Long-term Debt | 8. Long-term Debt Convertible Senior Notes On September 16, 2019, the Company completed a private offering of convertible notes (the “2019 Convertible Notes”) with an aggregate principal amount of $ 220.0 million issued pursuant to an indenture (the “Indenture”) with U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee. The net proceeds from the sale of the 2019 Convertible Notes were approximately $ 212.9 million after deducting the initial purchasers’ discounts and commissions of $ 6.6 million and offering expenses of $ 0.5 million. The Company used $ 28.4 million of the net proceeds from the sale of the 2019 Convertible Notes to pay the cost of the capped call transactions in September 2019 described below. On May 12, 2020, the Company issued convertible notes (the “2020 Convertible Notes”) with an aggregate principal amount of $ 300.0 million. The net proceeds from the sale of the 2020 Convertible Notes were approximately $ 322.9 million after deducting the purchasers’ discounts and commission of $ 5.7 million and offering expenses of $ 0.3 million. The Company used $ 43.1 million of the net proceeds from the sale to pay the cost of the additional capped call transactions in May 2020 described below. The 2019 Convertible Notes and the 2020 Convertible Notes are referred to together as the Convertible Notes. The Convertible Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company and bear interest at a rate of 3.5 % per year payable semiannually in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year, beginning on March 15, 2020. The Convertible Notes will mature on September 15, 2026 , unless converted earlier, redeemed or repurchased in accordance with their terms. The Convertible Notes are convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock at an initial conversion rate of 25.3405 shares per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes (equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $39.4625 per share of common stock). The conversion rate is subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments. In addition, following certain events that occur prior to the maturity date or if the Company delivers a notice of redemption, the Company will increase the conversion rate for a holder who elects to convert its Convertible Notes in connection with such corporate event or a notice of redemption, as the case may be, in certain circumstances as provided in the Indenture. Prior to March 15, 2026, the Convertible Notes are convertible only under the following circumstances: • during any calendar quarter, if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day; • during the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of the Convertible Notes for each such trading day was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day; • if the Company calls any or all of the Convertible Notes for redemption, at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the redemption date; or • upon the occurrence of corporate events specified in the Indenture. On or after March 15, 2026 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date of the Convertible Notes, holders may convert the Convertible Notes at any time regardless of the foregoing circumstances. Upon conversion of the Convertible Notes, the Company will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of cash and shares of common stock, at the Company’s election. Prior to September 20, 2023, the Company may not redeem the Convertible Notes. The Company may redeem for cash all or a portion of the Convertible Notes, at its option, on or after September 20, 2023 if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive), including the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides a notice of redemption, during any 30 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption. The redemption price will be equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date If the Company undergoes a “fundamental change,” as defined in the Indenture, prior to maturity, subject to certain conditions, holders may require the Company to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their Convertible Notes at a fundamental change repurchase price equal to 100 % of the principal amount of the notes to be repurchased, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. The Company used an effective interest rate of 10.5% to determine the liability component of the 2019 and 2020 Convertible Notes. This resulted in the recognition of $145.1 million and $204.5 million as the liability component of the 2019 and 2020 Convertible Notes, respectively, and the recognition of the residual amount of $74.9 million and $95.5 million as the debt discount with a corresponding increase to additional paid in capital for the equity component of the 2019 and 2020 Convertible Notes, respectively. The 2020 Convertible Notes aggregate debt issuance costs of $6.0 million were allocated to the liability and equity components in the amounts of $3.7 million and $2.3 million, respectively. The 2019 Convertible Notes aggregate debt issuance costs of $7.1 million were allocated to the liability and equity components in the amounts of $4.7 million and $2.4 million, respectively. Effective January 1, 2021, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update 2020-06 using the modified retrospective method. Upon adoption, the Company increased net debt and reduced net equity by $149.7 million. The $149.7 million consisted of several items. The first item is the reclassification from equity to debt of the residual amounts originally identified as the equity components of the 2019 and 2020 Convertible Notes of $74.9 million and $95.5 million, respectively. The equity component reclassification was offset by the adjustment to retained earnings for the reversal of previous non-cash interest expense recorded for the amortization of the equity components of $17.1 million. The second item is the reclassification from equity to debt of the debt issuance costs originally allocated to equity for the 2019 and 2020 Convertible Notes of $2.4 million and $2.3 million, respectively. The debt issuance costs reclassification was offset by the adjustment to retained earnings for previous amortization of the debt issuance costs recorded of $1.1 million. In January 2021, July 2021 and July 2022, the Company entered into separate, privately negotiated exchange agreements to modify the conversion terms with certain holders of its 2019 Convertible Notes and 2020 Convertible Notes. Under the terms of these exchange agreements, in January 2021, July 2021 and July 2022, the holders exchanged approximately $ 126.1 million of 2019 Convertible Notes, $ 201.1 million of 2019 Convertible Notes and 2020 Convertible Notes, and $ 98.1 million of 2020 Convertible Notes, respectively, in aggregate principal amount held by them for an aggregate of 3,906,869 shares, 5,992,217 shares and 3,027,018 shares, respectively, of common stock issued by the Company. In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 470-20, “ Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options,” (“ASC 470-20”) the Company accounted for the exchange as an induced conversion based on the short period of time the conversion offer was open and the substantive conversion feature offer. The Company accounted for the conversion of the debt as an inducement by expensing the fair value of the shares that were issued in excess