2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2014 |
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies Policies | |
Use of Estimates | The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions. Such estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as well as disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of sales and expense during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. |
Fair Value Measurement | ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures ("ASC 820"), provides a comprehensive framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures which are required about fair value measurements. Specifically, ASC 820 sets forth a definition of fair value and establishes a hierarchy prioritizing the inputs to valuation techniques, giving the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable value inputs. ASC 820 defines the hierarchy as follows: |
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Level 1 - Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reported date. The types of assets and liabilities included in Level 1 are highly liquid and actively traded instruments with quoted prices, such as equity securities listed on the New York Stock Exchange. |
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Level 2 - Pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets, but are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reported date. The types of assets and liabilities in Level 2 are typically either comparable to actively traded securities or contracts or priced with models using highly observable inputs. |
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Level 3 - Significant inputs to pricing that are unobservable as of the reporting date. The types of assets and liabilities included in Level 3 are those with inputs requiring significant management judgment or estimation, such as complex and subjective models and forecasts used to determine the fair value of financial transmission rights. |
Cash and Cash Equivalents | For purposes of reporting cash flows, we consider all cash and highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. There were no cash equivalents as of December 31, 2014 and 2013. |
Fair Value of Financial Instruments | Our financial instruments consist of cash, short-term trade receivables, payables and a first mortgage. The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, short-term receivables, and payables approximate their fair value due to their short term maturities. The carrying value of the first mortgage approximates its fair value based on interest rates currently obtainable. |
Concentration of Credit Risk | Financial instruments with significant credit risk include cash and accounts receivable. The amount of cash on deposit with three financial institutions exceeded the $250,000 federally insured limit at December 31, 2014 by $1,998,626. However, we believe that the financial institutions are financially sound and the risk of loss is minimal. |
We have no significant off-balance sheet concentrations of credit risk such as foreign exchange contracts, options contracts or other foreign hedging arrangements. |
Note Receivable | We made a loan of $62,500 to Tipping Point, Inc. ("TPI"), an early stage company, during the second quarter of 2011. Although the loan has been paid down by $46,000, including a repayment of $3,000 in the fourth quarter of 2014, we do not expect to realize any significant sales to TPI in the near term. We have provided a reserve against the loan for the full amount, leaving a net amount of $0, which is not included in our balance sheet at December 31, 2014. TPI was considered a related party at the time the loan was made, as certain of our board members were also TPI board members during a portion of 2011. |
Accounts Receivable | Accounts receivable are typically unsecured and are derived from transactions with and from entities primarily located in the United States or from international distributors with a proven payment history; we require pre-payment for most international orders. Accordingly, we may be exposed to credit risks generally associated with the alcohol monitoring industry. Our credit policy calls for payment in accordance with prevailing industry standards, generally 30 days with occasional exceptions of up to 60 days for large established international customers. We maintain allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. A summary of the activity in our allowance for doubtful accounts is as follows: |
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Years Ended December 31 | | 2014 | | | 2013 | |
Balance, beginning of year | | $ | 26,267 | | | $ | 40,000 | |
Provision for estimated losses | | | 49,796 | | | | - | |
Write-off of uncollectible accounts | | | (36,063 | ) | | | (13,733 | ) |
Balance, end of year | | $ | 40,000 | | | $ | 26,267 | |
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The net accounts receivable balance at December 31, 2014 of $855,452 included an account from one customer of $156,701 (18%) and no more than 12% from any one other single customer. The net accounts receivable balance at December 31, 2013 of $426,248 included an account from one customer of $152,855 (36%) and no more than 7% from any one other customer. |
Inventories | Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out basis) or market. We reduce inventory for estimated obsolete or unmarketable inventory equal to the difference between the cost of inventory and the estimated market value based upon assumptions about future demand and market conditions. If actual market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, additional inventory write-downs may be required. At December 31, 2014 and 2013, inventory consisted of the following: |
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| | 2014 | | | 2013 | |
Raw materials & deposits | | $ | 476,941 | | | $ | 283,865 | |
Work-in process | | | 132,029 | | | | 87,374 | |
Finished goods | | | 428,955 | | | | 440,458 | |
Total gross inventories | | | 1,037,925 | | | | 811,697 | |
Less reserve for obsolescence | | | (92,500 | ) | | | (75,000 | ) |
Total net inventories | | $ | 945,425 | | | $ | 736,697 | |
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A summary of the activity in our inventory reserve for obsolescence is as follows: |
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Years Ended December 31 | | 2014 | | | 2013 | |
Balance, beginning of year | | $ | 75,000 | | | $ | 45,000 | |
Provision for estimated obsolescence | | | 43,894 | | | | 61,538 | |
Write-off of obsolete inventory | | | (26,394 | ) | | | (31,538 | ) |
Balance, end of year | | $ | 92,500 | | | $ | 75,000 | |
