Graphene & Solar Technologies Limited (GSTX) 10-Q 27 Mar 24 2024 Q1 Quarterly report Financial data

Cover

Cover - shares	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Mar. 25, 2024
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-Q
Amendment Flag	false
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--09-30
Entity File Number	333-174194
Entity Registrant Name	GRAPHENE & SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED
Entity Central Index Key	0001497649
Entity Tax Identification Number	27-2888719
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	CO
Entity Address, Address Line One	Suite 300
Entity Address, City or Town	Phoenix
Entity Address, State or Province	AZ
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	85028
City Area Code	602
Local Phone Number	388-8335
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	true
Elected Not To Use the Extended Transition Period	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		424,592,610
[custom:EntityAddressAddressLine]	11201 North Tatum Blvd.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Current Assets:
Cash	$ 23,794	$ 1,094
Prepaid expenses	11,765	11,108
Total Current Assets	35,559	12,202
Other Assets:
Furniture and equipment, net of depreciation $81,701	904	937
Intellectual property – at cost, net	1	1
Other intangible assets – at cost	975	975
Other receivable		4,015
Total Assets	37,439	18,130
Current Liabilities
Accounts payable and other payable	2,717,982	2,594,247
Accrued interest payable	192,307	184,851
Due to related party	2,254,762	1,985,601
Notes payable, $60,000 in default	60,000	60,000
Notes payable – related party	71,963	71,713
Convertible notes payable, $100,747 in default	100,747	100,747
Convertible notes payable – related party, net of discount $16,106 and $0	33,894
Total Current Liabilities	5,431,655	4,997,159
Total Liabilities	5,431,655	4,997,159
Preferred stock: 10,000,000 shares authorized; $0.00001 par value; no shares issued and outstanding
Common stock: 500,000,000 shares authorized; $0.00001 par value; 421,292,610 and 421,892,610 shares issued and outstanding	4,225	4,219
Additional paid-in capital	63,895,430	63,883,853
Stock Receivable	(795,000)	(795,000)
Accumulated deficit	(68,744,214)	(68,375,078)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	193,847	302,977
Total Stockholders’ Deficit	(5,394,216)	(4,979,029)
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Deficit	$ 37,439	$ 18,130

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANC_2

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Furniture and equipment, net of depreciation	$ 81,701
Preferred stock, authorized	10,000,000	10,000,000
Perferred stock, par value	$ 0.00001	$ 0.00001
Preferred stock, issued	0	0
Preferred stock, outstanding	0	0
Common stock, authorized	500,000,000	500,000,000
Common stock, par value	$ 0.00001	$ 0.00001
Common stock, issued	421,892,610	421,292,610
Common stock, outstanding	421,892,610	421,292,610

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMEN

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenue
Operating Expenses:
Professional Services	342,734	134,854
General and administrative	24,413	42,791
Total operating expenses	367,147	177,645
Loss from operations	(367,147)	(177,645)
Other Income (Expense):
Other income	8,040	6,300
Interest expense	(10,029)	(5,113)
Total Other Income (Expense)	(1,989)	1,187
Net Income (Loss)	(369,136)	(176,458)
Other Comprehensive Income
Net Comprehensive Loss	$ (478,266)	$ (250,913)
Income (Loss) per share:
Basic and diluted	$ 0	$ 0
Weighted average shares outstanding	421,773,914	374,305,480

