Investments | 3. Investments The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investments were as follows as of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014: (Dollars in thousands) Amortized Cost Gross Gross Estimated Fair Value Other than As of June 30, 2015 Fixed maturities: U.S. treasury and agency obligations $ 88,489 $ 1,811 $ (44 ) $ 90,256 $ — Obligations of states and political subdivisions 230,355 3,027 (850 ) 232,532 — Mortgage-backed securities 201,267 3,193 (480 ) 203,980 — Asset-backed securities 257,401 963 (193 ) 258,171 (11 ) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 171,467 115 (614 ) 170,968 — Corporate bonds 453,473 2,838 (463 ) 455,848 — Foreign corporate bonds 138,832 660 (625 ) 138,867 — Total fixed maturities 1,541,284 12,607 (3,269 ) 1,550,622 (11 ) Common stock 103,019 20,496 (2,277 ) 121,238 — Other invested assets 28,887 2,289 — 31,176 — Total $ 1,673,190 $ 35,392 $ (5,546 ) $ 1,703,036 $ (11 ) (1) Represents the total amount of other than temporary impairment losses relating to factors other than credit losses recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”). (Dollars in thousands) Amortized Cost Gross Gross Estimated Fair Value Other than As of December 31, 2014 Fixed maturities: U.S. treasury and agency obligations $ 78,569 $ 2,281 $ (83 ) $ 80,767 $ — Obligations of states and political subdivisions 188,452 3,718 (697 ) 191,473 — Mortgage-backed securities 205,814 3,709 (764 ) 208,759 (4 ) Asset-backed securities 177,853 713 (303 ) 178,263 (13 ) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 133,984 21 (847 ) 133,158 — Corporate bonds 380,704 3,421 (709 ) 383,416 — Foreign corporate bonds 107,572 625 (558 ) 107,639 — Total fixed maturities 1,272,948 14,488 (3,961 ) 1,283,475 (17 ) Common stock 99,297 25,689 (2,938 ) 122,048 — Other invested assets 33,174 489 — 33,663 — Total $ 1,405,419 $ 40,666 $ (6,899 ) $ 1,439,186 $ (17 ) (2) Represents the total amount of other than temporary impairment losses relating to factors other than credit losses recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”). Excluding U.S. treasuries and agency bonds, the Company did not hold any debt or equity investments in a single issuer that was in excess of 4% of shareholders’ equity at June 30, 2015 or December 31, 2014. The amortized cost and estimated fair value of the Company’s fixed maturities portfolio classified as available for sale at June 30, 2015, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. (Dollars in thousands) Amortized Cost Estimated Due in one year or less $ 112,314 $ 113,541 Due in one year through five years 704,693 708,465 Due in five years through ten years 67,546 68,320 Due in ten years through fifteen years 8,818 9,246 Due after fifteen years 17,778 17,931 Mortgage-backed securities 201,267 203,980 Asset-backed securities 257,401 258,171 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 171,467 170,968 Total $ 1,541,284 $ 1,550,622 The following table contains an analysis of the Company’s securities with gross unrealized losses, categorized by the period that the securities were in a continuous loss position as of June 30, 2015: Less than 12 months 12 months or longer (1) Total (Dollars in thousands) Fair Value Gross Fair Value Gross Fair Value Gross Fixed maturities: U.S. treasury and agency obligations $ 504 $ — $ 3,376 $ (44 ) $ 3,880 $ (44 ) Obligations of states and political subdivisions 41,091 (716 ) 10,266 (134 ) 51,357 (850 ) Mortgage-backed securities 62,327 (357 ) 11,650 (123 ) 73,977 (480 ) Asset-backed securities 62,664 (193 ) — — 62,664 (193 ) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 96,171 (448 ) 14,862 (166 ) 111,033 (614 ) Corporate bonds 130,759 (446 ) 2,978 (17 ) 133,737 (463 ) Foreign corporate bonds 62,754 (625 ) — — 62,754 (625 ) Total fixed maturities 456,270 (2,785 ) 43,132 (484 ) 499,402 (3,269 ) Common stock 32,507 (2,277 ) — — 32,507 (2,277 ) Total $ 488,777 $ (5,062 ) $ 43,132 $ (484 ) $ 531,909 $ (5,546 ) (1) Fixed maturities in a gross unrealized loss position for twelve months or longer are primarily comprised of non-credit losses on investment grade securities where management does not intend to sell, and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be forced to sell the security before recovery. The Company has