Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements [Text Block] | 8. Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements We are exposed to market risks, such as changes in commodity pricing, currency exchange rates and interest rates. To manage the volatility related to these exposures, we selectively enter into derivative transactions pursuant to our risk management policies. A summary of our financial instruments, risk management policies, derivative instruments, hedging activities and fair value measurement can be found in Notes 2 and 14 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 . If applicable, updates have been included in the respective sections below. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , we had marketable securities classified as cash and cash equivalents of $189 million and $1,035 million , respectively. Foreign Currency Gain (Loss) —Other income, net, in the Consolidated Statements of Income reflected foreign currency gains of $6 million and $14 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 , respectively, and foreign currency losses of less than $1 million and $6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 , respectively. Financial Instruments Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis —The following table summarizes financial instruments outstanding as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis: September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 Millions of dollars Notional Amount Fair Value Notional Amount Fair Value Balance Sheet Classification Assets– Derivatives designated as hedges: Commodities $ 49 $ 21 $ — $ — Prepaid expenses and other current assets Commodities 1 — — — Other assets Foreign currency 236 55 — 26 Prepaid expenses and other current assets Foreign currency 2,000 58 2,000 25 Other assets Interest rates 1,000 82 — 20 Prepaid expenses and other current assets Interest rates 647 15 650 1 Other assets Derivatives not designated as hedges: Commodities 151 12 77 20 Prepaid expenses and other current assets Foreign currency 1,164 10 19 — Prepaid expenses and other current assets Non-derivatives: Available-for-sale debt securities 586 586 960 960 Short-term investments Equity securities 350 358 350 347 Short-term investments Total $ 6,184 $ 1,197 $ 4,056 $ 1,399 Liabilities– Derivatives designated as hedges: Commodities $ — $ — $ 97 $ 8 Accrued liabilities Commodities — — 5 — Other liabilities Foreign currency — 34 139 29 Accrued liabilities Foreign currency 950 101 950 140 Other liabilities Interest rates 1,000 10 — 5 Accrued liabilities Interest rates 2,000 86 3,350 58 Other liabilities Derivatives not designated as hedges: Commodities 8 3 108 29 Accrued liabilities Foreign currency 213 1 995 11 Accrued liabilities Non-derivatives: Performance share awards 32 32 23 23 Accrued liabilities Performance share awards 2 2 27 27 Other liabilities Total $ 4,205 $ 269 $ 5,694 $ 330 All derivatives and available-for-sale debt securities in the tables above are classified as Level 2. Our limited partnership investments included in our equity securities discussed below, are measured at fair value using the net asset value (“NAV”) per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient and have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. At September 30, 2018 , our outstanding foreign currency and commodity contracts not designated as hedges mature from October 2018 to August 2019 and from October 2018 to December 2018 , respectively. Financial Instruments Not Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis —The following table presents the carrying value and estimated fair value of our financial instruments that are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 . Short-term loans receivable, which represent our repurchase agreements, and short-term and long-term debt are recorded at amortized cost in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The carrying and fair values of short-term and long-term debt exclude capital leases and commercial paper. September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 Millions of dollars Carrying Value Fair Value Carrying Value Fair Value Non-derivatives: Assets: Short-term loans receivable $ 550 $ 550 $ 570 $ 570 Liabilities: Short-term debt $ 70 $ 67 $ 64 $ 75 Long-term debt 8,444 8,772 8,526 9,442 Total $ 8,514 $ 8,839 $ 8,590 $ 9,517 All financial instruments in the table above are classified as Level 2 . There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 for any of our financial instruments during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and the year ended December 31, 2017 . Net Investment Hedges— In 2018 , we entered into €800 million of foreign currency contracts that were designated as net investment hedges. On June 15, 2018 , €400 million of these foreign currency contracts expired, resulting in €400 million ( $473 million at the expiry spot rate) settlement payment to and $498 million receipt from our counterparties, respectively. On September 10, 2018, €325 million of our foreign currency contracts expired, resulting in €325 million ( $377 million at the expiry spot rate) settlement payment to and $374 million receipt from our counterparties, respectively. In 2017 , we entered into €617 million of foreign currency contracts that were designated as net investment hedges. In 2016 , we issued euro denominated notes payable due 2022 with notional amounts totaling €750 million that were designated as a net investment hedge. In May 2018 , we dedesignated and redesignated a €125 million tranche of our euro denominated notes payable due 2022 as a net investment hedge. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , we had outstanding foreign currency contracts with an aggregate notional value of €817 million ( $886 million ) and €742 million ( $789 million ), respectively, designated as net investment hedges. In addition, at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 we had outstanding foreign-currency denominated debt, with notional amount totaling €750 million ( $869 million ) and €750 million ( $899 million ), respectively, designated as a net investment hedge. There was no ineffectiveness recorded during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 related to these hedging relationships. Cash Flow Hedges— The following table summarizes our cash flow hedges outstanding at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 : September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 Millions of dollars Notional Value Notional Value Expiration Date Foreign currency $ 2,300 $ 2,300 2021 to 2027 Interest rates 1,500 1,000 2019 to 2021 Commodities 50 102 2018 to 2019 There was less than $1 million of ineffectiveness recorded during the three months ended September 30, 2017 and $1 million of ineffectiveness recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 related to these hedging relationships. In June 2018 and July 2018 , we entered into forward-starting interest rate swaps with a total notional amount of $300 million and $200 million , respectively, to mitigate the risk of variability in interest rates for an expected debt issuance by November 2021. These swaps were designated as cash flow hedges and will be terminated upon debt issuance. As of September 30, 2018 , $1 million is scheduled to be reclassified as a decrease to interest expense and $21 million is scheduled to be reclassified as a decrease to cost of sales over the next twelve months. Fair Value Hedges— In May 2018 , we entered into a euro fixed-for-floating interest rate swap to mitigate the change in the fair value of €125 million ( $147 million ) of our €750 million notes payable due 2022 associated with the risk of variability in the 6-month EURIBOR rate (the benchmark interest rate). The fixed-rate and variable-rate are settled annually and semi-annually, respectively. In February 2017, we entered into U.S. dollar fixed-for-floating interest rate swaps to mitigate changes in the fair value of our $1,000 million 3.5% guaranteed notes due 2027 associated with the risk of variability in the 3 Month USD LIBOR rate (the benchmark interest rate). The fixed-rate and variable-rate are settled semi-annually and quarterly, respectively. In March 2017, concurrent with the redemption of $1,000 million of our outstanding 5% senior notes due 2019, we dedesignated the related $2,000 million fair value hedge and terminated swaps in the notional amount of $1,000 million. At the same time, we redesignated the remaining $1,000 million notional amount of swaps as a fair value hedge of the remaining $1,000 million of 5% senior notes outstanding. We had outstanding interest rate contracts with aggregate notional amounts of $3,147 million and $3,000 million at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 , respectively, designated as fair value hedges. Our interest rate contracts outstanding at September 30, 2018 mature from 2019 to 2027 . There was $4 million and $11 million of ineffectiveness recorded for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 , respectively, related to these hedging relationships. Impact on Earnings and Other Comprehensive Income —The following table summarizes the pre-tax effect of derivative instruments and non-derivative instruments on Other comprehensive income and earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 : Effect of Financial Instruments Three Months Ended September 30, Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCI Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI to Income Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income Income Statement Millions of dollars 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 Classification Derivatives designated as net investment hedges: Foreign currency $ 4 $ (57 ) $ — $ — $ 8 $ — Interest expense Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges: Commodities 30 3 (11 ) — — — Cost of sales Foreign currency 11 (98 ) (13 ) 74 11 9 Other income, net; Interest expense Interest rates 48 (5 ) — — — — Interest expense Derivatives designated as fair value hedges: Interest rates — — — — (12 ) 3 Interest expense Derivatives not designated as hedges: Commodities — — — — 2 (6 ) Sales and other operating revenues Commodities — — — — 7 6 Cost of sales Foreign currency — — — — 12 (6 ) Other income, net Non-derivatives designated as net investment hedges: Long-term debt 5 (30 ) — — — — Other income, net Total $ 98 $ (187 ) $ (24 ) $ 74 $ 28 $ 6 Effect of Financial Instruments Nine Months Ended September 30, Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCI Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI to Income Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income Income Statement Millions of dollars 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 Classification Derivatives designated as net investment hedges: Foreign currency $ 65 $ (170 ) $ — $ — $ 21 $ — Interest expense Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges: Commodities 36 (4 ) (7 ) — — — Cost of sales Foreign currency 37 (233 ) (75 ) 232 29 32 Other income, net; Interest expense Interest rates 115 (23 ) — — — (1 ) Interest expense Derivatives designated as fair value hedges: Interest rates — — — — (74 ) 21 Interest expense Derivatives not designated as hedges: Commodities — — — — 1 (9 ) Sales and other operating revenues Commodities — — — — 16 (31 ) Cost of sales Foreign currency — — — — 28 (7 ) Other income, net Non-derivatives designated as net investment hedges: Long-term debt 31 (95 ) — — — — Other income, net Total $ 284 $ (525 ) $ (82 ) $ 232 $ 21 $ 5 The derivative amounts excluded from effectiveness testing for foreign currency contracts designated as net investment hedges recognized in other comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 were losses of $1 million and gains of $14 million , respectively. The derivative amounts excluded from effectiveness testing for foreign currency contracts designated as net investment hedges recognized in interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 were gains of $8 million and $21 million , respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 , losses of $13 million and $75 million , respectively, for our foreign currency contracts designated as cash flow hedges were reclassified from AOCI to Other income, net. The pre-tax effect of the periodic receipt of fixed interest and payment of variable interest associated with our fixed-for-floating interest rate swaps resulted in interest expense losses of $3 million and $1 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 , respectively; and, resulted in interest expense gains of $5 million and $18 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. These gains and losses are not included in the tables above. Investments in Available-for-Sale Debt Securities —The following table summarizes the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of our available-for-sale debt securities that are outstanding as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 : September 30, 2018 Millions of dollars Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Available-for-sale debt securities: Bonds $ 586 $ 1 $ (1 ) $ 586 Total available-for-sale debt securities $ 586 $ 1 $ (1 ) $ 586 December 31, 2017 Millions of dollars Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Available-for-sale securities: Commercial paper $ 180 $ — $ — $ 180 Bonds 630 — — 630 Certificates of deposit 150 — — 150 Limited partnership investments 350 2 (5 ) 347 Total available-for-sale securities $ 1,310 $ 2 $ (5 ) $ 1,307 No losses related to other-than-temporary impairments of our available-for-sale debt securities have been recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and the year ended December 31, 2017 . As of September 30, 2018 , bonds classified as available-for-sale debt securities had maturities between two and twenty-five months . The proceeds from maturities and sales of our available-for-sale debt securities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 are summarized in the following table: Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended Millions of dollars 2018 2017 2018 2017 Proceeds from maturities of securities $ — $ 12 $ 410 $ 499 Proceeds from sales of securities — — — — No gain or loss was realized in connection with the sales of our available-for-sale debt securities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 . During the nine months ended September 30, 2017 , we had maturities of our held-to-maturity securities of $75 million . The following table summarizes the fair value and unrealized losses related to available-for-sale debt securities that were in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than and greater than twelve months as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 : September 30, 2018 Less than 12 months Greater than 12 months Millions of dollars Fair Value Unrealized Loss Fair Value Unrealized Loss Available-for-sale debt securities: Bonds $ 155 $ (1 ) $ — $ — December 31, 2017 Less than 12 months Greater than 12 months Millions of dollars Fair Value Unrealized Loss Fair Value Unrealized Loss Available-for-sale securities: Limited partnership investments $ 117 $ (5 ) $ — $ — Investments in Equity Securities —Our equity securities primarily consist of our limited partnership investments, which include investments in, among other things, equities and equity related securities, debt securities, credit instruments, global interest rate products, currencies, commodities, futures, options, warrants and swaps. These investments may be redeemed at least monthly with advance notice ranging up to ninety days. These investments had a notional amount of $350 million and a fair value of $358 million at September 30, 2018 . The following table summarizes the portion of unrealized gains and losses for the equity securities that are outstanding as of September 30, 2018 : Millions of dollars Net gains recognized during the period $ 1 Less: Net gains recognized during the period on securities sold 2 Unrealized losses recognized during the period $ (1 ) |