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEM_2

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS DEFICIENCY - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Balance, September 30, 2022	$ (4,979,029)	$ (4,043,192)
Stock Based Compensation	44,400
Debt Discount on Notes Payable	18,679
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(109,130)	(74,455)
Net loss	(369,136)	(176,458)
Balance, December 31, 2022	(5,394,216)	(4,294,105)
Common Stock [Member]
Balance, September 30, 2022	$ 4,219	$ 3,748
Shares, Outstanding, Beginning Balance	421,292,610	374,305,480
Stock Based Compensation
Debt Discount on Notes Payable	6
Foreign currency translation adjustment
Net loss
Balance, December 31, 2022	$ 4,225	$ 3,748
Shares, Outstanding, Ending Balance	421,892,610	374,305,480
Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]
Balance, September 30, 2022	$ 63,883,853	$ 63,527,513
Stock Based Compensation
Debt Discount on Notes Payable	11,577
Foreign currency translation adjustment
Net loss
Balance, December 31, 2022	63,895,430	63,527,513
Stock Receivable [Member]
Balance, September 30, 2022	(795,000)	(795,000)
Stock Based Compensation
Debt Discount on Notes Payable
Foreign currency translation adjustment
Net loss
Balance, December 31, 2022	(795,000)	(795,000)
Stock Payable [Member]
Balance, September 30, 2022
Stock Based Compensation	44,400
Debt Discount on Notes Payable	7,096
Foreign currency translation adjustment
Net loss
Balance, December 31, 2022	51,496
Retained Earnings [Member]
Balance, September 30, 2022	(68,375,078)	(67,070,016)
Stock Based Compensation
Debt Discount on Notes Payable
Foreign currency translation adjustment
Net loss	(369,136)	(176,458)
Balance, December 31, 2022	(68,744,214)	(67,246,474)
AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member]
Balance, September 30, 2022	302,977	290,563
Stock Based Compensation
Debt Discount on Notes Payable
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(109,130)	(74,455)
Net loss
Balance, December 31, 2022	$ 193,847	$ 216,108

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEM_3

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS DEFICIENCY (Parenthetical)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Long-Term Debt, Gross	$ 600,000

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEM_4

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities
Net Income (loss)	$ (369,136)	$ (176,458)
Adjustments to reconcile net income/(loss) to net cash from operating activities:
Stock-based compensation	44,400
Depreciation expense	84	83
Amortization of intangibles
Amortization of discount	2,573
Loss on Settlement of Debt
Accounts payable related party
Impairment of assets
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts payable	86,256	49,269
Accrued interest payable	7,456	5,113
Other Receivables	4,015
Pre-Payments
Due to related parties	197,000	112,026
Net cash used in operating activities	(27,352)	(9,967)
Cash flows from investing activities
Cash paid for purchase of fixed assets
Net cash used in investing activities
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from issuance of common stock
Due to Affiliates	250	20,000
Issuance of convertible note – related party	50,000
Net cash from financing activities	50,250	20,000
Effect of currency translations to cash flow	(198)	185
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	22,700	10,218
Beginning of period	1,094	2,857
End of period	23,794	13,075
Supplemental cash flow information
Taxes
Noncash investing and financing activities:
Issuance of Common Stock as Debt Discount	$ 18,679

BASIS OF PRESENTATION

BASIS OF PRESENTATION	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
BASIS OF PRESENTATION	NOTE 1 – BASIS OF PRESENTATION These consolidated financial statements of Graphene & Solar Technologies Limited (GSTX or the Company) have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP). In the opinion of management, these financial statements include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of the results for the interim periods. Certain information, accounting policies and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been omitted pursuant to Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) rules and regulations. These financial statements should be read along with Graphene & Solar’s audited financial statements as of September 30, 2023. Going Concern 68,744,214 Future issuances of the Company’s equity or debt securities will be required for the Company to finance operations and continue as a going concern. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties.

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTI

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION	NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and pursuant to the accounting and disclosure rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). A summary of the significant accounting policies applied in the preparation of the accompanying financial statements can be found in the Company’s Annual Report in form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2023. Use of Estimates Significant estimates include but are not limited to the estimated useful lives of equipment for purposes of depreciation and the valuation of common shares issued for services, equipment, and the liquidation of liabilities. Cash and Cash Equivalents Derivative Financial Instruments The Company records all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value, adjusted at the end of each reporting period to reflect any material changes in fair value, with any such changes classified as changes in derivatives valuation in the statement of operations. The calculation of the fair value of derivatives utilizes highly subjective and theoretical assumptions that can materially affect fair values from period to period. The recognition of these derivative amounts does not have any impact on cash flows. At the date of the conversion of any convertible debt, the pro rata fair value of the related embedded derivative liability is transferred to additional paid-in capital. There was no derivative activity in fiscal quarter ending December 31, 2023. Therefore, no derivative liabilities were recorded during the quarter ended December 31, 2023. Stock-Based Compensation “Compensation - Stock Compensation,” During the quarter ended December 31, 2023, the Company did not issue any shares of the Company’s common stock to members of the Board of Directors, employees, and consultants. During the quarter ended December 31, 2022, the Company did not issue any shares of the Company’s common stock to members of the Board of Directors, employees, and consultants. Total stock-based compensation expense was $44,400 and $0 for the quarters ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Foreign Currency Translations Earnings Per Share Reclassifications

