Investments | 4. Investments The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investments were as follows as of December 31, 2015 and 2014: (Dollars in thousands) Amortized Cost Gross Gross Estimated Other than As of December 31, 2015 Fixed maturities: U.S. treasury and agency obligations $ 106,303 $ 1,140 $ (321 ) $ 107,122 $ — Obligations of states and political subdivisions 203,121 2,576 (457 ) 205,240 — Mortgage-backed securities 157,753 2,113 (743 ) 159,123 — Asset-backed securities 261,008 435 (1,421 ) 260,022 (9 ) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 142,742 — (2,352 ) 140,390 — Corporate bonds 334,720 685 (3,294 ) 332,111 — Foreign corporate bonds 102,686 194 (739 ) 102,141 — Total fixed maturities 1,308,333 7,143 (9,327 ) 1,306,149 (9 ) Common stock 100,157 16,118 (5,960 ) 110,315 — Other invested assets 32,592 — — 32,592 — Total $ 1,441,082 $ 23,261 $ (15,287 ) $ 1,449,056 $ (9 ) (1) Represents the total amount of other than temporary impairment losses relating to factors other than credit losses recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”). (Dollars in thousands) Amortized Cost Gross Gross Estimated Other than As of December 31, 2014 Fixed maturities: U.S. treasury and agency obligations $ 78,569 $ 2,281 $ (83 ) $ 80,767 $ — Obligations of states and political subdivisions 188,452 3,718 (697 ) 191,473 — Mortgage-backed securities 205,814 3,709 (764 ) 208,759 (4 ) Asset-backed securities 177,853 713 (303 ) 178,263 (13 ) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 133,984 21 (847 ) 133,158 — Corporate bonds 380,704 3,421 (709 ) 383,416 — Foreign corporate bonds 107,572 625 (558 ) 107,639 — Total fixed maturities 1,272,948 14,488 (3,961 ) 1,283,475 (17 ) Common stock 99,297 25,689 (2,938 ) 122,048 — Other invested assets 33,174 489 — 33,663 — Total $ 1,405,419 $ 40,666 $ (6,899 ) $ 1,439,186 $ (17 ) (1) Represents the total amount of other than temporary impairment losses relating to factors other than credit losses recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”). Excluding U.S. treasuries and agency bonds, the Company did not hold any debt or equity investments in a single issuer that was in excess of 5% and 4% of shareholders’ equity at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The amortized cost and estimated fair value of the Company’s fixed maturities portfolio classified as available for sale at December 31, 2015, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. (Dollars in thousands) Amortized Cost Estimated Due in one year or less $ 107,010 $ 107,582 Due in one year through five years 595,977 594,859 Due in five years through ten years 38,048 38,016 Due in ten years through fifteen years 1,738 2,137 Due after fifteen years 4,057 4,020 Mortgage-backed securities 157,753 159,123 Asset-backed securities 261,008 260,022 Commercial mortgage-backed securities 142,742 140,390 Total $ 1,308,333 $ 1,306,149 The following table contains an analysis of the Company’s securities with gross unrealized losses, categorized by the period that the securities were in a continuous loss position as of December 31, 2015: Less than 12 months 12 months or longer (1) Total (Dollars in thousands) Fair Value Gross Fair Value Gross Fair Value Gross Fixed maturities: U.S. treasury and agency obligations $ 79,496 $ (321 ) $ — $ — $ 79,496 $ (321 ) Obligations of states and political subdivisions 49,708 (373 ) 7,732 (84 ) 57,440 (457 ) Mortgage-backed securities 63,759 (743 ) — — 63,759 (743 ) Asset-backed securities 203,381 (1,404 ) 4,843 (17 ) 208,224 (1,421 ) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 118,813 (2,005 ) 21,577 (347 ) 140,390 (2,352 ) Corporate bonds 211,364 (3,269 ) 2,120 (25 ) 213,484 (3,294 ) Foreign corporate bonds 63,860 (697 ) 5,129 (42 ) 68,989 (739 ) Total fixed maturities 790,381 (8,812 ) 41,401 (515 ) 831,782 (9,327 ) Common stock 36,798 (5,960 ) — — 36,798 (5,960 ) Total $ 827,179 $ (14,772 ) $ 41,401 $ (515 ) $ 868,580 $ (15,287 ) (1) Fixed maturities in a gross unrealized loss position for twelve months or longer are primarily comprised of non-credit losses on investment grade securities where management does not intend to sell, and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be forced to sell the security before recovery. The Company has analyzed these securities and has determined that they are not other than temporarily impaired. The following table contains an analysis of the Company’s securities with gross unrealized losses, categorized by the period that the securities were in a continuous loss position as of December 31, 2014: Less than 12 months 12 months or longer (1) Total (Dollars in thousands) Fair Value Gross Fair Value Gross Fair Value Gross Fixed maturities: U.S. treasury and agency obligations $ 11,728 $ (9 ) $ 3,343 $ (74 ) $ 15,071 $ (83 ) Obligations of states and political subdivisions 28,684 (314 ) 28,061 (383 ) 56,745 (697 ) Mortgage-backed securities 2,818 (7 ) 51,203 (757 ) 54,021 (764 ) Asset-backed securities 92,123 (283 ) 1,683 (20 ) 93,806 (303 ) Commercial mortgage-backed securities 92,664 (525 ) 26,280 (322 ) 118,944 (847 ) Corporate bonds 144,505 (656 ) 3,216 (53 ) 147,721 (709 ) Foreign corporate bonds 60,518 (558 ) — — 60,518 (558 ) Total fixed maturities 433,040 (2,352 ) 113,786 (1,609 ) 546,826 (3,961 ) Common stock 20,002 (2,808 ) 1,577 (130 ) 21,579 (2,938 ) Total $ 453,042 $ (5,160 ) $ 