SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 3 Months Ended |
Mar. 31, 2015 |
Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
|
Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation |
|
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of GGP, our subsidiaries and joint ventures in which we have a controlling interest. For consolidated joint ventures, the noncontrolling partner’s share of the assets, liabilities and operations of the joint ventures (generally computed as the joint venture partner’s ownership percentage) is included in noncontrolling interests in consolidated real estate affiliates as permanent equity of the Company. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. |
|
We operate in a single reportable segment which includes the operation, development and management of retail and other rental properties, primarily regional malls. Our portfolio is targeted to a range of market sizes and consumer tastes. Each of our operating properties is considered a separate operating segment, as each property earns revenues and incurs expenses, individual operating results are reviewed and discrete financial information is available. The Company's chief operating decision maker is comprised of a team of several members of executive management who use Company NOI in assessing segment operating performance. We do not distinguish or group our consolidated operations based on geography, size or type. Our operating properties have similar economic characteristics and provide similar products and services to our tenants.There are no individual operating segments that are greater than 10% of combined revenue, Company NOI, or combined assets. Company NOI excludes certain non-cash and non-comparable items such as straight-line rent and intangible asset and liability amortization, which are a result of our emergence, acquisition accounting and other capital contribution or restructuring events. Further, all material operations are within the United States and no customer or tenant comprises more than 10% of consolidated revenues. As a result, the Company’s operating properties are aggregated into a single reportable segment. |
|
Properties |
|
Real estate assets are stated at cost less any provisions for impairments. Expenditures for significant betterments and improvements are capitalized. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense when incurred. Construction and improvement costs incurred in connection with the development of new properties or the redevelopment of existing properties are capitalized. Real estate taxes, interest costs, and internal costs associated with leasing and development overhead incurred during construction periods are capitalized. Capitalization is based on qualified expenditures and interest rates. Capitalized real estate taxes, interest costs, and internal costs associated with leasing and development overhead are amortized over lives which are consistent with the related assets. |
|
Pre-development costs, which generally include legal and professional fees and other third-party costs directly related to the construction assets, are capitalized as part of the property being developed. In the event a development is no longer deemed to be probable of occurring, the capitalized costs are expensed (see also our impairment policies in this note below). |
|
We periodically review the estimated useful lives of our properties, and may adjust them as necessary. The estimated useful lives of our properties range from 20 - 45 years. |
|
Depreciation or amortization expense is computed using the straight-line method based upon the following estimated useful lives: |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Years | | | | | | | | | | |
Buildings and improvements | Oct-45 | | | | | | | | | | |
Equipment and fixtures | 20-Mar | | | | | | | | | | |
Tenant improvements | Shorter of useful life or applicable lease term | | | | | | | | | | |
|
Acquisitions of Operating Properties |
|
Acquisitions of properties are accounted for utilizing the acquisition method of accounting and, accordingly, the results of operations of acquired properties have been included in the results of operations from the respective dates of acquisition. Estimates of future cash flows and other valuation techniques are used to allocate the purchase price of acquired property between land, buildings and improvements, equipment, assumed debt liabilities and identifiable intangible assets and liabilities such as amounts related to in-place tenant leases, acquired above and below-market tenant and ground leases, and tenant relationships. |
|
Identifiable intangible assets and liabilities are calculated for above-market and below-market tenant and ground leases where we are either the lessor or the lessee. The difference between the contractual rental rates and our estimate of market rental rates is measured over a period equal to the remaining non-cancelable term of the leases, including significantly below-market renewal options for which exercise of the renewal option appears to be reasonably assured. The remaining term of leases with renewal options at terms significantly below market reflect the assumed exercise of such below-market renewal options and assume the amortization period would coincide with the extended lease term. |
|
The gross asset balances of the in-place value of tenant leases are included in buildings and equipment in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Gross Asset | | Accumulated | | Net Carrying |
Amortization | Amount |
| | | | | |
As of March 31, 2015 | | | | | | | | |
|
Tenant leases: | | | | | | | | |
|
In-place value | $ | 477,416 | | | $ | (276,637 | ) | | $ | 200,779 | |
|
| | | | | |
As of December 31, 2014 | | | | | |
Tenant leases: | | | | | |
In-place value | $ | 608,840 | | | $ | (362,531 | ) | | $ | 246,309 | |
|
|
The above-market tenant leases and below-market ground leases are included in Prepaid expenses and other assets (Note 14). The below-market tenant leases, above-market ground leases and above-market headquarters office lease are included in Accounts payable and accrued expenses (Note 15) in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. |
|
Amortization/accretion of all intangibles, including the intangibles in Note 14 and Note 15, had the following effects on our Income (loss) from continuing operations: |
| | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, | | | | |
| 2015 | | 2014 | | | | |
Amortization/accretion effect on continuing operations | $ | (48,880 | ) | | $ | (52,089 | ) | | | | |
|
Future amortization/accretion of all intangibles, including the intangibles in Note 14 and Note 15, is estimated to decrease results from continuing operations as follows: |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Year | | Amount | | | | | | | |
2015 Remaining | | $ | 82,945 | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
2016 | | 92,563 | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
2017 | | 68,829 | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
2018 | | 44,178 | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
2019 | | 25,792 | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|
Revenue Recognition and Related Matters |
|
Minimum rents are recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the related operating leases, including the effect of any free rent periods. Minimum rents also include lease termination income collected from tenants to allow for the tenant to vacate their space prior to their scheduled termination dates, as well as, accretion related to above and below-market tenant leases on acquired properties and properties that were recorded at fair value at the Effective Date. |
Overage rent is paid by a tenant when the tenant's sales exceed an agreed upon minimum amount and is recognized on an accrual basis once tenant sales exceed contractual tenant lease thresholds and is calculated by multiplying the sales in excess of the minimum amount by a percentage defined in the lease. |
Tenant recoveries are established in the leases or computed based upon a formula related to real estate taxes, insurance and other property operating expenses and are generally recognized as revenues in the period the related costs are incurred. |
Real estate sales are recognized whenever (1) a sale is consummated, (2) the buyer has demonstrated an adequate commitment to pay for the property, (3) the Company’s receivable is not subject to future subordination, and (4) the Company has transferred to the buyer the risks and rewards of ownership and does not have continuing involvement. Unless all conditions are met, recognition of all or a portion of the profit shall be postponed. |
We provide an allowance for doubtful accounts against the portion of accounts receivable, including straight-line rents, which is estimated to be uncollectible. Such allowances are reviewed periodically based upon our recovery experience. |
|
Management Fees and Other Corporate Revenues |
|
Management fees and other corporate revenues primarily represent management and leasing fees, development fees, financing fees, and fees for other ancillary services performed for the benefit of certain of the Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates. Management fees are reported at 100% of the revenue earned from the joint venture in Management fees and other corporate revenues on our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. Our share of the management fee expense incurred by the Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates is reported within Equity in income of Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates on our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income and in Property management and other costs in the Condensed Combined Statements of Income in Note 6. The following table summarizes the management fees from affiliates and our share of the management fee expense: |
| | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended March 31, | | | | |
| 2015 | | 2014 | | | | |
Management fees from affiliates | $ | 19,086 | | | $ | 16,687 | | | | | |
| | | |
Management fee expense | (7,276 | ) | | (6,690 | ) | | | | |
Net management fees from affiliates | $ | 11,810 | | | $ | 9,997 | | | | | |
| | | |
|
Impairment |
|
Operating properties |
|
We regularly review our consolidated properties for potential impairment indicators whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Impairment indicators are assessed separately for each property and include, but are not limited to, significant decreases in real estate property net operating income, significant decreases in occupancy percentage, debt maturities, management’s intent with respect to the properties and prevailing market conditions. |
|
If an indicator of potential impairment exists, the property is tested for recoverability by comparing its carrying amount to the estimated future undiscounted cash flows. Although the carrying amount may exceed the estimated fair value of certain properties, a real estate asset is only considered to be impaired when its carrying amount cannot be recovered through estimated future undiscounted cash flows. To the extent an impairment provision is determined to be necessary, the excess of the carrying amount of the property over its estimated fair value is expensed to operations. In addition, the impairment provision is allocated proportionately to adjust the carrying amount of the asset group. The adjusted carrying amount, which represents the new cost basis of the property, is depreciated over the remaining useful life of the property. |
|
Although we may market a property for sale, there can be no assurance that the transaction will be complete until the sale is finalized. However, GAAP requires us to utilize the Company’s expected holding period of our properties when assessing recoverability. If we cannot recover the carrying value of these properties within the planned holding period, we will estimate the fair values of the assets and record impairment charges for properties when the estimated fair value is less than their carrying value. |
|
Impairment indicators for pre-development costs, which are typically costs incurred during the beginning stages of a potential development and construction in progress, are assessed by project and include, but are not limited to, significant changes in the Company’s plans with respect to the project, significant changes in projected completion dates, tenant demand, anticipated revenues or cash flows, development costs, market factors and sustainability of development projects. |
|
Impairment charges are recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income when the carrying value of a property is not recoverable and it exceeds the estimated fair value of the property, which can occur in accounting periods preceding disposition and/or in the period of disposition. |
|
No provisions for impairment were recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014. |
|
Investment in Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates |
|
A series of operating losses of an investee or other factors may indicate that an other-than-temporary decline in value of our investment in an Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliate has occurred. The investment in each of the Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates is evaluated for valuation declines below the carrying amount. Accordingly, in addition to the property-specific impairment analysis that we perform for such joint ventures (as part of our operating property impairment process described above), we also considered whether there were other-than-temporary declines with respect to the carrying values of our Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates. No impairments related to our investments in Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates were recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014. |
|
Fair Value Measurements (Note 5) |
|
The accounting principles for fair value measurements establish a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include: |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | |
• | Level 1 - defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets; | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
• | Level 2 - defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
• | Level 3 - defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions. | | | | | | | | | | |
|
Note 5 includes a discussion of properties measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis using Level 2 and Level 3 inputs and the fair value of debt, which is estimated on a recurring basis using Level 2 and Level 3 inputs. Note 10 includes a discussion of certain redeemable noncontrolling interests that are measured at fair value using Level 1 inputs. |
|
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements |
|
Effective January 1, 2015 the definition of discontinued operations has been revised to limit what qualifies for this classification and presentation to disposals of components of a company that represent strategic shifts that have (or will have) a major effect on the company’s operations and financial results. Required expanded disclosures for disposals or disposal groups that qualify for discontinued operations are intended to provide users of financial statements with enhanced information about the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses of such discontinued operations. In addition, in accordance with this pronouncement, companies are required to disclose the pretax profit or loss of an individually significant component that does not qualify for discontinued operations treatment. Pursuant to its terms, we have adopted this pronouncement effective January 1, 2015. This definition has been applied prospectively and is anticipated to substantially reduce the number of transactions, going forward, that qualify for discontinued operations as compared to historical results. (See Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). |
|
Effective January 1, 2016, companies will be required to present debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability on the balance sheet. The recognition and measurement guidance for debt issuance costs will not be affected. The adoption of this pronouncement will result in the reclassification of unamortized capitalized loan fees from other assets to a direct reduction of the Company’s indebtedness on the consolidated balance sheets. |
Effective January 1, 2017, companies will be required to apply a five-step model in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers. The core principle of the revenue model is that a company recognizes revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Lease contracts will be excluded from this revenue recognition criteria; however, the sale of real estate will be required to follow the new model. Expanded quantitative and qualitative disclosures regarding revenue recognition will be required for contracts that are subject to this pronouncement. On April 1, 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board voted for a one-year deferral of the effective date of the new revenue recognition standard. If approved, the new standard will become effective for the Company beginning with the first quarter 2018 and can be adopted either retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented or as a cumulative effect adjustment as of the date of adoption. The Company is evaluating the potential impact of this pronouncement on its consolidated financial statements. |
Use of Estimates |
|
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. For example, estimates and assumptions have been made with respect to fair values of assets and liabilities for purposes of applying the acquisition method of accounting, the useful lives of assets, capitalization of development and leasing costs, provision for income taxes, recoverable amounts of receivables and deferred taxes, initial valuations and related amortization periods of deferred costs and intangibles, particularly with respect to acquisitions, impairment of long-lived assets, litigation related accruals and disclosures, and fair value of debt. Actual results could differ from these and other estimates. |