Risk [Text Block] | Investment in the Trust involves special risk considerations, which are summarized below. The Trust is designed as a long-term investment and not as a trading vehicle. The Trust is not intended to be a complete investment program. The Trust’s performance and the value of its investments will vary in response to changes in interest rates, inflation and other market and economic factors, among others. The fact that a particular risk below is not specifically identified as being heightened under current conditions does not mean that the risk is not greater than under normal conditions. Not a Complete Investment Program An investment in the Common Shares should not be considered a complete investment program. The Trust is intended for long-term investors seeking current income and capital appreciation. An investment in the Trust is not meant to provide a vehicle for those who wish to play short-term swings in the market. Each Common Shareholder should take into account the Trust’s investment objectives as well as the Common Shareholder’s other investments when considering an investment in the Trust. Before making an investment decision, a prospective investor should consider (i) the suitability of this investment with respect to his or her investment objectives and personal situation and (ii) factors such as his or her personal net worth, income, age, risk tolerance and liquidity needs. Investment and Market Risk An investment in the Common Shares is subject to investment risk, including the possible loss of the entire principal amount that you invest. During periods of adverse economic, financial, geopolitical, labor and public health conditions, the risks associated with an investment in Common Shares may be heightened. An investment in the Common Shares represents an indirect investment in the securities owned by the Trust. The value of, or income generated by, the investments held by the Trust are subject to the possibility of rapid and unpredictable fluctuation, and loss. These fluctuations may occur frequently and in large amounts. These movements may result from factors affecting individual companies, or from broader influences, including real or perceived changes in prevailing interest rates, changes in inflation rates or expectations about inflation rates, adverse investor confidence or sentiment, changing economic, political (including geopolitical), social or financial market conditions, tariffs and trade disruptions, recession, changes in currency rates, increased instability or general uncertainty, natural/environmental disasters, cyber attacks, terrorism, governmental or quasi-governmental actions, public health emergencies (such as the spread of infectious diseases, pandemics and epidemics) debt crises, actual or threatened wars or other armed conflicts (such as the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict and its risk of expansion or collateral economic and other effects) or ratings downgrades, and other similar events, each of which may be temporary or last for extended periods. For example, the risks of a borrower’s default or bankruptcy or non¬payment of scheduled interest or principal payments from senior floating rate interests held by the Trust are especially acute under these conditions. Furthermore, interest rates may change and bond yields may fall as a result of types of events, including responses by governmental entities to such events, which would magnify the Trust’s fixed-income instruments’ susceptibility to interest rate risk and diminish their yield and performance. Moreover, the Trust’s investments in ABS are subject to many of the same risks that are applicable to investments in securities generally, including interest rate risk, credit risk, foreign currency risk, below investment grade securities risk, leverage risk, prepayment and extension risks and regulatory risk, which would be elevated under the foregoing circumstances. Moreover, changing economic, political, social, geopolitical or financial market or other conditions in one country or geographic region could adversely affect the value, yield and return of the investments held by the Trust in a different country or geographic region and economies, markets and issuers generally because of the increasingly interconnected global economies and financial markets. As a result, there is an increased risk that geopolitical and other events will disrupt economies and markets globally. For example, local or regional armed conflicts (notably the Russia-Ukraine conflict) have led to significant sanctions by the United States, Europe and other countries against certain countries (as well as persons and companies connected with certain counties) and led to indirect adverse regional and global market, economic and other effects. It is difficult to accurately predict or foresee when events or conditions affecting the U.S. or global financial markets, economies, and issuers may occur, the effects of such events or conditions, potential escalations or expansions of these events, possible retaliations in response to sanctions or similar actions and the duration or ultimate impact of those events. There is an increased likelihood that these types of events or conditions can, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably, result in a variety of adverse developments and circumstances, such as reduced liquidity, supply chain disruptions and market volatility, as well