Stockholders' Equity and Stock Based Compensation | 9. Stockholders’ Equity and Stock-Based Compensation Common Stock Authorized and Outstanding As of March 31, 2016, the Company was authorized to issue 1,000,000,000 common shares with a par value of $0.0001 per share and 20,000,000 convertible preferred shares with a par value of $0.0001 per share. As of March 31, 2016, the Company had approximately 44.4 million shares of common stock issued and outstanding. Summary of Stock Option Activity A summary of the Company’s stock option activity under all stock option plans and related information for three months ended March 31, 2016 is as follows: Number of Stock Options Outstanding Weighted- Average Exercise Price Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands) (Years) (in thousands) Balance as of December 31, 2015 $ $ Granted — — Exercised ) Repurchased — — Cancelled/forfeited ) Balance as of March 31, 2016 $ $ Exercisable as of March 31, 2016 $ $ Vested and expected to vest as of March 31, 2016 $ $ The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying awards and the Company’s closing price of $19.57 as of March 31, 2016 for options that were in-the-money as of that date. Option awards generally vest over a four-year period, with 25% vesting one year from date of grant and monthly thereafter. Stock options granted under the Company’s 2006 Plan provided option holders with an early exercise provision, where in the event of termination any exercised and unvested shares are subject to repurchase by the Company at the original purchase price. This right of repurchase lapses as the option vests. Options exercisable as of March 31, 2016 include options that are exercisable prior to vesting. The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted and the total intrinsic value of options exercised are as follows (in thousands, except weighted average grant date fair value): Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 2015 Weighted average grant date fair value of options granted N/A N/A Total intrinsic value of options exercised (in thousands) $ $ The total estimated grant date fair value of options vested during the three months ended March 31, 2016 was approximately $2.1 million. Determining Fair Value of Stock Options The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. During each of the three months ending March 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company granted no stock options to employees. Restricted Stock Units A summary of the Company’s Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) activity and related information for the three months ended March 31, 2016 is as follows: Number of RSUs Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value (in thousands) Balance as of December 31, 2015 $ RSUs Granted RSUs Vested ) RSUs Cancelled/Forfeited ) Balance as of March 31, 2016 $ RSUs are generally subject to a time-based vesting condition that ranges from 3 to 4 years. The weighted average grant date fair value of RSUs granted and the total intrinsic value of RSUs that vested during the periods presented were as follows (in thousands, except weighted average grant date fair value): Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 2015 Weighted average grant date fair value of RSUs granted $ $ Total intrinsic value of vested RSUs (in thousands) $ $ Market Stock Units During the first quarter of 2015 and 2016 the Company granted market stock units (MSUs) to its executive officers under the Company’s 2013 Equity Incentive Plan. Each MSU award granted contains three separate tranches. The actual number of MSUs eligible to vest in each tranche is based on the performance of the Company’s stock price relative to the performance of the NASDAQ Composite Index over the vesting period of each tranche, which ranges from one to three years. MSU participants have the ability to receive up to 100% of the target number of shares in tranche 1 and 2 and up to 150% of the target number of shares in tranche 3. A summary of the Company’s MSU activity and related information for the three months ended March 31, 2016 is as follows: Number of Shares Underlying MSUs Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value (in thousands) Balance as of December 31, 2015 $ MSUs Granted MSUs Vested ) MSUs Cancelled/Forfeited ) Balance as of March 31, 2016 $ The fair value of each MSU award is determined by multiplying the fair value per share by the underlying number of shares. The fair value per share was determined on the grant date using the Monte Carlo valuation methodology. The fair value per share for each MSU award granted during the three months ended March 31, 2016 by tranche were as follows: Grant Date MSUs Granted Tranche 1 Tranche 2 Tranche 3 MSU FV February 17, 2016 $ $ $ $ February 18, 2016 March 7, 2016 The Company amortizes the fair value of each MSU award using the graded-vesting method, adjusted for estimated forfeitures. Stock-based compensation expense associated with participants who fulfill their requisite service period is not reversed even if the performance conditions are not met. However, stock-based compensation expense is reversed for participants who forfeit their MSU awards prior to fulfilling their requisite service period. The fair value of the MSUs granted during the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 were estimated using the following weighted-average assumptions: Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 2015 Expected term (in years) 3 3 Risk-free interest rate 0.86% - 1.05% 0.99% Expected volatility 45% 39% Expected dividend rate 0% 0% The weighted average grant date fair value of MSUs granted and the total intrinsic value of MSUs that vested during the periods presented were as follows (in thousands, except weighted average grant date fair value): Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 2015 Weighted average grant date fair value of MSUs granted $ $ Total intrinsic value of vested MSUs (in thousands) $ $ — Employee Stock Purchase Plan The assumptions used to value employee stock purchase rights under the Black-Scholes model during the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows: Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 2015 Expected term (in months) 6 6 Risk-free interest rate 0.42% 0.07% Expected volatility 41% 39% Expected dividend rate 0% 0% During the first three months ended March 31, 2016, the Company issued approximately 0.2 million shares of common stock under the Company’s Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP) with an average purchase price of $12.65 per share. Stock Compensation Expense The stock-based compensation expense included in operating results was allocated as follows (in thousands): Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 2015 Cost of subscription and support revenue $ $ Cost of professional services and other revenue Research and development Sales and marketing General and administrative Total stock-based compensation expense $ $ For the three months ended March 31, 2016, the Company incurred expenses of $1.7 million for options, $7.1 million for RSUs, $0.8 million for MSUs and $0.5 million for ESPP shares. Additionally, the Company capitalized stock-based compensation expense of $0.1 million associated with the Company’s internal-use software projects. As of March 31, 2016, total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested awards not yet recognized under all equity compensation plans, adjusted for estimated forfeitures, was as follows: March 31, 2016 Unrecognized Expense Average Expected Recognition Period (in thousands) (in years) Stock options $ Restricted stock units and market stock units Employee stock purchase plan Total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense $ |