Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The Company’s financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative United States GAAP as defined in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU”) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, T2 Biosystems Securities Corporation. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Unaudited Interim Financial Information Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the Company’s annual financial statements have been condensed or omitted. Accordingly, these interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. The accompanying interim condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2020, the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the condensed consolidated statements of stockholders’ (deficit) equity for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 and the related financial data and other information disclosed in these notes are unaudited. The unaudited interim financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited annual financial statements, and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s financial position as of March 31, 2020, and the results of its operations for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 and its cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. The results for the three months ended March 31, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2020, any other interim periods, or any future year or period. Segment Information Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker, or decision-making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is the Chief Executive Officer. The Company views its operations and manages its business in one operating segment, which is the business of developing and, upon regulatory clearance, commercializing its diagnostic products aimed at lowering mortality rates, improving patient outcomes and reducing the cost of healthcare by helping medical professionals make targeted treatment decisions earlier. Geographic Information The Company sells its products domestically and internationally. Total international sales were approximately $0.4 million or 17% of total revenue and $0.6 million or 36% of total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. International customers who represented 10% or more of the Company’s total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 were as follows: Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 2019 Customer A * 13 % Customer B * 11 % *Less than 10% for the period indicated As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had outstanding receivables of $0.6 million and $1.2 million, respectively, from customers located outside of the U.S. Net Loss Per Share Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, without consideration for common stock equivalents. Diluted net loss per share is calculated by adjusting the weighted-average number of shares outstanding for the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents outstanding for the period, determined using the treasury-stock method. For purposes of the diluted net loss per share calculation, stock options and unvested restricted stock and restricted stock contingently issuable upon achievement of certain market conditions are considered to be common stock equivalents, but have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share, as their effect would be anti-dilutive for all periods presented. Therefore, basic and diluted net loss per share applicable to common stockholders was the same for all periods presented. Guarantees As permitted under Delaware law, the Company indemnifies its officers and directors for certain events or occurrences while each such officer or director is, or was, serving at the Company’s request in such capacity. The term of the indemnification is the officer’s or director’s lifetime. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make is unlimited; however, the Company has directors’ and officers’ liability insurance coverage that limits its exposure and enables the Company to recover a portion of any future amounts paid. The Company leases office, laboratory and manufacturing space under noncancelable operating leases. The Company has standard indemnification arrangements under the leases that require it to indemnify the landlords against all costs, expenses, fines, suits, claims, demands, liabilities, and actions directly resulting from any breach, violation or nonperformance of any covenant or condition of the Company’s leases. In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into indemnification agreements with certain suppliers and business partners where the Company has certain indemnification obligations limited to the costs, expenses, fines, suits, claims, demands, liabilities and actions directly resulting from the Company’s gross negligence or willful misconduct, and in certain instances, breaches, violations or nonperformance of covenants or conditions under the agreements. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had not experienced any material losses related to these indemnification obligations, and no material claims with respect thereto were outstanding. The Company does not expect significant claims related to these indemnification obligations and, consequently, concluded that the fair value of these obligations is negligible, and no related reserves were established. Leases Pursuant to Topic 842, Leases In accordance with the guidance in ASC 842, components of a lease should be split into three categories: lease components (e.g. land, building, etc.), non-lease components (e.g. common area maintenance, consumables, etc.), and non-components (e.g. property taxes, insurance, etc.) Then the fixed and in-substance fixed contract consideration (including any related to non-components) must be allocated based on the respective relative fair values to the lease components and non-lease components. The Company made the policy election to not separate lease and non-lease components. Each lease component and the related non-lease components are accounted