Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses | Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses Loans in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets are summarized as follows: September 30, December 31, Real estate: Construction and land $ 163,047 $ 126,422 Farmland 9,421 11,696 1 - 4 family residential 134,926 137,704 Multi-family residential 13,281 8,695 Nonfarm nonresidential 328,335 284,622 Commercial 273,409 246,124 Consumer 4,293 5,304 926,712 820,567 Deferred loan fees (51 ) (62 ) Allowance for loan losses (8,102 ) (6,772 ) $ 918,559 $ 813,733 Included in the net loan portfolio as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 is an accretable discount related to loans acquired within a business combination in the approximate amounts of $627 and $1,029 , respectively. The discount is being accreted into income using the interest method over the life of the loans. The majority of the loan portfolio is comprised of loans to businesses and individuals in the Dallas metropolitan area. This geographic concentration subjects the loan portfolio to the general economic conditions within this area. The risks created by this concentration have been considered by management in the determination of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses. Management believes the allowance for loan losses was adequate to cover estimated losses on loans as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 . Non-Accrual and Past Due Loans Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Loans are placed on non‑accrual status when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when required by regulatory provisions. Loans may be placed on non‑accrual status regardless of whether or not such loans are considered past due. When the accrual of interest is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received in excess of principal due. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured. Non‑accrual loans aggregated by class of loans, as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , are as follows: September 30, December 31, Real estate: Construction and land $ — $ — Farmland — — 1 - 4 family residential — 187 Multi-family residential — — Nonfarm nonresidential — — Commercial 1,073 383 Consumer 14 21 $ 1,087 $ 591 During the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 , interest income not recognized on non‑accrual loans was minimal. An aging analysis of past due loans, aggregated by class of loans, as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 is as follows: September 30, 2016 30 to 59 Days 60 to 89 Days 90 Days or Greater Total Past Due Total Current Total Total 90 Days Past Due and Still Accruing Real estate: Construction and land $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 163,047 $ 163,047 $ — Farmland — — — — 9,421 9,421 — 1 - 4 family residential 563 137 218 918 134,008 134,926 218 Multi-family residential — — — — 13,281 13,281 — Nonfarm nonresidential — 387 — 387 327,948 328,335 — Commercial 704 14 671 1,389 272,020 273,409 139 Consumer — — — — 4,293 4,293 — $ 1,267 $ 538 $ 889 $ 2,694 $ 924,018 $ 926,712 $ 357 December 31, 2015 30 to 59 Days 60 to 89 Days 90 Days or Greater Total Past Due Total Current Total Total 90 Days Past Due and Still Accruing Real estate: Construction and land $ 3 $ — $ — $ 3 $ 126,419 $ 126,422 $ — Farmland — — — — 11,696 11,696 — 1 - 4 family residential 215 438 187 840 136,864 137,704 — Multi-family residential — — — — 8,695 8,695 — Nonfarm nonresidential — 175 — 175 284,447 284,622 — Commercial 883 81 159 1,123 245,001 246,124 83 Consumer 8 2 1 11 5,293 5,304 1 $ 1,109 $ 696 $ 347 $ 2,152 $ 818,415 $ 820,567 $ 84 Loans past due 90 days and still accruing, increased from $84 as of December 31, 2015 to $357 as of September 30, 2016 . These loans are also considered well-secured and in the process of collection with plans in place for the borrowers to bring the notes fully current. The Company believes that it will collect all principal and interest due on each of the loans past due 90 days and still accruing. Impaired Loans Impaired loans are those loans where it is probable the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due in accordance with the original contractual terms of the loan agreement, including scheduled principal and interest payments. All troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) are considered impaired loans. Impaired loans are measured based on either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate; the loan’s observable market price; or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. Substantially all of the Company’s impaired loans are measured at the fair value of the collateral. Impaired loans, or portions thereof, are charged off when deemed uncollectible. Impaired loans, including purchased credit impaired