as increased general uncertainty and broad ramifications for markets, economies, issuers, businesses in many sectors and societies globally. In addition, adverse changes in one sector or industry or with respect to a particular company could negatively impact companies in other sectors or industries or increase market volatility as a result of the interconnected nature of economies and markets and thus negatively affect the Trust’s performance. For example, developments in the banking or financial services sectors (one or more companies operating in these sectors) could adversely impact a wide range of companies and issuers. These types of adverse developments could negatively affect the Trust’s performance or operations. Different sectors, industries and security types may react differently to such developments and, when the market performs well, there is no assurance that the Trust’s investments will increase in value along with the broader markets. Periods of market stress and volatility of financial markets, including potentially extreme stress and volatility caused by the events described above or similar circumstances, can expose the Trust to greater market risk than normal, possibly resulting in greatly reduced liquidity and increased valuation risks, for certain asset classes, longer than usual trade settlement periods. The fewer the number of issuers in which the Trust invests and/or the greater the use of leverage, the greater the potential volatility in the Trust’s portfolio. GPIM potentially could be prevented from considering, managing and executing investment decisions at an advantageous time or price or at all as a result of any domestic or global market or other disruptions, particularly disruptions causing heightened market volatility and reduced market liquidity, which have also resulted in impediments to the normal functioning of workforces, including personnel and systems of the Trust’s service providers and market intermediaries. The Trust’s investments may decline in value or otherwise be adversely affected due to general market conditions that are not specifically related to a particular issuer, such as real or perceived economic conditions, changes in interest or currency rates or changes in investor sentiment or market outlook generally. At any point in time, your Common Shares may be worth less than your original investment, even after including the reinvestment of Trust dividends and distributions. Management Risk The Trust is subject to management risk because it has an actively managed portfolio. GPIM will apply investment techniques and risk analysis in making investment decisions for the Trust, but there can be no guarantee that these will produce the desired results. The ability of the Trust to achieve its investment objective depends, in part, on GPIM’s investment decisions and the ability of GPIM to allocate effectively the Trust’s assets among multiple investment strategies, Investment Funds and investments and asset classes. There can be no assurance that the actual allocations will be effective in achieving the Trust’s investment objective or that an investment strategy or Investment Fund or investment will achieve its particular investment objective. Municipal Securities Risk Municipal securities are subject to a variety of risks, including credit, interest, prepayment, liquidity, and valuation risks. In addition, municipal securities can be adversely affected by (i) unfavorable legislative, political or other developments or events, including natural disasters and public health conditions, and (ii) changes in the economic and fiscal conditions of issuers of municipal securities or the federal government (in cases where it provides financial support to such issuers). Municipal securities may be fully or partially backed by the taxing authority or revenue of a local government, the credit of a private issuer, or the current or anticipated revenues from a specific project, which may be adversely affected by actual or perceived changes in economic, social or public health conditions. Moreover, the income, value and/or risk of municipal securities is often correlated to specific project or other revenue sources (such as taxes), which can be negatively affected by, among other things, demographic trends, such as population shifts or changing tastes and values, or increasing vacancies or declining rents or property values resulting from legal, cultural, technological, global or local economic developments, as well as reduced demand for properties, revenues or goods or services. To the extent the Trust invests a substantial portion of its assets in municipal securities issued by issuers in a particular state, municipality or project, the Trust will be particularly sensitive to developments and events adversely affecting such state or municipality or with respect to a particular project. Certain sectors of the municipal bond market have special risks that can affect them more significantly than the market as a whole. Because many municipal instruments are issued to finance similar projects (such as education, health care, transportation and utilities), conditions in these industries can significantly affect the overall municipal market. Municipal securities that are insured may be adversely affected by developments relevant to that particular insurer, or more general developments relevant to the market as a whole. The Trust’s vulnerability to potential