Property and Equipment | Property and equipment are stated at cost, with depreciation computed over the estimated useful lives of the assets, generally five years; three years for software and technology licenses; 15 years for training courses; 39 years for the cost of the building we purchased in October 2014. We utilize the double-declining method of depreciation for property and equipment, and the straight-line method of depreciation for software, training courses, and the building, due to the expected usage of these assets over time. These methods are expected to continue throughout the life of the assets. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred and major additions, replacements and improvements are capitalized. Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 was $198,100 and $144,432 respectively. |
Long-Lived Assets | Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. A long-lived asset is considered impaired when estimated future cash flows related to the asset, undiscounted and without interest, are insufficient to recover the carrying amount of the asset. If deemed impaired, the long-lived asset is reduced to its estimated fair value. Long-lived assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of their carrying amount or estimated fair value less cost to sell. Impairments of $1,796 and $0 were recorded for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 respectively. |
Technology Licenses | In 2010 we entered into a technology transfer agreement with an unrelated third-party manufacturer of fuel cells, pursuant to which we acquired a perpetual-term license to technology for the manufacture of fuel cells. We made three equal lump-sum payments of $40,000 each, based on achievement of milestones related to our establishment of successful production facilities. The total, $120,000, is being amortized over three years commencing in 2011, using the straight line method, with amortization expense of $3,333 for the year 2014 and $40,000 for the year 2013. |
In 2011 we acquired a software license relating to Kiosk software technology for $25,000, which we amortized over 2 years ending in 2013, using the straight line method. Amortization expense was $0 for the year 2014 and $11,806 for the year 2013. |
Patents | The costs of applying for patents are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over the lesser of the patent's economic or legal life (20 years for utility patents in the United States, and 14 years for design patents). Amortization expense for the year ended December 31, 2014 was $3,661 and for the year ended December 31, 2013 it was $2,773. Capitalized costs are expensed if patents are not granted. We review the carrying value of our patents periodically to determine whether the patents have continuing value and such reviews could result in the conclusion that the recorded amounts have been impaired. A summary of our patents at December 31, 2014 and 2013 is as follows: |
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| | 2014 | | | 2013 | |
Patents issued | | $ | 22,775 | | | $ | 22,775 | |
Patent applications | | | 74,634 | | | | 31,632 | |
Accumulated amortization | | | (17,053 | ) | | | (13,595 | ) |
Total net patents | | $ | 80,356 | | | $ | 40,812 | |
Accrued Expenses | We have accrued various expenses in our December 31 balance sheets, as follows: |
| | 2014 | | | 2013 | |
Compensation | | $ | 157,888 | | | $ | 230,032 | |
Rebates | | | 21,280 | | | | 68,325 | |
Property and other taxes | | | 44,810 | | | | 7,844 | |
401(k) plan and health insurance | | | 8,152 | | | | 8,078 | |
Lease normalization | | | - | | | | 7,413 | |
Total accrued expenses | | $ | 232,130 | | | $ | 321,692 | |
Product Warranty Reserve | We provide for the estimated cost of product warranties at the time sales are recognized. Our warranty obligation is based upon historical experience and will be affected by product failure rates and material usage incurred in correcting a product failure. Should actual product failure rates or material usage costs differ from our estimates, revisions to the estimated warranty liability would be required. A summary of the activity in our product warranty reserve is as follows: |
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Years Ended December 31 | | 2014 | | | 2013 | |
Balance, beginning of year | | $ | 23,100 | | | $ | 23,100 | |
Provision for estimated warranty claims | | | 14,425 | | | | 19,080 | |
Claims made | | | (4,425 | ) | | | (19,080 | ) |
Balance, end of year | | $ | 33,100 | | | $ | 23,100 | |
Income Taxes | We account for income taxes under the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification Topic 740, "Accounting for Income Taxes" ("ASC 740"). ASC 740 requires recognition of deferred income tax assets and liabilities for the expected future income tax consequences, based on enacted tax laws, of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities. ASC 740 also requires recognition of deferred tax assets for the expected future tax effects of all deductible temporary differences, loss carryforwards and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets are then reduced, if deemed necessary, by a valuation allowance for the amount of any tax benefits which, more likely than not based on current circumstances, are not expected to be realized. |
ASC 740 prescribes a comprehensive model for how companies should recognize, measure, present, and disclose in their financial statements, uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return. Under ASC 740, tax positions must initially be recognized in the financial statements when it is more likely than not the position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. Such tax positions must initially and subsequently be measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the tax authority assuming full knowledge of the position and relevant facts. For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, we did not have any interest or penalties or any significant uncertain tax positions. |
Revenue Recognition | Revenue from product sales is generally recorded when we ship the product and title has passed to the customer, provided that we have evidence of a customer arrangement and can conclude that collection is probable. The prices at which we sell our products are fixed and determinable at the time we accept a customer's order. We recognize revenue from sales to stocking distributors when there is no right of return, other than for normal warranty claims, and generally have no ongoing obligations related to product sales, except for normal warranty. |
Deferred revenues arising from service and extended warranty contracts are booked as sales over their life on a straight-line basis. Supplies are recognized as sales when they are shipped. Training revenues are recognized at the time the training occurs. We have discontinued arranging for customer financing and leasing through unrelated third parties and instead are providing for customer financing and leasing ourselves which we recognize as revenue over the applicable lease term. Occasionally, we rent used equipment to customers, and in those cases, we recognize the revenues as they are earned over the life of the contract. |