analyzed these securities and has determined that they are not other than temporarily impaired. The following table contains an analysis of the Company’s securities with gross unrealized losses, categorized by the period that the securities were in a continuous loss position as of December 31, 2014: Less than 12 months 12 months or longer (2) Total (Dollars in thousands) Fair Value Gross Fair Value Gross Fair Value Gross Fixed maturities: U.S. treasury and agency obligations $ 11,728 $ (9 ) $ 3,343 $ (74 ) $ 15,071 $ (83 ) Obligations of states and political subdivisions 28,684 (314 ) 28,061 (383 ) 56,745 (697 ) Mortgage-backed securities 2,818 (7 ) 51,203 (757 ) 54,021 (764 ) Asset-backed securities 92,123 (283 ) 1,683 (20 ) 93,806 (303 ) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 92,664 (525 ) 26,280 (322 ) 118,944 (847 ) Corporate bonds 144,505 (656 ) 3,216 (53 ) 147,721 (709 ) Foreign corporate bonds 60,518 (558 ) — — 60,518 (558 ) Total fixed maturities 433,040 (2,352 ) 113,786 (1,609 ) 546,826 (3,961 ) Common stock 20,002 (2,808 ) 1,577 (130 ) 21,579 (2,938 ) Total $ 453,042 $ (5,160 ) $ 115,363 $ (1,739 ) $ 568,405 $ (6,899 ) (2) Fixed maturities in a gross unrealized loss position for twelve months or longer are primarily comprised of non-credit losses on investment grade securities where management does not intend to sell, and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be forced to sell the security before recovery. The Company has analyzed these securities and has determined that they are not other than temporarily impaired. The Company regularly performs various analytical valuation procedures with respect to its investments, including reviewing each fixed maturity security in an unrealized loss position to assess whether the security is a candidate for credit loss. Specifically, the Company considers credit rating, market price, and issuer specific financial information, among other factors, to assess the likelihood of collection of all principal and interest as contractually due. Securities for which the Company determines that a credit loss is likely are subjected to further analysis through discounted cash flow testing to estimate the credit loss to be recognized in earnings, if any. The specific methodologies and significant assumptions used by asset class are discussed below. Upon identification of such securities and periodically thereafter, a detailed review is performed to determine whether the decline is considered other than temporary. This review includes an analysis of several factors, including but not limited to, the credit ratings and cash flows of the securities and the magnitude and length of time that the fair value of such securities is below cost. For fixed maturities, the factors considered in reaching the conclusion that a decline below cost is other than temporary include, among others, whether: (1) the issuer is in financial distress; (2) the investment is secured; (3) a significant credit rating action occurred; (4) scheduled interest payments were delayed or missed; (5) changes in laws or regulations have affected an issuer or industry; (6) the investment has an unrealized loss and was identified by the Company’s investment manager as an investment to be sold before recovery or maturity; and (7) the investment failed cash flow projection testing to determine if anticipated principal and interest payments will be realized. According to accounting guidance for debt securities in an unrealized loss position, the Company is required to assess whether it has the intent to sell the debt security or more likely than not will be required to sell the debt security before the anticipated recovery. If either of these conditions is met, the Company must recognize an other than temporary impairment with the entire unrealized loss being recorded through earnings. For debt securities in an unrealized loss position not meeting these conditions, the Company assesses whether the impairment of a security is other than temporary. If the impairment is deemed to be other than temporary, the Company must separate the other than temporary impairment into two components: the amount representing the credit loss and the amount related to all other factors, such as changes in interest rates. The credit loss represents the portion of