losses associated with such developments may be reduced through investment in municipal securities that feature credit enhancements (such as bond insurance). Although insurance may reduce the credit risk of a municipal security, it does not protect against fluctuations in the value of the Trust’s shares caused by market changes. It is important to note that, although insurance may increase the credit safety of investments held by the Trust, it decreases the Trust’s yield as the Trust may pay for the insurance directly or indirectly. In addition, while the obligation of a municipal bond insurance company to pay a claim extends over the life of an insured bond, there is no assurance that insurers will meet their claims. A higher-than-anticipated default rate on municipal bonds (or other insurance the insurer provides) could strain the insurer’s loss reserves and adversely affect its ability to pay claims to bondholders. Municipal securities can be difficult to value and be less liquid than other investments, which may affect performance. Additionally, the amount of public information available about municipal securities is generally less than that for corporate equities or bonds, and the investment performance of the Trust’s municipal securities investments may therefore be more dependent on the analytical abilities of the Adviser. Information related to municipal securities and their risks may be provided by the municipality itself, which may not always be accurate. The secondary market for municipal securities, particularly below investment grade municipal securities, also tends to be less well-developed or liquid than many other securities markets, which may adversely affect the Trust’s ability to sell such securities at prices approximating those at which the Trust may currently value them. Investments in municipal securities are subject to risks associated with the financial health of the issuers of such securities or the revenue associated with underlying projects or other sources. For example, social, political, economic, market or public health conditions can, and have at times, significantly stressed the financial resources of many municipalities and other issuers of municipal securities, which may impair their ability to meet their financial obligations and may harm the value or liquidity of the Trust’s investments in municipal securities. In recent periods, a number of municipal issuers have defaulted on obligations, been downgraded or commenced insolvency proceedings. Financial difficulties of issuers of municipal securities may continue and the financial condition of such issuers may decline quickly. The ability of municipal issuers to make timely payments of interest and principal may be diminished during general economic downturns and as governmental cost burdens are reallocated among federal, state and local governments. The taxing power of any governmental entity may be limited by provisions of state constitutions or laws and an entity’s credit will depend on many factors, including the entity’s tax base, the extent to which the entity relies on federal or state aid and other factors which are beyond the entity’s control. In addition, laws enacted or that may be enacted in the future by governmental authorities could extend the time for payment of principal and/or interest, or impose other constraints on enforcement of such obligations or on the ability of municipalities to levy taxes. Moreover, as a result of economic, market and other factors, there could be reduced tax or other revenue available to issuers of municipal securities and, in turn, increased budgetary and financial pressure on the municipality and other issuers of municipal securities, which could increase the risks associated with municipal securities of such issuer. As a result, the Trust’s investments in municipal obligations or other securities may be subject to heightened risks relating to the occurrence of such developments. Issuers of municipal securities might seek protection under bankruptcy laws. In the event of bankruptcy of such an issuer, holders of municipal securities could experience delays in collecting principal and interest and such holders may not be able to collect all principal and interest to which they are entitled. Legislative developments may result in changes to the laws relating to municipal bankruptcies, which may adversely affect the Trust’s investments in municipal securities. When-Issued and Delayed Delivery Transactions Risk Securities purchased on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis may expose the Trust to counterparty risk of default as well as the risk that securities may experience fluctuations in value prior to their actual delivery. The Trust generally will not accrue income with respect to a when-issued or delayed delivery security prior to its stated delivery date. Purchasing securities on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis can involve the additional risk that the price or yield available in the market when the delivery takes place may not be as favorable as that obtained in the transaction itself. Debt Instruments Risk The value of the Trust’s investments in debt instruments (including bonds issued by non-profit entities, municipal conduits and project finance corporations) depends on the continuing ability of the debt issuers to meet their obligations for the payment of interest and principal when due. The ability