Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation and Consolidation The Company’s financial statements have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”). Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative United States generally accepted accounting principles as found in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU”) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). The Company’s consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, T2 Biosystems Securities Corporation. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Use of Estimates The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The Company utilizes certain estimates in the determination of the fair value of its stock options, deferred tax valuation allowances, revenue recognition, to record expenses relating to research and development contracts and to classify the value of instrument raw material and work-in-process inventory between inventory and property and equipment. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and other market ‑specific or other relevant assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from such estimates. Segment Information Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker, or decision ‑making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is the Chief Executive Officer. The Company views its operations and manages its business in one operating segment, which is the business of developing and, upon regulatory clearance, launching commercially its diagnostic products aimed at reducing mortality rates, improving patient outcomes and reducing the cost of healthcare by helping medical professionals make targeted treatment decisions earlier. Off ‑Balance Sheet Risk and Concentrations of Credit Risk The Company has no significant off-balance sheet risks, such as foreign exchange contracts, option contracts, or other foreign hedging arrangements. Cash and cash equivalents are financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk. At December 31, 2015 and 2014, substantially all of the Company’s cash was deposited in accounts at one financial institution, with a significant amount invested in money market funds that are invested in short-term U.S. government agency securities. The Company maintains its cash deposits, which at times may exceed the federally insured limits, with a large financial institution and, accordingly, the Company believes such funds are subject to minimal credit risk. For the year end December 31, 2015, the Company derived approximately 50% of its total revenue from one customer and 25% of its total revenue from a second customer. For the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company derived all of its revenue from a single customer. Cash Equivalents Cash equivalents include all highly liquid investments maturing within 90 days from the date of purchase. Cash equivalents consist of money market funds invested in short-term U.S. government agency securities as of December 31, 2015 and 2014. Accounts Receivable The Company’s accounts receivable consists of amounts due from commercial customer s and from research and development arrangements with partners. At each reporting period, management reviews all outstanding balances to determine if the facts and circumstances of each customer relationship indicate the need for a reserve. The Company does not require collateral and did not have an allowance for accounts at December 31, 2015 or 2014. Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. The Company determines the cost of its inventories, which includes amounts related to materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead, on a first-in, first-out basis. The Company performs an assessment of the recoverability of capitalized inventory during each reporting period, and writes down any excess and obsolete inventories to their realizable value in the period in which the impairment is first identified. Shipping and handling costs incurred for inventory purchases are capitalized and recorded upon sale in cost of product revenues in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss or are included in the value of T2-owned instruments and components, a component of property and equipment, net, and depreciated. The Company capitalizes inventories in preparation for sales of products when the related product candidates are considered to have a high likelihood of regulatory clearance, which for the T2Dx Instrument and T2Candida Panel was upon the achievement of regulatory clearance, and the related costs are expected to be recoverable through sales of the inventories. In addition, the Company capitalizes inventories related to the manufacture of instruments that have a high likelihood of regulatory clearance, which for the T2Dx Instrument was upon the achievement of regulatory clearance, and will be retained as the Company’s assets, upon determination that the instrument has alternative future uses. In determining whether or not to capitalize such inventories, the Company evaluates, among other factors, information regarding the product candidate’s status of regulatory submissions and communications with regulatory authorities, the outlook for commercial sales and alternative future uses of the product candidate. Costs associated with development products prior to satisfying the inventory capitalization criteria are charged to research and development expense as incurred. The Company classifies inventories related to instruments that are Company-owned, as a component of property and equipment. Raw material and work-in-process inventories that are expected to be used to produce Company-owned instruments, based on our business model and forecast, are also classified as property and equipment. Company-owned instruments are instruments that are manufactured and placed with customers in connection with reagent rental agreements, or are used for internal purposes. The components of inventory consist of the following (in thousands): December 31, December 31, 2015 2014 Raw materials $ $ Work-in-process Finished goods — Total inventories $ $ Fair Value Measurements The Company is required to disclose information on all assets and liabilities reported at fair value that enables an assessment of the inputs used in determining the reported fair values. ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820”), establishes a hierarchy of inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, and are developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The fair value hierarchy applies only to the valuation inputs used in determining the reported fair value of the investments and is not a measure of the investment credit quality. The hierarchy defines three levels of valuation inputs: Level 1 — Quoted unadjusted prices for identical instruments in active markets. Level 2 — Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model ‑derived valuations in which all observable inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets. Level 3 — Model derived valuations in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable, including assumptions developed by the Company. The fair value hierarchy prioritizes valuation inputs based on the observable nature of those inputs. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires management to make judgments and consider factors specific to the asset or liability (See Note 3). Financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis include cash, money market funds and restricted cash (See Note 3). For certain financial instruments, including accounts payable and accrued expenses, the carrying amounts approximate their fair values as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 because of their short-term nature. At December 31, 2015 and 2014, the carrying value of the Company’s debt approximated fair value, which was determined using Level 3 inputs, including a quoted interest rate (Note 6). Property and Equipment Property and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated over their estimated useful lives using the straight ‑line method. Property and equipment includes raw materials, work-in-process and finished instruments that are Company-owned or expected to remain Company-owned when placed in service. Company-owned instruments are instruments that are manufactured and placed with customers in connection with reagent rental agreements, or are used for internal purposes. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred, whereas major improvements are capitalized as additions to property and equipment. Revenue Recognition The Company generates revenue from product sales, which includes the sale of T2Dx, consumable diagnostic tests and related services, and research and development agreements with third parties. The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 605, Revenue Recognition (“ASC 605”). Accordingly, the Company recognizes revenue when all of the following criteria have been met: i. Persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists ii. Delivery has occurred or services have been rendered iii. The seller’s price to the buyer is fixed or determinable iv. Collectability is reasonably assured If any of the above criteria have not been met, the Company defers revenue until such time each of the criteria have been satisfied. Product revenue is generated by the sale of T2Dx and consuma ble diagnostic tests. The Company either sells T2Dx to customers, or retains title and places a T2Dx at the customer site pursuant to a reagent rental agreement. When a T2Dx is directly purchased by a customer, the Company recognizes revenue when all applicable revenue recognition criteria are met. When a T2Dx is placed under a reagent rental agreement, the Company’s customers generally agree to long-term agreements, certain of which may include minimum purchase commitments and/or incremental charge s on each consumable diagnostic test purchased, which varies based on the monthly volume of test cartridges purchased. Revenue from the sale of consumable diagnostic tests, which includes the incremental charge, is recognized upon delivery as a component of product revenue in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Direct sales of T2Dx include warranty, maintenance and technical support services for one year following the installation of the purchased T2Dx (“Maintenance Se rvices”). After the completion of the initial Maintenance Services period, customers have the option to renew the Maintenance Services for additional one year periods in exchange for additional consideration. In addition, the Company may provide training to customers. The Company defers revenue from the initial sale of T2Dx equal to the relative fair value of the one year of Maintenance Services and training and recognizes the amounts ratably over the service delivery period. The Company warrants that consumable diagnostic tests will be free from defects, when handled according to product specifications, for the stated life of the product. To fulfill valid warranty claims, the Company provides a credit to its customers on future orders. Accordingly, the Company defers revenue associated with the estimated defect rates of the consumable diagnostic tests. The Company does not offer rights of return for T2Dx or consumable diagnostic tests. Shipping and handling costs incurred associated with products sold to customers are recorded as a cost of product revenue in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. Shipping and handling costs billed to customers in connection with a product sale are recorded as a component of product revenue in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. For multiple-element arrangements, the Company identifies the deliverables included within each agreement and evaluates which deliverables represent separate units of accounting. The determination that multiple elements in an arrangement meet the criteria for separate units of accounting requires the Company’s management to exercise judgment. The Company accounts for those components as separate elements when the following criteria are met: (1) the delivered items have value to the customer on a stand-alone basis; and, (2) if there is a general right of return relative to the delivered items, delivery or performance of the undelivered items is considered probable and within its control. The consideration received is allocated among the separate units of accounting based on a selling price hierarchy. The selling price hierarchy is based on: (1) vendor specific objective evidence (“VSOE”), if available; (2) third party evidence of selling price if VSOE is not available; or (3) best estimated selling price (“BESP”) if neither VSOE nor third party evidence is available. The Company generally expects that it will not be able to establish selling price using third-party evidence due to the nature of our products and the markets in which the Company compete s , and, as such, the Company typically will determine selling price using VSOE or BESP. When the Company establishes selling price using BESP, consideration is given to both market and Company-specific factors, including the cost to produce the deliverable and the anticipated margin on that deliverable, as well as the characteristics of markets in which the deliverable is sold. Revenue earned from activities performed pursuant to research and development agreements is reported as research revenue in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, using the proportional performance method as the work is completed, limited to payments earned, and the related costs are expensed as incurred as research and development expense. The timing of receipt of cash from the Company’s research and development agreements generally differs from when revenue is recognized. Cost of Product Revenue Cost of product revenue includes the cost of materials, direct labor and manufacturing overhead costs used in the manufacture of consumable diagnostic tests sold to customers and related license and royalty fees. Cost of product revenue also includes depreciation on revenue generating T2Dx that have been placed