Leases, Finance | Leases The Company leases aircraft, engines, airport terminals, maintenance and training facilities, aircraft hangars, commercial real estate, and office and computer equipment, among other items. Certain of these leases include provisions for variable lease payments which are based on several factors, including, but not limited to, relative leased square footage, enplaned passengers, and airports’ annual operating budgets. Due to the variable nature of the rates, these leases are not recorded on the Company's condensed balance sheets as a right-of-use asset and lease liability. Lease terms are generally 8 years to 18 years for aircraft and up to 30 years for other leased equipment and property. The Company adopted Topic 842 utilizing the modified retrospective adoption method with an effective date of January 1, 2019. The Company elected not to apply the recognition requirements in Topic 842 to short-term leases (i.e., leases of 12 months or less). Instead, a lessee may recognize the lease payments in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company elected this accounting policy for all classes of underlying assets. In addition, in accordance with Topic 842, variable lease payments in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred are not included in the recognition of a lease liability or right-of-use asset. Right-of-use assets represent the Company's right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company's obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the estimated present value of lease payments over the lease term. When available, the Company uses the rate implicit in the lease to discount lease payments to present value. However, the Company's leases generally do not provide a readily determinable implicit rate. Therefore, the Company estimates the incremental borrowing rate to discount lease payments based on information available at lease commencement. The Company uses publicly available data for instruments with similar characteristics when calculating its incremental borrowing rates. The Company has options to extend certain of its operating leases for an additional period of time and options to early terminate several of its operating leases. The lease term consists of the noncancellable period of the lease, periods covered by options to extend the lease if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise the option, periods covered by an option to terminate the lease if the Company is reasonably certain not to exercise the option and periods covered by an option to extend or not terminate the lease in which the exercise of the option is controlled by the lessor. The Company's lease agreements do not contain any residual value guarantees. The Company has elected to not separate non-lease components from the associated lease component for all underlying classes of assets with lease and non-lease components. As of September 30, 2019 , the Company had 47 aircraft financed under operating leases, with lease term expirations between 2022 and 2034 . In addition, as of September 30, 2019 , the Company had 11 spare engines financed under operating leases with lease term expiration dates ranging from 2019 to 2027 . One of the Company's leased aircraft has variable rent payments, which fluctuate based on changes in London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR"). Prior to the adoption of Topic 842, the Company had entered into sale-leaseback transactions with third-party aircraft lessors for some of its leased aircraft and engines. Upon adoption of Topic 842, the Company recognized a $5.5 million cumulative effect adjustment, net of tax, to retained earnings driven by the recognition of unamortized deferred gains and losses related to aircraft sale-leaseback transactions entered into in prior periods. Prior to the adoption of Topic 842, gains and losses on sale-leaseback transactions were generally deferred and recognized in income over the lease term. Under Topic 842, gains and losses on sale-leaseback transactions, subject to adjustment for off-market terms, are recognized immediately and recorded within loss on disposal of assets on the Company's condensed statements of operations. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 , the Company took delivery of two aircraft under secured debt arrangements, purchased five previously leased aircraft, and took delivery of five aircraft under operating leases. The Company also purchased two engines and purchased one previously leased engine. In addition, the Company entered into a sale-leaseback transaction for one aircraft in the period. With the sale-leaseback transaction, the Company recorded a gain of $0.1 million within loss on disposal of assets on the Company's condensed statements of operations. The sale-leaseback transaction had no off-market terms and therefore no such adjustment was recorded. Upon purchase off lease, the assets previously recorded in our operating lease right-of-use asset (in accordance with the adoption of Topic 842) were recorded within flight equipment on the Company's condensed balance sheets. Some of the Company’s aircraft and engine master lease agreements provide that the Company pays maintenance reserves to aircraft lessors to be held as collateral in advance of the Company’s required performance of major maintenance activities. A majority of these maintenance