the amortized book value in excess of the net present value of the projected future cash flows discounted at the effective interest rate implicit in the debt security prior to impairment. The credit loss component of the other than temporary impairment is recorded through earnings, whereas the amount relating to factors other than credit losses is recorded in other comprehensive income, net of taxes. For equity securities, management carefully reviews all securities with unrealized losses to determine if a security should be impaired and further focuses on securities that have either: (1) persisted with unrealized losses for more than twelve consecutive months or (2) the value of the investment has been 20% or more below cost for six continuous months or more. The amount of any write-down, including those that are deemed to be other than temporary, is included in earnings as a realized loss in the period in which the impairment arose. The following is a description, by asset type, of the methodology and significant inputs that the Company used to measure the amount of credit loss recognized in earnings, if any: U.S. treasury and agency obligations Obligations of states and political subdivisions Mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) – Asset-backed securities (“ABS”) – Commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”) – Corporate bonds – Foreign bonds Common stock The Company recorded the following other than temporary impairments (“OTTI”) on its investment portfolio for the quarters and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014: Quarters Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, (Dollars in thousands) 2015 2014 2015 2014 Fixed maturities: OTTI losses, gross $ (13 ) $ — $ (23 ) $ (25 ) Portion of loss recognized in other comprehensive income (pre-tax) — — — — Net impairment losses on fixed maturities recognized in earnings (13 ) — (23 ) (25 ) Equity securities (1,885 ) (37 ) (2,215 ) (37 ) Total $ (1,898 ) $ (37 ) $ (2,238 ) $ (62 ) The following table is an analysis of the credit losses recognized in earnings on fixed maturities held by the Company for the quarters and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 for which a portion of the OTTI loss was recognized in other comprehensive income. Quarters Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, (Dollars in thousands) 2015 2014 2015 2014 Balance at beginning of period $ 50 $ 54 $ 50 $ 54 Additions where no OTTI was previously recorded — — — — Additions where an OTTI was previously recorded — — — — Reductions for securities for which the company intends to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell before recovery — — — — Reductions reflecting increases in expected cash flows to be collected — — — — Reductions for securities sold during the period (19 ) (4 ) (19 ) (4 ) Balance at end of period $ 31 $ 50 $ 31 $ 50 Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Net of Tax Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax, as of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 was as follows: (Dollars in thousands) June 30, December 31, Net unrealized gains from: Fixed maturities $ 9,338 $ 10,527 Common stock 18,219 22,751 Other 935 369 Deferred taxes (8,390 ) (10,263 ) Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax $ 20,102 $ 23,384 The following tables present the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax, by component for the quarters and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014: Quarter Ended June 30, 2015 (Dollars in thousands) Unrealized Gains Foreign Currency Accumulated Other Beginning balance $ 28,206 $ (501) $ 27,705 Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification (6,845 ) 159 (6,686 ) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (1,160 ) 243 (917 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) (8,005 ) 402 (7,603 ) Ending balance $ 20,201 $ (99 ) $ 20,102 Quarter Ended June 30, 2014 (Dollars in thousands) Unrealized Gains Foreign Currency Accumulated Other Beginning balance $ 51,958 $ 94 $ 52,052 Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification 11,664 41 11,705 Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (29,694 ) (62 ) (29,756 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) (18,030 ) (21 ) (18,051 ) Ending