Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation and Consolidation The Company’s financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative United States generally accepted accounting principles as found in the Accounting Standards Codification and Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU”) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). The Company’s consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, T2 Biosystems Securities Corporation. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. The Company has made a reclassification of prior periods to conform to the current period presentation. The Company has customer service personnel provide customer product support as well as field installation, training and T2Dx system maintenance. Time spent in the field servicing customers with service maintenance contracts and for installation and training is considered services and included in cost of goods sold. Time spent providing customer support is now considered a commercial support activity and is included in selling, general and administrative expenses. Previously, customer support was considered a development phase activity and was included in research and development expense. The reclassification increased selling, general and administrative expenses by $0.8 million and decreased research and development expenses by $0.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The reclassification had no impact on total costs and expenses, loss from operations, net loss or net loss per share. Use of Estimates The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The Company utilizes certain estimates in the determination of the accounts receivable allowance, the excess and obsolete inventory, the net realizable value of inventory, the fair value of its stock options, as well as restricted stock units that have market conditions, deferred tax valuation allowances, revenue recognition, expenses relating to research and development contracts, accrued expenses, the fair value of a derivative liability, the fair value of warrants and classification of the value of instrument raw material and work-in-process inventory between inventory and property and equipment. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and other market‑specific or other relevant assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from such estimates. Segment Information Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker, or decision‑making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is the Chief Executive Officer. The Company views its operations and manages its business in one operating segment, which is the business of developing and, upon regulatory clearance, launching commercially its diagnostic products aimed at lowering mortality rates, improving patient outcomes and reducing the cost of healthcare by helping medical professionals make targeted treatment decisions earlier. Geographic Information The Company sells its products domestically and internationally. International sales to a single country did not exceed 10% of total revenue in any year. Total international sales were approximately $2.3 million, or 8% of total revenue in 2021, and $2.0 million, or 11% of total revenue, in 2020. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had outstanding receivables of $0.6 million and $0.5 million, respectively, from customers located outside of the U.S. Off‑Balance Sheet Risk and Concentrations of Risk The Company has no significant off-balance sheet risks, such as foreign exchange contracts, option contracts, or other foreign hedging arrangements. Cash and cash equivalents are financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, substantially all of the Company’s cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities were deposited in accounts at two financial institutions, with the majority of marketable securities invested in certificates of deposit and U.S. treasury securities. The Company maintains its cash deposits, which at times may exceed the federally insured limits, with a large financial institution and, accordingly, the Company believes such funds are subject to minimal credit risk. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company derived approximately 41% of its total revenue from one U.S. government customer (BARDA), approximately 15% of its total revenue from a U.S. healthcare system comprised of multiple hospitals, and approximately 5% of its total revenue from one U.S. hospital customer. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company derived 36% of its total revenue from one U.S. government customer (BARDA), approximately 11% of its total revenue from a U.S. healthcare system comprised of multiple hospitals, and approximately 6% of its total revenue from one U.S. hospital customer. At December 31, 2021, the Company derived approximately 37% of its accounts receivable balance from one U.S. government customer (BARDA) and approximately 22% of its accounts receivable balance from a U.S. healthcare system comprised of multiple hospitals. At December 31, 2020, the same two customers represented 17% and 20%, respectively, of its accounts receivable balance. The Company relies on single-source suppliers for some components and materials used in its products and product candidates. The Company has entered into supply agreements with most of its suppliers to help ensure component availability and flexible purchasing terms with respect to the purchase of such components. While the Company believes replacement suppliers exist for all components and materials obtained from single sources, establishing additional or replacement suppliers for any of these components or materials, if required, may not be accomplished quickly. Even if the Company is able to find a replacement supplier, the replacement supplier would need to be qualified and may require additional regulatory authority approval, which could result in further delay. If third-party suppliers fail to deliver the required commercial quantities of materials on a timely basis and at commercially reasonable prices, and the Company is unable to find one or more replacement