for together as a single component. Revenue Recognition The Company generates revenue from the sale of instruments, consumable diagnostic tests, related services, reagent rental agreements and research and development agreements with third parties. Pursuant to ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers Once a contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC 606 at contract inception, the Company reviews the contract to determine which performance obligations the Company must deliver and which of these performance obligations are distinct. The Company recognizes as revenues the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when the performance obligation is satisfied or as it is satisfied. Generally, the Company's performance obligations are transferred to customers at a point in time, typically upon shipment, or over time, as services are performed. Most of the Company’s contracts with distributors in geographic regions outside the United States contain only a single performance obligation; whereas, most of the Company’s contracts with direct sales customers in the United States contain multiple performance obligations. For these contracts, the Company accounts for individual performance obligations separately if they are distinct. The transaction price is allocated to the separate performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price basis. Excluded from the transaction price are sales tax and other similar taxes which are presented on a net basis. Product revenue is generated by the sale of instruments and consumable diagnostic tests predominantly through the Company’s direct sales force in the United States and distributors in geographic regions outside the United States. The Company does not offer product return or exchange rights (other than those relating to defective goods under warranty) or price protection allowances to its customers, including its distributors. Payment terms granted to distributors are the same as those granted to end-user customers and payments are not dependent upon the distributors’ receipt of payment from their end-user customers. The Company either sells instruments to customers and international distributors, or retains title and places the instrument at the customer site pursuant to a reagent rental agreement. When an instrument is purchased by a customer, the Company recognizes revenue when the related performance obligation is satisfied (i.e. when the control of an instrument has passed to the customer; typically, at shipping point). When the instrument is placed under a reagent rental agreement, the Company’s customers generally agree to fixed term agreements, which can be extended, and incremental charges on each consumable diagnostic test purchased. Revenue from the sale of consumable diagnostic tests (under a reagent rental agreement) is recognized upon shipment. The transaction price from consumables purchases is allocated between the lease of the instrument (under a contingent rent methodology as provided for in ASC 842, Leases Direct sales of instruments include warranty, maintenance and technical support services typically for one year following the installation of the purchased instrument (“Maintenance Services”). Maintenance Services are separate performance obligations as they are service based warranties and are recognized on a straight-line basis over the service delivery period. After the completion of the initial Maintenance Services period, customers have the option to renew or extend the Maintenance Services typically for additional one-year Fees paid to member-owned group purchasing organizations (“GPOs”) are deducted from related product revenues. The Company warrants that consumable diagnostic tests will be free from defects, when handled according to product specifications, for the stated life of the product. To fulfill valid warranty claims, the Company provides replacement product free of charge. Accordingly, the Company accrues warranty expense associated with the estimated defect rates of the consumable diagnostic tests. Revenue earned from activities performed pursuant to research and development agreements is reported as research revenue in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, and is recognized over time using an input method as the work is completed. The related costs are expensed as incurred as research and development expense. The timing of receipt of cash from the Company’s research and development agreements generally differs from when revenue is recognized. Milestones are contingent on the occurrence of future events and are considered variable consideration being constrained until the Company believes a significant revenue reversal will not occur. Refer to Note 11 for further details regarding the Company’s research and development arrangements. Grants received, including cost reimbursement agreements, are assessed to determine if the agreement should be accounted for as an exchange transaction or a contribution. An agreement is accounted for as a contribution if the resource provider does not receive commensurate value in return for the assets transferred. Contribution revenue is recognized when all donor-imposed conditions have been met. Our customers may cease to comply with the terms of our sales agreements and this may impact our ability to recognize revenue and hinder receivables collections. We have a significant development contract with a United States Government agency and should the agency reduce, cancel or not grant additional milestone projects our ability to continue our future product development may be impacted. Disaggregation of Revenue The Company disaggregates revenue from contracts with customers by type of products and services, as it best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. The following table disaggregates our revenue by major source (in thousands): Three months ended, March 31, 2020 2019 Product Revenue Instruments $ 247 $ 535 Consumables 745 733 Instrument rentals 53 46 Total Product Revenue 1,045 1,314 Research Revenue — 142 Contribution Revenue 1,500 329 Total Revenue $ 2,545 $ 1,785 Remaining Performance Obligations Remaining performance obligations represent the transaction price of firm orders for which work has not been performed or goods and services have not been delivered. As of March 31, 2020, the aggregate amount of transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations for contracts with an original duration greater than one year was $0.2 million. We do not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which we recognize revenue at the amount to which we have the right to invoice for services performed. The Company expects to recognize revenue on the remaining performance obligations over the next 21 months. Significant Judgments Our contracts with customers often include promises to transfer multiple products and services to a customer. Determining whether products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may require significant judgment. Once we determine the performance obligations, the Company determines the transaction price, which includes estimating the amount of variable consideration, based on the most likely amount, to be included in the transaction price, if any. We then allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation in the contract based on a relative stand-alone selling price method. The corresponding revenue is recognized as the related performance obligations are satisfied as discussed in the revenue categories above. Judgment is required to determine the standalone selling price for each distinct performance obligation. We determine standalone selling price based on the price at which the performance obligation is sold separately. If the standalone selling price is not observable through past transactions, we estimate the standalone selling price taking into account available information such as market conditions and the expected costs and margin related to the performance obligations. Contract Assets and Liabilities The Company did not record any contract assets at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The Company’s contract liabilities consist of upfront payments for research and development contracts and Maintenance Services on instrument sales. We classify these contract liabilities in deferred revenue as current or noncurrent based on the timing of when we expect to recognize revenue. Contract liabilities were $0.2 million at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Revenue recognized in the three months ended March 31, 2020 relating to contract liabilities at December 31, 2019 was $0.1 million, and related to straight-line revenue recognition associated with maintenance agreements. Cost to Obtain and Fulfill a Contract The Company does not meet the recoverability criteria to capitalize costs to obtain or fulfill instrument purchases. Reagent rental agreements do not meet the recoverability criteria to capitalize costs to obtain the contracts and the costs to fulfill the contracts are under the scope of ASC 842. At the end of each reporting period, the Company assesses whether any circumstances have changed to meet the criteria for capitalization. The Company did not incur any expenses to obtain research and development agreements and costs to fulfill those contracts do not generate or enhance resources of the entity. As such, no costs to obtain or fulfill contracts have been capitalized at period end. Cost of Product Revenue Cost of product revenue includes the cost of materials, direct labor and manufacturing overhead costs used in the manufacture of consumable diagnostic tests sold to customers and related license and royalty fees. Cost of product revenue also includes depreciation on revenue generating T2Dx instruments that have been placed with customers under reagent rental agreements; costs of materials, direct labor and manufacturing overhead costs on the T2Dx instruments sold to customers; and other costs such as customer support costs, royalties and license fees, warranty and repair and maintenance expense on the T2Dx instruments that have been placed with customers under reagent rental agreements. Research and Development Costs Costs incurred in the research and development of the Company’s product candidates are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses consist of costs incurred in performing research and development activities, including activities associated with performing services under research revenue arrangements and contribution agreements, costs associated with the manufacture of developed products and include salaries and benefits, stock compensation, research‑related facility and overhead costs, laboratory supplies, equipment and contract services. Recent Accounting Standards From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the FASB or other standard setting bodies and adopted by the Company as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed, the Company believes that the impact of recently issued standards that are not yet effective will not have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations upon adoption. Accounting Standards Adopted In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-18, Collaborative Arrangements (“ASU 2018-18”), which clarifies the interaction between ASC 808, Collaborative Arrangements and ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Certain transactions between participants in a collaborative arrangement should be accounted for under ASC 606 when the counterparty is a customer. In addition, ASU 2018-18 precludes an entity from presenting consideration from a transaction in a collaborative arrangement as revenue if the counterparty is not a customer for that transaction. ASU 2018-18 should be applied retrospectively to the date of initial application of ASC 606. This guidance is effective for interim and fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2019. We adopted ASU 2018-18 on January 1, 2020. The adoption did not have a material impact on our financial statements. Accounting Standards Issued, Not Adopted In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes: Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes |