Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2013 |
Basis of Presentation and Consolidation | ' |
Basis of Presentation and Consolidation — The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the Company’s accounts, the accounts of wholly owned subsidiaries or subsidiaries for which the Company has a controlling interest, the accounts of variable interest entities (“VIEs”) in which the Company is the primary beneficiary, and the accounts of other subsidiaries over which the Company has a controlling financial interest. All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. |
In accordance with the guidance for the consolidation of VIEs, the Company analyzes its variable interests, including loans, leases, guarantees, and equity investments, to determine if the entity in which it has a variable interest is a variable interest entity (“VIE”). The Company’s analysis includes both quantitative and qualitative reviews. The Company bases its quantitative analysis on the forecasted cash flows of the entity, and its qualitative analysis on its review of the design of the entity, its organizational structure including decision-making ability and financial agreements. The Company also uses its quantitative and qualitative analyses to determine if it is the primary beneficiary of the VIE, and if such determination is made, it includes the accounts of the VIE in its consolidated financial statements. |
Allocation of Purchase Price for Real Estate Acquisitions | ' |
Allocation of Purchase Price for Real Estate Acquisitions — Upon acquisition of properties, the Company estimates the fair value of acquired tangible assets (consisting of land, building and improvements, tenant improvements and equipment), intangible assets (consisting of in-place leases and above or below market lease values), liabilities assumed and any contingent liabilities in order to allocate the purchase price. In estimating the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, the Company considers information obtained about each property as a result of its due diligence and utilizes various valuation methods, such as estimated cash flow projections using appropriate discount and capitalization rates, estimates of replacement costs net of depreciation and available market information. |
The fair value of the tangible assets of an acquired leased property is determined by valuing the property as if it were vacant, and the “as-if-vacant” value is then allocated to land and building based on the determination of the fair values of these assets. |
The purchase price is allocated to in-place lease intangibles based on management’s evaluation of the specific characteristics of the acquired lease(s). Factors considered include estimates of carrying costs during hypothetical expected lease up periods, including estimates of lost rental income during the expected lease up periods, and costs to execute similar leases such as leasing commissions, legal and other related expenses. Above- and below-market lease intangibles are recorded based on the present value of the difference between the contractual rents to be paid pursuant to the lease and management’s estimate of the fair market lease rates for each in-place lease and may include assumptions for lease renewals of below market leases. |
The Company may also enter into yield guarantees in connection with an acquisition, whereby the seller agrees to hold a portion of the purchase price in escrow that may be repaid to the Company in the event certain thresholds are not met. In calculating the estimated fair value of the yield guaranty, the Company considers information obtained about each property during the due diligence and budget process as well as discount rates to determine the fair value. The Company evaluates the fair value of the yield guaranty at each reporting period and records any adjustments to the fair value as a component of operating income (expense) in the consolidated statement of operations. Refer to Note 9 “Contingent Purchase Price Consideration,” for information on a contingent payment related to an earn-out agreement acquired in conjunction with the purchase of Medical Portfolio I. |
Leasing Costs | ' |
Leasing Costs — The Company defers costs that it incurs to obtain new tenant leases or extend existing tenant leases and classifies these costs as intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization. The Company amortizes these costs using the straight-line method of accounting over the shorter of the respective lease term or estimated useful life. If a lease is terminated early, the Company will expense any applicable unamortized deferred leasing costs. |
Use of Estimates | ' |
Use of Estimates — The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements, the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. For example, significant assumptions are made in the allocation of purchase price, the analysis of real estate impairments, the valuation of contingent assets and liabilities, and the valuation of restricted stock shares issued to the Advisor or Property Manager. Accordingly, actual results could differ from those estimates. |
Investments in Unconsolidated Entities | ' |
Investments in Unconsolidated Entities — The Company accounts for its investments in unconsolidated joint ventures under the equity method of accounting as the Company exercises significant influence, but does not maintain a controlling financial interest over these entities. These investments are recorded initially at cost and subsequently adjusted for cash contributions, distributions and equity in earnings (loss) of the unconsolidated entities. Based on the respective venture structures and preferences the Company receives on distributions and liquidation, the Company records its equity in earnings of the entities under the hypothetical liquidation at book value (“HLBV”) method of accounting. Under this method, the Company recognizes income or loss in each period as if the net book value of the assets in the ventures were hypothetically liquidated at the end of each reporting period pursuant to the provisions of the joint venture agreements. In any given period, the Company could be recording more or less income than actual cash distributions received and more or less than what the Company may receive in the event of an actual liquidation. The Company’s investment in unconsolidated entities is accounted for as an asset acquisition in which acquisition fees and expenses are capitalized as part of the basis in the investment in unconsolidated entities. The acquisition fees and expenses create an outside basis difference that are allocated to the assets of the investee and, if assigned to depreciable or amortizable assets, the basis differences are then amortized as a component of equity in earnings (loss) of unconsolidated entities. |
Real Estate Under Development | ' |
Real Estate Under Development — The Company records real estate under development at cost, including acquisition fees and closing costs incurred. The cost of the real estate under development includes direct and indirect costs of development, including interest and miscellaneous costs incurred during the development period until the project is substantially complete and available for occupancy. In addition, during active development, all operating expenses related to the project, including property expenses such as real estate taxes and insurance, are capitalized rather than expensed and incidental revenue is recorded as a reduction of capitalized development costs. Preleasing costs are expensed as incurred. |
Capitalized Interest | ' |
Capitalized Interest — Interest and loan cost amortization attributable to funds used to finance real estate under development is capitalized as additional costs of development. The Company capitalizes interest at the weighted average interest rate of the Company’s outstanding indebtedness and based on its weighted average expenditures for the period. Capitalization of interest on a specific project ceases when the project is substantially complete and ready for occupancy. During the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company incurred interest expense and loan cost amortization of approximately $11.5 million and $6.0 million, respectively, of which approximately $0.7 million and $0.1 million, respectively, was capitalized according to this policy. |
Loan Costs | ' |
Loan Costs — Financing costs paid in connection with obtaining debt are deferred and amortized over the estimated life of the debt using the effective interest method. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the accumulated amortization of loan costs was approximately $2.5 million and $0.7 million, respectively. |
Depreciation and Amortization | ' |
Depreciation and Amortization — Real estate costs related to the acquisition and improvement of properties are capitalized. Repair and maintenance costs are charged to expense as incurred and significant replacements and betterments are capitalized. Repair and maintenance costs include all costs that do not extend the useful life of the real estate asset. The Company considers the period of future benefit of an asset to determine its appropriate useful life. Real estate assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation, which is computed using the straight-line method of accounting over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. Buildings and improvements are depreciated on the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, which generally are the lesser of 39 and 15 years, respectively, or the remaining life of the ground lease. |
Amortization of intangible assets is computed using the straight-line method of accounting over the shorter of the respective lease term or estimated useful life. If a lease were to be terminated prior to its scheduled expiration, all unamortized costs related to the lease would be written off. |
Impairment of Real Estate Assets | ' |
Impairment of Real Estate Assets — Real estate assets are reviewed on an ongoing basis to determine whether there are any indicators, including property operating performance and general market conditions, that the value of the real estate properties (including any related amortizable intangible assets or liabilities) may be impaired. To assess if a property value is potentially impaired, management compares the estimated current and projected undiscounted cash flows, including estimated net sales proceeds, of the property over its remaining useful life to the net carrying value of the property. Such cash flow projections consider factors such as expected future operating income, trends and prospects, as well as the effects of demand, competition and other factors. In the event that the carrying value exceeds the undiscounted operating cash flows, the Company would recognize an impairment provision to adjust the carrying value of the asset group to the estimated fair value of the property. |
When impairment indicators are present for real estate indirectly owned, through an investment in a joint venture or other similar investment structure accounted for under the equity method, the Company compares the estimated fair value of its investment to the carrying value. An impairment charge will be recorded to the extent the fair value of its investment is less than the carrying amount and the decline in value is determined to be other than a temporary decline. |
Cash | ' |
Cash — Cash consists of demand deposits at commercial banks. The Company also invests in cash equivalents consisting of highly liquid investments in money market funds with original maturities of three months or less during the year. |
As of December 31, 2013, the Company’s cash deposits exceeded federally insured amounts. However, the Company continues to monitor the third-party depository institutions that hold the Company’s cash, primarily with the goal of safeguarding principal. The Company attempts to limit cash investments to financial institutions with high credit standing; therefore, the Company believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk on cash. |
Restricted Cash | ' |
Restricted Cash — Certain amounts of cash are restricted to fund capital expenditures for the Company’s real estate investment properties or represent certain tenant security deposits. |
Notes Receivable | ' |
Notes Receivable — The Company evaluates impairment on its notes receivable on an individual loan basis which includes, current information and events, periodic visits and quarterly discussions on the financial results of the properties being collateralized and the financial stability of the borrowers. The Company reviews each loan to determine the risk of loss and whether the individual loan is impaired and whether an allowance is necessary. The value credit quality of the Company’s borrowers is primarily based on their payment history on an individual loan basis, as such, the Company does not assign its notes receivable in credit quality categories. |
Derivative Financial Instruments | ' |
Derivative Financial Instruments — The Company and certain unconsolidated equity method investments held by the Company use derivative financial instruments to partially offset the effect of fluctuating interest rates on the cash flows associated with its variable-rate debt. Upon entry into a derivative, the Company or its unconsolidated equity method investment formally designates and documents the financial instrument as a hedge of a specific underlying exposure, as well as the risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking the hedge transaction. The Company or its unconsolidated equity method investment accounts for derivatives through the use of a fair value concept whereby the derivative positions are stated at fair value in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. The fair value of derivatives used to hedge or modify risk fluctuates over time. As such, the fair value amounts should not be viewed in isolation, but rather in relation to the cash flows or fair value of the underlying hedged transaction and to the overall reduction in the exposure relating to adverse fluctuations in interest rates on the Company’s or its unconsolidated equity method investment’s variable-rate debt. |
Realized and unrealized gain (loss) on derivative financial instruments designated by either the Company or its unconsolidated equity method investment as cash flow hedges are reported as a component of other comprehensive income (loss), a component of stockholders’ equity, in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) to the extent they are effective; reclassified into earnings on the same line item associated with the hedged transaction and in the same period the hedged transaction affects earnings. Any ineffective portions of cash flow hedges are reported in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations as derivative gain (loss). Realized and unrealized gain (loss) on derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges that are entered into by the Company’s equity method investments are reported as a component of the Company’s other comprehensive income (loss) in proportion to the Company’s ownership percentage in the investment, with reclassifications and ineffective portions being included in equity in earnings (loss) of unconsolidated entities in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. |
Fair Value Measurements | ' |
Fair Value Measurements — Fair value assumptions are based on the framework established in the fair value accounting guidance under GAAP. The framework specifies a hierarchy of valuation inputs which was established to increase consistency, clarity and comparability in fair value measurements and related disclosures. The guidance describes a fair value hierarchy based upon three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value, two of which are considered observable and one that is considered unobservable. The following describes the three levels of fair value inputs: |
|
| • | | Level 1 — Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access. |
|
| • | | Level 2 — Inputs, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability either directly or indirectly; such as, quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities or other inputs that can be corroborated by observable market data. |
|
| • | | Level 3 — Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, which are typically based on the Company’s own assumptions, as there is little, if any, related market activity. |
When market data inputs are unobservable, the Company utilizes inputs that it believes reflects the Company’s best estimate of the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. When inputs used to measure fair value fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the level within which the fair value measurement is categorized is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. |
Mortgages and Other Notes Payable | ' |
Mortgages and Other Notes Payable — Mortgages and other notes payable are recorded at the stated principal amount and are generally collateralized by the Company’s properties. Mortgages and other notes payable assumed in connection with an acquisition are recorded at fair market value as of the date of the acquisition. |
Shares Based Payments to Non-Employees | ' |
Shares Based Payments to Non-Employees — In connection with the advisor expense support and restricted stock agreement (the “Advisor Expense Support Agreement”) and the property manager expense support and restricted stock agreement (the “Property Manager Expense Support Agreement”) described in Note 11, “Related Party Arrangements,” (hereinafter collectively referred to as the “Expense Support Agreements”), the Company may issue subordinated forfeitable restricted stock (“Restricted Stock”) to the Advisor or the Property Manager on a quarterly basis in exchange for providing expense support in the event that cash distributions declared exceed modified funds from operations as defined by the Expense Support Agreements. |
The Restricted Stock is forfeited if shareholders do not ultimately receive their original invested capital back with at least a 6% annualized return of investment upon a future liquidity or disposition event of the Company. Upon issuance of Restricted Stock, the Company measures the fair value at its then-current lowest aggregate fair value pursuant to ASC 505-50. On the date in which the Advisor or the Property Manager satisfies the vesting criteria, the Company remeasures the fair value of the Restricted Stock pursuant to ASC 505-50 and records expense equal to the difference between the original fair value and that of the remeasurement date. In addition, given that performance is outside the control of the Advisor or the Property Manager and involves both market conditions and counterparty performance conditions, the shares are treated as unissued for accounting purposes and the Company only includes the Restricted Stock in the calculation of diluted earnings per share to the extent their effect is dilutive and the vesting conditions have been satisfied as of the reporting date. |
Pursuant to the Expense Support Agreements, the Advisor or the Property Manager shall be the record owner of the Restricted Stock until the shares of common stock are sold or otherwise disposed of, and shall be entitled to all of the rights of a stockholder of the Company including, without limitation, the right to vote such shares (to the extent permitted by the Articles) and receive all dividends and other distributions paid with respect to such shares. All dividends or other distributions actually paid to the Advisor or the Property Manager in connection with the Restricted Stock shall vest immediately and will not be subject to forfeiture. The Company recognizes expense related to the dividends on the Restricted Stock shares as declared. |
Acquisition Fees and Expenses | ' |
Acquisition Fees and Expenses — Acquisition fees, including investment services fees and expenses associated with transactions deemed to be business combinations (including investment transactions that are no longer under consideration), are expensed as incurred. Acquisition fees and expenses associated with making loans and with transactions deemed to be an asset purchase are capitalized. The Company incurred approximately $19.5 million, $10.6 million and $0.9 million in acquisitions fees and expenses during the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, approximately $0.1 million and $0.7 million, respectively, was capitalized as real estate under development, approximately $0.5 million and $3.3 million, respectively, was capitalized as investment in unconsolidated entities, approximately $0.1 million and $0, respectively, was capitalized as origination costs related to the note receivable from related party, and the remaining was expensed. There were no acquisition fees and expenses capitalized for the year ended December 31, 2011. |
Redemptions | ' |
Redemptions — Under the Company’s stock redemption plan, a stockholder’s shares are deemed to have been redeemed as of the date that the Company accepts the stockholder’s request for redemption. From and after such date, the stockholder by virtue of such redemption is no longer entitled to any rights as a stockholder in the Company. Shares redeemed are retired and not available for reissue. |
Revenue Recognition | ' |
Revenue Recognition — Rental income from operating leases is recorded on the straight-line basis over the terms of the leases. The Company’s leases require the tenants to pay certain additional contractual amounts that are set aside by the Company for replacements of fixed assets and other improvements to the properties. These amounts are and will remain the property of the Company during and after the term of the lease. The amounts are recorded as capital improvement reserve income at the time that they are earned and are included in rental income from operating leases in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations. Additional percentage rent that is due contingent upon tenant performance thresholds, such as gross revenues, is deferred until the underlying performance thresholds have been achieved. |
Resident fees and services consist of monthly services, which include rent, assistance and other related services. Agreements with residents are generally for an initial term of 3 months and are cancelable by the residents with 30 days’ notice. |
Tenant reimbursement income represents amounts tenants are required to reimburse the Company in accordance with the terms of the leases and are recognized in the period in which the related reimbursable expenses are incurred. |
Interest income is recognized on an accrual basis when earned. Any deferred portion of contractual interest is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the corresponding note receivable. Loan origination fees incurred are recognized as a reduction in interest income over the term of the note receivable. |
Net Loss per Share | ' |
Net Loss per Share — Net loss per share is calculated based upon the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period in which the Company was operational. For the purposes of determining the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding, stock distributions are treated as if they were issued and outstanding for the full periods presented. Therefore, the weighted average number of shares outstanding for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 have been revised to include stock distributions declared and issued through the date of this filing as if they were outstanding as of the beginning of each period presented. |
Segment Information | ' |
Segment Information — Operating segments are components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is available and is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Company has determined that it operates in one operating segment, real estate ownership. The Company’s chief operating decision maker evaluates the Company’s operations from a number of different operational perspectives including but not limited to a property-by-property basis and by tenant or operator. The Company derives all significant revenues from a single reportable operating segment of business, healthcare real estate regardless of the type (senior housing, medical office, etc.) or ownership structure (leased or managed). Accordingly, the Company does not report segment information; nevertheless, management periodically evaluates whether the Company continues to have one single reportable segment of business. |
Reclassifications | ' |
Reclassifications — Certain prior period amounts in the consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation with no effect on previously reported total assets and total liabilities, net loss or stockholders’ equity. |
Income Taxes | ' |