suppliers capable of production at a substantially equivalent cost in substantially equivalent volumes and quality on a timely basis, the continued commercialization of products, the supply of products to customers and the development of any future products would be delayed, limited or prevented, which could have an adverse impact on the business. Cash Equivalents Cash equivalents include all highly liquid investments with original maturities of 90 days or less. Cash equivalents consist of government securities as of December 31, 2021, and certificates of deposit and government securities as of December 31, 2020. Marketable Securities The Company’s marketable securities typically consist of certificates of deposit and U.S. treasury securities, which are classified as available-for-sale and included in current and non-current assets. Available-for-sale debt securities are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported as a component of stockholders’ equity (deficit) in accumulated other comprehensive income. Realized gains and losses, if any, are included in other income, net in the consolidated statements of operations. Available-for-sale securities are reviewed for possible impairment at least quarterly, or more frequently if circumstances arise that may indicate impairment. When the fair value of the securities declines below the amortized cost basis, impairment is indicated and it must be determined whether it is other than temporary. Impairment is considered to be other than temporary if the Company: (i) intends to sell the security, (ii) will more likely than not be forced to sell the security before recovering its cost, or (iii) does not expect to recover the security’s amortized cost basis. If the decline in fair value is considered other than temporary, the cost basis of the security is adjusted to its fair market value and the realized loss is reported in earnings. Subsequent increases or decreases in fair value are reported as a component of stockholders’ equity (deficit) in accumulated other comprehensive income. There were no other-than-temporary unrealized losses as of December 31, 2021 and 2020. The following tables summarize the Company’s marketable securities at December 31, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands): December 31, 2021 Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value U.S. treasury securities $ 10,000 $ (4 ) $ 9,996 Total $ 10,000 $ — $ (4 ) $ 9,996 December 31, 2020 Amortized Cost Gross Unrealized Gains Gross Unrealized Losses Fair Value Certificates of deposit $ 1,250 $ 1 $ — $ 1,251 U.S. treasury securities 34,139 8 — 34,147 Total $ 35,389 $ 9 $ — $ 35,398 The following table summarizes the maturities of the Company’s marketable securities at December 31, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands): December 31, 2021 December 31, 2020 Amortized Cost Fair Value Amortized Cost Fair Value Due in less than 1 year $ 10,000 $ 9,996 $ 25,387 $ 25,396 Due in 1-2 years — — 10,002 10,002 Total $ 10,000 $ 9,996 $ 35,389 $ 35,398 Accounts Receivable The Company’s accounts receivable consists of amounts due from product sales to commercial customers and from its development contract with BARDA. At each reporting period, management reviews historical loss information, characteristics of our customers, our credit practices and the economic conditions, along with all outstanding balances to determine if the facts and circumstances indicate the need for a credit loss allowance. Receivables are written off against these allowances in the period they are determined to be uncollectible. The Company does not require collateral and did not have an allowance for doubtful accounts at December 31, 2021 or 2020. Inventories Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The Company determines the cost of its inventories, which includes amounts related to materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead, on a first-in, first-out basis. The Company performs an assessment of the recoverability of capitalized inventory during each reporting period and records a charge to expense for cost basis in excess of net realizable value in the period in which the impairment is first identified, and writes down any excess and obsolete inventories as appropriate. Shipping and handling costs incurred for inventory purchases are capitalized and recorded upon sale in cost of product revenues in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss or are included in the value of T2-owned instruments and components, a component of property and equipment, net, and depreciated. The Company capitalizes inventories in preparation for sales of products when the related product candidates are considered to have a high likelihood of regulatory clearance, which for the T2D x Instrument, T2Candida and T2Bacteria was upon the achievement of regulatory clearance and upon EUA for T2SARS-CoV-2, and the related costs are expected to be recoverable through sales of the inventories. In addition, the Company capitalizes inventories related to the manufacture of instruments that have a high likelihood of regulatory clearance, which for the T2Dx Instrument was upon the achievement of regulatory clearance, and will be retained as the Company’s assets, upon determination that the instrument has alternative future uses. In determining whether or not to capitalize such inventories, the Company evaluates, among other factors, information regarding the product candidate’s status of regulatory submissions and communications with regulatory authorities, the outlook for commercial sales and alternative future uses of the product candidate. Costs associated with development products prior to satisfying the inventory capitalization criteria are charged to research and development expense as incurred. The Company classifies instruments that are T2-owned, as a component of property and equipment. Raw material and work-in-process inventories that are expected to be used to produce T2-owned instruments, based on the Company’s business model and forecast, are also classified as property and equipment. T2-owned instruments are instruments that are manufactured and placed with customers in connection with reagent rental agreements, or are used for internal purposes. The components of inventory consist of the following (in thousands): December 31, December 31, 2021 2020 Raw materials $ 1,591 $ 1,496 Work-in-process 953 1,374 Finished goods 1,365 766 Total inventories, net $ 3,909 $ 3,636 Fair Value Measurements The Company is required to disclose information on all assets and liabilities reported at fair value that enables an assessment of the inputs used in determining the reported fair values. ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, and are developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The fair value hierarchy applies only to the valuation inputs used in determining the reported fair value of the investments and is not a measure of the investment credit quality. The hierarchy defines three levels of valuation inputs: Level 1 — Quoted unadjusted prices for identical instruments in active markets. Level 2 — Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model‑derived valuations in which all observable inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets. Level 3 — Model derived valuations in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable, including assumptions developed by the Company. The fair value hierarchy prioritizes valuation inputs based on the observable nature of those inputs. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires management to make judgments and consider factors specific to the asset or liability (Note 3). For certain financial instruments, including accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable and accrued expenses, the carrying amounts approximate their fair values as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 because of their short-term nature. At December 31, 2020, the fair value of the derivative liability was determined using Level 3 inputs using a valuation model that includes assumptions from the Company (Note 3). Property and Equipment Property and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated over their estimated useful lives using the straight‑line method. Property and equipment includes raw materials and work-in-process inventory that are expected to be used or used to produce T2-owned instruments based on the Company’s business model and forecast, and finished instruments that will be used for internal research and development, clinical studies or reagent rental agreements with customers. Completed T2-owned instruments are placed in service once installation procedures are completed. Construction in progress is primarily comprised of equipment that has not been placed in service. Leases Pursuant to Topic 842, Leases In accordance with the guidance in ASC 842, components of a lease should be split into three categories: lease components (e.g. land, building, etc.), non-lease components (e.g. common area maintenance, consumables, etc.), and non-components (e.g. property taxes, insurance, etc.). Then the fixed and in-substance fixed contract consideration (including any related to non-components) must be allocated based on the respective relative fair values to the lease components and non-lease components. The Company made the policy election to not separate lease and non-lease components. Each lease component and the related non-lease components are accounted for together as a single component. Revenue Recognition The Company generates revenue from the sale of instruments, consumable diagnostic tests, related services, reagent rental agreements and government contributions. Pursuant to ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers • Identification of a contract with a customer • Identification of the performance obligations in the contract • Determination of the transaction price • Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations • Recognition of revenue as a performance obligation is satisfied The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for these goods and services. Once a contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC 606 at contract inception, the Company reviews the contract to determine which performance obligations the Company must deliver and which of these performance obligations are distinct. The Company recognizes as revenues the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when the performance obligation is satisfied or as it is satisfied. Generally, the Company's performance obligations are transferred to customers at a point in time, typically upon shipment, or over time, as services are performed. Most of the Company’s contracts with distributors in geographic regions outside the United States contain only a single performance obligation, whereas most of the Company’s contracts with direct sales customers in the United States contain multiple performance obligations. For these contracts, the Company accounts for individual performance obligations separately if they are distinct. The transaction price is allocated to the separate performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price basis. Excluded from the transaction price are sales tax and other similar taxes which are presented on a net basis. Product revenue is generated by the sale of instruments and consumable diagnostic tests predominantly through the Company’s direct sales force in the United States and distributors in geographic regions outside the United States. The Company does not offer product return or exchange rights (other than those relating to defective goods under warranty) or price protection allowances to its customers, including its distributors. Payment terms granted to distributors are the same as those granted to end-user customers and payments are not dependent upon the distributors’ receipt of payment from their end-user customers. The Company either sells instruments to customers and international distributors, or retains title and places the instrument at the customer site pursuant to a reagent rental agreement. When an instrument is purchased by a customer or international distributor, the Company recognizes revenue when the related performance obligation is satisfied (i.e. when the control of an