Royalty income is recognized in accordance with agreed upon terms, when performance obligations are satisfied, the amount is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. |
The sales of licenses to our training courses are recognized as revenue at the time of sale. |
Rental income from space leased to our tenants is recognized in the month in which it is due. |
On occasion we receive customer deposits for future product orders. Customer deposits are initially recorded as a liability and recognized as revenue when the product is shipped and title has passed to the customer. |
Deferred Revenue | Deferred revenues arise from service contracts and from development contracts. Revenues from service contracts are recognized on a straight-line basis over the life of the contract, generally one year. However, there are occasions when they are written for longer terms up to four years. The revenues from that portion of the contract that extend beyond one year are shown in our balance sheet as long term. Deferred revenues also result from progress payments received on development contracts; those revenues are recognized when the contract is complete. All development contracts are for less than one year and all deferred revenues from this source are shown in our balance sheet as short term. |
Grants. We apply for and receive job training and other grants. In September 2014 we were notified that we had been awarded a $250,000 grant from the Colorado Office of Economic Development to accelerate development of a marijuana breathalyzer that is currently under development. Grants are recognized as reductions of expense when received. In 2014 and 2013, we received expense reimbursement grants of $45,868 and $24,981 respectively. |
Rebates | Our rebate program is available to certain of our North American workplace distributors in good standing who are responsible for sales equaling at least $30,000 in one calendar year. Distributors who meet the required sales threshold automatically earn a rebate equal to between 1 and 10 percent of that distributor's total sales of the Company's products. We accrue for these rebates monthly; they are shown in the our balance sheets as accrued expenses and are included in sales and marketing expense in our statements of income. |
Rent Expense | We recognize rent expense on a straight-line basis over the reasonably assured lease term as defined in ASC Topic 840, Leases ("ASC 840"). As a result of purchasing our building, we did not incur rent expense after October 31, 2014. |
Research and Development Expenses | We expense research and development costs for products and processes as incurred. |
Medical Device Tax | In March 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was enacted in the United States. This legislation includes a provision that imposes a 2.3% excise tax on the sale of certain medical devices by a manufacturer, producer or importer of such devices in the United States after December 31, 2012. We expense the medical device tax in General and Administrative Expense. |
Stock-Based Compensation | Stock-based compensation is presented in accordance with the guidance of ASC Topic 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation ("ASC 718"). Under the provisions of ASC 718, companies are required to estimate the fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense over the requisite service periods in our statement of income. |
ASC 718 requires companies to estimate the fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense over the requisite service periods in the accompanying statement of income. |
Stock-based compensation expense recognized during the period is based on the value of the portion of share-based payment awards that is ultimately expected to vest during the period. We used the Black-Scholes option-pricing model ("Black-Scholes model") to determine fair value. Our determination of fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model is affected by our stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. These variables include, but are not limited to our expected stock price volatility over the term of the awards, and actual and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors. Although the fair value of employee stock options is determined in accordance with ASC 718 using an option-pricing model, that value may not be indicative of the fair value observed in a willing buyer/willing seller market transaction. |
Stock-based compensation expense recognized under ASC 718 for fiscal years 2014 and 2013 was $0 and $60,196, respectively, which consisted of stock-based compensation expense related to employee stock options. Stock-based compensation expense related to employee stock options under ASC 718 for 2013 was allocated to General and Administrative Expense. |
Segment Reporting | We have concluded that we have two operating segments, including our primary business which is as a developer, manufacturer and marketer of portable hand-held breathalyzers and related accessories, supplies and education. As a result of purchasing our building on October 31, 2014, we have a second segment consisting of renting portions of our building to existing tenants, whose leases expire at various times until December 31, 2017. |
Basic and Diluted Income and Loss per Common Share | Net income or loss per share is calculated in accordance with ASC Topic 260, Earnings Per Share ("ASC 260"). Under the provisions of ASC 260, basic net income or loss per common share is computed by dividing net income or loss for the period by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net income or loss per share is computed by dividing the net income or loss for the period by the weighted average number of common and potential common shares outstanding during the period if the effect of the potential common shares is dilutive. Dilution from potential common shares outstanding at December 31, 2014 was $0.01 per share. There was no dilution from potential common shares outstanding at December 31, 2013 because the market price of our shares was less than the exercise price of the stock options outstanding. |
Recent Accounting Pronouncements | We have reviewed all recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting pronouncements. The Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09 (Revenue from Contracts with Customers), which is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. We have not yet assessed the impact, if any, of adopting this standard. |