balance $ 33,928 $ 73 $ 34,001 Six Months Ended June 30, 2015 (Dollars in thousands) Unrealized Gains Foreign Currency Accumulated Other Beginning balance $ 23,647 $ (263 ) $ 23,384 Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification (404 ) (162 ) (566 ) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (3,042 ) 326 (2,716 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) (3,446 ) 164 (3,282 ) Ending balance $ 20,201 $ (99 ) $ 20,102 Six Months Ended June 30, 2014 (Dollars in thousands) Unrealized Gains Foreign Currency Accumulated Other Beginning balance $ 53,950 $ 78 $ 54,028 Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification 13,691 70 13,761 Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (33,713 ) (75 ) (33,788 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) (20,022 ) (5 ) (20,027 ) Ending balance $ 33,928 $ 73 $ 34,001 The reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income for the quarters and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 were as follows: Amounts Reclassified from Quarters Ended June 30, (Dollars in thousands) Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Affected Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations 2015 2014 Unrealized gains and losses on available for sale securities Other net realized investment gains $ (3,745 ) $ (45,840 ) Other than temporary impairment losses on investments 1,897 37 Total before tax (1,848 ) (45,803 ) Income tax expense (benefit) 688 16,109 Net of tax $ (1,160 ) $ (29,694 ) Foreign Currency Items Other net realized investment (gains) losses $ 373 $ (96 ) Income tax expense (benefit) (130 ) 34 Net of tax $ 243 $ (62 ) Total reclassifications Net of tax $ (917 ) $ (29,756 ) Amounts Reclassified from Six Months Ended June 30, (Dollars in thousands) Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Affected Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations 2015 2014 Unrealized gains and losses on available for sale securities Other net realized investment gains $ (7,126 ) $ (51,374 ) Other than temporary impairment losses on investments 2,238 62 Total before tax (4,888 ) (51,312 ) Income tax expense (benefit) 1,846 17,599 Net of tax $ (3,042 ) $ (33,713 ) Foreign Currency Items Other net realized investment (gains) losses $ 501 $ (116 ) Income tax expense (benefit) (175 ) 41 Net of tax $ 326 $ (75 ) Total reclassifications Net of tax $ (2,716 ) $ (33,788 ) Net Realized Investment Gains The components of net realized investment gains for the quarters and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 were as follows: Quarters Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, (Dollars in thousands) 2015 2014 2015 2014 Fixed maturities: Gross realized gains $ 746 $ 719 $ 1,479 $ 2,389 Gross realized losses (110 ) (96 ) (241 ) (226 ) Net realized gains 636 623 1,238 2,163 Common stock: Gross realized gains 3,371 45,868 5,923 49,875 Gross realized losses (2,532 ) (592 ) (2,870 ) (610 ) Net realized gains 839 45,276 3,053 49,265 Preferred stock: Gross realized gains — — 96 — Gross realized losses — — — — Net realized gains — — 96 — Derivatives: Gross realized gains 6,353 — 1,873 — Gross realized losses (1,296 ) (6,018 ) (2,698 ) (12,360 ) Net realized gains (losses) 5,057 (6,018 ) (825 ) (12,360 ) Total net realized investment gains $ 6,532 $ 39,881 $ 3,562 $ 39,068 The proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities resulting in net realized investment gains for the six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 were as follows: Six Months Ended (Dollars in thousands) 2015 2014 Fixed maturities $ 211,542 $ 219,195 Equity securities 22,327 35,837 Preferred stock 1,540 — Net Investment Income The sources of net investment income for the quarters and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 were as follows: Quarters Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, (Dollars in thousands) 2015 2014 2015 2014 Fixed maturities $ 8,022 $ 6,797 $ 16,036 $ 14,052 Equity securities 924 1,941 1,716 4,081 Cash and cash equivalents 9 10 27 28 Other invested assets 1,089 87 1,342 87 Total investment income 10,044 8,835 19,121 18,248 Investment expense (903 ) (1,158 ) (1,739 ) (2,287 ) Net investment income $ 9,141 $ 7,677 $ 17,382 $ 15,961 The Company’s total investment return on a pre-tax