only when realized upon the sale of or the complete or substantially complete liquidation of the investment in the foreign entity. In periods wh ere the hedging relationship is deemed ineffective, changes in remeasurement of the Euro notes due to changes in the spot exchange rate will be recorded directly to Other income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Cash flows related to our Euro notes are reported in Cash flows from financing activities and related interest payments are reported in Cash flows from operating activities in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. There was no ineffectiveness recorded for this hedging relationship in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 . Cross - Currency Swaps — We have cross-currency swap contracts that reduce our exposure to the foreign currency exchange risk associated with certain intercompany loans. Under the terms of these contracts, which have been designated as cash flow hedges, we make interest payments in euros and receive interest in U.S. dollars. Upon the maturities of these contracts, we will pay the principal amount of the loans in euros and receive U.S. dollars from our counterparties. We use the long-haul method to assess he dge effectiveness using a regression analysis approach under the hypothetical derivative method. We perform the regression analysis over an observation period of three years, utilizing data that is relevant to the hedge duration. We use the dollar offset m ethod under the hypothetical derivative method to measure ineffectiveness. The effective portion of the unrealized gains and losses on these cross-currency swap contracts is reported in Accumulated other comprehensive loss and reclassified to earnings ove r the period that the hedged intercompany loans affect earnings based on changes in spot rates. The ineffective portion of the unrealized gains and losses is recorded directly to Other income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Income. In addition, the swaps are marked-to-market each reporting period with the euro notional values measured based on the current foreign exchange spot rate. There was no ineffectiveness recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and the year ended D ecember 31, 2015 . The following table summarizes our cross-currency swaps outstanding: September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015 Millions of dollars, except Expiration Average Notional Fair Notional Fair expiration date and rates Date Interest Rate Value Value Value Value Pay Euro 2021 4.55% $ 1,000 $ 117 $ 1,000 $ 141 Receive U.S. dollars 6.00% Pay Euro 2024 4.37% 1,000 113 1,000 145 Receive U.S. dollars 5.75% Pay Euro 2027 3.69% 300 (5) 300 14 Receive U.S. dollars 5.49% Forward-Starting Interest Rate Swaps— In March 2015, we entered into forward-starting interest rate swaps to mitigate the risk of adverse changes in the benchmark interest rates on the anticipated refinancing of our senior notes due 2019 . These interest rate swaps will be terminated upon debt issuance. The total notional amount of these forward-starting interest rate swaps was $ 1,000 million at September 30, 2016 . The ineffectiveness recorded for this hedging relationship were losses of less than $1 million an d $1 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 , respectively , and losses of less than $1 million during each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015. In January 2015, we entered into forward-starting interest rate s waps with a total notional value of $ 750 million to mitigate the risk of adverse changes in the benchmark interest rates on the Company’s planned issuance of fixed-rate debt in 2015. These forward-starting interest rate swaps were ter minated upon issuance of the $ 1,000 million senior notes due 2055 in March 2015. The ineffectiveness recorded for this hedging relationship was less than $1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 . W e elected to designate these forward-starting interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges. The effective portion of the gain or loss is recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss. In periods where the hedging relationship is deemed ineffective, the ineffective portion of the changes in the fair value will be recorded as Interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income. We use a regression analysis approach under the hypothetical derivative method to assess both prospective and retrospective hedge effectiveness. We use the dollar-offset method under the hypothetic al derivative method to measure hedge ineffectiveness. There was no settlement of our forward-starting swap agreements during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 . W e recognized a gain of $ 15 million in A ccumulated other comprehensive loss related to the settlement of our forward-starting interest rate swap agreements in 2015. The related deferred gains and losses recognized in A ccumula ted other comprehensive loss are amortized to interest expense over the original term of the related swaps using the effective interest method. As of September 30, 2016 , less than $1 million (on a pretax basis) is scheduled to be reclassified as an increase to interest expense over the next twelve months . Fixed-for-Floating Interest Rate Swap s — W e have U.S. dollar fixed-for-floating interest rate swaps with third party financial institution s to mitigate changes in the fair value of our $ 2,000 million 5 % senior notes due 2019 associated with the risk of variability in the 3 Month U SD LIBOR rate (the benchmark interest rate) . T hese interest rate swaps are used as part of our current interest rate risk management strategy to achieve a desired proportion of variable versus fixed rate debt . Under these arrang ements, we exchange fixed-rate for floating-rate interest payments to effectively convert our fixed - rate debt to floating rate - debt . The fixed and variable cash payments related to the interest rate swaps are net settled semi-annually and classified as Oth er, net, in the Cash flows from operating activities section of the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows . W e have elected to designate these fixed-for-floating interest rate swaps as fair value hedges . We use the long-haul method to assess hedge effective ness using a regression analysis approach. We perform the regression analysis over an observation period of three years, utilizing data that is relevant to the hedge duration. We use the dollar offset method to measure ineffectiveness. C hanges in the fair value of the derivatives and changes in the value of the hedged items based on changes in the benchmark interest rate are recorded as Interest expense in our Consolidated Statements of Income . We evaluate the effectiveness of the hedging relationship perio dically and calculate the change s in the fair value of the derivatives and the underlying hedged item s separately . W e recognized a net loss of $ 8 million and a net gain of $ 26 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 , respectively, and net gains of $ 10 million and $ 32 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 , respectively, related to the ineffectiveness of our hedging relationships . At September 30, 2016 , we had outstanding interest rate swap agreements with notional amounts of $ 2,000 million, maturing o n April 15, 2019 . Investments in marketable securities — Our investments in marketable securities are reflected in the following table. September 30, December 31, Millions of dollars 2016 2015 Short-term investments: Available-for-sale securities, at fair value $ 1,014 $ 1,064 Held-to-maturity securities, at cost 76 - - Total $ 1,090 $ 1,064 The following table summarizes the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of our available-for-sale and held-to maturity securities that are outstanding as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 . Refer to Note 8 for additional information regarding the fair value of available-for-sale and held-to maturity securities. September 30, 2016 Gross Gross Unrealized Unrealized Fair Millions of dollars Cost Gains Losses Value Available-for-sale securities: Commercial paper $ 246 $ - - $ - - $ 246 Bonds 73 - - - - 73 Certificates of deposit 359 1 - - 360 Limited partnership investments 350 - - (15) 335 Total available-for-sale securities $ 1,028 $ 1 $ (15) $ 1,014 Held-to-maturity securities: Time deposits $ 76 $ - - $ - - $ 76 December 31, 2015 Gross Gross Unrealized Unrealized Fair Millions of dollars Cost Gains Losses Value Available-for-sale securities: Commercial paper $ 329 $ - - $ - - $ 329 Bonds 175 - - - - 175 Certificates of deposit 215 - - - - 215 Limited partnership investments 350 - - (5) 345 Total available-for-sale securities $ 1,069 $ - - $ (5) $ 1,064 Our limited partnership investments include investments in, among other thin gs, equities and equity related securities, debt securities, credit instruments, global interest rate products, currencies, commodities, futures, options, warrants and swaps. These investments, which include both long and short positions, may be redeemed at least monthly with advance notice ranging up to ninety days. The fair value of these funds is estimated using the net asset value (NAV) per share of the respective pooled fu nd investment. N o losses related to other-than-temporary impairments of our available-for-sale and held-to-maturity investments have been recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and the year ended December 31, 2015 . As of September 30, 2016 , our available-for-sale securities had the following maturities: commercial paper securities held by the Company had maturities between four and nine months ; bonds had maturities between two and twenty eight months ; certificates of deposit mature between four and eighteen months ; and limited partnership investments mature between one and three months. Our time deposit s classified as held-to-maturity securities had maturities between six and nine months . The proceeds from maturities and sales of our available-for-sale securities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 are summarized in the following table. Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, Millions of dollars 2016 2015 2016 2015 Proceeds from maturities of securities $ 8 $ 622 $ 665 $ 1,437 Proceeds from sales of securities - - 19 - - 201 No gain or loss was realized in connection with the sales of our available-for-sale securities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 . We recognized realized gain s of less than $1 million in connection with the sale of these securities during both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 . The specific identification method was used to identify the cost of the securities sold and the amounts reclassified out of Accumulated other comprehensive income into earnings. D uring the three months ended September 30 , 201 6 , we had no sales or maturit ies of our held-to-maturity securities; and we had no transfer s of investments classified as held-to-maturity to available-for-sale. The following table summarizes the fair value and unrealized losses related to available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities that were in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than and greater than twelve months as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 . September 30, 2016 Less than 12 months Greater than 12 months Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Millions of dollars Value Loss Value Loss Available-for-sale securities: Bonds $ 6 $ - - $ - - $ - - Limited partnership investments 335 (15) - - - - Total available-for-sale securities $ 341 $ (15) $ - - $ - - December 31, 2015 Less than 12 months Greater than 12 months Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Millions of dollars Value Loss Value Loss Available-for-sale securities: Bonds $ 46 $ - - $ 35 $ - - Certificates of deposit 150 - - - - - - Limited partnership investments 345 (5) - - - - Total available-for-sale securities $ 541 $ (5) $ 35 $ - - Financial Instruments ― The following table summarizes financial instruments outstanding as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Refer to Note 8 for additional information regarding the fair value