of debt issuers to make timely payments of interest and principal can be affected by a variety of developments and changes in legal, political, economic and other conditions. For example, litigation, legislation or other political events, local business or economic conditions or the bankruptcy of an issuer could have a significant effect on the ability of the issuer to make timely payments of principal and/or interest. Investments in debt instruments present certain risks, including credit, interest rate, liquidity and prepayment risks. Issuers that rely directly or indirectly on government funding mechanisms or non¬profit statutes, may be negatively affected by actions of the government, including reductions in government spending, increases in tax rates, and changes in fiscal policy. The value of a debt instrument may decline for many reasons that directly relate to the issuer, such as a change in the demand for the issuer’s goods or services, or a decline in the issuer’s performance, earnings or assets. In addition, changes in the financial condition of an individual issuer can affect the overall market for such instruments. Municipal Conduit Bond Risk Municipal conduit bonds, also referred to as private activity bonds or industrial revenue bonds, are bonds issued by state and local governments or other entities for the purpose of financing the projects of certain private enterprises. Unlike municipal bonds, municipal conduit bonds are not backed by the full faith, credit or general taxing power of the issuing governmental entity. Rather, issuances of municipal conduit bonds are backed solely by revenues of the private enterprise involved. Municipal conduit bonds are therefore subject to heightened credit risk, as the private enterprise involved can have a different credit profile than the issuing governmental entity. Municipal conduit bonds may be negatively impacted by conditions affecting either the general credit of the private enterprise or the project itself. Factors such as competitive pricing, construction delays, or lack of demand for the project could cause project revenues to fall short of projections, and defaults could occur. Municipal conduit bonds tend to have longer terms and thus are more susceptible to interest rate risk. Corporate Bond Risk Corporate bonds are debt obligations issued by corporations and other business entities. Corporate bonds may be either secured or unsecured. Collateral used for secured debt includes real property, machinery, equipment, accounts receivable, stocks, bonds or notes. If a bond is unsecured, it is known as a debenture. Bondholders, as creditors, have a prior legal claim over common and preferred stockholders as to both income and assets of the corporation for the principal and interest due them and may have a prior claim over other creditors if liens or mortgages are involved. Interest on corporate bonds may be fixed or floating, or the bonds may be zero coupons. Interest on corporate bonds is typically paid semi-annually and is fully taxable to the bondholder. Corporate bonds contain elements of both interest-rate risk and credit risk and are subject to the risks associated with Income Securities, among other risks. The market value of a corporate bond generally may be expected to rise and fall inversely with interest rates and may also be affected by the credit rating of the corporation, the corporation’s performance and perceptions of the corporation in the marketplace. Depending on the nature of the seniority provisions, a senior corporate bond may be junior to other credit securities of the issuer. The market value of a corporate bond may be affected by factors directly related to the issuer, such as investors’ perceptions of the creditworthiness of the issuer, the issuer’s financial performance, perceptions of the issuer in the market place, performance of management of the issuer, the issuer’s capital structure and use of financial leverage and demand for the issuer’s goods and services. There is a risk that the issuers of corporate bonds may not be able to meet their obligations on interest or principal payments at the time called for by an instrument or at all. Corporate bonds of below investment grade quality are often high risk and have speculative characteristics and may be particularly susceptible to adverse issuer-specific developments and other developments. Project Finance Risk Project finance is a type of financing commonly used for infrastructure, industry, and public service projects. In a project finance arrangement, the cash flow generated by the project is used to repay lenders while the project’s assets, rights and interest are held as secondary collateral. Investors involved in project finance face heightened technology risk, operational risk, and market risk because the cash flow generated by the project, rather than the revenues of the company behind the project, will repay investors. In addition, because of the project-specific nature of such arrangements, the Trust face the risk of loss of investment if the company behind the project determines not to complete it. Risks of Investing in Debt Issued by Non-Profit Institutions Investing in debt issued by non-profit institutions, including foundations, museums, cultural institutions, colleges, universities, hospitals and healthcare systems, involves different risks than investing in municipal bonds. Many non-profit entities are tax-exempt