115,363 $ (1,739 ) $ 568,405 $ (6,899 ) (1) Fixed maturities in a gross unrealized loss position for twelve months or longer are primarily comprised of non-credit losses on investment grade securities where management does not intend to sell, and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be forced to sell the security before recovery. The Company has analyzed these securities and has determined that they are not other than temporarily impaired. Subject to the risks and uncertainties in evaluating the potential impairment of a security’s value, the impairment evaluation conducted by the Company as of December 31, 2015 concluded the unrealized losses discussed above are not other than temporary impairments. The impairment evaluation process is discussed in the “Investment” section of Note 2 (“Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”). The following is a description, by asset type, of the methodology and significant inputs that the Company used to measure the amount of credit loss recognized in earnings, if any: U.S. treasury and agency obligations Obligations of states and political subdivisions Mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”)— Asset backed securities (“ABS”)— Commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”)— Corporate bonds— Foreign bonds Common stock The Company recorded the following other than temporary impairments (“OTTI”) on its investment portfolio for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013: Years Ended December 31, (Dollars in thousands) 2015 2014 2013 Fixed maturities: OTTI losses, gross $ (24 ) $ (31 ) $ (280 ) Portion of loss recognized in other comprehensive income (pre-tax) — — — Net impairment losses on fixed maturities recognized in earnings (24 ) (31 ) (280 ) Equity securities (7,311 ) (470 ) (959 ) Total $ (7,335 ) $ (501 ) $ (1,239 ) The following table is an analysis of the credit losses recognized in earnings on fixed maturities held by the Company as of December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013 for which a portion of the OTTI loss was recognized in other comprehensive income. Years Ended December 31, (Dollars in thousands) 2015 2014 2013 Balance at beginning of period $ 50 $ 54 $ 86 Additions where no OTTI was previously recorded — — — Additions where an OTTI was previously recorded — — — Reductions for securities for which the company intends to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell before recovery — — — Reductions reflecting increases in expected cash flows to be collected — — — Reductions for securities sold during the period (19 ) (4 ) (32 ) Balance at end of period $ 31 $ 50 $ 54 Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Net of Tax Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax, as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 was as follows: (Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2015 2014 Net unrealized gains (losses) from: Fixed maturities $ (2,184 ) $ 10,527 Common stock 10,158 22,751 Other — 369 Deferred taxes (3,896 ) (10,263 ) Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax $ 4,078 $ 23,384 The following tables present the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax, by component for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014: Year Ended December 31, 2015 (Dollars in thousands) Unrealized Gains Foreign Currency Accumulated Other Beginning balance $ 23,647 $ (263 ) $ 23,384 Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification (17,065 ) (256 ) (17,321 ) Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (2,382 ) 397 (1,985 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) (19,447 ) 141 (19,306 ) Ending balance $ 4,200 $ (122 ) $ 4,078 Year Ended December 31, 2014 (Dollars in thousands) Unrealized Gains Foreign Currency Accumulated Other Beginning balance $ 53,950 $ 78 $ 54,028 Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification 6,820 (287 ) 6,533 Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (37,123 ) (54 ) (37,177 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) (30,303 ) (341 ) (30,644 ) Ending balance $ 23,647 $ (263 ) $ 23,384 The reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 were as follows: Amounts Reclassified from Years Ended December 31, Dollars in thousands) Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Components Affected Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations 2015 2014 Unrealized gains and losses on available for sale securities Other net realized investment (gains) $ (11,559 ) $ (57,114 ) Other than temporary impairment losses on investments 7,335 501 Total before tax (4,224 ) (56,613 ) Income tax expense 1,842 19,490 Unrealized gains and losses on available for sale securities, net of tax $ (2,382 ) $ (37,123 ) Foreign currency items Other net realized investment (gains) losses $ 610 $ (83 ) Income tax expense (benefit) (213 ) 29 Foreign currency items, net of tax $ 397 $ (54 ) Total reclassifications Total reclassifications, net of tax $ (1,985 ) $ (37,177 ) Net Realized Investment Gains (Losses) The components of net realized investment gains (losses) for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013 were as follows: Years Ended December 31, (Dollars in thousands) 2015 2014 2013 Fixed maturities: Gross realized gains $ 3,565 $ 2,843 $ 1,857 Gross realized losses (2,180 ) (703 ) (691 ) Net realized gains 1,385 