of financial instruments. September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015 Balance Sheet Notional Fair Notional Fair Millions of dollars Classification Amount Value Amount Value Assets– Derivatives designated as net investment hedges: Basis swaps Prepaid expenses $ - - $ - - $ 500 $ 10 and other current assets Basis swaps Other assets - - - - 444 8 Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges: Cross-currency swaps Other assets 2,000 213 2,300 291 Cross-currency swaps Prepaid expenses - - 17 - - 9 and other current assets Forward-starting Other assets - - - - 600 8 interest rate swaps Derivatives designated as fair value hedges: Fixed-for-floating Other assets 2,000 35 2,000 19 interest rate swaps Fixed-for-floating Prepaid expenses - - 10 - - 6 interest rate swaps and other current assets Derivatives not designated as hedges: Commodities Prepaid expenses 79 3 73 8 and other current assets Embedded derivatives Prepaid expenses 14 - - 42 4 and other current assets Foreign currency Prepaid expenses 248 1 105 1 and other current assets Non-derivatives: Available-for-sale Short-term 1,026 1,014 1,073 1,064 securities investments $ 5,367 $ 1,293 $ 7,137 $ 1,428 September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015 Balance Sheet Notional Fair Notional Fair Millions of dollars Classification Amount Value Amount Value Liabilities– Derivatives designated as net investment hedges: Basis swaps Accrued liabilities $ 305 $ 2 $ - - $ - - Other liabilities 139 1 - - - - Forward exchange contracts Accrued liabilities - - - - 795 24 Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges: Cross-currency swaps Other liabilities 300 5 - - - - Forward-starting Other liabilities 1,000 174 400 6 interest rate swaps Derivatives not designated as hedges: Commodities Accrued liabilities 40 2 67 2 Embedded derivatives Accrued liabilities 104 27 21 - - Foreign currency Accrued liabilities 33 - - 75 3 Non-derivatives: Performance share Accrued liabilities 17 17 23 23 awards Performance share Other liabilities 17 17 17 17 awards $ 1,955 $ 245 $ 1,398 $ 75 The following table summarizes the pretax effect of derivative instruments char ged directly to income. Effect of Financial Instruments Three Months Ended September 30, 2016 Gain (Loss) Additional Gain (Loss) Reclassified Gain (Loss) Recognized from AOCI Recognized Income Statement Millions of dollars in AOCI to Income in Income Classification Derivatives designated as net investment hedges: Basis swaps $ (4) $ - - $ - - Other income, net Derivatives designated as cash-flow hedges: Cross-currency swaps (48) 5 - - Other income, net Forward-starting interest rate swaps (21) - - - - Interest expense Derivatives designated as fair value hedges: Fixed-for-floating interest rate swaps - - - - (12) Interest expense Derivatives not designated as hedges: Commodities - - - - (4) Sales and other operating revenues Commodities - - - - 4 Cost of sales Embedded derivatives - - - - (9) Cost of sales Foreign currency - - - - 1 Other income, net Non-derivatives designated as net investment hedges: Euro notes payable (2) - - - - Other income, net $ (75) $ 5 $ (20) Three Months Ended September 30, 2015 Gain (Loss) Additional Gain (Loss) Reclassified Gain (Loss) Recognized from AOCI Recognized Income Statement Millions of dollars in AOCI to Income in Income Classification Derivatives designated as net investment hedges: Basis swaps $ (10) $ - - $ - - Other income, net Derivatives designated as cash-flow hedges: Cross-currency swaps 32 5 - - Other income, net Forward-starting interest rate swaps (68) - - (1) Interest expense Derivatives designated as fair value hedges: Fixed-for-floating interest rate swaps - - - - 31 Interest expense Derivatives not designated as hedges: Commodities - - - - (12) Sales and other operating revenues Commodities - - - - 11 Cost of sales Embedded derivatives - - - - 3 Cost of sales Foreign currency - - - - (4) Other income, net $ (46) $ 5 $ 28 Effect of Financial Instruments Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 Gain (Loss) Additional Gain (Loss) Reclassified Gain (Loss) Recognized from AOCI Recognized Income Statement Millions of dollars in AOCI to Income in Income Classification Derivatives designated as net investment hedges: Basis swaps $ (21) $ - - $ - - Other income, net Forward exchange contracts (30) - - - - Other income, net Derivatives designated as cash-flow hedges: Cross-currency swaps (83) 52 - - Other income, net Forward-starting interest rate swaps (175) - - (1) Interest expense Derivatives designated as fair value hedges: Fixed-for-floating interest rate swaps - - - - 32 Interest expense Derivatives not designated as hedges: Commodities - - - - 6 Sales and other operating revenues Commodities - - - - 2 Cost of sales Embedded derivatives - - - - (29) Cost of sales Foreign currency - - - - 13 Other income, net Non-derivatives designated as net investment hedges: Euro notes payable 12 - - - - Other income, net $ (297) $ 52 $ 23 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 Gain (Loss) Additional Gain (Loss) Reclassified Gain (Loss) Recognized from AOCI Recognized Income Statement Millions of dollars in AOCI to Income in Income Classification Derivatives designated as net investment hedges: Basis swaps $ (10) $ - - $ - - Other income, net Derivatives designated as cash-flow hedges: Cross-currency swaps 229 (148) - - Other income, net Forward-starting interest rate swaps 12 - - - - Interest expense Derivatives designated as fair value hedges: Fixed-for-floating interest rate swaps - - - - 56 Interest expense Derivatives not designated as hedges: Commodities - - - - (3) Sales and other operating revenues Commodities - - - - 20 Cost of sales Embedded derivatives - - - - 10 Cost of sales Foreign currency - - - - (63) Other income, net $ 231 $ (148) $ 20 T he pretax effect of additional gain recognized in income for the fixed-for-floating interest rate swaps includes the net value for accrued interest of $ 6 million and $ 17 million f or the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 , and $ 7 million and $ 22 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 , respectively . |