with customers under reagent rental agreements; costs of materials, direct labor and manufacturing overhead costs on T2Dx sold to customers; and other costs such as customer support costs, royalties and license fees, warranty and repair and maintenance expense on T2Dx that have been placed with customers under reagent rental agreements. Research and Development Costs Costs incurred in the research and development of the Company’s product candidates are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses consist of costs incurred in performing research and development activities, including activities associated with performing services under research revenue arrangements, and include salaries and benefits, stock compensation, research ‑related facility and overhead costs, laboratory supplies, equipment and contract services. Impairment of Long Lived Assets The Company reviews long ‑lived assets, including capitalized T2 owned equipment and components , for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. During this review, the Company reevaluates the significant assumptions used in determining the original cost and estimated lives of long ‑lived assets. Although the assumptions may vary from asset to asset, they generally include operating results, changes in the use of the asset, cash flows and other indicators of value. Management then determines whether the remaining useful life continues to be appropriate or whether there has been an impairment of long ‑lived assets based primarily upon whether expected future undiscounted cash flows are sufficient to support the assets’ recovery. If impairment exists, the Company would adjust the carrying value of the asset to fair value, generally determined by a discounted cash flow analysis. No impairment charges have been recorded in any of the periods presented. Comprehensive Loss Comprehensive loss is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non ‑owner sources. Comprehensive loss consists of net loss and other comprehensive loss, which includes certain changes in equity that are excluded from net loss. The Company’s comprehensive loss equals reported net loss for all periods presented. Stock Based Compensation The Company has a stock ‑based compensation plan which is more fully described in Note 9. The Company records stock ‑based compensation for options granted to employees and to members of the board of directors for their services on the board of directors, based on the grant date fair value of awards issued, and the expense is recorded on a straight ‑line basis over the applicable service period, which is generally four years. The Company accounts for non ‑employee stock ‑based compensation arrangements based upon the fair value of the consideration received or the equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliably measurable. The measurement date for non ‑employee awards is generally the date that the performance of services required for the non ‑employee award is complete. Stock ‑based compensation costs for non ‑employee awards is recognized as services are provided, which is generally the vesting period, on a straight ‑line basis. The Company expenses restricted stock awards based on the fair value of the award on the date of issuance, on a straight ‑line basis over the associated service period of the award. The Company uses the Black ‑Scholes ‑Merton option pricing model to determine the fair value of stock options. The use of the Black ‑Scholes ‑Merton option ‑pricing model requires management to make assumptions with respect to the expected term of the option, the expected volatility of the common stock consistent with the expected life of the option, risk ‑free interest rates and expected dividend yields of the common stock. The expected term was determined according to the simplified method, which is the average of the vesting tranche dates and the contractual term. Due to the lack of a public market for the trading of the Company’s common stock and a limited amount of company ‑specific historical and implied volatility data, the Company base s its estimate of expected volatility primarily on the historical volatility of a group of similar companies that are publicly traded. For these analyses, companies with comparable characteristics a re selected, including enterprise value and position within the industry, and with historical share price information sufficient to meet the expected life of the stock ‑based awards. The Company compute s the historical volatility data using the daily closing prices for the selected companies’ shares during the equivalent period of the calculated expected term of its stock ‑based awards. The risk ‑free interest rate is determined by reference to U.S. Treasury zero ‑coupon issues with remaining maturities similar to the expected term of the options. The Company has not paid, and does not anticipate paying, cash dividends on shares of common stock; therefore, the expected dividend yield is assumed to be zero . The Company is required to estimate forfeitures at the time of grant and revise those estimates in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Income Taxes The Company provides for income taxes using the liability method. The Company provides deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the Company’s financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates expected to be in effect in the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance is provided to reduce the deferred tax assets to the amount that will more likely than not be realized. The Company applies ASC 740 Income Taxes (“ASC 740”) in accounting for uncertainty in income taxes. The Company does not have any material uncertain tax positions for which reserves would be required. The Company will recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions, if any, in income tax expense. Guarantees As permitted under Delaware law, the Company indemnifies its officers and directors for certain events or occurrences while the officer or director is, or was, serving at the Company’s request in such capacity. The term of the indemnification is for the officer’s or director’s lifetime. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make is unlimited; however, the Company has directors’ and officers’ insurance coverage that limits its exposure and enables it to recover a portion of any future amounts paid. The Company leases office, laboratory and manufacturing space under noncancelable operating leases. The Company has standard indemnification arrangements under the leases that require it to indemnify the landlord against all costs, expenses, fines, suits, claims, demands, liabilities, and actions directly resulting from any breach, violation or nonperformance of any covenant or condition of the Company’s leases. As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company had not experienced any material losses related to these indemnification obligations, and no material claims with respect thereto were outstanding. The Company does not expect significant claims related to these indemnification obligations and, consequently, concluded that the fair value of these obligations is negligible, and no related reserves were established. Net Loss Per Share Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted ‑average number of shares outstanding during the period, without consideration for common stock equivalents. Diluted net loss per share is calculated by adjusting the weighted ‑average number of shares outstanding for the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents outstanding for the period, determined using the treasury ‑stock method. For purposes of the diluted net loss per share calculation, redeemable convertible preferred stock, and warrants to purchase redeemable convertible preferred stock, which were outstanding prior to the Company’s IPO, and stock options and unvested restricted stock are considered to be common stock equivalents, but have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share, as their effect, including the related impact to the numerator of the fair value adjustment of the warrants and the impact to the denominator of the warrant shares, would be anti ‑dilutive for all periods presented. Therefore, basic and diluted net loss per share applicable to common stockholders were the same for all periods presented. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the FASB or other standard setting bodies and adopted by the Company as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed, the Company believes that the impact of recently issued standards that are not yet effective will not have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations upon adoption. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (“ASU 2016-02”), which applies to all leases and will require lessees to put most leases on the balance sheet, but recognize expense in a manner similar to the current standard. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods within those years, which is the year ended December 31, 2019 for the Company. Entities are required to use a modified retrospective approach of adoption for leases that exist or are entered into after the beginning of the earliest comparative period in the financial statements. Full restrospective application is prohibited. The Company is evaluating the new guidance and the expected effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes (“ASU 2015-17”). The standard requires all companies to report deferred tax assets and liabilities as noncurrent, which modifies the current standard, which requires deferred tax assets and liabilities to be classified as current or noncurrent based on how the related assets or liabilities are classified. ASU 2015-17 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, and for interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted and may be applied prospectively or retrospectively. The Company has adopted ASU 2015-17 as of December 31, 2015 on a prospective basis, which resulted the netting of deferred tax assets and liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-11, Inventory (Topic 330): Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory (“ASU 2015-11”). The standard simplifies the subsequent measurement of inventory by requiring inventory to be measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value for entities using the first-in-first out method of valuing inventory. ASU 2015-11 eliminates other measures required by current guidance to determine net realizable value. ASU 2015-11 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016 and interim periods within those fiscal years and early adoption is permitted. The Company has not adopted ASU 2015-11 and does not expect the new guidance to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements. In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-05, Customer’s Accounting for Fees Paid in a Cloud Computing Arrangement (“ASU 2015-05”). The standard clarifies that customers in cloud computing arrangements should determine whether the arrangement includes a license of software by applying the same guidance as cloud service providers and eliminates the existing requirement for customers to account for software licenses acquired by analogizing to the guidance on leases. It is effective for annual periods beginning on or after December 15, 2015, including interim periods within those annual periods, and early adoption is permitted. Adoption of ASU 2015-05 can either be applied (1) prospectively to all arrangements entered into or materially modified after the effective date or (2) retrospectively. The Company has not adopted the guidance prescribed by ASU 2015-05 and does not expect the new guidance to have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements. In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-03, Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs (“ASU 2015-03”). This standard amends existing guidance to require the presentation of debt issuance costs in the balance sheet as a deduction from the carrying amount of the related debt liability instead of a deferred charge. It is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, but early adoption is permitted. Adoption of ASU 2015-03 is applied retrospectively. The Company has not adopted the guidance prescribed by ASU 2015-03. However, had the Company adopted this guidance as of December 31, 2015, the Company would reclassify a total of $151,000 of deferred financing costs from other current assets and other assets on the consolidated balance sheet and reduce the total notes payable balance accordingly. In June 2014, the FASB issued amended guidance, ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2014-09”), which is applicable to revenue recognition that will now be effective for the Company for the year ending December 31, 2018, as a result of the deferral of the effective date adopted by the FASB in July 2015. The new guidance must be adopted using either a full retrospective approach for all periods presented or a modified retrospective approach. Early adoption prior to the original adoption date of ASU 2014-09 is not permitted. The new guidance applies a more principles-based approach to revenue recognition. The Company is evaluating the new guidance and the expected effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements – Going Concern (“ASU 2014-15”), which is effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 2014-15 provides new guidance on (1) management’s responsibility in evaluating whether or not there is substantial doubt about a company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year from the date the financial statements are issued each reporting period and (2) related financial statement disclosures. The Company has not adopted the guidance prescribed by ASU 2014-15. However, had the Company applied the guidance prescribed by ASU 2014-15 as of December 31, 2015, the Company would determine that there is not substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern for at least one year from date the financial statements are issued . |