NOTES PAYABLE

NOTES PAYABLE	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
NOTES PAYABLE	NOTE 3 – NOTES PAYABLE The Company’s indebtedness as of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023 were as follows: Schedule of notes payable Description December 31, 2023 September 30, 2023 Convertible notes $ 100,747 $ 100,747 Convertible notes – related party, net of discount $16,106 33,894 — Notes Payable $ 60,000 $ 60,000 Notes Payable – related parties $ 71,963 71,713 Notes Payable and Other Loans During 2015 and 2016, the Company executed promissory notes payable with six individuals with an aggregate principal balance of $60,000. The notes were due on demand and included interest at 10%. As of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, the total promissory notes payable balance was $110,222 and $108,710, including accrued interest of $50,222 and $48,710, respectively. On January 15, 2019, the holder of a note with a principal balance of $10,000 made demand for payment. To date, the note has not been paid. During the year ended September 30, 2020 a Company Advisor, loaned the Company $5,811. The loan is a demand note at zero interest. Convertible Notes Payable As of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, noteholders representing $70,747 in outstanding principal had not requested the exchange of shares of common stock. As of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, the exchange obligation payable was $182,184 and $179,510, including accrued interest of $111,437 and $108,762, respectively. As of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, the exchange obligation was for 55,040 shares and 54,233 shares of common stock, respectively. On February 1, 2016, the Company issued convertible secured note payable of $30,000 to an individual. The note was due on January 31, 2017 and included interest at 10%. The note was convertible at discretion of the holder into common shares of the Company at the rate of $0.50 per shares. The Company has not extended the maturity date and the note is in default. As of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, the total convertible note payable balance was $53,753 and $52,997, including accrued interest of $23,753 and $22,997 respectively. As of December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, the exchange obligation was for 107,506 shares and 105,994 shares of common stock, respectively. Convertible Notes Payable – Related Party During the quarter ended December 31, 2023, the Company entered into an agreement to issue convertible notes payable with an accredited investor. Notably, there exists a professional relationship between the Company and the investor, facilitated by a mutual director serving on the boards of both entities. These notes carry an aggregate principal balance of $50,000 and accrue interest at a rate of 10% per annum. Their maturity dates are set for October 2024 and December 2024. Additionally, the notes offer the option for conversion into common shares of the Company at the discretion of the holder, with a conversion rate of $0.10 per share. As of December 31, 2023, the total balance of promissory notes payable stood at $50,705, inclusive of accrued interest totaling $705. Moreover, the exchange obligation associated with these notes amounted to 507,050 shares of common stock. In return for providing the loan, the Company authorized the issuance of 1,000,000 shares of common stock to the lender. By the end of December 31, 2023, 600,000 shares had been issued, leaving 400,000 shares unissued. The Company recorded an initial debt discount of $18,679 upon the issuance of the notes, with subsequent amortization of debt discount totaling $2,573. Related Party Loans On December 5, 2022, the Company entered into a Promissory Loan Note with Mr. Andrew Liang, in the amount of US$20,000, with a maturity date of December 5, 2023. The loan will accrue interest at the rate of 10% per annum. On February 28, 2023, the Company entered into a Promissory Loan Note with MI Labs Pty Ltd, in the amount of US$50,000 (of which $31,943 was received by the company as of December 31, 2023) with a maturity date of February 28, 2024. The loan will accrue interest at the rate 10% per annum. On July 20, 2023, the Company entered into a Promissory Loan Note with Pagemark Limited, in the amount of US$20,000, with a maturity date of July 20, 2024. The loan will accrue interest at the rate of 10% per annum.