2,140 1,166 Common stock: Gross realized gains 10,379 55,907 27,302 Gross realized losses (8,246 ) (1,351 ) (2,483 ) Net realized gains 2,133 54,556 24,819 Preferred stock: Gross realized gains 96 0 0 Gross realized losses — 0 0 Net realized gains 96 0 0 Derivatives: Gross realized gains — — 1,668 Gross realized losses (6,988 ) (20,836 ) (241 ) Net realized gains (losses) (6,988 ) (20,836 ) 1,427 Total net realized investment gains (losses) $ (3,374 ) $ 35,860 $ 27,412 The proceeds from sales of available for sale securities resulting in net realized investment gains (losses) for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013 were as follows: Years Ended December 31, (Dollars in thousands) 2015 2014 2013 Fixed maturities $ 647,404 $ 415,739 $ 292,200 Equity securities 39,723 191,765 101,379 Preferred stock 1,540 — — Net Investment Income The sources of net investment income for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013 were as follows: Years Ended December 31, (Dollars in thousands) 2015 2014 2013 Fixed maturities $ 32,091 $ 26,788 $ 35,669 Equity securities 3,125 5,484 5,452 Cash and cash equivalents 82 61 126 Other invested assets 2,620 87 141 Total investment income 37,918 32,420 41,388 Investment expense (3,309 ) (3,599 ) (4,179 ) Net investment income $ 34,609 $ 28,821 $ 37,209 The Company’s total investment return on a pre-tax basis for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013 were as follows: Years Ended December 31, (Dollars in thousands) 2015 2014 2013 Net investment income $ 34,609 $ 28,821 $ 37,209 Net realized investment gains(losses) (3,374 ) 35,860 27,412 Change in unrealized holding gains and losses (25,673 ) (45,861 ) 7,301 Net realized and unrealized investment returns (29,047 ) (10,001 ) 34,713 Total investment return $ 5,562 $ 18,820 $ 71,922 Total investment return % 0.3 % 1.2 % 4.6 % Average investment portfolio $ 1,752,785 $ 1,533,104 $ 1,549,747 Insurance Enhanced Asset-Backed and Credit Securities As of December 31, 2015, the Company held insurance enhanced asset-backed and credit securities with a market value of approximately $39.3 million. Approximately $18.6 million of these securities were tax-free municipal bonds, which represented approximately 1.2% of the Company’s total cash and invested assets, net of payable/ receivable for securities purchased and sold. These securities had an average rating of “A+.” Approximately $8.5 million of these bonds are pre-refunded with U.S. treasury securities, of which $0.5 million are backed by financial guarantors, meaning that funds have been set aside in escrow to satisfy the future interest and principal obligations of the bond. Of the remaining $10.1 million of insurance enhanced municipal bonds, $0.5 million would have carried a lower credit rating had they not been insured. The following table provides a breakdown of the ratings for these municipal bonds with and without insurance. (Dollars in thousands) Rating Ratings with Insurance Ratings without Insurance AA $ 507 $ — BB — 507 Total $ 507 $ 507 A summary of the Company’s insurance enhanced municipal bonds that are backed by financial guarantors, including the pre-refunded bonds that are escrowed in U.S. government obligations, as of December 31, 2015, is as follows: (Dollars in thousands) Financial Guarantor Total Pre-refunded Government Exposure Net of Pre-refunded Securities Ambac Financial Group $ 1,541 $ 469 $ — $ 1,072 Assured Guaranty Corporation 3,616 — — 3,616 Municipal Bond Insurance Association 4,865 — — 4,865 Gov’t National Housing Association 551 — 551 — Total backed by financial guarantors 10,573 469 551 9,553 Other credit enhanced municipal bonds 7,982 7,982 — — Total $ 18,555 $ 8,451 $ 551 $ 9,553 In addition to the tax-free municipal bonds, the Company held $20.7 million of insurance enhanced asset-backed and taxable municipal bonds, which represented approximately 1.4% of the Company’s total invested assets, net of receivable/payable for securities purchased and sold. The financial guarantors of the Company’s $20.7 million of insurance enhanced asset-backed and taxable municipal securities include Municipal Bond Insurance Association ($5.0 million), Ambac Financial Group ($1.3 million), Assured Guaranty Corporation ($14.2 million), and Financial Guaranty Insurance Group ($0.2 million). The Company had no direct investments in the entities that have provided financial guarantees or other credit support to any security held by the Company at December 31, 2015. Bonds Held on Deposit Certain cash balances, cash equivalents, equity securities, and bonds available for sale were deposited with various governmental authorities in accordance with statutory requirements, were held as collateral pursuant to borrowing arrangements, or were held in trust pursuant to intercompany reinsurance agreements. The fair values were as follows as of December 31, 2015 and 2014: Estimated Fair Value (Dollars in thousands) December 31, December 31, On deposit with governmental authorities $ 38,815 $ 32,790 Intercompany trusts held for the benefit of U.S. policyholders 643,216 495,301 Held in trust pursuant to third party requirements 66,544 95,828 Letter of credit held for third party requirements 5,598 9,340 Securities held as collateral for borrowing arrangements (1) 95,647 222,809 Total $ 849,820 $ 856,068 (1) Amount required to collateralize margin borrowing facilities. |