loans and TDRs, at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 are summarized in the following tables. September 30, 2016 Unpaid Recorded Recorded Total Related Average Real estate: Construction and land $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Farmland — — — — — — 1 - 4 family residential 164 164 — 164 — 298 Multi-family residential — — — — — — Nonfarm nonresidential 384 384 — 384 — 459 Commercial 1,020 400 620 1,020 221 428 Consumer 15 — 15 15 4 13 Total $ 1,583 $ 948 $ 635 $ 1,583 $ 225 $ 1,198 December 31, 2015 Unpaid Recorded Recorded Total Related Average Real estate: Construction and land $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 10 Farmland — — — — — — 1 - 4 family residential 353 353 — 353 — 191 Multi-family residential — — — — — — Nonfarm nonresidential 1,265 1,265 — 1,265 — 1,146 Commercial 740 390 350 740 186 533 Consumer 21 3 18 21 7 27 Total $ 2,379 $ 2,011 $ 368 $ 2,379 $ 193 $ 1,907 Interest payments on impaired loans are typically applied to principal unless collectability of the principal amount is reasonably assured, in which case interest is recognized on a cash basis. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 , total interest income and cash‑based interest income recognized on impaired loans was minimal. Troubled Debt Restructuring Modifications of terms for the Company’s loans and their inclusion as TDRs are based on individual facts and circumstances. Loan modifications that are included as TDRs may involve a reduction of the stated interest rate of the loan, an extension of the maturity date at a stated rate of interest lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk, or deferral of principal payments, regardless of the period of the modification. The recorded investment in TDRs was $751 and $1,727 as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, the terms of certain loans modified as TDRs are summarized in the following tables: During the nine months ended September 30, 2016 Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Number Pre- Adjusted Extended Extended Extended Real estate loans: Construction and land — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Farmland — — — — — — 1 - 4 family residential — — — — — — Multi-family residential — — — — — — Nonfarm nonresidential — — — — — — Commercial 2 175 — — 169 — Consumer — — — — — — Total 2 $ 175 $ — $ — $ 169 $ — During the nine months ended September 30, 2015 Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Number Pre- Adjusted Extended Extended Extended Real estate loans: Construction and land — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Farmland — — — — — — 1 - 4 family residential — — — — — — Multi-family residential — — — — — — Nonfarm nonresidential 1 399 — — — 393 Commercial 1 268 — — 251 — Consumer — — — — — — Total 2 $ 667 $ — $ — $ 251 $ 393 The two loans restructured during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 were performing as agreed to the modified terms. A specific allowance of $38 for loan losses was recorded for one of the loans that were modified during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 . The two loans restructured during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 were performing as agreed to the modified terms. A specific allowance of $100 for allowance for loan losses was recorded for one of the loans that were modified during the nine months ended September 30, 2015. There were no loans modified as a troubled debt restructured loan within the previous 12 months and for which there was a payment default during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 . A default for purposes of this disclosure is a TDR loan in which the borrower is 90days past due or results in the foreclosure and repossession of the applicable collateral. Interest income recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 on the restructured loans and interest income that would have been recorded had the terms of the loan not been modified was minimal. The Company has not committed to lend additional amounts to customers with outstanding loans classified as TDRs as of September 30, 2016 or 2015 . Credit Quality Indicators From a credit risk standpoint, the Company classifies its loans in the following categories: (i) pass, (ii) special mention, (iii) substandard or (iv) doubtful. Loans classified as loss are charged‑off. The classifications of loans reflect a judgment by management about the risks of default and loss associated with the loan. The Company reviews the ratings on criticized credits monthly. Ratings are adjusted to reflect the degree of risk and loss that is believed to be inherent in each credit as of each monthly reporting period. All classified credits are evaluated for impairments. If impairment is determined to exist, a specific reserve is established. The