reserve payments are calculated based on a utilization measure, such as flight hours or cycles, while some maintenance reserve payments are fixed, time-based contractual amounts. Maintenance reserve payments that are probable of being recovered when the Company performs qualifying maintenance are recorded in aircraft maintenance deposits on the Company's condensed balance sheets. Fixed maintenance reserve payments that are not probable of being recovered are considered lease payments and are included in the right-of-use asset and lease liability. Maintenance reserve payments that are based on a utilization measure and are not probable of being recovered are considered variable lease payments that are recognized when they are probable of being incurred and are not included in the right-of-use asset and lease liability. Fixed maintenance reserve payments for the Company's aircraft and related flight equipment, including estimated amounts for contractual price escalations, are expected to be $0.7 million for the remainder of 2019 , $2.6 million in 2020 , $2.6 million in 2021 , $2.7 million in 2022 , $2.5 million in 2023 , and $0.5 million in 2024 and beyond . Some of the master lease agreements do not require that the Company pay maintenance reserves so long as the Company's cash balance does not fall below a certain level. As of September 30, 2019 , the Company is in full compliance with those requirements and does not anticipate having to pay reserves related to these master leases in the future. Under the terms of the lease agreements, the Company will continue to operate and maintain the aircraft. Payments under the majority of the lease agreements are fixed for the term of the lease. The lease agreements contain standard termination events, including termination upon a breach of the Company's obligations to make rental payments and upon any other material breach of the Company's obligations under the leases, and standard maintenance and return condition provisions. These return provisions are evaluated at inception of the lease and throughout the lease terms and are accounted for as either fixed or variable lease payments (depending on the nature of the lease return condition) when it is probable that such amounts will be incurred. When determining probability and estimated cost of lease return obligations, there are various other factors that need to be considered such as the contractual terms of the lease, the ability to swap engines or other aircraft components, current condition of the aircraft, the age of the aircraft at lease expiration, utilization of engines and other components, the extent of repairs needed at return, return locations, current configuration of the aircraft and cost of repairs and materials at the time of return. As a result of the different factors listed above, management assesses the need to accrue lease return costs throughout the lease as facts and circumstances warrant an assessment. The Company expects lease return costs and unrecoverable maintenance deposits will increase as individual aircraft lease agreements approach their respective termination dates and the Company begins to accrue the estimated cost of return conditions for the corresponding aircraft. Upon a termination of the lease due to a breach by the Company, the Company would be liable for standard contractual damages, possibly including damages suffered by the lessor in connection with remarketing the aircraft or while the aircraft is not leased to another party. Aircraft rent expense consists of monthly lease rents for aircraft and spare engines under the terms of the Company's aircraft and spare engine lease agreements recognized on a straight-line basis. Aircraft rent expense also includes maintenance reserves paid to aircraft lessors in advance of the performance of major maintenance activities that are not probable of being reimbursed and probable lease return condition obligations. The following table provides details of the Company's future minimum lease payments under finance lease liabilities and operating lease liabilities recorded on the Company's condensed balance sheets as of September 30, 2019 . The table does not include commitments that are contingent on events or other factors that are currently uncertain or unknown. Finance Leases Operating Leases Aircraft and Spare Engine Leases Property Facility Leases Other Total Operating and Finance Lease Obligations (in thousands) Remainder of 2019 $ 298 $ 45,009 $ 699 $ 145 $ 46,151 2020 780 175,661 2,417 517 179,375 2021 606 174,420 2,131 — 177,157 2022 578 176,203 1,528 — 178,309 2023 202 158,328 1,132 — 159,662 2024 and thereafter — 617,315 4,938 — 622,253 Total minimum lease payments $ 2,464 $ 1,346,936 $ 12,845 $ 662 $ 1,362,907 Less amount representing interest 233 323,560 3,509 21 327,323 Present value of minimum lease payments $ 2,231 $ 1,023,376 $ 9,336 $ 641 $ 1,035,584 Less current portion 814 114,777 2,041 558 118,190 Long-term portion $ 1,417 $ 908,599 $ 7,295 $ 83 $ 917,394 Commitments related to the Company's noncancellable short-term operating leases not recorded on the Company's condensed balance sheets are expected to be $0.5 million for the remainder of 2019 and none in 2020 and beyond . In June 2019, the Company entered into an aircraft sale agreement to acquire four A320 aircraft previously operated by the Company under operating leases. The contract was deemed