RELATED PARTY

RELATED PARTY	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]
RELATED PARTY	NOTE 4 – RELATED PARTY MI Labs Pty Ltd, a management company controlled by Mr. Jason May, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and a Company Director, provides management services to the Company for which the Company is charged $25,000 monthly. During the three months ended December 31, 2023, the Company incurred charges to operations of $75,000 with respect to this arrangement. CSA Liang Pty Ltd, a management company controlled by Mr. Andrew Liang, a Company Director, provided corporate advisor services to the Company for which the Company was charged $5,000 monthly. During the three months ended December 31, 2023, the Company incurred charges to operations of $15,000 with respect to this arrangement. Sativus Investments, a management company controlled by Mr. Paul Saffron, the Company’s Chief Operations Officer, provides management services to the Company for which the Company is charged $20,000 monthly. During the three months ended December 31, 2023, the Company incurred charges to operations of $60,000 with respect to this arrangement. Allegro Investments Limited entered into a convertible note agreement with the Company. The Company and Allegro Investments Limited share a professional relationship wherein a director serves on the boards of both entities – see NOTE 3. During the quarters ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, stock-based compensation expense relating to directors, officers, affiliates and related parties was $44,400 (6,000,000 shares – see NOTE 7) and $0 (no shares), respectively.

STOCKHOLDERS_ EQUITY

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Equity [Abstract]
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY	NOTE 5 – STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY 600,000 common shares were issued during the quarter ended December 31, 2023. The Company has a total of 5,778,367 shares that remain approved, reserved and outstanding and not yet issued by the Transfer Agent at December 31, 2023. Mr. Jason May was granted 2,000,000 shares per annum, per the terms of his consulting agreement. As of this filing date, the shares have been approved but remain unissued. Mr. Paul Saffron was granted 2,000,000 shares per annum, per the terms of his consulting agreement. As of this filing date, the shares have been approved but remain unissued. Ms. Kristine Woo was granted 2,000,000 shares per annum, per the terms of her consulting agreement. As of this filing date, the shares have been approved but remain unissued. Allegro Investments Limited entered into a convertible loan agreement with the Company in December 2023. Per the terms of the agreement, 400,000 common shares are to be issued. As of this filing date, the shares have been approved but remain unissued.

INTANGIBLE ASSETS_PATENTS

INTANGIBLE ASSETS/PATENTS	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
INTANGIBLE ASSETS/PATENTS	NOTE 6 – INTANGIBLE ASSETS/PATENTS We amortize capitalized patent costs for internally generated patents on a straight-line basis for 7 years, which represents the estimated useful lives of the patents. The seven-year estimated useful life for internally generated patents is based on our assessment of such factors as: the integrated nature of the portfolios being licensed, the overall makeup of the portfolio over time, and the length of license agreements for such patents. The estimated useful lives of acquired patents and patent rights, however, have been and will continue to be based on a separate analysis related to each acquisition and may differ from the estimated useful lives of internally generated patents. The average estimated useful life of acquired patents is 6.7 years. We assess the potential impairment to all capitalized net patent costs when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of our patent portfolio may not be recoverable. Schedule of finite lived intangible assets December 31, 2023 September 30, 2023 Patents 1 1 Accumulated amortization — — Total patent costs, net 1 1