Company’s methodology is structured so that specific reserves are increased in accordance with deterioration in credit quality (and a corresponding increase in risk and loss) or decreased in accordance with improvement in credit quality (and a corresponding decrease in risk and loss). Credits rated “special mention” show clear signs of financial weaknesses or deterioration in credit worthiness; however, such concerns are not so pronounced that the Company generally expects to experience significant loss within the short‑term. Such credits typically maintain the ability to perform within standard credit terms, and credit exposure is not as prominent as credits rated more harshly. Credits rated substandard are those in which the normal repayment of principal and interest may be, or has been, jeopardized by reason of adverse trends or developments of a financial, managerial, economic or political nature, or important weaknesses which exist in the collateral. A protracted workout on these credits is a distinct possibility. Prompt corrective action is therefore required to strengthen the Company’s position, and/or to reduce exposure and to assure that adequate remedial measures are taken by the borrower. Credit exposure becomes more likely in such credits and a serious evaluation of the secondary support to the credit is performed. Credits rated doubtful are those in which full collection of principal appears highly questionable, and in which some degree of loss is anticipated, even though the ultimate amount of loss may not yet be certain and/or other factors exist which could affect collection of debt. Based upon available information, positive action by the Company is required to avert or minimize loss. Credits rated doubtful are generally also placed on non‑accrual. The following tables summarize the Company’s internal ratings of its loans, including purchased credit impaired loans, as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 : September 30, 2016 Pass Special Substandard Doubtful Total Real estate: Construction and land $ 162,391 $ 656 $ — $ — $ 163,047 Farmland 9,421 — — — 9,421 1 - 4 family residential 134,708 — 218 — 134,926 Multi-family residential 13,281 — — — 13,281 Nonfarm nonresidential 327,056 1,279 — — 328,335 Commercial 268,761 3,420 1,228 — 273,409 Consumer 4,278 — 15 — 4,293 Total $ 919,896 $ 5,355 $ 1,461 $ — $ 926,712 In the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 , the Company disclosed a borrowing relationship comprised of loans to multiple affiliated funds in which one of the funds had publicly disclosed that it was subject to ongoing SEC investigations and that the Federal Bureau of Investigation served a search warrant in February 2016 at the fund’s corporate offices in connection with a law enforcement investigation. At that time, the borrowing relationship consisted of four loans to five affiliated funds secured by various assets, including multiple notes made to numerous residential developers in favor of the funds and further secured by deeds of trust. These loans were made to separate and distinct borrowing entities, and are not dependent on each other for repayment. At December 31, 2015, the total principal balance outstanding under the borrowing relationship amounted to $25.4 million . Since December 31, 2015, the Company has received $21.2 million in principal payments and three of the four loans have paid in full. As of September 30, 2016 , the borrowing relationship consisted of one remaining loan with an outstanding principal balance of $4.2 million of which $3 million is classified as Special Mention and $1.2 million as Pass. This loan matured October 15, 2016 and is in the process of renewal. This loan is considered well-secured and in the process of collection with plans in place for the borrowers to bring the notes fully current. The borrowing relationship is not considered impaired and no specific reserves have been established at this time. December 31, 2015 Pass Special Substandard Doubtful Total Real estate: Construction and land $ 126,422 $ — $ — $ — $ 126,422 Farmland 11,696 — — — 11,696 1 - 4 family residential 136,856 — 848 — 137,704 Multi-family residential 8,695 — — — 8,695 Nonfarm nonresidential 282,404 2,043 175 — 284,622 Commercial 244,948 573 527 76 246,124 Consumer 5,282 1 21 — 5,304 Total $ 816,303 $ 2,617 $ 1,571 $ 76 $ 820,567 An analysis of the allowance for loan losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 and year ended December 31, 2015 is as follows: Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 Year Ended December 31, 2015 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 Balance at beginning of year $ 6,772 $ 5,981 $ 5,981 Provision charged to earnings 1,610 868 258 Charge-offs (309 ) (140 ) (126 ) Recoveries 29 63 101 Net charge-offs (280 ) (77 ) (25 ) Balance at end of year $ 