a lease modification, which resulted in a change of classification from operating leases to finance leases for the four aircraft. The Company recorded a finance lease obligation of $94.9 million calculated as the present value of the remaining lease payments, including the final payment to purchase the aircraft and included within current maturities of long-term debt and finance leases on the Company's condensed balance sheets as of June 30, 2019. In addition, the Company recorded finance lease assets of $140.5 million , which include related amounts previously recorded as maintenance reserves and security deposits and included within flight equipment on the Company's condensed balance sheets as of June 30, 2019. During the third quarter of 2019, the purchase of the four aircraft was completed for an aggregate gross purchase price of $141.3 million , which was comprised of cash payments net of the amount of maintenance reserves and security deposits held by the previous lessor, and the related interest in the amount of $0.3 million was recognized within interest expense on the Company's condensed statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 . These aircraft were recorded within flight equipment on the Company's condensed balance sheets. The remainder of the Company's finance lease obligations relate to leased computer and office equipment. Payments under these finance lease agreements are fixed for terms ranging from 3 to 5 years . Accounting for finance leases is substantially unchanged under Topic 842. Finance lease assets are recorded within property and equipment and the related liabilities are recorded within current maturities of long-term debt and finance leases and long-term debt and finance leases, less current maturities in the Company's condensed balance sheets. The table below presents information for lease costs related to the Company's finance and operating leases: Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 (in thousands) Finance lease cost Amortization of leased assets $ 135 $ 863 Interest of lease liabilities 302 641 Operating lease cost Operating lease cost (1) 39,590 137,943 Short-term lease cost (1) 4,218 11,176 Variable lease cost (1) 29,260 89,030 Total lease cost $ 73,505 $ 239,653 (1) Expenses are classified within aircraft rent and landing fees and other rents on the Company's condensed statements of operations. The table below presents lease-related terms and discount rates as of September 30, 2019 : September 30, 2019 Weighted-average remaining lease term Operating leases 9.7 years Finance leases 3.2 years Weighted-average discount rate Operating leases 6.48 % Finance leases 6.14 % |
Leases, Operating | Leases The Company leases aircraft, engines, airport terminals, maintenance and training facilities, aircraft hangars, commercial real estate, and office and computer equipment, among other items. Certain of these leases include provisions for variable lease payments which are based on several factors, including, but not limited to, relative leased square footage, enplaned passengers, and airports’ annual operating budgets. Due to the variable nature of the rates, these leases are not recorded on the Company's condensed balance sheets as a right-of-use asset and lease liability. Lease terms are generally 8 years to 18 years for aircraft and up to 30 years for other leased equipment and property. The Company adopted Topic 842 utilizing the modified retrospective adoption method with an effective date of January 1, 2019. The Company elected not to apply the recognition requirements in Topic 842 to short-term leases (i.e., leases of 12 months or less). Instead, a lessee may recognize the lease payments in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company elected this accounting policy for all classes of underlying assets. In addition, in accordance with Topic 842, variable lease payments in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred are not included in the recognition of a lease liability or right-of-use asset. Right-of-use assets represent the Company's right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company's obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Right-of-use assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the estimated present value of lease payments over the lease term. When available, the Company uses the rate implicit in the lease to discount lease payments to present value. However, the Company's leases generally do not provide a readily determinable implicit rate. Therefore, the Company estimates the incremental borrowing rate to discount lease payments based on information available at lease commencement. The Company uses publicly available data for instruments with similar characteristics when calculating its incremental borrowing rates. The Company has options to extend certain of its operating leases for an additional period of time and options to early terminate several of its operating leases. The lease term consists of the noncancellable period of the lease, periods covered by options to extend the lease if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise the option, periods covered by an option to terminate the lease if the Company is reasonably certain not to exercise the option and periods covered by an option to extend or not terminate the lease in which the exercise of the option is controlled by the