Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses | Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses Loans in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets are summarized as follows: December 31, December 31, 2016 2015 Real estate: Construction and land $ 162,614 $ 126,422 Farmland 8,262 11,696 1 - 4 family residential 140,137 137,704 Multi-family residential 14,683 8,695 Commercial Real Estate 370,696 284,622 Commercial 291,416 246,124 Consumer 4,089 5,304 991,897 820,567 Deferred loan fees (55 ) (62 ) Allowance for loan losses (8,524 ) (6,772 ) $ 983,318 $ 813,733 Included in the net loan portfolio as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 is an accretable discount related to loans acquired within a business combination in the approximate amounts of $469 and $932 , respectively. The discount is being accreted into income using the interest method over the life of the loans. In addition, included in the net loan portfolio as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 is a discount on retained loans from SBA loans sales of $832 and $583 , respectively. An institution which has reported loans for construction, land development, and other land loans representing 100% or more of total risk-based capital, or total non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans representing 300% or more of the institution’s total risk-based capital and the outstanding balance of commercial real estate loan portfolio has increased by 50% or more during the prior 36 months, may be identified for further supervisory analysis by regulators to assess the nature and risk posed by the concentration. As of December 31, 2016 , the Company had total commercial real estate loans (CRE) representing 310% of total risk-based capital. Included in these amounts, the Company had construction, land development, and other land loans representing 125% of total risk-based capital at December 31, 2016 indicating a concentration in commercial real estate lending. Sound risk management practices and appropriate levels of capital are essential elements of a sound commercial real estate lending program. Concentrations of CRE exposures add a dimension of risk that compounds the risk inherent in individual loans. Interagency guidance on CRE concentrations describes sound risk management practices, which include board and management oversight, portfolio management, management information systems, market analysis, portfolio stress testing and sensitivity analysis, credit underwriting standards, and credit risk review functions. At December 31, 2016 , Management believes that it has implemented these practices in order to monitor its CRE lending program and that it is in compliance with the requirements and guidance of federal banking agencies including the federal reserve for institutions with concentrations in commercial real estate lending. The majority of the loan portfolio consists of loans to businesses and individuals in the Dallas metropolitan area. This geographic concentration subjects the loan portfolio to the general economic conditions within this area. The risks created by this concentration have been considered by management in the determination of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses. Management believes the allowance for loan losses was adequate to cover estimated losses on loans as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 . Non-Accrual and Past Due Loans Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Loans are placed on non-accrual status when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when required by regulatory provisions. Loans may be placed on non-accrual status regardless of whether or not such loans are considered past due. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received in excess of principal due. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured. Non-accrual loans aggregated by class of loans, as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 , are as follows: December 31, December 31, 2016 2015 Real estate: Construction and land $ — $ — Farmland — — 1 - 4 family residential — 187 Multi-family residential — — Commercial Real Estate — — Commercial 930 383 Consumer 11 21 $ 941 $ 591 During the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 , interest income not recognized on non-accrual loans was minimal. An age analysis of past due loans, aggregated by class of loans, as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 is as follows: December 31, 2016 30 to 59 Days 60 to 89 Days 90 Days or Greater Total Past Due Total Current Total Loans Total 90 Days Past Due and Still Accruing Real estate: Construction and land $ 1,047 $ — $ — $ 1,047 $ 161,567 $ 162,614 $ — Farmland — — — — 8,262 8,262 — 1 - 4 family residential 510 214 — 724 139,413 140,137 — Multi-family residential — — — — 14,683 14,683 — Commercial Real Estate — — 754 754 369,942 370,696 754 Commercial 1,344 438 532 2,314 289,102 291,416 81 Consumer 41 — — 41 