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Subsequent Events
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS	NOTE 7 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS On January 1, 2024, American Solar Manufacturing Company LLC signed a retainer consulting agreement with the Company and was granted 2,000,000 shares. The Company issued 2,000,000 shares, per the terms of the agreement. On March 20, 2024, Pagemark Limited signed an Addendum to Loan Agreement with the Company and was granted 500,000 shares. The Company issued 500,000 shares, per the terms of the agreement. On March 4, 2024, the Company accepted a Share Application for the total price of $1,000 ($0.01/share). The Company issued 100,000 shares, per the terms of the application. On March 22, 2024, the Company accepted a Share Application for the total price of $1,000 ($0.01/share). The Company issued 100,000 shares, per the terms of the application. Mr. Jason May was granted 2,000,000 shares per annum, per the terms of his consulting agreement. As of this filing date, the shares have been approved but remain unissued. Mr. Paul Saffron was granted 2,000,000 shares per annum, per the terms of his consulting agreement. As of this filing date, the shares have been approved but remain unissued. Ms. Kristine Woo was granted 2,000,000 shares per annum, per the terms of her consulting agreement. As of this filing date, the shares have been approved but remain unissued. Mr. Thomas Chang was granted a maximum of 1,000,000 shares per annum subject to performance in fiscal years 2021/2022, 2022/2023 and 2023/2024 to a total of 3,000,000 shares. 1,000,000 shares were issued during the 2021/2022 fiscal year. As of this filing date, the remaining 2,000,000 shares have been approved but remain unissued.

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUN_2

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION (Policies)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation	Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and pursuant to the accounting and disclosure rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). A summary of the significant accounting policies applied in the preparation of the accompanying financial statements can be found in the Company’s Annual Report in form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2023.
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates Significant estimates include but are not limited to the estimated useful lives of equipment for purposes of depreciation and the valuation of common shares issued for services, equipment, and the liquidation of liabilities.
Cash and Cash Equivalents	Cash and Cash Equivalents
Derivative Financial Instruments	Derivative Financial Instruments The Company records all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value, adjusted at the end of each reporting period to reflect any material changes in fair value, with any such changes classified as changes in derivatives valuation in the statement of operations. The calculation of the fair value of derivatives utilizes highly subjective and theoretical assumptions that can materially affect fair values from period to period. The recognition of these derivative amounts does not have any impact on cash flows. At the date of the conversion of any convertible debt, the pro rata fair value of the related embedded derivative liability is transferred to additional paid-in capital. There was no derivative activity in fiscal quarter ending December 31, 2023. Therefore, no derivative liabilities were recorded during the quarter ended December 31, 2023.
Stock-Based Compensation	Stock-Based Compensation “Compensation - Stock Compensation,” During the quarter ended December 31, 2023, the Company did not issue any shares of the Company’s common stock to members of the Board of Directors, employees, and consultants. During the quarter ended December 31, 2022, the Company did not issue any shares of the Company’s common stock to members of the Board of Directors, employees, and consultants. Total stock-based compensation expense was $44,400 and $0 for the quarters ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Foreign Currency Translations	Foreign Currency Translations
Earnings Per Share	Earnings Per Share
Reclassifications	Reclassifications

NOTES PAYABLE (Tables)

NOTES PAYABLE (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of notes payable	Schedule of notes payable Description December 31, 2023 September 30, 2023 Convertible notes $ 100,747 $ 100,747 Convertible notes – related party, net of discount $16,106 33,894 — Notes Payable $ 60,000 $ 60,000 Notes Payable – related parties $ 71,963 71,713

INTANGIBLE ASSETS_PATENTS (Tabl

INTANGIBLE ASSETS/PATENTS (Tables)	3 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of finite lived intangible assets	Schedule of finite lived intangible assets December 31, 2023 September 30, 2023 Patents 1 1 Accumulated amortization — — Total patent costs, net 1 1

BASIS OF PRESENTATION (Details

BASIS OF PRESENTATION (Details Narrative)	162 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Net losses	$ 68,744,214

Schedule of notes payable (Deta

Schedule of notes payable (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Convertible notes	$ 100,747	$ 100,747
Convertible notes – related party, net of discount $16,106	33,894
Notes Payable	60,000	60,000
Notes Payable – related parties	$ 71,963	$ 71,713

Schedule of finite lived intang

Schedule of finite lived intangible assets (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Patents	$ 1	$ 1
Accumulated amortization
Total patent costs, net	$ 1	$ 1