Income Taxes — The Company has elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended and related regulations beginning with the year ended December 31, 2012. In order to be taxed as a REIT, the Company is subject to certain organizational and operational requirements, including the requirement to make distributions to its stockholders each year of at least 90% of its REIT taxable income (which is computed without regard to the dividends-paid deduction or net capital gain and which does not necessarily equal net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP). If the Company qualifies for taxation as a REIT, the Company generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on income that the Company distributes as dividends. If the Company fails to quality as a REIT in any taxable year, the Company will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on its taxable income at regular corporate income tax rates and generally will not be permitted to qualify for treatment as a REIT for federal income tax purposes for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification is lost, unless the Internal Revenue Service grants the Company relief under certain statutory provisions. Even if the Company qualifies for taxation as a REIT, it may be subject to certain state and local taxes on its income and property, and U.S. federal income and excise taxes on its undistributed income. The Company may also be subject to foreign taxes on investments outside of the United States based on the jurisdictions in which the Company conducts business. |
The Company has and will continue to form subsidiaries which may elect to be taxed as a TRS for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Under the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code and applicable state laws, a TRS will be subject to tax on its taxable income from its operations. The Company will account for federal and state income taxes with respect to a TRS using the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the consolidated financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and respective tax bases and operating losses and tax-credit forwards. |
Prior to the Company’s REIT election, it was subject to corporate federal and state income taxes. Prior to and including the year ended December 31, 2011, the Company did not have earnings. The tax years from 2010 to 2013 remain subject to examination by taxing authorities throughout the United States. The Company analyzed its material tax positions and determined that it has not taken any uncertain tax positions. |
Adopted Accounting Pronouncements | ' |
Adopted Accounting Pronouncements — In February 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) No. 2013-02, “Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (AOCI).” This update clarified the guidance in subtopic 220 and requires preparers to report, in one place, information about reclassifications out of AOCI. The ASU also requires companies to report changes in AOCI balances. Effective January 1, 2013, the Company adopted this ASU. The adoption of this update did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. |
In December 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-11, “Balance Sheet (Topic 210): Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities (Topic 210).” This ASU also serves to amend the disclosure requirements in FASB ASU 815, “Derivatives and Hedging.” This ASU will require companies to provide both net amounts (those that are offset) and gross information (as if amounts are not offset) in notes to the financial statements. In January 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-01, Balance Sheet (Topic 210): Clarifying the Scope of Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities”, that clarifies which instruments and transactions are subject to the offsetting disclosure requirement within the scope of ASU 2011-11. This ASU is effective for interim and annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2013. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements and disclosures. |
|
In December 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-10, “Property, Plant, and Equipment (Topic 360): Derecognition of in Substance Real Estate — a Scope Clarification.” This update clarified the guidance in subtopic 360-20 as it applies to the derecognition of in substance real estate when the parent ceases to have a controlling financial interest in a subsidiary that is in substance real estate because of a default by the subsidiary on its nonrecourse debt. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning on or after June 15, 2012. The Company has determined that the impact of this update will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. |
Recent Accounting Pronouncements | ' |
Recent Accounting Pronouncements — In February 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-04, “Liabilities (Topic 405): Obligations Resulting from Joint and Several Liability Arrangements for Which the Total Amount of the Obligation is Fixed at the Reporting Date.” This update clarified the guidance in subtopic 405 and requires entities to measure obligations resulting from joint and several liability arrangements for which total obligation is fixed at the reporting date. Entities are required to measure the obligation as the amount that the reporting entity agreed to pay on the basis of its arrangement among its co-obligors plus any additional amount the reporting entity expects to pay on behalf of its co-obligors. Additionally, the guidance requires entities to disclose the nature and amount of the obligations as well as other information about those obligations. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning on or after December 15, 2013 for public entities. The Company has determined that the impact of this update will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. |
In July 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-11, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists.” This update clarified the guidance in subtopic 740 and requires entities to present an unrecognized tax benefit, or a portion of an unrecognized tax benefit in the financial statements as a reduction to a deferred tax asset for a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward to the extent one is available. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning on or after December 15, 2013 for public entities. The Company has determined that the impact of this update will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. |