4,048 4,089 — $ 2,942 $ 652 $ 1,286 $ 4,880 $ 987,017 $ 991,897 $ 835 December 31, 2015 30 to 59 Days 60 to 89 Days 90 Days or Greater Total Past Due Total Current Total Loans Total 90 Days Past Due and Still Accruing Real estate: Construction and land $ 3 $ — $ — $ 3 $ 126,419 $ 126,422 $ — Farmland — — — — 11,696 11,696 — 1 - 4 family residential 215 438 187 840 136,864 137,704 — Multi-family residential — — — — 8,695 8,695 — Commercial Real Estate — 175 — 175 284,447 284,622 — Commercial 883 81 159 1,123 245,001 246,124 83 Consumer 8 2 1 11 5,293 5,304 1 $ 1,109 $ 696 $ 347 $ 2,152 $ 818,415 $ 820,567 $ 84 Loans past due 90 days and still accruing, increased from $84 as of December 31, 2015 to $835 as of December 31, 2016 . These loans are also considered well-secured and in the process of collection as of the reporting date with plans in place for the borrowers to bring the notes fully current. The Company believes that it will collect all principal and interest due on each of the loans past due 90 days and still accruing. Impaired Loans Impaired loans are those loans where it is probable the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due in accordance with the original contractual terms of the loan agreement, including scheduled principal and interest payments. All troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) are considered impaired loans. Impaired loans are measured based on either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate; the loan’s observable market price; or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. Substantially all of the Company’s impaired loans are measured at the fair value of the collateral. Impaired loans, or portions thereof, are charged off when deemed uncollectible. Impaired loans, including purchased credit impaired loans and troubled debt restructurings, at December 31, 2016 and 2015 are summarized in the following tables. December 31, 2016 Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance Recorded Investment with No Allowance Recorded Investment With Allowance Total Recorded Investment Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment YTD Real estate: Construction and land $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Farmland — — — — — — 1 - 4 family residential 164 164 — 164 — 265 Multi-family residential — — — — — — Commercial Real Estate 382 382 — 382 — 440 Commercial 955 381 574 955 246 463 Consumer 92 81 11 92 4 12 Total $ 1,593 $ 1,008 $ 585 $ 1,593 $ 250 $ 1,180 December 31, 2015 Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance Recorded Investment with No Allowance Recorded Investment With Allowance Total Recorded Investment Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment YTD Real estate: Construction and land $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 10 Farmland — — — — — — 1 - 4 family residential 353 353 — 353 — 191 Multi-family residential — — — — — — Commercial Real Estate 1,265 1,265 — 1,265 — 1,146 Commercial 740 390 350 740 186 533 Consumer 21 3 18 21 7 27 Total $ 2,379 $ 2,011 $ 368 $ 2,379 $ 193 $ 1,907 Interest payments on impaired loans are typically applied to principal unless collectability of the principal amount is reasonably assured, in which case interest is recognized on a cash basis. During the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 , total interest income and cash-based interest income recognized on impaired loans was minimal. Troubled Debt Restructuring Modifications of terms for the Company’s loans and their inclusion as TDRs are based on individual facts and circumstances. Loan modifications that are included as TDRs may involve a reduction of the stated interest rate of the loan, an extension of the maturity date at a stated rate of interest lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk, or deferral of principal payments, regardless of the period of the modification. The recorded investment in TDRs was $822 and $1,727 as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 , respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 , the terms of certain loans were modified as TDRs as follows: During the year ended December 31, 2016 Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Number Pre- Adjusted Extended Extended Extended Real estate loans: Construction and land — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Farmland — — — — — — 1 - 4 family residential — — — — — — Multi-family residential — — — — — — Commercial Real Estate — — — — — — Commercial 2 175 — — 169 — Consumer 1 81 — — 81 — Total 3 $ 256 $ — $ — $ 250 $ — During the year ended December 31, 2015 Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Number Pre- Adjusted Extended Extended Extended Real estate loans: Construction and land — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Farmland — — — — — — 1 - 4 family residential — — — — — — Multi-family residential — — — — — — Commercial Real Estate 1 399 — — — 391 Commercial 1 268 — — 246 — Consumer — — — — — — Total 2 $ 667 $ — $ — $ 246 $ 391 All TDRs are measured individually for impairment. Of the three loans restructured during the year ended December 31, 2016 , two are past due and one is performing as agreed to the modified terms. A specific allowance for loan losses of $38 is recorded for one of the loans as of December 31, 2016 . One of the three loans is on non-accrual status as of December 31, 2016 . Of the two loans restructured during the year ended December 31, 2015 , both are performing as agreed to the modified terms. A specific allowance for loan losses of $132 is recorded for one of the loans as of December 31, 2015 . One of the two loans were on non-accrual status as of December 31, 2015 . Interest income recorded during 2016 and 2015 on the restructured loans and interest income that would have been recorded had the terms of the loan not been modified was minimal. There were no loans modified as a troubled debt restructured loan for which there was a payment default during the year ended December 31, 2016 or December 31, 2015 . A default for purposes of this disclosure is a troubled debt restructured loan in which the borrower is 90 days past due or results in the foreclosure and repossession of the applicable collateral. The Company has not committed to lend additional amounts to customers with outstanding loans that were classified as TDRs as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 . Credit Quality Indicators From a credit risk standpoint, the Company classifies its loans in one of the following categories: (i) pass, (ii) special mention, (iii) substandard or (iv) doubtful. Loans classified as loss are charged-off. The classifications of loans reflect a judgment about the risks of default and loss associated with the loan. The Company reviews the ratings on criticized credits monthly. Ratings are adjusted to reflect the degree of risk and loss that is felt to be inherent in each credit as of each monthly reporting period. All classified credits are evaluated for impairments. If impairment is determined to exist, a specific reserve is established. The Company’s methodology is structured so that specific reserves are increased in accordance with deterioration in credit quality (and a corresponding increase in risk and loss) or decreased in accordance with improvement in credit quality (and a corresponding decrease in risk and loss). Credits rated special mention show clear signs of financial weaknesses or deterioration in credit worthiness, however, such concerns are not so pronounced that the Company generally expects to experience significant loss within the short-term. Such credits typically maintain the ability to perform within standard credit terms and credit exposure is not as prominent as credits rated more harshly. Credits rated substandard are those in which the normal repayment of principal and interest may be, or has been, jeopardized by reason of adverse trends or developments of a financial, managerial, economic or political nature, or important weaknesses which exist in collateral. A protracted workout on these credits is a distinct possibility. Prompt corrective action is therefore required to strengthen the Company’s position, and/or to reduce exposure and to assure that adequate remedial measures are taken by the borrower. Credit exposure becomes more likely in such credits and a serious evaluation of the secondary support to the credit is performed. Credits rated doubtful are those in which full collection of principal appears highly questionable, and in which some degree of loss is anticipated, even though the ultimate amount of loss may not yet be certain and/or other factors exist which could affect collection of debt. Based upon available information, positive action by the Company is required to avert or minimize loss. Credits rated doubtful are generally also placed on non-accrual. The following tables summarize the Company’s internal ratings of its loans, including purchased credit impaired loans, as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 : December 31, 2016 Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Total Real estate: Construction and land $ 162,614 $ — $ — $ — $ 162,614 Farmland 8,262 — — — 8,262 1 - 4 family residential 139,212 710 215 — 140,137 Multi-family residential 14,683 — — — 14,683 Commercial Real Estate 368,370 2,326 — — 370,696 Commercial 289,589 686 1,034 107 291,416 Consumer 4,078 — 11 — 4,089 Total $ 986,808 $ 3,722 $ 1,260 $ 107 $ 991,897 December 31, 2015 Pass Special Mention Substandard Doubtful Total Real estate: Construction and land $ 126,422 $ — $ — $ — $ 126,422 Farmland 11,696 — — — 11,696 1 - 4 family residential 136,856 — 848 — 137,704 Multi-family residential 8,695 — — — 8,695 Commercial Real Estate 282,404 2,043 175 — 284,622 Commercial 244,948 573 527 76 246,124 Consumer 5,282 1 21 — 5,304 Total $ 816,303 $ 2,617 $ 1,571 $ 76 $ 820,567 An analysis of the allowance for loan losses for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 