of the original terms of the Convertible Notes. As a result of the January 2021 exchange transactions, the Company reduced net debt outstanding and increased net equity on the consolidated balance sheet by $ 122.8 million, consisting of the par value of the 2019 Convertible Notes exchanged of $ 126.1 million less the $ 3.3 million of remaining debt issuance costs associated with the exchanged notes. The Company also increased shares outstanding by 3,906,869 shares consisting of 3,196,172 shares issued at the initial conversion rate in the Indenture of 25.3405 plus an additional 710,697 shares. Additionally, the Company issued 69,491 shares as settlement of debt issuance costs paid to the Company’s financial advisor in connection with the exchange transaction. For the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company recorded a loss on conversion of debt of $ 39.5 million comprised of $ 36.4 million related to the value of the shares issued in excess of the original conversion terms at the fair market value and $ 3.1 million for the value of the 69,491 shares issued in payment of issuance costs at their then fair value. Upon exchange of the 2019 Convertible Notes, the holders forfeited accrued interest through the date of the exchange of $ 1.7 million, which the Company charged to interest expense and to equity. As a result of the July 2021 exchange transactions, the Company reduced net debt outstanding and increased net equity on the consolidated balance sheet by $ 197.0 million, consisting of the par value of the Convertible Notes exchanged of $ 201.1 million less the $ 4.1 million of remaining debt issuance costs associated with the exchanged notes. The Company also increased shares outstanding by 5,992,217 shares consisting of 5,097,166 shares issued at the initial conversion rate in the Indenture of 25.3405 plus an additional 895,051 shares. Additionally, the Company issued 78,419 shares as settlement of issuance costs paid to the Company’s financial advisor in connection with the exchange transaction. For the three months ended September 30, 2021, th e Company recorded a loss on conversion of debt of $ 61.1 million comprised of $ 55.9 million related to the value of the shares issued in excess of the original conversion terms at the fair market value and $ 5.2 million for the value of the 78,419 shares issued in payment of issuance costs at their then fair value. Upon exchange of the Convertible Notes, the holders forfeited accrued interest through the date of the exchange of $ 2.5 million, which the Company charged to interest expense and to equity. As a result of the July 2022 exchange transactions, the Company reduced net debt outstanding and increased net equity on the consolidated balance sheet by $ 96.8 million, consisting of the par value of the Convertible Notes exchanged of $ 98.1 million less the $ 1.3 million of remaining debt issuance costs associated with the exchanged notes. The Company also increased shares outstanding by 3,027,018 shares consisting of 2,485,548 shares issued at the initial conversion rate in the Indenture of 25.3405 plus an additional 541,470 shares. Additionally, the Company issued 46,132 shares as settlement of issuance costs paid to the Company’s financial advisor in connection with the exchange transaction. For the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded a loss on conversion of debt of $ 32.9 million comprised of $ 30.4 million related to the value of the shares issued in excess of the original conversion terms at the fair market value and $ 2.5 million for the value of the 46,132 shares. The conditional conversion feature of the Convertible Notes was triggered as of June 30, 2021, and as a result the Convertible Notes were convertible at the option of the holders until September 30, 2021. During this period, certain holders of the Convertible Notes converted approximately $0.7 million of aggregate principal amount of Convertible Notes into an aggregate of 18,775 shares, which were issued in October 2021. The conditional conversion feature of the Convertible Notes was triggered as of March 31, 2023, and as a result the Convertible Notes were convertible at the option of the holders until June 30, 2023. No Convertible Notes were converted during this period. The conditional conversion feature of the Convertible Notes was triggered as of June 30, 2023, and as a result the Convertible Notes became convertible at the option of the holders until September 30, 2023. Through the date of issuance of these financial statements, no Convertible Notes were converted. As of June 30, 2023 , the Company held in treasury Convertible Notes in principal amount of $ 425.4 million which notes had not been cancelled. The outstanding balance of the Convertible Notes as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 consisted of the following (in thousands): June 30, December 31, 2023 2022 Liability Principal 93,897 93,897 Less: debt discount and issuance costs, net ( 1,014 ) ( 1,161 ) Net carrying amount $ 92,883 $ 92,736 The following table sets forth total interest expense recognized related to the Convertible Notes during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands): Three Months Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 2022 2023 2022 Amortization of debt issuance costs $ 74 $ 145 $ 147 $ 290 Contractual interest expense 822 1,680 1,643 3,360 Total interest expense $ 896 $ 1,825 $ 1,790 $ 3,650 Future minimum payments on Convertible Notes payable as of June 30, 2023 are as follows (in thousands): 2023 $ 1,644 2024 3,286 2025 3,286 2026 96,225 Total future minimum payments 104,441 Less: interest ( 10,544 ) Less: debt discount and issuance costs, net ( 1,014 ) Less: current portion — Convertible senior notes $ 92,883 Capped Call Transactions On September 11, 2019 and May 6, 2020, concurrently with the pricing of the Convertible Notes, the Company entered into capped call transactions with two counterparties. The capped call transactions are expected generally to reduce the potential dilution to the Company’s common stock upon any conversion of Convertible Notes and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted Convertible Notes, as the case may be, in the event that the market price per share of the Company’s common stock, as measured under the terms of the capped call transactions, is greater than the strike price of the capped call transactions, which is initially $39.4625 (the conversion price of the Convertible Notes) and is subject to anti-dilution adjustments substantially similar to those applicable to the conversion rate of such Convertible Notes. If, however, the market price per share of the Company’s common stock, as measured under the terms of the capped call transactions, exceeds the cap price of the capped call transactions, which is initially $63.14 per share, there would nevertheless be dilution and/or there would not be an offset of such potential cash payments, in each case, to the extent that such market price exceeds the cap price of the capped call transactions. Pursuant to FASB ASC Topic 815-40 Derivatives and Hedging, the Company determined that the capped call transactions should be classified as equity instruments and the capped call premium paid in the amount of $ 28.4 million and $ 43.1 million were recorded as reductions to additional paid-in capital at December 31, 2021 for the 2019 Convertible Notes and the 2020 Convertible Notes, respectively. |