Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements [Text Block] | 9 . Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements We are exposed to market risks, such as changes in commodity pricing, currency exchange rates and interest rates. To manage the volatility related to these exposures, we selectively enter into derivative transactions pursuant to our risk management policies. A summary of our financial instruments, risk management policies, derivative instruments, hedging activities and fair value measurement can be found in Notes 2 and 15 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 . If applicable, updates have been included in the respective sections below. At June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , we had marketable securities classified as Cash and cash equivalents of $308 million and $19 million , respectively. Foreign Currency Gain (Loss) —Other income, net, in the Consolidated Statements of Income reflected foreign currency gains of $3 million and $14 million , and $3 million and $9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 , respectively. Financial Instruments Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis —The following table summarizes financial instruments outstanding as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis: June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Millions of dollars Notional Amount Fair Value Notional Amount Fair Value Balance Sheet Classification Assets– Derivatives designated as hedges: Commodities $ 525 $ 6 $ 472 $ 12 Prepaid expenses and other current assets Foreign currency — 26 — 27 Prepaid expenses and other current assets Foreign currency 2,000 166 2,000 117 Other assets Interest rates — 20 600 33 Prepaid expenses and other current assets Interest rates 1,742 39 143 1 Other assets Derivatives not designated as hedges: Commodities 26 — 35 5 Prepaid expenses and other current assets Foreign currency 360 — 599 3 Prepaid expenses and other current assets Non-derivatives: Available-for-sale debt securities 52 52 567 567 Short-term investments Equity securities — — 322 325 Short-term investments Total $ 4,705 $ 309 $ 4,738 $ 1,090 Liabilities– Derivatives designated as hedges: Commodities $ — $ — $ 4 $ — Accrued liabilities Foreign currency — 17 — 17 Accrued liabilities Foreign currency 950 74 950 75 Other liabilities Interest rates 1,000 125 1,400 16 Accrued liabilities Interest rates 900 61 2,500 45 Other liabilities Derivatives not designated as hedges: Commodities 180 19 63 14 Accrued liabilities Foreign currency 428 1 1,165 7 Accrued liabilities Non-derivatives: Performance share units — — 29 29 Accrued liabilities Total $ 3,458 $ 297 $ 6,111 $ 203 Commodity derivatives designated as hedges are classified as Level 1. As of June 30, 2019 , these commodity derivatives had notional and fair values of $525 million and $6 million , respectively. Our investments in equity securities discussed below are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share, or its equivalent, practical expedient and have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. All other derivatives and available-for-sale debt securities in the tables above are classified as Level 2. At June 30, 2019 , our outstanding foreign currency and commodity contracts, not designated as hedges, mature from July 2019 to August 2019 , and July 2019 , respectively. Financial Instruments Not Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis —Due to the short maturity, the fair value of all non-derivative financial instruments included in Current assets and Current liabilities approximates the applicable carrying value. Current assets include Cash and cash equivalents, Restricted cash, held-to-maturity time deposits and Accounts receivable. Current liabilities include Accounts payable and commercial paper. The following table presents the carrying value and estimated fair value of our financial instruments that are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 . Short-term loans receivable, which represent our repurchase agreements, and short-term and long-term debt are recorded at amortized cost in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The carrying and fair values of short-term and of long-term debt exclude finance leases and commercial paper. June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Millions of dollars Carrying Value Fair Value Carrying Value Fair Value Non-derivatives: Assets: Short-term loans receivable $ 541 $ 541 $ 544 $ 544 Liabilities: Short-term debt $ 2,128 $ 2,142 $ 71 $ 77 Long-term debt 7,582 8,176 8,492 8,476 Total $ 9,710 $ 10,318 $ 8,563 $ 8,553 All financial instruments in the table above are classified as Level 2 . There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 for any of our financial instruments during the six months ended June 30, 2019 and the year ended December 31, 2018 . Net Investment Hedges— At June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , we had outstanding foreign currency contracts with an aggregate notional value of €617 million ( $650 million ) designated as net investment hedges. We also had outstanding foreign-currency denominated debt designated as a net investment hedge with notional amounts totaling €750 million ( $853 million ) and €750 million ( $858 million ), respectively, as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 . Cash Flow Hedges— The following table summarizes our cash flow hedges outstanding at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 : June 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Millions of dollars Notional Value Notional Value Expiration Date Foreign currency $ 2,300 $ 2,300 2021 to 2027 Interest rates 1,500 1,500 2020 to 2021 Commodities 525 476 2019 In February 2019 , we entered into forward-starting interest rate swaps with a total notional amount of $1,000 million to mitigate the risk of variability in interest rates for an expected debt issuance by February 2020. These swaps were designated as cash flow hedges and will be terminated upon debt issuance. Additionally, concurrent with the redemption of $1,000 million of our then outstanding 5% senior notes due 2019 , we received $4 million in settlement of $1,000 million of forward-starting interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges of forecasted interest payments to begin on or before April 15, 2019. In January and February of 2019, we entered into commodity futures contracts with total notional amounts of $78 million and $97 million , respectively, to mitigate the risk of variability in feedstock prices and product sales prices for 2019. In 2019, we paid $5 million in settlement of commodity futures contracts hedging the risk of variability in feedstock prices with a total notional amount of $137 million . Additionally, we received $8 million in settlement of commodity futures contracts hedging the risk of variability in product sales prices with a total notional amount of $127 million . As of June 30, 2019 , on a pre-tax basis, $1 million , $11 million , and $5 million are scheduled to be reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss as increases to interest expense, revenues and cost of sales, respectively, over the next twelve months. Fair Value Hedges— In February 2019, concurrent with the redemption of $1,000 million of our then outstanding 5% senior notes due 2019 , we paid $5 million in settlement of $1,000 million of fixed-for-floating interest rate swaps. We had outstanding interest rate contracts with aggregate notional amounts of $2,142 million and $3,143 million at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively. These fair value hedges have maturities ranging from 2021 to 2027 as of June 30, 2019 . Impact on Earnings and Other Comprehensive Income —The following tables summarize the pre-tax effects of derivative instruments and non-derivative instruments on Other comprehensive income and earnings for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 : Effects of Financial Instruments Three Months Ended June 30, Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCI Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI to Income Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income Income Statement Millions of dollars 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 Classification Derivatives designated as hedges: Commodities $ 9 $ — $ (2 ) $ — $ — $ — Sales and other operating revenues Commodities (8 ) 9 — — — — Cost of sales Foreign currency (19 ) 212 26 (124 ) 15 19 Other income, net; Interest expense Interest rates (105 ) 17 — — 46 (16 ) Interest expense Derivatives not designated as hedges: Commodities — — — — 1 (2 ) Sales and other operating revenues Commodities — — — — (22 ) 13 Cost of sales Foreign currency — — — — (3 ) 36 Other income, net Non-derivatives designated as hedges: Long-term debt (11 ) 50 — — — — Other income, net Total $ (134 ) $ 288 $ 24 $ (124 ) $ 37 $ 50 Effects of Financial Instruments Six Months Ended June 30, Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCI Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI to Income Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income Income Statement Millions of dollars 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 Classification Derivatives designated as hedges: Commodities (41 ) — (8 ) — — — Sales and other operating revenues Commodities 38 6 4 4 — — Cost of sales Foreign currency 51 87 (13 ) (62 ) 32 32 Other income, net; Interest expense Interest rates (179 ) 67 (4 ) — 73 (60 ) Interest expense Derivatives not designated as hedges: Commodities — — — — 3 (1 ) Sales and other operating revenues Commodities — — — — (19 ) 9 Cost of sales Foreign currency — — — — 16 16 Other income, net Non-derivatives designated as hedges: Long-term debt 5 25 — — — — Other income, net Total $ (126 ) $ 185 $ (21 ) $ (58 ) $ 105 $ (4 ) The derivative amounts excluded from effectiveness testing for foreign currency contracts designated as net investment hedges recognized in other comprehensive income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 were losses of $5 million and $3 million , respectively, and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 were gains of $11 million and $15 million , respectively. The derivative amounts excluded from effectiveness testing for foreign currency contracts designated as net investment hedges recognized in interest expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 were gains of $5 million and $10 million , respectively, and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 were gains of $8 million and $13 million , respectively. The pre-tax effect of the periodic receipt of fixed interest and payment of variable interest associated with our fixed-for-floating interest rate swaps resulted in a $2 million and $5 million increase in interest expense during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 , respectively, and a $1 million increase in interest expense during the three months ended June 30, 2018 and a $2 million decrease in interest expense during the six months ended June 30, 2018 . Investments in Available-for-Sale Debt Securities —The following tables summarize the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of our available-for-sale debt securities that are outstanding as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 : June 30, 2019 Millions of dollars Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Available-for-sale debt securities: Bonds $ 52 $ — $ — $ 52 December 31, 2018 Millions of dollars Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Available-for-sale debt securities: Bonds $ 567 $ — $ — $ 567 No allowance for credit losses related to our available-for-sale debt securities was recorded for the six months ended June 30, 2019 . No losses related to other-than-temporary impairments of our available-for-sale debt securities were recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2018. The proceeds from maturities and sales of our available-for-sale-debt securities during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 are summarized in the following table: Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, Millions of dollars 2019 2018 2019 2018 Proceeds from maturities of available-for-sale debt securities $ 23 $ 75 $ 331 $ 410 Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale debt securities 180 — 180 — The gross realized gains and losses associated with the sale of available-for-debt securities during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 were less than $1 million in each respective period. We had no available-for-sale debt securities which were in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than or greater than twelve months, respectively, as of June 30, 2019 . The following table summarizes the fair value and unrealized losses related to available-for-sale debt securities that were in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than and greater than twelve months as of December 31, 2018 : December 31, 2018 Less than 12 months Greater than 12 months Millions of dollars Fair Value Unrealized Loss Fair Value Unrealized Loss Available-for-sale debt securities: Bonds $ 118 $ (1 ) $ 45 $ — Investments in Equity Securities —We received proceeds of $170 million and $332 million related to the sale of our investments in equity securities during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 , respectively, and $32 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 . At June 30, 2019 , we had no outstanding investment in equity securities. At December 31, 2018 , we had investments in equity securities with a notional amount of $322 million and fair value of $325 million . The following table summarizes the portion of unrealized gains and losses for the equity securities that are outstanding as of June 30, 2019 and 2018: Three Months Ended Six Months Ended Millions of dollars 2019 2018 2019 2018 Net gains (losses) recognized during the period $ (1 ) $ 10 $ 6 $ 9 Less: Net gains recognized during the period on securities sold 8 1 9 1 Unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the period $ (9 ) $ 9 $ (3 ) $ 8 |