is as follows: For the For the For the Year Ended Year Ended Year Ended December 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 December 31, 2014 Balance at beginning of year $ 6,772 $ 5,981 $ 5,018 Provision charged to earnings 2,050 868 1,423 Charge-offs (333 ) (140 ) (510 ) Recoveries 35 63 50 Net charge-offs (298 ) (77 ) (460 ) Balance at end of year $ 8,524 $ 6,772 $ 5,981 The allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total loans was 0.86% , 0.83% and 0.99% as of December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively. The following tables summarize the activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 : December 31, 2016 Real Estate Construction, Land and Farmland Residential Commercial Real Estate Commercial Consumer Total Balance at beginning of year $ 1,104 $ 1,124 $ 2,189 $ 2,324 $ 31 $ 6,772 Provision (recapture) charged to earnings 311 (8 ) 814 913 20 2,050 Charge-offs — — — (314 ) (19 ) (333 ) Recoveries — — — 32 3 35 Net charge-offs (recoveries) — — — (282 ) (16 ) (298 ) Balance at end of year $ 1,415 $ 1,116 $ 3,003 $ 2,955 $ 35 $ 8,524 Period-end amount allocated to: Specific reserves: Impaired loans $ — $ — $ — $ 246 $ 4 $ 250 Total specific reserves — — — 246 4 250 General reserves 1,415 1,116 3,003 2,709 31 8,274 Total $ 1,415 $ 1,116 $ 3,003 $ 2,955 $ 35 $ 8,524 December 31, 2015 Real Estate Construction, Land and Farmland Residential Commercial Real Estate Commercial Consumer Total Balance at beginning of year $ 769 $ 1,166 $ 1,890 $ 2,092 $ 64 $ 5,981 Provision (recapture) charged to earnings 383 (42 ) 294 262 (29 ) 868 Charge-offs (48 ) — — (87 ) (5 ) (140 ) Recoveries — — 5 57 1 63 Net charge-offs (recoveries) (48 ) — 5 (30 ) (4 ) (77 ) Balance at end of year $ 1,104 $ 1,124 $ 2,189 $ 2,324 $ 31 $ 6,772 Period-end amount allocated to: Specific reserves: Impaired loans $ — $ — $ — $ 186 $ 7 $ 193 Total specific reserves — — — 186 7 193 General reserves 1,104 1,124 2,189 2,138 24 6,579 Total $ 1,104 $ 1,124 $ 2,189 $ 2,324 $ 31 $ 6,772 The Company’s recorded investment in loans as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 related to the balance in the allowance for loan losses on the basis of the Company’s impairment methodology is as follows: December 31, 2016 Real Estate Construction, Land and Farmland Residential Commercial Real Estate Commercial Consumer Total Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 164 $ 382 $ 955 $ 92 $ 1,593 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 170,876 154,656 370,314 290,461 3,997 990,304 Total $ 170,876 $ 154,820 $ 370,696 $ 291,416 $ 4,089 $ 991,897 December 31, 2015 Real Estate Construction, Land and Farmland Residential Commercial Real Estate Commercial Consumer Total Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ — $ 353 $ 1,265 $ 740 $ 21 $ 2,379 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 138,118 146,046 283,357 245,384 5,283 818,188 Total $ 138,118 $ 146,399 $ 284,622 $ 246,124 $ 5,304 $ 820,567 The Company has acquired certain loans which experienced credit deterioration since origination (purchased credit impaired loans, or “PCI” loans). Accretion on PCI loans is based on estimated future cash flows, regardless of contractual maturity. The carrying amount of purchased credit impaired loans as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 was minimal. Servicing Assets At December 31, 2016 , the Company was servicing loans of approximately $32,905 and $21,659 as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 . A summary of the changes in the related servicing assets are as follows: Year Ended December 31, 2016 2015 Balance at beginning of year $ 426 $ — Servicing asset acquired through acquisition — 323 Increase from loan sales 365 126 Amortization charged to income (190 ) (23 ) Increase in valuation allowance — — Balance at end of period $ 601 $ 426 The estimated fair value of the servicing assets approximated the carrying amount at December 31, 2016 . No servicing assets were held by the bank prior to the acquisition of IBT Bancorp, Inc. (“IBT”). Fair value is estimated by discounting estimated future cash flows from the servicing assets using discount rates that approximate current market rates over the expected lives of the loans being serviced. A valuation allowance is recorded when the fair value is below the carrying amount of the asset. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015 , there were no valuation allowances recorded. The Company may also receive a portion of subsequent interest collections on loans sold that exceed the contractual servicing fee. In that case, the Company records an interest-only strip based on its relative fair market value and the other components of the loans. There was no interest-only strip receivable recorded at December 31, 2016 and 2015 . During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 , the Bank sold $18,704 and $6,724 of Small Business Administration loans resulting in a gain of $1,690 and $550 . |