8,102 $ 6,772 $ 6,214 The allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total loans was 0.87% , 0.83% and 0.82% as of September 30, 2016 , December 31, 2015 , and September 30, 2015 , respectively. The following tables summarize the activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the periods indicated: For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 Real Estate Construction, Residential Nonfarm Commercial Consumer Total Balance at beginning of period $ 1,104 $ 1,124 $ 2,189 $ 2,324 $ 31 $ 6,772 Provision (recapture) charged to earnings 368 (38 ) 532 741 7 1,610 Charge-offs — — — (300 ) (9 ) (309 ) Recoveries — — — 28 1 29 Net charge-offs (recoveries) — — — (272 ) (8 ) (280 ) Balance at end of period $ 1,472 $ 1,086 $ 2,721 $ 2,793 $ 30 $ 8,102 Period-end amount allocated to: Specific reserves: Impaired loans $ — $ — $ — $ 221 $ 4 $ 225 Total specific reserves — — — 221 4 225 General reserves 1,472 1,086 2,721 2,572 26 7,877 Total $ 1,472 $ 1,086 $ 2,721 $ 2,793 $ 30 $ 8,102 For the Year Ended December 31, 2015 Real Estate Construction, Residential Nonfarm Commercial Consumer Total Balance at beginning of period $ 769 $ 1,166 $ 1,890 $ 2,092 $ 64 $ 5,981 Provision (recapture) charged to earnings 383 (42 ) 294 262 (29 ) 868 Charge-offs (48 ) — — (87 ) (5 ) (140 ) Recoveries — — 5 57 1 63 Net charge-offs (recoveries) (48 ) — 5 (30 ) (4 ) (77 ) Balance at end of period $ 1,104 $ 1,124 $ 2,189 $ 2,324 $ 31 $ 6,772 Period-end amount allocated to: Specific reserves: Impaired loans $ — $ — $ — $ 186 $ 7 $ 193 Total specific reserves — — — 186 7 193 General reserves 1,104 1,124 2,189 2,138 24 6,579 Total $ 1,104 $ 1,124 $ 2,189 $ 2,324 $ 31 $ 6,772 For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 Real Estate Construction, Residential Nonfarm Commercial Consumer Total Balance at beginning of year $ 769 $ 1,166 $ 1,890 $ 2,092 $ 64 $ 5,981 Provision (recapture) charged to earnings 135 84 26 38 (25 ) 258 Charge-offs (48 ) — — (74 ) (4 ) (126 ) Recoveries — — 5 95 1 101 Net charge-offs (recoveries) (48 ) — 5 21 (3 ) (25 ) Balance at end of year $ 856 $ 1,250 $ 1,921 $ 2,151 $ 36 $ 6,214 Period-end amount allocated to: Specific reserves: Impaired loans $ — $ — $ — $ 128 $ 5 $ 133 Total specific reserves — — — 128 5 133 General reserves 856 1,250 1,921 2,023 31 6,081 Total $ 856 $ 1,250 $ 1,921 $ 2,151 $ 36 $ 6,214 The Company’s recorded investment in loans as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 related to the balance in the allowance for loan losses on the basis of the Company’s impairment methodology is as follows: September 30, 2016 Real Estate Construction, Residential Nonfarm Commercial Consumer Total Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 164 $ 384 $ 1,020 $ 15 $ 1,583 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 172,468 148,043 327,951 272,389 4,278 925,129 Total $ 172,468 $ 148,207 $ 328,335 $ 273,409 $ 4,293 $ 926,712 December 31, 2015 Real Estate Construction, Residential Nonfarm Commercial Consumer Total Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 353 $ 1,265 $ 740 $ 21 $ 2,379 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 138,118 146,046 283,357 245,384 5,283 818,188 Total $ 138,118 $ 146,399 $ 284,622 $ 246,124 $ 5,304 $ 820,567 The Company has acquired certain loans which experienced credit deterioration since origination (purchased credit impaired, or “PCI” loans). Accretion on PCI loans is based on estimated future cash flows, regardless of contractual maturity. Servicing Assets At September 30, 2016 , the Company was servicing loans of approximately $30,346 . A summary of the changes in the related servicing assets are as follows: Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 2015 Balance at beginning of year $ 426 $ — Servicing asset acquired through acquisition — 323 Increase from loan sales 231 60 Amortization charged to income (81 ) (11 ) Balance at end of period $ 576 $ 372 The estimated fair value of the servicing assets approximated the carrying amount at September 30, 2016 . No servicing assets were held by the Company prior to the acquisition of IBT Bancorp, Inc. (“IBT”). Fair value is estimated by discounting estimated future cash flows from the servicing assets using discount rates that approximate current market rates over the expected lives of the loans being serviced. A valuation allowance is recorded when the fair value is below the carrying amount of the asset. At September 30, 2016 , there was no valuation allowance recorded. The Company may also receive a portion of subsequent interest collections on loans sold that exceed the contractual servicing fee. In that case, the Company records an interest-only strip based on its relative fair market value and the other components of the loans. There was no interest-only strip receivable recorded at September 30, 2016 . |