lessor. The Company's lease agreements do not contain any residual value guarantees. The Company has elected to not separate non-lease components from the associated lease component for all underlying classes of assets with lease and non-lease components. As of September 30, 2019 , the Company had 47 aircraft financed under operating leases, with lease term expirations between 2022 and 2034 . In addition, as of September 30, 2019 , the Company had 11 spare engines financed under operating leases with lease term expiration dates ranging from 2019 to 2027 . One of the Company's leased aircraft has variable rent payments, which fluctuate based on changes in London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR"). Prior to the adoption of Topic 842, the Company had entered into sale-leaseback transactions with third-party aircraft lessors for some of its leased aircraft and engines. Upon adoption of Topic 842, the Company recognized a $5.5 million cumulative effect adjustment, net of tax, to retained earnings driven by the recognition of unamortized deferred gains and losses related to aircraft sale-leaseback transactions entered into in prior periods. Prior to the adoption of Topic 842, gains and losses on sale-leaseback transactions were generally deferred and recognized in income over the lease term. Under Topic 842, gains and losses on sale-leaseback transactions, subject to adjustment for off-market terms, are recognized immediately and recorded within loss on disposal of assets on the Company's condensed statements of operations. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 , the Company took delivery of two aircraft under secured debt arrangements, purchased five previously leased aircraft, and took delivery of five aircraft under operating leases. The Company also purchased two engines and purchased one previously leased engine. In addition, the Company entered into a sale-leaseback transaction for one aircraft in the period. With the sale-leaseback transaction, the Company recorded a gain of $0.1 million within loss on disposal of assets on the Company's condensed statements of operations. The sale-leaseback transaction had no off-market terms and therefore no such adjustment was recorded. Upon purchase off lease, the assets previously recorded in our operating lease right-of-use asset (in accordance with the adoption of Topic 842) were recorded within flight equipment on the Company's condensed balance sheets. Some of the Company’s aircraft and engine master lease agreements provide that the Company pays maintenance reserves to aircraft lessors to be held as collateral in advance of the Company’s required performance of major maintenance activities. A majority of these maintenance reserve payments are calculated based on a utilization measure, such as flight hours or cycles, while some maintenance reserve payments are fixed, time-based contractual amounts. Maintenance reserve payments that are probable of being recovered when the Company performs qualifying maintenance are recorded in aircraft maintenance deposits on the Company's condensed balance sheets. Fixed maintenance reserve payments that are not probable of being recovered are considered lease payments and are included in the right-of-use asset and lease liability. Maintenance reserve payments that are based on a utilization measure and are not probable of being recovered are considered variable lease payments that are recognized when they are probable of being incurred and are not included in the right-of-use asset and lease liability. Fixed maintenance reserve payments for the Company's aircraft and related flight equipment, including estimated amounts for contractual price escalations, are expected to be $0.7 million for the remainder of 2019 , $2.6 million in 2020 , $2.6 million in 2021 , $2.7 million in 2022 , $2.5 million in 2023 , and $0.5 million in 2024 and beyond . Some of the master lease agreements do not require that the Company pay maintenance reserves so long as the Company's cash balance does not fall below a certain level. As of September 30, 2019 , the Company is in full compliance with those requirements and does not anticipate having to pay reserves related to these master leases in the future. Under the terms of the lease agreements, the Company will continue to operate and maintain the aircraft. Payments under the majority of the lease agreements are fixed for the term of the lease. The lease agreements contain standard termination events, including termination upon a breach of the Company's obligations to make rental payments and upon any other material breach of the Company's obligations under the leases, and standard maintenance and return condition provisions. These return provisions are evaluated at inception of the lease and throughout the lease terms and are accounted for as either fixed or variable lease payments (depending on the nature of the lease return condition) when it is probable that such amounts will be incurred. When determining probability and estimated cost of lease return obligations, there are various other factors that need to be considered such as the contractual terms of the lease, the ability to swap engines or other aircraft components, current condition of the aircraft, the age of the aircraft at lease expiration, utilization of engines and other components, the extent of repairs needed at return, return locations, current configuration of the aircraft and cost of repairs and materials at the time of return. As a result of the different factors listed above, management assesses the need to accrue lease return costs throughout the lease as facts and circumstances warrant an assessment. The Company expects lease return costs and unrecoverable maintenance deposits will increase as individual aircraft lease agreements approach their respective termination dates and the Company begins to accrue the estimated cost of return conditions for the corresponding aircraft. Upon a termination of the lease due to a breach by the Company, the Company would be liable for standard contractual damages, possibly including damages suffered by the lessor in connection with remarketing the aircraft or while the aircraft is not leased to another party. Aircraft rent expense consists of monthly lease rents for aircraft and spare engines under the terms of the Company's aircraft and spare engine lease agreements recognized on a straight-line basis. Aircraft rent expense also includes maintenance reserves paid to aircraft lessors in advance of the performance of major maintenance activities that are not probable of being reimbursed and probable lease return condition obligations. The following table provides details of the Company's future minimum lease payments under finance lease liabilities and operating lease liabilities recorded on the Company's condensed balance sheets as of September 30, 2019 . The table does not include commitments that are contingent on events or other factors that are currently uncertain or unknown. Finance Leases Operating Leases Aircraft and Spare Engine Leases Property Facility Leases Other Total Operating and Finance Lease Obligations (in thousands) Remainder of 2019 $ 298 $ 45,009 $ 699 $ 145 $ 46,151 2020 780 175,661 2,417 517 179,375 2021 606 174,420 2,131 — 177,157 2022 578 176,203 1,528 — 178,309 2023 202 158,328 1,132 — 159,662 2024 and thereafter — 617,315 4,938 — 622,253 Total minimum lease payments $ 2,464 $ 1,346,936 $ 12,845 $ 662 $ 1,362,907 Less amount representing interest 233 323,560 3,509 21 327,323 Present value of minimum lease payments $ 2,231 $ 1,023,376 $ 9,336 $ 641 $ 1,035,584 Less current portion 814 114,777 2,041 558 118,190 Long-term portion $ 1,417 $ 908,599 $ 7,295 $ 83 $ 917,394 Commitments related to the Company's noncancellable short-term operating leases not recorded on the Company's condensed balance sheets are expected to be $0.5 million for the remainder of 2019 and none in 2020 and beyond . In June 2019, the Company entered into an aircraft sale agreement to acquire four A320 aircraft previously operated by the Company under operating leases. The contract was deemed a lease modification, which resulted in a change of classification from operating leases to finance leases for the four aircraft. The Company recorded a finance lease obligation of $94.9 million calculated as the present value of the remaining lease payments, including the final payment to purchase the aircraft and included within current maturities of long-term debt and finance leases on the Company's condensed balance sheets as of June 30, 2019. In addition, the Company recorded finance lease assets of $140.5 million , which include related amounts previously recorded as maintenance reserves and security deposits and included within flight equipment on the Company's condensed balance sheets as of June 30, 2019. During the third quarter of 2019, the purchase of the four aircraft was completed for an aggregate gross purchase price of $141.3 million , which was comprised of cash payments net of the amount of maintenance reserves and security deposits held by the previous lessor, and the related interest in the amount of $0.3 million was recognized within interest expense on the Company's condensed statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 . These aircraft were recorded within flight equipment on the Company's condensed balance sheets. The remainder of the Company's finance lease obligations relate to leased computer and office equipment. Payments under these finance lease agreements are fixed for terms ranging from 3 to 5 years . Accounting for finance leases is substantially unchanged under Topic 842. Finance lease assets are recorded within property and equipment and the related liabilities are recorded within current maturities of long-term debt and finance leases and long-term debt and finance leases, less current maturities in the Company's condensed balance sheets. The table below presents information for lease costs related to the Company's finance and operating leases: Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 (in thousands) Finance lease cost Amortization of leased assets $ 135 $ 863 Interest of lease liabilities 302 641 Operating lease cost Operating lease cost (1) 39,590 137,943 Short-term lease cost (1) 4,218 11,176 Variable lease cost (1) 29,260 89,030 Total lease cost $ 73,505 $ 239,653 (1) Expenses are classified within aircraft rent and landing fees and other rents on the Company's condensed statements of operations. The table below presents lease-related terms and discount rates as of September 30, 2019 : September 30, 2019 Weighted-average remaining lease term Operating leases 9.7 years Finance leases 3.2 years Weighted-average discount rate Operating leases 6.48 % Finance leases 6.14 % |