instrument has passed to the customer; typically, at shipping point). When the instrument is placed under a reagent rental agreement, the Company’s customers generally agree to fixed term agreements, which can be extended, and incremental charges on each consumable diagnostic test purchased. Revenue from the sale of consumable diagnostic tests (under a reagent rental agreement) is generally recognized upon shipment. The transaction price from consumables purchases is allocated between the lease of the instrument (under a contingent rent methodology as provided for in ASC 842, Leases ), and the consumables when related performance obligations are satisfied, as a component of lease and product revenue, and is included as Instrument Rentals in the below table. Revenue associated with reagent rental consumables purchases is currently classified as variable consideration and constrained until a purchase order is received and related performance obligations have been satisfied . Revenue from the sale of consumable diagnostic tests (under instrument purchase agreements) is generally recognized upon shipment. Shipping and handling costs billed to customers in connection with a product sale are recorded as a component of the transaction price and allocated to product revenue in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as they are incurred by the Company in fulfilling its performance obligations. Direct sales of instruments include warranty, maintenance and technical support services typically for one year following the installation of the purchased instrument (“Maintenance Services”). Maintenance Services are separate performance obligations as they are service based warranties and are recognized on a straight-line basis over the service delivery period. After the completion of the initial Maintenance Services period, customers have the option to renew or extend the Maintenance Services typically for additional Fees paid to member-owned group purchasing organizations (“GPOs”) are deducted from related product revenues. The Company warrants that consumable diagnostic tests will be free from defects, when handled according to product specifications, for the stated life of the product. To fulfill valid warranty claims, the Company provides replacement product free of charge. Warranty expense is recognized based on the estimated defect rates of the consumable diagnostic tests. Pursuant to ASU No. 2018-08, Not-For-Profit Entities – Clarifying the Scope and the Accounting Guidance for Contributions Received and Contributions Made (“ASU 2018-08”), grants received, including cost reimbursement agreements, are assessed to determine if the agreement should be accounted for as an exchange transaction or a contribution. An agreement is accounted for as a contribution if the resource provider does not receive overnment contract revenue is recognized as the related reimbursable expenses are incurred. The cost reimbursement that is reported as revenue is presented gross of the related reimbursable expenses in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations; the related reimbursable expenses are expensed as incurred as research and development expense. The Company accounts for these contracts as a government grant which analogizes with International Accounting Standards 20 (“IAS 20”), Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance . The Company has a significant development contract with BARDA and should BARDA reduce, cancel or not grant additional milestone projects, the Company’s ability to continue its future product development may be impacted. Refer to Note 15 for further details regarding the development contract with BARDA. Disaggregation of Revenue The Company disaggregates revenue from contracts with customers by type of products and services, as it best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. The following table disaggregates total revenue by major source (in thousands): Year ended December 31, 2021 2020 Product revenue Instruments $ 2,064 $ 3,139 Consumables 14,511 8,423 Instrument rentals 71 115 Total product revenue 16,646 11,677 Research revenue - 11 Contribution revenue 11,412 6,442 Total revenue $ 28,058 $ 18,130 Remaining Performance Obligations Under ASC 606, the Company is required to disclose the aggregate amount of the transaction price that is allocated to unsatisfied or partially satisfied performance obligations as of December 31, 2021. However, the guidance provides certain practical expedients that limit this requirement, and therefore, the Company has elected to not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with an original expected length of one year or less. The nature of the excluded unsatisfied performance obligations pursuant to the practical expedient include consumable shipments, service contracts, warranties and installation services that will be performed within one year. The amount of the transaction price that is allocated to unsatisfied or partially satisfied performance obligations, that has not yet been recognized as revenue and that does not meet the elected practical expedient is $0.3 million as of December 31, 2021. The Company expects to recognize 97% of this amount as revenue within one year and the remainder within two years. Significant Judgments Certain contracts with customers include promises to transfer multiple products and services to a customer. Determining whether products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may require significant judgment. Once the performance obligations are determined, the Company determines the transaction price, which includes estimating the amount of variable consideration, based on the most likely amount, to be included in the transaction price, if any. The Company then allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation in the contract based on a relative standalone selling price method. The corresponding revenue is recognized as the related performance obligations are satisfied as discussed in the revenue categories above. Judgment is required to determine the standalone selling price for each distinct performance obligation. The Company determines standalone selling price based on the price at which the performance obligation is sold separately. If the standalone selling price is not observable through past transactions, the Company estimates the standalone selling price taking into account available information such as a range of selling prices, market conditions and the expected costs and margin related to the performance obligations. Contract Assets and Liabilities The Company did not record any contract assets at December 31, 2021 and 2020. The Company’s contract liabilities consist of upfront payments for research and development contracts and maintenance services on instrument sales. Contract liabilities are classified in deferred revenue as current or noncurrent based on the timing of when revenue is expected to be recognized. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had contract liabilities of $0.5 million and $0.6 million, respectively. Revenue recognized in the year-ended December 31, 2021 relating to contract liabilities at December 31, 2020 was $0.5 million, and related to straight-line revenue recognition associated with maintenance agreements. Costs to Obtain and Fulfill a Contract The Company capitalizes commission expenses paid to sales personnel that are recoverable and incremental to obtaining capital purchase agreements within the United States. These costs are classified as prepaid expenses and other current assets and other assets, based on their current or non-current nature, respectively. The Company capitalizes only those costs that are determined to be incremental and would not have occurred absent the customer contract. These capitalized costs are amortized as selling, general and administrative costs on a straight line basis over the expected period of benefit. These costs are reviewed periodically for impairment. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, capitalized costs to fulfill contracts of $0.1 million and $0.1 million were included in prepaid and other current assets, respectively, and less than $0.1 million and $0.1 million in other non-current assets, respectively. The Company amortized costs of $0.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2021. Cost of Product Revenue Cost of product revenue includes the cost of materials, direct labor and manufacturing overhead costs used in the manufacture of consumable diagnostic tests sold to customers, related warranty and license and royalty fees. Cost of product revenue also includes depreciation on T2-owned revenue generating T2Dx instruments that have been placed with customers under reagent rental agreements; costs of materials, direct labor and manufacturing overhead costs on the T2Dx instruments sold to customers; and other costs such as customer support costs, royalties and license fees, warranty and repair and maintenance expense on the T2Dx instruments that have been placed with customers under reagent rental agreements. Research and Development Costs Costs incurred in the research and development of the Company’s product candidates are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses consist of costs incurred in performing research and development activities, including activities associated with performing services under research revenue arrangements, costs associated with the enhancements of developed products and include salaries and benefits, stock compensation, research‑related facility and overhead costs, laboratory supplies, equipment and contract services. Impairment of Long-lived Assets The Company reviews long‑lived assets, including capitalized T2 owned instruments and components and capitalized costs to fulfill a contract, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If indications of impairment exist, projected future undiscounted cash flows associated with the asset or asset group are compared to the carrying amount to determine whether the asset’s value is recoverable. During this review, the Company reevaluates the significant assumptions used in determining the original cost and estimated lives of long‑lived assets. Although the assumptions may vary from asset to asset, they generally include operating results, changes in the use of the asset, cash flows and other indicators of value. Management then determines whether the remaining useful life continues to be appropriate or whether there has been an impairment of long‑lived assets based primarily upon whether expected future undiscounted cash flows are sufficient to support the assets’ recovery. If impairment exists, the Company would adjust the carrying value of the asset to fair value, generally determined by a discounted cash flow analysis. If the carrying value of the asset exceeds such projected undiscounted cash flows, the asset will be written down to its estimated fair value. The Company recorded an impairment of property and equipment of $0.6 million and an impairment of an operating lease asset of $0.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2020 and did not record any impairment expense during the year ended December 31, 2021. Comprehensive Loss Comprehensive loss is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non‑owner sources. Comprehensive loss consists of net loss and other comprehensive loss, which includes certain changes in equity that are excluded from net loss. The Company had a net change in available-for-sale securities for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. Stock-Based Compensation The Company issues stock-based awards to employees, generally in the form of stock options, restricted stock units and restricted stock awards. The Company accounts for stock-based awards in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation The Company estimates the fair value of the stock-based awards to employees using the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model, which requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including (a) the expected volatility of the stock, (b) the expected term of the award, (c) the risk-free interest rate and (d) expected dividends. The Company estimates expected volatility based on the historical volatility of the stock using the daily closing prices during the eq |