under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) and risk losing their tax-exempt status if they do not comply with the requirements of that section. There is a risk that Congress or the IRS could pass new laws or regulations changing the requirements for tax-exempt status, which could result in a non-profit institution losing such status. Additionally, non-profit institutions that receive federal and state appropriations face the risk of a decrease in or loss of such appropriations. Hospitals and healthcare systems are highly regulated at the federal and state levels and face burdensome state licensing requirements. There is a risk that a state could refuse to renew a hospital’s license or that the passage of new laws or regulations, especially changes to Medicare or Medicaid reimbursement, could inhibit a hospital from growing its revenues. Hospitals and healthcare systems also face risks related to increased competition from other health care providers; increased costs of inpatient and outpatient care; and increased pressures from managed care organizations, insurers, and patients to cut the costs of medical care. There is a risk that non-profit institutions relying on philanthropy and donations to maintain their operations will receive less funding during economic downturns, such as the economic situation initially caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The economic situation has placed unique pressures on hospitals and healthcare systems including decreased revenues due to postponement or cancellation of elective surgeries, non-urgent admissions, clinic visits, and research visits; shortages of staff, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment, beds, and blood; and increased levels of self-paying admissions and uncompensated care due to reduced availability and affordability of health insurance. The economic situation has also resulted in decreased revenues in higher education through decreased enrollment; lower revenues from student tuition, room and board; increased financial need for students; and temporary closure of on-campus research programs. In addition, the economic situation has forced museums and cultural institutions to close, resulting in loss of revenues from retail, concessions, parking operations and special events held at the facilities. The economic situation has also led to layoffs and cost-cutting measures among non-profits and museums, some of which have been or may be forced out of business as a result of the pandemic. Taxable Municipal Securities Risk While interest earned on municipal securities is generally not subject to federal tax, any interest earned on taxable municipal securities is fully taxable at the federal level and may be subject to tax at the state level. Additionally, litigation, legislation or other political events, local business or economic conditions or the bankruptcy of the issuer could have a significant effect on the ability of an issuer of municipal securities to make payments of principal and/or interest. Political changes and uncertainties in the municipal market related to taxation, legislative changes or the rights of municipal security holders can significantly affect municipal securities. Because many securities are issued to finance similar projects, especially those relating to education, health care, transportation and utilities, conditions in those sectors can affect the overall municipal market. In addition, changes in the financial condition of an individual municipal issuer can affect the overall municipal market. Build America Bonds Risk BABs are a form of municipal financing. The BABs market is smaller and less diverse than the broader municipal securities market. In addition, because the relevant provisions of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 were not extended, bonds issued after December 31, 2010 cannot qualify as BABs. It is uncertain whether Congress will renew the program to permit issuance of new BABs. As a result, the number of available BABs is limited, which may negatively affect the value of the BABs. In addition, there can be no assurance that BABs will be actively traded. It is difficult to predict the extent to which a market for such bonds will continue, meaning that BABs may experience greater illiquidity than other municipal obligations. Because issuers of direct payment BABs held in the Trust’s portfolio receive reimbursement from the U.S. Treasury with respect to interest payments on bonds, there is a risk that those municipal issuers will not receive timely payment from the U.S. Treasury and may remain obligated to pay the full interest due on direct payment BABs held by the Trust. Under the sequestration process under the Budget Control Act of 2011, automatic spending cuts that became effective on March 1, 2013 reduced the federal subsidy for BABs and other subsidized taxable municipal bonds. In addition, pursuant to the requirements of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, as amended, refund payments issued to and refund offset transactions for BABS are subject to sequestration. The subsidy payments were reduced by 6.6% in 2018, 6.2% in 2019, 5.9% in 2020 and 5.7% between 2021 and 2030. Furthermore, it is possible that a municipal issuer may fail to comply with the requirements to receive the direct pay subsidy or that a future Congress may further reduce or terminate the subsidy altogether. In addition, the Code contains a general