basis for the quarters and six months ended June 30, 2015 and 2014 were as follows: Quarters Ended June 30, Six Months Ended June 30, (Dollars in thousands) 2015 2014 2015 2014 Net investment income $ 9,141 $ 7,677 $ 17,382 $ 15,961 Net realized investment gains 6,532 39,881 3,562 39,068 Change in unrealized investment losses (9,752 ) (29,203 ) (5,155 ) (31,774 ) Net realized and unrealized investment returns (3,220 ) 10,678 (1,593 ) 7,294 Total investment return $ 5,921 $ 18,355 $ 15,789 $ 23,255 Total investment return % (1) 0.3 % 1.2 % 0.9 % 1.5 % Average investment portfolio (2) $ 1,776,326 $ 1,577,630 $ 1,758,103 $ 1,585,304 (1) Not annualized. (2) Average of total cash and invested assets, net of receivable/payable for securities purchased and sold, as of the beginning and end of the period. Insurance Enhanced Asset Backed and Credit Securities As of June 30, 2015, the Company held insurance enhanced asset backed and credit securities with a market value of approximately $41.1 million. Approximately $17.5 million of these securities were tax free municipal bonds, which represented approximately 1.0% of the Company’s total cash and invested assets, net of payable/receivable for securities purchased and sold. These securities had an average rating of “A+.” Approximately $6.5 million of these bonds are pre-refunded with U.S. treasury securities, of which $0.1 million are backed by financial guarantors, meaning that funds have been set aside in escrow to satisfy the future interest and principal obligations of the bond. Of the remaining $11.0 million of insurance enhanced municipal bonds, $0.5 million would have carried a lower credit rating had they not been insured. The following table provides a breakdown of the ratings for these municipal bonds with and without insurance. (Dollars in thousands) Ratings with Ratings without Rating Insurance Insurance AA $ 515 $ — BB — 515 Total $ 515 $ 515 A summary of the Company’s insurance enhanced municipal bonds that are backed by financial guarantors, including the pre-refunded bonds that are escrowed in U.S. government obligations, as of June 30, 2015, is as follows: (Dollars in thousands) Financial Guarantor Total Pre-refunded Government Exposure Net of Pre-refunded Securities Ambac Financial Group $ 1,688 $ 138 $ — $ 1,550 Assured Guaranty Corporation 3,692 — — 3,692 Municipal Bond Insurance Association 5,159 — — 5,159 Gov’t National Housing Association 552 — 552 — Total backed by financial guarantors 11,091 138 552 10,401 Other credit enhanced municipal bonds 6,363 6,363 — — Total $ 17,454 $ 6,501 $ 552 $ 10,401 In addition to the tax-free municipal bonds, the Company held $23.6 million of asset-backed and taxable municipal bonds, which represented approximately 1.3% of the Company’s total invested assets, net of receivable/payable for securities purchased and sold. The financial guarantors of the Company’s $23.6 million of insurance enhanced asset-backed and taxable municipal securities include Municipal Bond Insurance Association ($8.8 million), Ambac Financial Group ($1.5 million), Assured Guaranty Corporation ($11.0 million), Financial Guaranty Insurance Group ($0.3 million) and Build America Mutual ($2.0 million). The Company had no direct investments in the entities that have provided financial guarantees or other credit support to any security held by the Company at June 30, 2015. Bonds Held on Deposit Certain cash balances, cash equivalents, equity securities and bonds available for sale were deposited with various governmental authorities in accordance with statutory requirements, were held as collateral pursuant to borrowing arrangements, or were held in trust pursuant to intercompany reinsurance agreements. The fair values were as follows as of June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014: Estimated Fair Value (Dollars in thousands) June 30, December 31, On deposit with governmental authorities $ 39,965 $ 32,790 Intercompany trusts held for the benefit of U.S. policyholders 548,038 495,301 Held in trust pursuant to third party requirements 93,053 95,828 Letter of credit held for third party requirements 6,112 9,340 Securities held as collateral for borrowing arrangements (1) 238,283 222,809 Total $ 925,451 $ 856,068 (1) Amount required to collateralize margin borrowing facilities. |