offset rule (the “IRS Offset Rule”) which allows for the possibility that subsidy payments to be received by issuers of BABs may be subject to offset against amounts owed by them to the federal government. Moreover, the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) may audit the agencies issuing BABs and such audits may, among other things, examine the price at which BABs are initially sold to investors. If the IRS concludes that a BAB was mispriced based on its audit, it could disallow all or a portion of the interest subsidy received by the issuer of the BAB. The IRS Offset Rule and the disallowance of any interest subsidy as a result of an IRS audit could potentially adversely affect a BABs issuer’s credit rating, and adversely affect the issuer’s ability to repay or refinance BABs. This, in turn, could adversely affect the ratings and value of the BABs held by the Trust and the Trust’s net asset value. The IRS has withheld subsidies from several states and municipalities. Income Risk The income investors receive from the Trust is based in part on the interest it earns from its investments in Income Securities, which can vary widely over the short- and long-term. If prevailing market interest rates drop, investors’ income from the Trust could drop as well. The Trust’s income could also be affected adversely when prevailing short-term interest rates increase and the Trust is utilizing leverage, although this risk may be mitigated to the extent the Trust invests in floating-rate obligations. Income Securities Risk In addition to the risks discussed above, Income Securities (notably the value and income of such investments), including high-yield bonds, are subject to certain risks, including: Issuer Risk. The value of Income Securities may decline for a number of reasons which directly relate to the issuer, such as management performance, the issuer’s overall level of debt, reduced demand for the issuer’s goods and services, historical and projected earnings, and the value of its assets. Spread Risk. Spread risk is the risk that the market price can change due to broad based movements in spreads. The difference (or “spread”) between the yield of a security and the yield of a benchmark measures the additional interest paid. As the spread on a security widens (or increases), the price (or value) of the security falls. Spread widening may occur, among other reasons, as a result of market concerns over the stability of the market, excess supply, general credit concerns in other markets, security- or market-specific credit concerns, or general reductions in risk tolerance. Credit Risk. The Trust could lose money if the issuer or guarantor of a debt instrument or a counterparty to a derivatives transaction or other transaction (such as a repurchase agreement or a loan of portfolio securities or other instruments) is unable or unwilling, or perceived to be unable or unwilling, to pay interest or repay principal on time or defaults. This risk is heightened in market environments where interest rates are changing, notably when rates are rising. If an issuer fails to pay interest, the Trust’s income would likely be reduced, and if an issuer fails to repay principal, the value of the instrument likely would fall and the Trust could lose money. This risk is especially acute with respect to below investment grade debt instruments (commonly referred to as “high-yield” or “junk” bonds) and unrated high risk debt instruments, whose issuers are particularly susceptible to fail to meet principal or interest obligations. Also, the issuer, guarantor or counterparty may suffer adverse changes in its financial condition or be adversely affected by economic, political or social conditions that could lower the credit quality (or the market’s perception of the credit quality) of the issuer or instrument, leading to greater volatility in the price of the instrument and in shares of the Trust. Although credit quality rating may not accurately reflect the true credit risk of an instrument, a change in the credit quality rating of an instrument or an issuer can have a rapid, adverse effect on the instrument’s value and liquidity and make it more difficult for the Trust to sell at an advantageous price or time. The risk of the occurrence of these types of events is heightened in market environments where interest rates are changing, notably when rates are rising. The degree of credit risk depends on the particular instrument and the financial condition of the issuer, guarantor or counterparty, which are often reflected in its credit quality. A credit quality rating is a measure of the issuer’s expected ability to make all required interest and principal payments in a timely manner. An issuer with the highest credit rating has a very strong capacity with respect to making all payments. An issuer with the second-highest credit rating has a strong capacity to make all payments, but the degree of safety is somewhat less. An issuer with the lowest credit quality rating may be in default or have extremely poor prospects of making timely payment of interest and principal. Credit ratings assigned by rating agencies are based on a number of factors and subjective judgments and therefore do not necessarily represent an issuer’s actual financial condition or the volatility and liquidity of the security. Although higher-rated securities generally present lower credit risk as compared to lower-rated or unrated |